Genera that contain: Pleuronectes [ 68 ] records

Achirus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:658 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Masc. Pleuronectes achirus Linnaeus 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy. Pleuronectes achirus Linnaeus was treated in the synonymy of Achirus fasciatus Lacepède 1802, but apparently fasciatus Lacepède is not the same as achirus Linnaeus and belongs in the genus Trinectes. •Valid as Achirus Lacepède 1802 -- (Robins et al. 1980:65 [ref. 7111], Lea et al. 1989:239 [ref. 21534], Allen 1991:205 [ref. 21090], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:492 [ref. 24550], Munroe 2003:1927 [ref. 27118], Ramos in Reis et al. 2003:667 [ref. 27061], Ramos et al. 2009:55 [ref. 30194]). Current status: Valid as Achirus Lacepède 1802. Achiridae.

Arelia Kaup [J. J.] 1858:107 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (pt. 1); ref. 2579] Fem. Pleuronectes arel Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by subsequent designation. Earliest subsequent designation not researched; aral listed as type by Jordan 1919:282 [ref. 2410]. •Valid as Arelia Kaup 1858 -- (Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:355 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Cynoglossus Hamilton 1822, but a valid subgenus Arelia-- (Li & Wang 1995:334, 355 [ref. 16193]). •Synonym of Cynoglossus Hamilton 1822 -- (Menon 1977:16 [ref. 7071], Desoutter 1986:432 [ref. 6212], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:207 [ref. 21500], Evseenko 2003:S70 [ref. 28535], Kottelat 2013:466 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40708]) Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus Hamilton 1822. Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae.

Arnoglossus Bleeker [P.] 1862:427 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 13; ref. 388] Masc. Pleuronectes arnoglossus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by monotypy (also by absolute tautonymy). •Valid as Arnoglossus Bleeker 1862 -- (Norman 1934:173 [ref. 6893], Amaoka 1969:185 [ref. 105], Nielsen 1973:621 [ref. 6885], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:642 [ref. 13641], Amaoka in Masuda et al. 1984:349 [ref. 6441], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1294 [ref. 13677], Hensley 1986:855 [ref. 5669], Hensley 1986:941 [ref. 6326], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:55 [ref. 21500], Gomon et al. 1994:844 [ref. 22532], Li & Wang 1995:150 [ref. 16193], Arai & Amaoka 1996:360 [ref. 22589], Amaoka et al. 1997:131 [ref. 22935], Amaoka & Mihara 2000:785 [ref. 25048], Hensley & Amaoka 2001:3803 [ref. 26311], Hensley & Amaoka 2001:3805 [ref. 26311], Evseenko 2003:S59 [ref. 28535], Hoese & Bray 2006:1812 [ref. 29000], Gomon 2008:808 [ref. 30616], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:72 [ref. 36649], Parin et al. 2014:525 [ref. 33547], Munroe 2015:1676 [ref. 34321], Motomura et al. 2017:219 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35674], Fricke et al. 2018:369 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:172 [ref. 36273], Amaoka & Ho 2019:157 [ref. 37188], Brown et al. 2019:170 [ref. 36444], Fricke et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40065]). Current status: Valid as Arnoglossus Bleeker 1862. Bothidae.

Brachirus (subgenus of Solea) Swainson [W.] 1839:187, 303 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Masc. Pleuronectes orientalis Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Swain 1882:281 [ref. 5966]. Not Brachirus or Brachyrus Swainson 1838:71, 264 (= Dendrochirus Swainson 1839). Once regarded as preoccupied by Brachirus Swainson 1838, replaced by Synaptura Cantor 1849; but see Kottelat 1998:120 [ref. 23436]. •In the synonymy of Synaptura Cantor 1849 -- (Desoutter 1986:431 [ref. 6212]). •Valid as Brachirus Swainson 1839 -- (Li & Wang 1995:304 [ref. 16193], Kottelat 1998:120 [ref. 23436], Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314], Ataur Rahman 2003:41[ref. 31338], Hoese & Bray 2006:1844 [ref. 29000], Gomon 2008:818 [ref. 30616], Coad 2010:268 [ref. 36620], Kottelat 2013:464 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2018:372 [ref. 35805], Voronina 2019:418 [ref. 36809], Fricke et al. 2019:317 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Brachirus Swainson 1839. Soleidae.

Brachyprosopon Bleeker [P.] 1862:428 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 13; ref. 388] Neut. Pleuronectes microcephalus of Fleming 1828 (= Pleuronectes microcephalus Donovan 1803). Type by monotypy. •Objective synonym of Cynoglossa Bonaparte 1846. •Synonym of Microstomus Gottsche 1835 -- (Norman 1934:355 [ref. 6893], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:163 [ref. 21500], Evseenko 2003:S66 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:10 [ref. 27606]). Current status: Synonym of Microstomus Gottsche 1835. Pleuronectidae: Microstominae.

Buglossidium Chabanaud [P.] 1930:14 [Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco) No. 555; ref. 784] Neut. Pleuronectes luteus Risso 1810. Type by original designation. •Valid as Buglossidium Chabanaud 1930 -- (Torchio 1973:631 [ref. 6892], Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. 1986:1311 [ref. 13677], Desoutter 1987 [ref. 6742], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:73 [ref. 36649], Parin et al. 2014:548 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Buglossidium Chabanaud 1930. Soleidae.

Buglossus (subgenus of Solea) Günther [A.] 1862:462, 469-470 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Masc. Pleuronectes variegatus Donovan 1808. Type by subsequent designation. Described in key (p. 462) as section of Solea with 3 species (pp. 469-470). Type designated by Jordan 1919:319 [ref. 4904]. •Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte 1833 -- (Torchio 1973:632 [ref. 6892]). Current status: Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte 1833. Soleidae.

Cantoria Kaup [J. J.] 1858:106 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (pt. 1); ref. 2579] Fem. Cantoria pinanganensis Kaup 1858 (= Pleuronectes potous Cuvier 1829). Type by monotypy. Kaup's Cantoria pinanganensis apparently is an unneeded replacement for Pleuronectes potous. Genus is preoccupied by Cantoria Girard 1858, replaced by Cantorusia Whitley 1940. •Synonym of Cynoglossus Hamilton 1822 -- (Menon 1977:16 [ref. 7071], Desoutter 1986:432 [ref. 6212], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:207 [ref. 21500], Kottelat 2013:466 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus Hamilton 1822. Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae.

Caulopsetta Gill [T. N.] 1893:124 [Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences v. 6 (mem. 5); ref. 1736] Fem. Pleuronectes scapha Forster in Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Arnoglossus Bleeker 1862 -- (Norman 1934:173 [ref. 6893], Amaoka 1969:186 [ref. 105], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:55 [ref. 21500], Amaoka & Mihara 2000:785 [ref. 25048]). Current status: Synonym of Arnoglossus Bleeker 1862. Bothidae.

Chaenopsetta Gill [T. N.] 1861:50 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13 (Suppl.); ref. 1766] Fem. Pleuronectes oblongus Mitchill 1815. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Paralichthys Girard 1858 -- (Norman 1934:69 [ref. 6893], Amaoka 1969:85 [ref. 105], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:18 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:116 [ref. 16193], Evseenko 2003:S58 [ref. 28535], Parin et al. 2014:524 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys Girard 1858. Paralichthyidae.

Chopinopsetta Whitley [G. P.] 1931:322 [Australian Zoologist v. 6 (pt 4); ref. 4672] Fem. Pleuronectes linguatula Linnaeus 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded replacement for Eucitharus Gill, not preoccupied by Eucithara Fischer 1883 in Mollusca. •Synonym of Eucitharus Gill 1889 -- (Norman 1934:168 [ref. 6893]). •Synonym of Citharus Artedi 1793. Current status: Synonym of Citharus Artedi 1793. Citharidae.

Citharus Artedi [P.] in Röse 1793:116 [Petri Artedi Angermannia; ref. 3833] Masc. Pleuronectes linguatula Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. •Synonym of Eucitharus Gill 1889 -- (Norman 1934:168 [ref. 6893]). •Valid as Citharus Artedi 1793 -- (Nielsen 1973:615 [ref. 6885], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1286 [ref. 13677], Hoshino 2001:391 [ref. 25785], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:592 [ref. 29996], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:71 [ref. 36649]). Current status: Valid as Citharus Artedi 1793. Citharidae.

Citharus Reinhardt [J. C. H.] 1837:116, 130 [Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs naturvidenskabelige og mathematiske afhandlinger v. 7; ref. 3691] Masc. Pleuronectes platessoides Fabricius 1780. Type by subsequent designation. Perhaps not intended as a new genus. Type designated by Jordan & Evermann 1898:2614 [ref. 2445]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Citharus Artedi 1793. •Synonym of Hippoglossoides Gottsche 1835 -- (Norman 1934:294 [ref. 6893], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:92 [ref. 21500], Evseenko 2004:5 [ref. 27606]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Hippoglossoides Gottsche 1835. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Citharus Bleeker [P.] 1862:424 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 13; ref. 388] Masc. Pleuronectes macrolepidotus Bloch 1787. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Citharus Artedi in Röse 1793 and Citharus Reinhardt 1837 in fishes; replaced by Eucitharus Gill 1889. Bleeker 1862:424 gives species as Pleuronectes macrolepidotus L. [Linnaeus], but that was named by Bloch. •Synonym of Citharus Artedi 1793 if available. 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Citharus Artedi 1793. Citharidae.

Cynicoglossus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1837:puntata 97 [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4893] Masc. Pleuronectes cynoglossus Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. Apparently appeared first in puntata 97, fasc. 19 under Platessa passer. Bonaparte stated that the species was P. cynoglossus Linnaeus; possibly based on a misidentified type species (see Norman 1934:355). •Synonym of Microstomus Gottsche 1835 -- (Norman 1934:355 [ref. 6893], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:163 [ref. 21500], Evseenko 2003:S65 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:10 [ref. 27606], Parin et al. 2014:539 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Microstomus Gottsche 1835. Pleuronectidae: Microstominae.

Cynoglossa Bonaparte [C. L.] 1846:48 [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Sesta Riunione, Milano 7a Adunanza, Napoli, Part 2; ref. 519] Fem. Pleuronectes microcephalus Donovan 1803. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Microstomus Gottsche 1835 -- (Norman 1934:355 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:625 [ref. 6885], Desoutter in Lévêque et al. 1992:866 [ref. 21590], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:163 [ref. 21500], Evseenko 2003:S66 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:10 [ref. 27606], Parin et al. 2014:539 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Microstomus Gottsche 1835. Pleuronectidae: Microstominae.

Drepanopsetta Gill [T. N.] 1861:50 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13 (Suppl.); ref. 1766] Fem. Pleuronectes platessoides Fabricius 1780. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Hippoglossoides Gottsche 1835 -- (Norman 1934:294 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:624 [ref. 6885], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:92 [ref. 21500], Evseenko 2003:S61 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:5 [ref. 27606], Parin et al. 2014:531 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Hippoglossoides Gottsche 1835. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Echinosolea Chabanaud [P.] 1927:5, 10 [Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco) No. 488; ref. 782] Fem. Solea oculata of Rondelet (= Pleuronectes ocellatus Linnaeus 1758). Type by original designation. •Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte 1833 -- (Torchio 1973:632 [ref. 6892]). Current status: Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte 1833. Soleidae.

Euchalarodus Gill [T. N.] 1864:216 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 1704] Masc. Euchalarodus putnami Gill 1864. Type by monotypy. Described in more detail in Gill 1864:221-223 [ref. 5773]. •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758, subgenus Liopsetta -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:113, 118 [ref. 21500]). •Synonym of Liopsetta Gill 1864 -- (Norman 1934:368 [ref. 6893], Li & Wang 1995:246 [ref. 16193], Evseenko 2003:S65 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:9 [ref. 27606]). Current status: Synonym of Liopsetta Gill 1864. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Eucitharus Gill [T. N.] 1889:599 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 11 (no. 757); ref. 1730] Masc. Pleuronectes macrolepidotus Bloch 1787. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Citharus Bleeker 1862, preoccupied by Citharus Reinhardt 1838 in fishes but also predated by Citharus Artedi in Röse 1793 in fishes. Norman 1934:168 [ref. 6893] does not accept Citharus Artedi in Röse 1793 as available. •Valid as Eucitharus Gill 1889 -- (Norman 1934:168 [ref. 6893], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:640 [ref. 13641], Aboussouan 1988 [ref. 12841]). •Synonym of Citharus Artedi 1793 -- (Nielsen 1973:615 [ref. 6885], and later workers). Current status: Synonym of Citharus Artedi 1793. Citharidae.

Euporista Gistel [J.] 1848:X [Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs; ref. 1822] Fem. Pleuronectes plagiusa Linnaeus 1766. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Plagusia Bonaparte, preoccupied by Plagusia Latreille 1804 in Crustacea. •Synonym of Symphurus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Fricke et al. 2023:25 [ref. 40708]). Current status: Synonym of Symphurus Rafinesque 1810. Cynoglossidae: Symphurinae.

Euryglossa Kaup [J. J.] 1858:99 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (pt. 1); ref. 2578] Fem. Pleuronectes orientalis Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Euryglossa Smith 1853 in Hymenoptera (Kottelat et al. 1993:171 [ref. 23448]). •Valid as Euryglossa Kaup 1858 -- (Kottelat 1985:274 [ref. 11441], Kottelat 1989:20 [ref. 13605]). •Synonym of the soleid genus Brachirus Swainson 1838 -- (Li & Wang 1995:304 [ref. 16193], Kottelat 1998:120 [ref. 23436], Desoutter et al. 2001:326 [ref. 25559], Kottelat 2013:464 [ref. 32989]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Brachirus Swainson 1839. Soleidae.

Flesus Moreau [É.] 1881:298 (v. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Moreau); ref. 3040] Masc. Pleuronectes flesus Linnaeus 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy of name in synonymy of one of two included species. •Synonym of Platichthys Girard 1854 -- (Norman 1934:376 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:626 [ref. 6885], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:147 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:251 [ref. 16193], Evseenko 2004:11 [ref. 27606], Parin et al. 2014:540 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Platichthys Girard 1854. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Gareus (subgenus of Liopsetta) Hubbs [C. L.] 1915:486 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 48 (no. 2082); ref. 2224] Masc. Pleuronectes obscurus Herzenstein 1890. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Liopsetta Gill 1864 -- (Norman 1934:368 [ref. 6893], Li & Wang 1995:246 [ref. 16193] as Gareius). •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758 -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:113 [ref. 21500]). •Synonym of Pseudopleuronectes Bleeker 1862 -- (Evseenko 2003:S68 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:13 [ref. 27606], Parin et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudopleuronectes Bleeker 1862. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Glossichthys Gill [T. N.] 1861:51 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13 (Suppl.); ref. 1766] Masc. Glossichthys plagiusa Gill 1861 (= Pleuronectes plagiusa Linnaeus 1766). Type by monotypy. Single included species given as "Glossichthys plagiusa Gill" with Plagusia fasciata Storer in synonymy; species apparently is Pleuronectes plagiusa Linnaeus. •Synonym of Symphurus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Fricke et al. 2023:25 [ref. 40708]). Current status: Synonym of Symphurus Rafinesque 1810. Cynoglossidae: Symphurinae.

Glyptocephalus Gottsche [C. M.] 1835:136, 156 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 2 (pt 2, no. 2); ref. 1862] Masc. Pleuronectes saxicola Faber 1828. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Glyptocephalus Gottsche 1835 -- (Norman 1934:363 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:623 [ref. 6885], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Sakamoto 1984:209 [ref. 5273], Sakamoto in Masuda et al. 1984:353 [ref. 6441], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1299 [ref. 13677], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:156 [ref. 21500], Cooper & Chapleau 1998:712 [ref. 26711], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:822 [ref. 25968], Evseenko 2003:S61 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:5 [ref. 27606], Shinohara et al. 2011:57 [ref. 31715], Parin et al. 2014:530 [ref. 33547], Pietsch & Orr 2015:68 [ref. 34694], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:195 [ref. 35257], Vinnikov et al. 2018:159 [ref. 35844]). Current status: Valid as Glyptocephalus Gottsche 1835. Pleuronectidae: Microstominae.

Grammichthys Kaup [J. J.] 1858:101 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (pt. 1); ref. 2578] Masc. Pleuronectes lineatus Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Achirus Lacepède 1802. Current status: Synonym of Achirus Lacepède 1802. Achiridae.

Hippoglossoides Gottsche [C. M.] 1835:164, 168 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 2 (pt 2, no. 2); ref. 1862] Masc. Hippoglossoides limanda Gottsche 1835 (= Pleuronectes limandoides Bloch 1787). Type by monotypy. •Valid as Hippoglossoides Gottsche 1835 -- (Norman 1934:294 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:623 [ref. 6885], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Sakamoto 1984:208 [ref. 5273], Sakamoto in Masuda et al. 1984:351 [ref. 6441], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1300 [ref. 13677], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:92 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:232 [ref. 16193], Cooper & Chapleau 1998:706 [ref. 26711], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:820 [ref. 25968], Evseenko 2003:S61 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:5 [ref. 27606], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:131 [ref. 31212], Shinohara et al. 2011:56 [ref. 31715], Parin et al. 2014:531 [ref. 33547], Pietsch & Orr 2015:68 [ref. 34694], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:215 [ref. 34440], Vinnikov et al. 2018:159 [ref. 35844]). Current status: Valid as Hippoglossoides Gottsche 1835. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Hippoglossus Cuvier [G.] 1816:221 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Masc. Pleuronectes hippoglossus Linnaeus 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy. •Valid as Hippoglossus Cuvier 1816 -- (Norman 1934:291 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:624 [ref. 6885], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Sakamoto 1984:208 [ref. 5273], Sakamoto in Masuda et al. 1984:351 [ref. 6441], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1301 [ref. 13677], Cooper & Chapleau 1998:701 [ref. 26711], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:819 [ref. 25968], Evseenko 2003:S62 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:6 [ref. 27606], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:131 [ref. 31212], Shinohara et al. 2011:56 [ref. 31715], Parin et al. 2014:533 [ref. 33547], Pietsch & Orr 2015:69 [ref. 34694], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:227 [ref. 34440], Vinnikov et al. 2018:159 [ref. 35844]). Current status: Valid as Hippoglossus Cuvier 1816. Pleuronectidae: Hippoglossinae.

Inopsetta Jordan [D. S.] & Goss [D. K.] in Jordan 1885:924 [136] [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner v. 13 (1885); ref. 2385] Fem. Parophrys ischyrus Jordan & Gilbert 1880. Type by original designation (also monotypic). On p. 136 of separate. The type-species Parophrys ischyrus Jordan & Gilbert 1880 is thought to be a hybrid between Platichthys stellatus (Pallas 1788) and Parophrys vetulus Girard 1854. •Valid as Inopsetta Jordan & Goss 1885 -- (Norman 1934:375 [ref. 6893]). •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758 and also Platichthys Girard 1854 -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:113 [ref. 21500] when type species is regarded as a hybrid). •Incertae sedis in Pleuronectidae -- (Evseenko 2004:23 [ref. 27606]). Current status: Uncertain as Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Isopsetta Lockington [W. N.] in Jordan & Gilbert 1883:832 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 16; ref. 2476] Fem. Lepidopsetta isolepis Lockington 1880. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subgenus Isopsetta -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:113, 115 [ref. 21500]). •Valid as Isopsetta Lockington 1883 -- (Norman 1934:326 [ref. 6893], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Rass 1996:570 [ref. 24656], Cooper & Chapleau 1998:709 [ref. 26711], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:821 [ref. 25968], Evseenko 2004:7 [ref. 27606], Pietsch & Orr 2015:69 [ref. 34694], Vinnikov et al. 2018:160 [ref. 35844]). Current status: Valid as Isopsetta Lockington 1883. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Kareius Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1900:379 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1213); ref. 2502] Masc. Pleuronectes scutifer Steindachner 1870. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Kareius Jordan & Snyder 1900 -- (Norman 1934:376 [ref. 6893], Sakamoto 1984:210 [ref. 5273], Sakamoto in Masuda et al. 1984:353 [ref. 6441], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:160 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:253 [ref. 16193], Evseenko 2003:S63 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:7 [ref. 27606], Parin et al. 2014:534 [ref. 33547], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:195 [ref. 35257]). •Synonym of Platichthys Girard 1854 -- (Vinnikov et al. 2018:160 [ref. 35844]). Current status: Synonym of Platichthys Girard 1854. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Lepidopsetta Gill [T. N.] 1862:330 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 1668] Fem. Platichthys umbrosus Girard 1856. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subgenus Lepidopsetta -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:113,117 [ref. 21500]). •Valid as Lepidopsetta Gill 1862 -- (Norman 1934:329 [ref. 6893], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Sakamoto in Masuda et al. 1984:352 [ref. 6441], Rass 1996:570 [ref. 24656], Orr & Matarese 2000:551 [ref. 24744], Cooper & Chapleau 1998:709 [ref. 26711], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:821 [ref. 25968], Evseenko 2003:S63 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:8 [ref. 27606], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:131 [ref. 31212], Parin et al. 2014:534 [ref. 33547], Pietsch & Orr 2015:69 [ref. 34694], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:196 [ref. 35257], Vinnikov et al. 2018:160 [ref. 35844]). Current status: Valid as Lepidopsetta Gill 1862. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Lepidorhombus (subgenus of Rhombus) Günther [A.] 1862:407, 411 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Masc. Pleuronectes megastoma Donovan 1804. Type by subsequent designation. Type apparently first designated by Jordan 1919:319 [ref. 4904]. •Valid as Lepidorhombus Günther 1862 -- (Norman 1934:272 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:616 [ref. 6885], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:640 [ref. 13641], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1287 [ref. 13677], Chanet 2003:281 [ref. 27526], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:71 [ref. 36649], Voronina 2010:695 [ref. 31094], Parin et al. 2014:522 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Lepidorhombus Günther 1862. Scophthalmidae.

Leptosoma Nardo [G. D.] 1827:32, 39 [Giornale di fisica, chimica e storia naturale, medicina, ed arti. (series 2) Dec. II, v. 10; ref. 3146] Neut. Leptosoma ater Nardo 1827. Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Nardo 1827:col. 482 [ref. 19740]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leptosoma Leach 1819 in Crustacea; replaced by Spanius Gistel 1848. •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758. 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Limanda Gottsche [C. M.] 1835:136, 160 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 2 (pt 2, no. 2); ref. 1862] Fem. Limanda vulgaris Gottsche 1835 (= Pleuronectes limanda Nilsson [= Linnaeus]). Type by monotypy. Limanda vulgaris Gottsche an unneeded replacement for P. limanda Nilsson; apparently the species goes back to Pleuronectes limanda Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Pseudopleuronectes Bleeker 1862 -- (Li & Wang 1995:241 [ref. 16193]). •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subgenus Limanda -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:113, 116 [ref. 21500]). •Valid as Limanda Gottsche 1835 -- (Norman 1934:333 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:624 [ref. 6885], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Sakamoto in Masuda et al. 1984:352 [ref. 6441], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1302 [ref. 13677], Rass 1996:570 [ref. 24656], Cooper & Chapleau 1998:715 [ref. 26711], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:821 [ref. 25968], Evseenko 2003:S63 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:8 [ref. 27606], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:131 [ref. 31212], n Masuda et al. 1984:352 [ref. 6441], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1302 [ref. 13677], Rass 1996:570 [ref. 24656], Cooper & Chapleau 1998:715 [ref. 26711], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:821 [ref. 25968], Evseenko 2003:S63 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:8 [ref. 27606], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:131 [ref. 31212], Parin et al. 2014:535 [ref. 33547], Pietsch & Orr 2015:69 [ref. 34694], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:229 [ref. 34440], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:196 [ref. 35257], Vinnikov et al. 2018:159 [ref. 35844]). Current status: Valid as Limanda Gottsche 1835. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Limandella (subgenus of Limanda) Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] 1906:204 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 31 (no. 1484); ref. 2532] Fem. Pleuronectes yokohamae Günther 1877. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758 -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:113 [ref. 21500]). •Synonym of Pseudopleuronectes Bleeker 1862 -- (Norman 1934:342 [ref. 6893], Li & Wang 1995:241 [ref. 16193], Evseenko 2003:S68 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:13 [ref. 27606], Parin et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudopleuronectes Bleeker 1862. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Liopsetta Gill [T. N.] 1864:217 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 1704] Fem. Platessa glabra Storer 1843. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subgenus Liopsetta -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:113, 117 [ref. 21500]). •Valid as Liopsetta Gill 1864 -- (Norman 1934:368 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:625 [ref. 6885], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Sakamoto in Masuda et al. 1984:353 [ref. 6441], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1303 [ref. 13677], Li & Wang 1995:246 [ref. 16193], Rass 1996:570 [ref. 24656], Dorofeeva 1998:158 [ref. 23573], Voronina & Evseenko 2001:442 [ref. 25618], Evseenko 2003:S65 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:9 [ref. 27606], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:241 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:592 [ref. 29996], Voronina & Chanet 2014:43 [ref. 33419], Parin et al. 2014:538 [ref. 33547], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:235 [ref. 34440], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:198 [ref. 35257], Vinnikov et al. 2018:160 [ref. 35844]). Current status: Valid as Liopsetta Gill 1864. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Lophopsetta Gill [T. N.] 1861:51 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13 (Suppl.); ref. 1766] Fem. Pleuronectes maculatus Mitchill 1814. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Norman 1934:262 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:616 [ref. 6885], Evseenko 2003:S58 [ref. 28535]). Current status: Synonym of Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810. Scophthalmidae.

Microchirus (subgenus of Solea) Bonaparte [C. L.] 1833:puntata 27 [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 516] Masc. Pleuronectes microchirus Delaroche 1809. Type by absolute tautonymy. Type possibly Pleuronectes mangili Risso, by monotypy in puntata 27-- the name adopted by Bonaparte; microchirus in synonymy of mangili. Also published in puntata 28. •Valid as Microchirus Bonaparte 1833 -- (Torchio 1973:632 [ref. 6892], Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. 1986:1313 [ref. 13677], Desoutter 1987 [ref. 6742], Chapleau & Keast 1988:2799 [ref. 12625], Desoutter 1994:217 [ref. 22326], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:74 [ref. 36649], Parin et al. 2014:548 [ref. 33547], Fricke et al. 2018:372 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Microchirus Bonaparte 1833. Soleidae.

Monochirus Oken [L.] (ex Cuvier) 1817:1182a [Isis (Oken) v. 1 (pt 8) (no. 148); ref. 3303] Masc. Pleuronectes microchirus Delaroche 1809. Type by monotypy. Based on "Monochires" Cuvier 1816:223 [ref. 993]. See Gill 1903:966 [ref. 5768]. •Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte 1833. Current status: Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte 1833. Soleidae.

Myzopsetta Gill [T. N.] 1861:51 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13 (Suppl.); ref. 1766] Fem. Platessa ferruginea Storer 1839. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan & Evermann 1898:2644 [ref. 2445]. •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758 -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:113 [ref. 21500]). •Synonym of Limanda Gottsche 1835 -- (Evseenko 2003:S64 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:8 [ref. 27606], Parin et al. 2014:535 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Myzopsetta Gill 1861 -- (Vinnikov et al. 2018:160 [ref. 35844]). Current status: Valid as Myzopsetta Gill 1861. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Paralichthys Girard [C. F.] 1858:146 [General report upon zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes, 1857; ref. 4911] Masc. Pleuronectes maculosus Girard 1854. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Paralichthys Girard 1858 -- (Norman 1934:69 [ref. 6893], Gutherz 1967:8 [ref. 23862], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:459 [ref. 14275], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:642 [ref. 13641], Amaoka in Masuda et al. 1984:346 [ref. 6441], Pequeño & Plaza 1987 [ref. 6629], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:18 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:116 [ref. 16193], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:473 [ref. 24550], Munroe 2003:1900 [ref. 27118], Evseenko 2003:S58 [ref. 28535], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2006:235 [ref. 28684], Mabragaña et al. 2011:10 [ref. 31800], Parin et al. 2014:524 [ref. 33547], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:194 [ref. 35257], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:1 [ref. 36025]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys Girard 1858. Paralichthyidae.

Paraplagusia Bleeker [P.] 1865:274 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 2; ref. 415] Fem. Pleuronectes bilineatus Bloch 1787. Type by subsequent designation. Two included species, earliest subsequent type designation not researched; bilineata listed by Jordan 1919:336 [ref. 4904] as type. •Valid as Paraplagusia Bleeker 1865 -- (Menon 1980 [ref. 6798], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:355 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:867 [ref. 5660], Desoutter 1986:433 [ref. 6212], Chapleau 1988 [ref. 13819] as Parapaglusia, Ataur Rahman 1989:31 [ref. 24860], Chapleau et al. 1991 [ref. 19032], Chapleau & Renaud 1993 [ref. 21017], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:224 [ref. 21500], Kim & Choi 1994:809 [ref. 22283], Li & Wang 1995:325 [ref. 16193], Munroe 2001:3892 [ref. 26314], Ataur Rahman 2003:46 [ref. 31338], Hoese & Bray 2006:1856 [ref. 29000], Kottelat 2013:468 [ref. 32989], Munroe & Kong 2016:10 [ref. 34480], Lee et al. 2016:[1] [ref. 34740], Fricke et al. 2018:374 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:176 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:319 [ref. 36673], Fricke et al. 2023:22 [ref. 40708]). Current status: Valid as Paraplagusia Bleeker 1865. Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae.

Parophrys Girard [C. F.] 1854:139 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 1817] Fem. Parophrys vetulus Girard 1854. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758 -- (Sakamoto 1984:95 [ref. 5273], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:113 [ref. 21500], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:821 [ref. 25968]). •Valid as Parophrys Girard 1854 -- (Norman 1934:328 [ref. 6893], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Rass 1996:570 [ref. 24656], Cooper & Chapleau 1998:713 [ref. 26711], Evseenko 2004:11 [ref. 27606], Pietsch & Orr 2015:71 [ref. 34694], Vinnikov et al. 2018:160 [ref. 35844]). Current status: Valid as Parophrys Girard 1854. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Plagusia Cuvier [G.] (ex Browne) 1816:224 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Fem. Pleuronectes plagusia of Bloch & Schneider (not Linnaeus) 1801. Type not fully researched. Apparently objectively invalid; preoccupied by Plagusia Latreille 1804 in Crustacea. •Synonym of Symphurus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Torchio 1973:635 [ref. 6892], Fricke et al. 2023:25 [ref. 40708]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Symphurus Rafinesque 1810. Cynoglossidae: Symphurinae.

Platessa Cuvier [G.] 1816:220 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Fem. Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy. On Offical List (Direction 33). •Objective synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758 -- (Nielsen 1973:623 [ref. 6885], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:112 [ref. 21500], Evseenko 2003:S67 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:12 [ref. 27606], Parin et al. 2014:542 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Platysomatichthys Bleeker [P.] 1862:425 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 13; ref. 388] Masc. Pleuronectes pinguis Fabricius 1824. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Reinhardtius Gill 1861 -- (Norman 1934:288 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:627 [ref. 6885], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:73 [ref. 21500], Evseenko 2003:S69 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:14 [ref. 27606]). Current status: Synonym of Reinhardtius Gill 1861. Pleuronectidae: Hippoglossinae.

Pleuronectes Linnaeus [C.] 1758:268 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Masc. Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated first by Bory de Saint-Vincent, v. 14, 1828:58, 65 [ref. 3853] (see Whitley 1935:137 [ref. 6396]). On Official List (Direction 33). Name spelled Plueronectes by Low 1813:212 [ref. 30345]. •Valid as Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758 -- (Norman 1934:348 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:623 [ref. 6885], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Sakamoto 1984:209 [ref. 5273], Sakamoto in Masuda et al. 1984:353 [ref. 6441], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1305 [ref. 13677], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:112 [ref. 21500], Rass 1996:569 [ref. 24656] with restricted definition, Dorofeeva 1998:160 [ref. 23573], Cooper & Chapleau 1998:716 [ref. 26711], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:820 [ref. 25968], Evseenko 2003:S67 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:12 [ref. 27606], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:243 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:592 [ref. 29996], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:73 [ref. 36649], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:131 [ref. 31212], Shinohara et al. 2011:57 [ref. 31715], Parin et al. 2014:542 [ref. 33547], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:199 [ref. 35257], Vinnikov et al. 2018:160 [ref. 35844]). Current status: Valid as Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Pluviopsetta Tanaka [S.] 1916:141 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 28 (no. 330); ref. 4326] Fem. Pluviopsetta taniguchii Tanaka 1916. Type by monotypy. •Questionably a synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758 -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:113 [ref. 21500]). •Incertae sedis in Pleuronectidae -- (Evseenko 2004:23 [ref. 27606]). Current status: Uncertain as Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Psetta Swainson [W.] 1839:187, 302 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Fem. Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Psetta Swainson 1839 -- (Nielsen 1973:618 [ref. 6885], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1290 [ref. 13677], Evseenko 2003:S57 [ref. 28535], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:240 [ref. 28183], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:72 [ref. 36649]). •Synonym of Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Norman 1934:262 [ref. 6893], Bailly & Chanet 2010:260 [ref. 31030], Parin et al. 2014:522 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810. Scophthalmidae.

Pseudopleuronectes Bleeker [P.] 1862:428 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 13; ref. 388] Masc. Pleuronectes planus Mitchill 1814. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subgenus Pseudopleuronectes -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:113, 116 [ref. 21500]). •Valid as Pseudopleuronectes Bleeker 1862 -- (Norman 1934:342 [ref. 6893], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Li & Wang 1995:241 [ref. 16193], Rass 1996:570 [ref. 24656], Cooper & Chapleau 1998:716 [ref. 26711], Evseenko 2003:S68 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:13 [ref. 27606], Parin et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33547], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:199 [ref. 35257], Vinnikov et al. 2018:160 [ref. 35844] with author Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Valid as Pseudopleuronectes Bleeker 1862. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Quenselia (subgenus of Monochirus) Jordan [D. S.] in Jordan & Goss 1889:306 (in key) [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner v. 14 (for 1886) (art. 2); ref. 2482] Fem. Pleuronectes ocellatus Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Monochirus Rafinesque 1814 and of Dicologlossa Chabanaud 1930 -- (Torchio 1973:631, 632; type evidently a composite). Current status: Synonym of Monochirus Rafinesque 1814. Soleidae.

Reinhardtius Gill [T. N.] 1861:50 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13 (Suppl.); ref. 1766] Masc. Pleuronectes cynoglossus of Fabricius (not of Linneaus) 1780. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Reinhardtius Gill 1861 -- (Norman 1934:288 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:627 [ref. 6885], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Sakamoto 1984:208 [ref. 5273], Sakamoto in Masuda et al. 1984:351 [ref. 6441], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1306 [ref. 13677], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:73 [ref. 21500], Cooper & Chapleau 1998:701 [ref. 26711], Suzuki et al. 2001:39 [ref. 25386], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:820 [ref. 25968], Evseenko 2003:S69 [ref. 28535], Evseenko 2004:14 [ref. 27606], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:131 [ref. 31212], Parin et al. 2014:546 [ref. 33547], Vinnikov et al. 2018:159 [ref. 35844]). Current status: Valid as Reinhardtius Gill 1861. Pleuronectidae: Hippoglossinae.

Rhomboides Goldfuss [G. A.] 1820:73 [Handbuch der Zoologie 2 parts; ref. 1829] Masc. Pleuronectes rhombus Linnaeus 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Apparently an unneeded substitute for Rhombus Cuvier. •Objective synonym of Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Norman 1934:262 [ref. 6893]). Current status: Synonym of Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810. Scophthalmidae.

Rhombus Cuvier [G.] 1816:222 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Masc. Pleuronectes rhombus Linnaeus 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Rhombus da Costa 1776 in Mollusca [but Costa 1776 can be regarded as non-binomial -- G. Rosenberg, pers. comm. 6/3/2009]. •In the synonymy of Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Norman 1934:262 [ref. 6893]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810. Scophthalmidae.

Scophthalmus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:14, 53 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Masc. Pleuronectes rhombus Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan 1917:82 [ref. 2407]. •Synonym of Girardinichthys Bleeker 1860, but a valid subgenus Scophthalmus -- (Radda & Meyer 2003:7 [ref. 27522]). •Valid as Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Norman 1934:262 [ref. 6893], Gutherz 1967:45 [ref. 23862], Nielsen 1973:616 [ref. 6885], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:640 [ref. 13641], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1291 [ref. 13677], Munroe 2003:1896 [ref. 27118], Chanet 2003:280 [ref. 27526], Evseenko 2003:S58 [ref. 28535], Bailly & Chanet 2010:260 [ref. 31030], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:72 [ref. 36649], Voronina 2010:695 [ref. 31094], Parin et al. 2014:522 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810. Scophthalmidae.

Solea Quensel [C.] 1806:53 [Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, Stockholm v. 27; ref. 3569] Fem. Solea vulgaris Quensel 1806 (= Pleuronectes solea Linnaeus 1758). Type by monotypy. Linnaeus' species solea needlessly renamed vulgaris by Quensel. •Valid as Solea Quensel 1806 -- (Torchio 1973:628 [ref. 6892], Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. 1986:1318 [ref. 13677], Heemstra & Gon 1986:873 [ref. 5665], Desoutter 1986:431 [ref. 6212], Randall & McCarthy 1989 [ref. 14260], Ben-Tuvia 1990 [ref. 15614], Feng in Pan et al. 1991:530 [ref. 23876], Desoutter in Lévêque et al. 1992:863 [ref. 21590], Li & Wang 1995:272 [ref. 16193], Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314], Evseenko 2003:S70 [ref. 28535], Vachon et al. 2008:9 [ref. 29607], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:74 [ref. 36649], Golani et al. 2014:319 [ref. 22139], Parin et al. 2014:549 [ref. 33547], Motomura et al. 2017:225 [ref. 35490], Golani & Fricke 2018:175 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Valid as Solea Quensel 1806. Soleidae.

Solea Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:14, 52 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Fem. Solea buglossa Rafinesque 1810 (= Pleuronectes solea Linnaeus 1758). Type is solea by absolute tautonymy; Rafinesque's S. buglossa is an unneeded replacement for P. solea Linnaeus. •In the synonymy of Solea Quensel 1806. Current status: Synonym of Solea Quensel 1806. Soleidae.

Solea Cuvier [G.] 1816:223 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Fem. Pleuronectes solea Linnaeus 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy. •Synonym of Solea Quensel 1806. Current status: Synonym of Solea Quensel 1806. Soleidae.

Spanius Gistel [J.] 1848:IX [Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs; ref. 1822] Masc. Leptosoma ater Nardo 1827. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Leptosoma Nardo 1827, preoccupied by Leptosoma Leach 1819 in Crustacea. •Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758. Pleuronectidae: Pleuronectinae.

Sphagomorus Cope [E. D.] 1867:407 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 18027] Masc. Pleuronectes erumei Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Psettodes Bennett 1831 -- (Norman 1934:57 [ref. 6893], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:11 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:100 [ref. 16193]). Current status: Synonym of Psettodes Bennett 1831. Psettodidae.

Symboulichthys Chabanaud [P.] 1927:76 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 52 (no. 2); ref. 5135] Masc. Platophrys maculifer Jordan & Goss 1889 (= Pleuronectes maculiferus Poey 1860). Type by monotypy. Species treated as Symboulichthys maculifer (Jordan & Goss) with Poey's species questionably in synonymy, but maculifer Jordan & Goss is not an original description. •Synonym of Bothus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Norman 1934:220 [ref. 6893], Amaoka 1969:161 [ref. 105], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:44 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:206 [ref. 16193]). Current status: Synonym of Bothus Rafinesque 1810. Bothidae.

Synaptura Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1204 [222] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Fem. Pleuronectes orientalis Swainson 1839 (= Pleuronectes orientalis Bloch & Schneider 1801). Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Brachirus Swainson 1839 [p. 303, not p. 71, a scorpaenid], not preoccupied by Brachyurus [and not preoccupied by Brachirus Swainson in Scorpaenidae]. On page 222 of separate. •Synonym of Brachirus Swainson 1839 -- (Desoutter et al. 2001:326 [ref. 25559] but stating that they will petition the ICZN to retain Synaptura with a different type species). •Valid as Synaptura Cantor 1849 -- (Torchio 1973:634 [ref. 6892], Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:354 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Gon 1986:873 [ref. 5665], Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. 1986:1323 [ref. 13677], Desoutter 1986:431 [ref. 6212], Kottelat 1989:20 [ref. 13605], Ataur Rahman 1989:27 [ref. 24860], Desoutter in Lévêque et al. 1992:864 [ref. 21590], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:187 [ref. 21500], Gomon et al. 1994:861 [ref. 22532], Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314]). •Synonym of Brachirus Swainson 1839 -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:1844 [ref. 29000]). •In the synonymy of Dagetichthys Stauch & Blanc 1964 -- (Vachon et al. 2008:9 [ref. 32765]). Current status: Synonym of Dagetichthys Stauch & Blanc 1964. Soleidae.

Tephrinectes Günther [A.] 1862:475 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 10 (no. 60); ref. 1971] Masc. Pleuronectes sinensis Lacepède 1802. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Tephritis Günther 1862, preoccupied by Tephritis Fabricius 1794 in Diptera; Velifracta Jordan 1907 is a later replacement name. •Valid as Tephrinectes Günther 1862 -- (Norman 1934:62 [ref. 6893], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:642 [ref. 13641], Feng in Pan et al. 1991:524 [ref. 23876], Li & Wang 1995:113 [ref. 16193], Hoshino & Amaoka 1998:69 [ref. 23353], Kottelat 2013:463 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Tephrinectes Günther 1862. Paralichthyidae.

Tephritis Günther [A.] 1862:406 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Fem. Pleuronectes sinensis Lacepède 1802. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Tephritis Fabricius 1794 in Diptera, replaced by Tephrinectes Günther 1862 and later by Velifracta Jordan 1907. •In the synonymy of Tephrinectes Günther 1862 -- (Norman 1934:62 [ref. 6893], Li & Wang 1995:113 [ref. 16193], Kottelat 2013:463 [ref. 32989]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Tephrinectes Günther 1862. Paralichthyidae.

Velifracta Jordan [D. S.] 1907:239 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 32 (no. 1523); ref. 2401] Fem. Pleuronectes sinensis Lacepède 1802. Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded replacement for Tephritis Günther 1862, preoccupied by Tephritis Fabricius 1794 in Diptera and by Tephritis Latreille 1804, but earlier replaced by Tephrinectes Günther 1862. •Objective synonym of Tephrinectes Günther 1862 -- (Norman 1934:62 [ref. 6893], Kottelat 2013:463 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Tephrinectes Günther 1862. Paralichthyidae.

Zeugopterus Gottsche [C. M.] 1835:178 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 2 (pt 2, no. 2); ref. 1862] Masc. Pleuronectes hirtus Müller 1789. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Zeugopterus Gottsche 1835 -- (Norman 1934:279 [ref. 6893], Nielsen 1973:619 [ref. 6885], Ahlstrom et al. 1984:640 [ref. 13641], Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1292 [ref. 13677], Chanet 2003:281 [ref. 27526], Voronina 2010:695 [ref. 31094], Parin et al. 2014:524 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Zeugopterus Gottsche 1835. Scophthalmidae.