Genera that contain: Squalus [ 94 ] records

Acanthias Leach [W. E.] 1818:62 [Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, Edinburgh v. 2 (art. 5); ref. 12565] Masc. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758. Brief description; one unavailable species antiquorum mentioned on p. 64. Addition of available species not researched. Type as given by Compagno. •Objective synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (see Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758. Squalidae.

Acanthias Risso [A.] 1827:131 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Masc. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Apparently an unneeded replacement for Squalus Linnaeus; A. vulgaris Risso is an unneeded substitute for the species S. acanthias Linnaeus. •Objective synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:37 [ref. 7165], Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474], Viana et al. 2016:8 [ref. 34525]). Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758. Squalidae.

Acanthias Bonaparte [C. L.] 1838:206 [Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali e rendiconto dei lavori dell'Accademia della Scienze dell'Instituto di Bologna con appendice agraria. Bologna v. 2; ref. 4979] Masc. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy of included junior synonym. Also appeared in Bonaparte 1846:15 [ref. 519]. Same as Acanthias Risso, but Risso not cited by Bonaparte. •Objective synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758. Squalidae.

Acanthias Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.] (ex Bonaparte) 1839:83 [Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen; ref. 3069] Masc. Acanthias vulgaris Risso 1827. Type by absolute tautonymy of included junior synonym. Same as Acanthias Risso, but Risso not cited by Bonaparte or Müller & Henle. See also Acanthias Bonaparte 1846. Based on manuscript by C.L. Bonaparte. •Objective synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758. Squalidae.

Acanthorhinus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville [H. de] 1816:121 [Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris v. 8; ref. 306] Masc. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Bory de Saint-Vincent, v. 1, 1822:41 [ref. 3853] (see Whitley 1935:137 [ref. 6396]). •Objective synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:37 [ref. 7165], Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474], Viana et al. 2016:8 [ref. 34525]). Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758. Squalidae.

Alopecias Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.] 1837:114 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1837; ref. 3067] Masc. Squalus vulpes Gmelin 1789. Type by monotypy. Also in Müller & Henle 1838:84 [ref. 3068]. Also appeared in Müller & Henle 1839:74 [ref. 3069] in synonymy of Alopias. •In the synonymy of Alopias Rafinesque 1810 -- (Springer 1973:17 [ref. 7162], Compagno 1984:229 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:80 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Alopias Rafinesque 1810. Alopiidae.

Aodon Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1798:297 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 1; ref. 2708] Masc. Squalus massasa Forsskål 1775. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan & Evermann 1896:91 [ref. 2443]. Available as above (with 3 species). Anodon Agassiz 1846:24, 27 [ref. 64] is an unjustified emendation. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:154 [ref. 30464]. See also Whitley 1936:165 [ref. 6075]. Current status: Uncertain. Mobulidae.

Aprionodon Gill [T. N.] 1861:59 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13 (Suppl.); ref. 1766] Masc. Squalus punctatus Mitchill 1815. Type by monotypy. Also in Gill 1862:411 [ref. 4910]. •Synonym of Carcharhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Compagno 1973:23 [ref. 7163], Daget 1984:2 [ref. 6170], Compagno 1984:449 [ref. 6846], Garrick 1985:1 [ref. 5654], Cappetta 1987:121 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:307 [ref. 13488], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:47 [ref. 24550], Carvalho & McEachran in Reis et al. 2003:13 [ref. 27061], Voigt & Weber 2011:14 [ref. 31424], Kottelat 2013:20 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Carcharhinus Blainville 1816. Carcharhinidae.

Borborodes Gistel [J.] 1848:X [Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs; ref. 1822] Masc. Squalus americanus Gmelin 1789. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Scymnus Cuvier, preoccupied in Coeloptera. Barborodes is a misspelling. •Synonym of Dalatias Rafinesque 1810 -- (Compagno 1984:63 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:62 [ref. 6348]). Current status: Synonym of Dalatias Rafinesque 1810. Dalatiidae.

Boreogaleus Gill [T. N.] 1862:400, 402 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 7 (art. 32); ref. 1783] Masc. Squalus arcticus Faber 1829. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Also in Gill 1862:411 [ref. 4910]. •Objective synonym of Galeocerdo Müller & Henle 1837 -- (Compagno 1973:26 [ref. 7163], Compagno 1984:503 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:279 [ref. 13488]). Current status: Synonym of Galeocerdo Müller & Henle 1837. Galeocerdonidae.

Carcharhinus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville [H. de] 1816:121 [Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris v. 8; ref. 306] Masc. Carcharias melanopterus Quoy & Gaimard 1824. Genus placed on Official List (Opinion 723). Carcharorhinus Agassiz 1846:65 [ref. 64], and Carcharinus Cloquet 1817:7 [ref. 852] placed on the Official Index. Type confirmed by the ICZN. •Valid as Carcharhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Compagno 1973:23 [ref. 7163], Garrick 1982 [ref. 5454], Daget 1984:2 [ref. 6170], Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:102 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:449 [ref. 6846], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:6 [ref. 6441], Bass et al. 1986:68 [ref. 5638], Cappetta 1987:121 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:307 [ref. 13488], Paxton et al. 1989:75 [ref. 12442], Séret in Lévêque et al. 1990:58 [ref. 21589], Allen 1991:35 [ref. 21090], Gomon et al. 1994:120 [ref. 22532], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:47 [ref. 24550], Compagno 1999:483 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2003:469 [ref. 26984], Carvalho & McEachran in Reis et al. 2003:13 [ref. 27061], Compagno et al. 2005:34 [ref. 29145], Hoese et al. 2006:97 [ref. 29001], Carvalho et al. 2007:145 [ref. 30011], White 2008:67 [ref. 30617], Kimura 2009:11 [ref. 30426], Coad 2010:72 [ref. 36620], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:9 [ref. 36649], White et al. 2010:17 [ref. 30847], Diggers et al. 2011:65 [ref. 31402], Voigt & Weber 2011:32 [ref. 31424], Castro 2011:388 [ref. 31457], Marshall 2011:267 [ref. 31755], Hoyos-Padilla et al. 2012:15 [ref. 31760], Moore et al. 2012:7 [ref. 31771], White 2012:3 [ref. 31843], Weigmann 2012:2 [ref. 31968], Garibaldi & Orsi Relini 2012:399 [ref. 32859], Kottelat 2013:20 [ref. 32989], Angulo et al. 2013:989 [ref. 33194], White & Weigmann 2014:71 [ref. 33352], Parin et al. 2014:23 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:858 [ref. 34062], Duffy 2015:100 [ref. 34217], Dyldin 2015:52 [ref. 34524], Duffy 2016:97 [ref. 34514], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:545 [ref. 34656], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:88 [ref. 34398], Duffy & Scott 2016:187 [ref. 34780], Esmaeili et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35254], Motomura et al. 2017:21 [ref. 35490], White et al. 2017:126 [ref. 35860], Fricke et al. 2018:12 [ref. 35805], Dyldin & Orlov 2018:164 [ref. 35920], Ehemann et al. 2018:21 [ref. 36194], Esmaeili et al. 2018:6 [ref. 36089], Golani & Fricke 2018:10 [ref. 36273], White & Ko'ou 2018:31 [ref. 35922], White et al. 2019:1 [ref. 36436], Brown et al. 2019:153 [ref. 36444], Fricke et al. 2019:39 [ref. 36673], Ebert et al. 2021:60 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Carcharhinus Blainville 1816. Carcharhinidae.

Carcharias Gistel [J.] 1848:VIII, 103 [Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs; ref. 1822] Masc. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded replacement for Acanthias [Risso] with species vulgaris, not preoccupied by Acanthia of early authors; Carcharias Gistel itself preoccupied by Rafinesque 1810 in fishes. •Objective synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758. Squalidae.

Carcharodon Smith [A.] in Müller & Henle 1838:37 [Magazine of Natural History [E. Charlesworth, ed.] (n.s.) v. 2 (art. 7); ref. 3066] Masc. Squalus carcharias Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent monotypy. On Official List (Opinion 723). Also appeared in Müller & Henle 1839:70 [ref. 3069] who added Carcharodon rondeletii Müller & Henle 1839 as type and only known species; however, Opinion 723 (1965) fixed Squalus carcharias Linnaeus 1758, through Carcharias lamia Rafinesque 1810, as type species by subsequent monotypy. •Valid as Carcharodon Smith 1838 -- (Springer 1973:13 [ref. 7162], Quéro in Whitehead et al. 1984:83 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:238 [ref. 6474], Bass 1986:98 [ref. 5635], Cappetta 1987:94 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:66 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:141 [ref. 22532], Compagno 1999:478 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2001:98 [ref. 26323], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:75 [ref. 25968], Compagno 2003:434 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:18 [ref. 29145], Hoese & Gates 2006:77 [ref. 28997], White 2008:39 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:6 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:256 [ref. 31457], Mollen et al. 2012:31 [ref. 32005], Parin et al. 2014:19 [ref. 33547], Duffy 2015:71 [ref. 34217], Dyldin 2015:45 [ref. 34524], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:545 [ref. 34656], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:75 [ref. 34398], Fricke et al. 2018:9 [ref. 35805], Dyldin & Orlov 2018:163 [ref. 35920], Ehemann et al. 2018:21 [ref. 36194], Stone & Shimada 2019:633 [ref. 37195], Ebert et al. 2021:43 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Carcharodon Smith 1838. Lamnidae.

Catulus (subgenus of Scyllium) Smith [A.] (ex Willoughby) 1838:85 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (pt. 5) for 12 Sept. 1839 (no. 57); ref. 4034] Masc. Squalus canicula Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Earliest type designation not researched. Type apparently not capense Smith as given by Jordan 1919:190 [ref. 2410] (not an included available species in Smith 1838) and the same applies to Jordan & Evermann 1896:23 [ref. 2443] in listing stellaris as type. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Catulus Kniphof 1759 in insects. •In the synonymy of Scyliorhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Springer 1979:123 [ref. 4175], Compagno 1984:355 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:119 [ref. 13488]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Scyliorhinus Blainville 1816. Scyliorhinidae.

Centrina Cuvier [G.] 1816:130 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Fem. Squalus centrina Linnaeus 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy (but possibly by monotypy). Centrina also was used by Risso 1827:135 and others, possibly independently described [not investigated]. Swainson 1838 spelled as Centrinus, possibly independently selected. Also appeared as new (sensu Athenaeus) in Billberg 1833:52 [ref. 34146]; see Kullander 2016:109 [ref. 34147]. •Objective synonym of Oxynotus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:35 [ref. 7165], Compagno 1984:124 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:59 [ref. 6348]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynotus Rafinesque 1810. Oxynotidae.

Centrophorus Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.] 1837:115 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1837; ref. 3067] Masc. Squalus granulosus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by monotypy. Dates to Müller & Henle as above. Also in Müller & Henle 1838:89 [ref. 3066]. Also in Müller & Henle 1839:88 [ref. 3069]. •Valid as Centrophorus Müller & Henle 1837 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:38 [ref. 7165], McEachran & Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:130 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:35 [ref. 6474], Bass et al. 1986:49 [ref. 5636], Cappetta 1987:53 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:30 [ref. 12442], Muñoz-Chápuli & Ramos 1989 [ref. 12834], Gomon et al. 1994:92 [ref. 22532], Compagno 1999:472 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2003:388 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:51 [ref. 29145], Hoese & Gates 2006:150 [ref. 28997], Bañón et al. 2008:411 [ref. 29595], White et al. 2008:1 [ref. 29674], White 2008:85 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:10 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:69 [ref. 31457], White & Last 2013:230 [ref. 33242], Veríssimo et al. 2014:803 [ref. 35474], Duffy et al. 2015:134 [ref. 34222], Bañón et al. 2016:297 [ref. 34397], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:59 [ref. 34398], Ehemann et al. 2018:23 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:19 [ref. 35805], White et al. 2017:86 [ref. 35673], White et al. 2018:42 [ref. 35860], White & Ko'ou 2018:12 [ref. 35922], Fricke et al. 2019:43 [ref. 36673], Ebert et al. 2021:23 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Centrophorus Müller & Henle 1837. Centrophoridae.

Cestracion Bosc [L. A. G.] (ex Cuvier) 1816:598 [Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle v. 1-36; ref. 5126] Squalus philippi Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by subsequent monotypy. Also latinized as Cestracion by Oken (ex Cuvier) 1817:Cestracio by Cloquet 1817:20 [ref. 852], and Cestralion by Müller & Henle 1838:85 [ref. 3068]. Cestracion Gray 1831:5 [ref. 1880] is not an original genus description [contra Compagno 2001:34 [ref. 26323]]. •Objective synonym of Heterodontus Blainville 1816 -- (Compagno 1984:155 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:70 [ref. 6348], Compagno 2001:34 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Heterodontus Blainville 1816. Heterodontidae.

Cestracion Gill [T. N.] (ex Klein) 1862:403 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 7 (art. 32); ref. 1783] Neut. Squalus zygaena Linnaeus 1758. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Spelled Cestralion by Müller & Henle 1838:85 [ref. 3068]. •Objective synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 -- (Compagno 1984:541 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:362 [ref. 13488]). Current status: Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. Sphyrnidae.

Cestracion Ogilby [J. D.] (ex Walbaum after Klein) 1916:81 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 5; ref. 3295] Neut. Squalus zygaena Linnaeus 1758. Type by original designation (name in parentheses). Validates Cestracion Walbaum 1792 (rejected work). Appears to have been described independently of Gill 1862. •Objective synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. Current status: Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. Sphyrnidae.

Cestrorhinus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville [H. de] 1816:121 [Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris v. 8; ref. 306] Masc. Squalus zygaena Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan & Evermann 1896:43 [ref. 2443], also by Fowler 1911:77 [ref. 6398]. •Objective synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 -- (Gilbert 1967:10 [ref. 21135], Gilbert 1973:32 [ref. 7164], Compagno 1984:541 [ref. 6846], Cappetta 1987:127 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:362 [ref. 13488]). Current status: Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. Sphyrnidae.

Cetorhinus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville [H. de] 1816:121 [Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris v. 8; ref. 306] Masc. Squalus gunnerianus Blainville 1810 (= Squalus maximus Gunnerus 1765). Type by subsequent designation. Gill 1862:398 [ref. 1783] lists S. maximus Linn. [sic] as type (not an included species); designation dates to Jordan & Gilbert 1883:31 [ref. 2476] as gunneri = maximus. Spelled Ceterhinus and Ceteorhinus by Agassiz 1846:75 [ref. 64]. Cethorhinus is a misspelling. •Valid as Cetorhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Springer 1973:16 [ref. 7162], Quéro in Whitehead et al. 1984:89 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:233 [ref. 6474], Bass 1986:101 [ref. 5635], Cappetta 1987:107 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:66 [ref. 12442], Compagno 1990:367 [ref. 22349], Gomon et al. 1994:144 [ref. 22532], Compagno 1999:478 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2001:90 [ref. 26323], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:81 [ref. 25968], Compagno 2003:431 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:17 [ref. 29145], Hoese & Gates 2006:74 [ref. 28997], White 2008:43 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:6 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:249 [ref. 31457], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:115 [ref. 31212], Parin et al. 2014:18 [ref. 33547], Duffy 2015:69 [ref. 34217], Dyldin 2015:47 [ref. 34524], Pietsch & Orr 2015:13 [ref. 34694], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:75 [ref. 34398], Dyldin & Orlov 2018:163 [ref. 35920], Ehemann et al. 2018:21 [ref. 36194], Stone & Shimada 2019:633 [ref. 37195], Ebert et al. 2021:43 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Cetorhinus Blainville 1816. Cetorhinidae.

Crossorhinus Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.] 1837:113 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1837; ref. 3067] Masc. Squalus lobatus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by monotypy. Sometimes dated to Smith 1837:86 who spelled the genus Chrossorhinus. Also appeared in Müller & Henle 1838:21 [ref. 3069]. •Objective synonym of Orectolobus Bonaparte 1834 -- (Compagno 1984:180 [ref. 6474], Goto 2001:80 [ref. 25912], Compagno 2001:153 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Orectolobus Bonaparte 1834. Orectolobidae.

Cynocephalus Gill [T. N.] (ex Klein) 1862:400, 401 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 7 (art. 32); ref. 1783] Masc. Squalus glaucus Linnaeus 1758. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Cynocephalus Boddaert 1768 and Cynocephalus Geoffroy St. Hilaire & Cuvier 1795 in Mammalia. •Synonym of Prionace Cantor 1849 -- (Compagno 1984:521 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:346 [ref. 13488]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Prionace Cantor 1849. Carcharhinidae.

Echinorhinus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville [H. de] 1816:121 [Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris v. 8; ref. 306] Masc. Squalus spinosus Gmelin 1789. Type by monotypy. Also spelled Echinorrhinus in early literature (e.g., Müller & Henle 1837:116 [ref. 3067]). •Valid as Echinorhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:45 [ref. 7165], McEachran & Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:138 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:25 [ref. 6474], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:11 [ref. 6441], Bass & Compagno 1986:63 [ref. 5637], Cappetta 1987:51 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:34 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:108 [ref. 22532], Compagno 1999:472 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2003:377 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:49 [ref. 29145], Hoese et al. 2006:138 [ref. 28999], White 2008:79 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:11 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:43 [ref. 31457], Stewart 2015:121 [ref. 34217], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:57 [ref. 34398], Ehemann et al. 2018:24 [ref. 36194], Kumar et al. 2018:292 [ref. 36178], Ebert et al. 2021:20 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Echinorhinus Blainville 1816. Echinorhinidae.

Emissola Jarocki [F. P.] 1822:448 [Zoologiia czyli zwiérzetopismo ogolne podlug náynowszego systematu ulozone v. 4; ref. 4984] Fem. Squalus mustelus Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type apparently first designated by Hubbs 1938:12 [ref. 5958]. •Objective synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790 -- (Compagno 1973:28 [ref. 7163], Compagno 1984:397 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:219 [ref. 13488], Heemstra 1997:896 [ref. 22976]). Current status: Synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790. Triakidae: Triakinae.

Entoxychirus Gill [T. N.] 1863:496, 498 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14 (for 1862); ref. 1671] Masc. Squalus uyato Rafinesque 1810. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Spelled Entoxychyrus by Duméril 1865:699 [ref. 1150]. •Synonym of Centrophorus Müller & Henle 1837 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:38 [ref. 7165], Compagno 1984:35 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:53 [ref. 6348], White et al. 2013:43 [ref. 33033]). Current status: Synonym of Centrophorus Müller & Henle 1837. Centrophoridae.

Eugaleus Gill [T. N.] 1864:148 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16 (no. 3); ref. 1697] Masc. Squalus galeus Linnaeus 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Galeus Cuvier 1816, preoccupied by Galeus Rafinesque 1810 in fishes. •Objective synonym of Galeorhinus Blainville 1816 after type restrictions -- (Compagno 1973:27 [ref. 7163], Compagno 1984:386 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:247 [ref. 13488]). Current status: Synonym of Galeorhinus Blainville 1816. Triakidae: Galeorhininae.

Exoles Gistel [J.] 1848:IX [Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs; ref. 1822] Masc. Squalus nasus Bonnaterre 1788. Type by being a replacement name. Proposed as replacement for Lamia Bonaparte, apparently not an original description, but in the synonymy of Lamna Cuvier. Gistel's name is unvailable if Bonaparte's Lamia is not regarded as an original description. •Synonym of Lamna Cuvier 1816 -- (Compagno 1984:246 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:117 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Lamna Cuvier 1816. Lamnidae.

Flakeus (subgenus of Squalus) Whitley [G. P.] 1939:242 [Australian Zoologist v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4695] Masc. Acanthias megalops Macleay 1881. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758. Squalidae.

Galeocerdo Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.] 1837:115 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1837; ref. 3067] Masc. Squalus arcticus Faber 1829. Type by subsequent designation. Also in Müller & Henle 1837:397 [ref. 13421]; in Bonaparte 1838:211 [p. 10 of separate, ref. 4979] where type is designated (see Bonaparte p. 2 of separate), and in Müller & Henle 1839:59 [ref. 3069]. •Valid as Galeocerdo Müller & Henle 1837 -- (Compagno 1973:26 [ref. 7163], Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:110 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:503 [ref. 6846], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:5 [ref. 6441], Bass et al. 1986:78 [ref. 5638], Cappetta 1987:123 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:279 [ref. 13488], Paxton et al. 1989:80 [ref. 12442], Randall 1992 [ref. 20251], Gomon et al. 1994:123 [ref. 22532], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:44 [ref. 24550], Compagno 1999:483 [ref. 25589], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:70 [ref. 25968], Compagno 2003:468 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:41 [ref. 29145], Hoese et al. 2006:103 [ref. 29001], White 2008:71[ref. 30617], Voigt & Weber 2011:31 [ref. 31424], Castro 2011:388 [ref. 31457], Moore et al. 2012:10 [ref. 31771], Duffy 2015:105 [ref. 34217], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:94 [ref. 34398], Motomura et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35490], White et al. 2017:182 [ref. 35860], Fricke et al. 2018:15 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:11 [ref. 36273], White & Ko'ou 2018:42 [ref. 35922]). Current status: Valid as Galeocerdo Müller & Henle 1837. Galeocerdonidae.

Galeorhinus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville [H. de] 1816:121 [Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris v. 8; ref. 306] Masc. Squalus galeus Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type apparently first designated by Gill 1862:402 [ref. 1783] as Galeorhinus galeus Blainville; Squalus canis and S. mustelus also listed as type by authors. •Valid as Galeorhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Compagno 1973:27 [ref. 7163], Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:118 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:386 [ref. 6846], Bass et al. 1986:78 [ref. 5638], Cappetta 1987:115 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:80 [ref. 12442], Herman et al. 1988:106 [ref. 13267], Compagno 1988:246 [ref. 13488], Gomon et al. 1994:127 [ref. 22532], Compagno 1999:481 [ref. 25589], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:73 [ref. 25968], Hoese et al. 2006:90 [ref. 28999], White 2008:64 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:8 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:357 [ref. 31457], Parin et al. 2014:22 [ref. 33547], Dyldin 2015:51 [ref. 34524], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:85 [ref. 34398], Ehemann et al. 2018:22 [ref. 36194], Ebert et al. 2021:55 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Galeorhinus Blainville 1816. Triakidae: Galeorhininae.

Galeus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:13 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Masc. Galeus melastomus Rafinesque 1810. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Fowler 1908:53 [ref. 6847]; Squalus mustelus as used by Jordan & Evermann 1896:29 [ref. 2443] not precise enough for type designation. Also appeared as new (sensu Aristoteles) in Billberg 1833:51 [ref. 34146]; see Kullander 2016:107 [ref. 34147]. •Valid as Galeus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Springer 1973:20 [ref. 7162], Nakaya 1975:40 [ref. 7083], Springer 1979:47 [ref. 4175], Quéro in Whitehead et al. 1984:97 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:306 [ref. 6846], Bass 1986:90 [ref. 5635], Séret 1987:18 [6267], Cappetta 1987:111 [ref. 6348], Tachikawa & Taniuchi 1987 [ref. 6712], Compagno 1988:134 [ref. 13488], Paxton et al. 1989:73 [ref. 12442], Compagno & Stevens 1993:172 [ref. 20843], Compagno 1999:479 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2003:447 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:25 [ref. 29145], Hoese et al. 2006:86 [ref. 28999], Gledhill et al. 2008:179 [ref. 29686], Séret & Last 2008:19 [ref. 29702], White 2008:62 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:7 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:292 [ref. 31457], Parin et al. 2014:21 [ref. 33547], Dyldin 2015:48 [ref. 34524], Bañón et al. 2016:300 [ref. 34397], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:80 [ref. 34398], White et al. 2016:255 [ref. 34956], White et al. 2017:110 [ref. 35860], Ehemann et al. 2018:22 [ref. 36194], White & Ko'ou 2018:27 [ref. 35922], Ebert et al. 2021:47 [ref. 38234], Ebert & Jang 2022:45 [ref. 39795]). Current status: Valid as Galeus Rafinesque 1810. Pentanchidae.

Galeus Leach [W. E.] 1818:62 [Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, Edinburgh v. 2 (art. 5); ref. 12565] Masc. Squalus mustelus Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. Independently described. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Galeus Rafinesque 1810 and Galeus Cuvier 1816. •Synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790 -- (Compagno 1984:397 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:219 [ref. 13488], Heemstra 1997:896 [ref. 22976]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790. Triakidae: Triakinae.

Galeus Garman [S.] 1913:145 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Masc. Squalus glaucus Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. Garman's use of Galeus Valmont de Bomare 1768 (not available, rejected work) creates the genus Galeus Garman 1913. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Galeus Rafinesque 1810 in fishes. •Synonym of Prionace Cantor 1849 -- (Compagno 1984:521 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:346 [ref. 13488]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Prionace Cantor 1849. Carcharhinidae.

Galeus (subgenus of Squalus) Cuvier [G.] 1816:127 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Masc. Squalus galeus Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Galeus Rafinesque 1810 in fishes (Scyliorhinidae). •Synonym of Galeorhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Compagno 1984:386 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:246 [ref. 13488], Gomon et al. 1994:137 [ref. 22532]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Galeorhinus Blainville 1816. Triakidae: Galeorhininae.

Ginglymostoma Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.] 1837:113 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1837; ref. 3067] Neut. Squalus cirratus Bonnaterre 1788. Type by subsequent designation. Dates to 1837:113 without species; species added by Müller & Henle 1838:22 [ref. 3069]. Type designated by Jordan & Gilbert 1883:18 [ref. 2476] (and possibly by Bonaparte 1839:11 of separate [ref. 4979]). Ginglimostoma, Gynglimostoma and Gingylostoma are misspellings. •Valid as Ginglymostoma Müller & Henle 1837 -- (Springer 1973:18 [ref. 7162], Quéro in Whitehead et al. 1984:93 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:204 [ref. 6474], Bass 1986:64 [ref. 5635], Cappetta 1987:79 [ref. 6348], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:42 [ref. 24550], Compagno 1999:477 [ref. 25589], Goto 2001:83 [ref. 25912], Compagno 2001:191 [ref. 26323], Compagno 2003:440 [ref. 26984], Castro 2011:183 [ref. 31457], Moore et al. 2012:12 [ref. 31771], Moral-Flores et al. 2015:48 [ref. 33728], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:70 [ref. 34398], Ehemann et al. 2018:20 [ref. 36194]). Current status: Valid as Ginglymostoma Müller & Henle 1837. Ginglymostomatidae.

Goniodus Agassiz [L.] 1836:94, 183, Pl. E [Recherches sur les poissons fossiles; ref. 13390] Masc. Squalus spinosus Gmelin 1789. Based on teeth. •Synonym of Echinorhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Compagno 1984:25 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:51 [ref. 6348]). Current status: Synonym of Echinorhinus Blainville 1816. Echinorhinidae.

Haploblepharus Garman [S.] 1913:101 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Masc. Squalus edwardsii Schinz 1822. Type by monotypy. Type species originally was given as Scyllium edwardsii Voigt 1832. The name Squalus edwardsii was attributed to Schinz 1822 in Opinion 2056; the name edwardsii had been spelled edwartsii by Schinz 1822, but edwardsii was ruled the correct spelling. •Valid as Haploblepharus Garman 1913 -- (Springer 1979:88 [ref. 4175], Compagno 1984:332 [ref. 6846], Bass 1986:91 [ref. 5635], Compagno 1988:148 [ref. 13488], Compagno 1999:480 [ref. 25589], Human & Compagno 2006:41, 43 [ref. 28823], Human 2007:1, 4 [ref. 29330], Ebert et al. 2021:48 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Haploblepharus Garman 1913. Pentanchidae.

Hemiscyllium Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.] 1838:34 [Magazine of Natural History [E. Charlesworth, ed.] (n.s.) v. 2 (art. 7); ref. 3066] Neut. Squalus ocellatus Bonnaterre 1788. Type by monotypy. Predates Hemiscyllium Müller & Henle in Smith (13 Feb. 1838), Müller & Henle apparently published 2 Jan. 1838; see Dingerkus & DeFino 1983:35 [ref. 5386]. Also in Müller & Henle 1838:83 [ref. 3068]. •Valid as Hemiscyllium Müller & Henle 1838 -- (Dingerkus & DeFino 1983:35 [ref. 5386], Compagno 1984:195 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:73 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:89 [ref. 12442], Compagno 1999:476 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2001:177 [ref. 26323], Goto 2001:81 [ref. 25912], Hoese et al. 2006:123 [ref. 29001], Allen & Erdmann 2008:94 [ref. 29476], Allen & Dudgeon 2010:20 [ref. 30713], Allen et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32791], Allen et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35399], White et al. 2018:72 [ref. 35860], White & Ko'ou 2018:19 [ref. 35922], Dudgeon et al. 2020:B [ref. 37271]). Current status: Valid as Hemiscyllium Müller & Henle 1838. Hemiscylliidae.

Heptanchus Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.] 1841:81 [Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen; ref. 3069] Masc. Squalus cinereus Gmelin 1789. Unjustified emendation of Heptranchias Rafinesque 1810. •Synonym of Heptranchias Rafinesque 1810. Unjustified Emend.. Current status: Synonym of Heptranchias Rafinesque 1810. Hexanchidae.

Heptranchias Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:13 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Masc. Squalus cinereus Gmelin 1789. Type by monotypy. Heptanchus Müller & Henle is an unjustified emendation. Spelled Heptranchus and Heptancus by authors. •Valid as Heptranchias Rafinesque 1810 -- (Boeseman 1973:8 [ref. 7161], Boeseman in Whitehead et al. 1984:72 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:17 [ref. 6474], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:3 [ref. 6441], Bass et al. 1986:45 [ref. 5638], Cappetta 1987:49 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:26 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:87 [ref. 22532], Herman et al. 1994:149 [ref. 27820], Compagno 1999:471 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2003:375 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:47 [ref. 29145], Hoese & Gates 2006:135 [ref. 28997], White 2008:76 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:5 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:27 [ref. 31457], Shinohara et al. 2011:38 [ref. 31715], Stewart 2015:116 [ref. 34217], Dyldin 2015:42 [ref. 34524], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:55 [ref. 34398], Ehemann et al. 2018:23 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:18 [ref. 35805], Kumar et al. 2018:290 [ref. 36178], Ebert et al. 2021:18 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Heptranchias Rafinesque 1810. Hexanchidae.

Heterodontus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville [H. de] 1816:121 [Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris v. 8; ref. 306] Masc. Squalus philippi Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Heterodontes by Gill 1862:403 [ref. 1783]. •Valid as Heterodontus Blainville 1816 -- (Taylor & Castro-Aguirre 1972 [ref. 7158], Compagno 1984:155 [ref. 6474], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:3 [ref. 6441], Bass 1986:48 [ref. 5635], Cappetta 1987:70 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:95 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:90 [ref. 22532], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:41 [ref. 24550], Compagno 1999:475 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2001:34 [ref. 26323], Compagno et al. 2005:15 [ref. 29145], Hoese & Gates 2006:60 [ref. 28997], White 2008:32 [ref. 30617], Castro 2011:174 [ref. 31457], Stewart 2015:56 [ref. 34215], Dyldin 2015:44 [ref. 34524], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:68 [ref. 34398], Motomura et al. 2017:19 [ref. 35490], Ehemann et al. 2018:20 [ref. 36194], White et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40295]). Current status: Valid as Heterodontus Blainville 1816. Heterodontidae.

Hexanchus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:14 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Masc. Squalus griseus Bonnaterre 1788. Type by monotypy. Hexancus Agassiz 1846:181 [ref. 64] is an unjustified emendation; spelled Hexanchias by Swainson 1838:148 [ref. 4302]. •Valid as Hexanchus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Boeseman 1973:8 [ref. 7161], Boeseman in Whitehead et al. 1984:73 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:19 [ref. 6474], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:3 [ref. 6441], Bass et al. 1986:46 [ref. 5638], Cappetta 1987:46 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:27 [ref. 12442], Taniuchi & Tachikawa 1991 [ref. 20094], Gomon et al. 1994:87 [ref. 22532], Herman et al. 1994:151 [ref. 27820], Compagno 1999:472 [ref. 25589], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:82 [ref. 25968], Compagno 2003:375 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:48 [ref. 29145], Hoese & Gates 2006:135 [ref. 28997], White 2008:77 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:5 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:27 [ref. 31457], Ebert et al. 2013:20 [ref. 33032], Stewart 2015:117 [ref. 34217], Dyldin 2015:42 [ref. 34524], Pietsch & Orr 2015:15 [ref. 34694], Bañón et al. 2016:297 [ref. 34397], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:55 [ref. 34398], White et al. 2017:34 [ref. 35860], Daly-Engel et al. 2018:1 [ref. 35806], Ehemann et al. 2018:23 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:18 [ref. 35805], Kumar et al. 2018:291 [ref. 36178], White & Ko'ou 2018:11 [ref. 35922], White et al. 2018:34 [ref. 35860], Ebert et al. 2021:18 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Hexanchus Rafinesque 1810. Hexanchidae.

Koinga (subgenus of Squalus) Whitley [G. P.] 1939:242 [Australian Zoologist v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4695] Fem. Squalus whitleyi Phillipps 1931. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus 1758. Squalidae.

Laemargus Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.] 1837:116 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1837; ref. 3067] Masc. Squalus borealis Scoresby 1820. Type by subsequent designation. Dates to Müller & Henle 1837:116 without species. Three species in Müller & Henle 1839:93 [ref. 3069]. Type apparently designated first by Jordan 1919:192 [ref. 2410]. Not mentioned in Yano et al. 2004 [ref. 28078]. •Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur 1818 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:46 [ref. 7165], Compagno 1984:102 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:62 [ref. 6348]). Current status: Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur 1818. Somniosidae.

Lamia Risso [A.] 1827:123 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Fem. Squalus cornubicus Gmelin 1789. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Lamia Edwards 1771 [not researched] and by Lamia Fabricus 1775 in Coleoptera; not replaced. •Synonym of Lamna Cuvier 1816 -- (Compagno 1984:246 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:117 [ref. 26323]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Lamna Cuvier 1816. Lamnidae.

Lamna (subgenus of Squalus) Cuvier [G.] 1816:126 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Fem. Squalus cornubicus Gmelin 1789. Type by subsequent designation. Type apparently designated first by Bonaparte 1839: 9 (of separate; also see p. 2 of separate) [ref. 4979]; also designated by Gill 1862:398 [ref. 1783]. •Valid as Lamna Cuvier 1816 -- (Springer 1973:13 [ref. 7162], Quéro in Whitehead et al. 1984:87 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:246 [ref. 6474], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:9 [ref. 6441], Bass 1986:100 [ref. 5635], Cappetta 1987:97 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:68 [ref. 12442], Compagno 1990:82 [ref. 21678], Miller 1993:466 [ref. 21297], Compagno 1999:478 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2001:117 [ref. 26323], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:75 [ref. 25968], Compagno 2003:434 [ref. 26984], Hoese & Gates 2006:79 [ref. 28997], White 2008:39 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:6 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:256 [ref. 31457], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:115 [ref. 31212], Mollen et al. 2012:32 [ref. 32005], Parin et al. 2014:20 [ref. 33547], Duffy 2015:73 [ref. 34217], Dyldin 2015:46 [ref. 34524], Pietsch & Orr 2015:13 [ref. 34694], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:13 [ref. 34440], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:545 [ref. 34656], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:77 [ref. 34398], Dyldin & Orlov 2018:163 [ref. 35920], Ehemann et al. 2018:21 [ref. 36194], Stone & Shimada 2019:633 [ref. 37195], Ebert et al. 2021:45 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Lamna Cuvier 1816. Lamnidae.

Lepidorhinus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1838:207 [9] [Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali e rendiconto dei lavori dell'Accademia della Scienze dell'Instituto di Bologna con appendice agraria. Bologna v. 2; ref. 4979] Masc. Squalus squamosus Bonnaterre 1788. Type by original designation (see p. 2 of separate; also monotypic). On p. 9 of separate. •Valid as Lepidorhinus Bonaparte 1838 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:40 [ref. 7165]). •Synonym of Centrophorus Müller & Henle 1837 -- (Compagno 1984:35 [ref. 6474], Bass et al. 1986:49 [ref. 5636], White et al. 2013:43 [ref. 33033]). Current status: Synonym of Centrophorus Müller & Henle 1837. Centrophoridae.

Monopterhinus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville [H. de] 1816:121 [Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris v. 8; ref. 306] Masc. Squalus griseus Bonnaterre 1788. Type by subsequent designation. Type apparently first designated by Jordan & Evermann 1896:18 [ref. 2443]. •Objective synonym of Hexanchus Rafinesque 1810. •Before ICZN. •Synonym of Hexanchus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Boeseman 1973:8 [ref. 7161], Compagno 1984:19 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:46 [ref. 6348]). Current status: Synonym of Hexanchus Rafinesque 1810. Hexanchidae.

Murmille Setna [S. B.] & Sarangdhar [P. N.] (ex Gistel) 1946:246, 251 [Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India v. 12 (no. 5); ref. 6848] Fem. Squalus mustelus Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. Authors cite Gistel as author of Murmille [not located by us]; genus apparently can date to Setna & Sarangdhar as above. •Objective synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790. Current status: Synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790. Triakidae: Triakinae.

Mustellus Risso [A.] 1827:126 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Masc. Squalus mustelus Linnaeus 1758. Presumably a misspelling or emendation for Mustelus Cuvier 1817. •Synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790 -- (Compagno 1973:28 [ref. 7163]). Current status: Synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790. Triakidae: Triakinae.

Mustellus Billberg [G. J.] 1833:51 [Linnéska Samfundets Handlingar v. 1 (for 1832); ref. 34146] Masc. Squalus mustelus Linnaeus 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Unnecessary replacement name for Mustelus Cuvier 1816. •Synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790 -- (Kullander 2016:108 [ref. 34147]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790. Triakidae: Triakinae.

Mustelus Linck [H. F.] 1790:31 [Magazin für das Neueste aus der Physik und Naturgeschichte, Gotha v. 6 (no. 3) (art. 3); ref. 4985] Masc. Squalus mustelus Linnaeus 1758. Type designated by the ICZN. Mustellus Fischer von Waldheim 1813 is an incorrect subsequent spelling placed on Official Index (Direction 56); Mustellus Risso 1827 apparently also an incorrect subsequent spelling. See also Hubbs 1938 [ref. 5958]. On Official List (Opinion 93). •Valid as Mustelus Linck 1790 -- (Compagno 1973:28 [ref. 7163], Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:118 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:397 [ref. 6846], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:5 [ref. 6441], Bass & Heemstra 1986:81 [ref. 5639], Cappetta 1987:116 [ref. 6348], Herman et al. 1988:104 [ref. 13267], Paxton et al. 1989:82 [ref. 12442], Heemstra 1997:896 [ref. 22976], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:51 [ref. 24550], Compagno 1999:481 [ref. 25589], Castro-Aguirre et al. 2005:124 [ref. 28590], Compagno et al. 2005:32 [ref. 29145], Hoese et al. 2006:92 [ref. 28999], White & Last 2006:235 [ref. 29422], White & Last 2008:189 [ref. 29687], White 2008:66 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:8 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:357 [ref. 31457], Cubelio et al. 2011:28 [ref. 31250], Moore et al. 2012:6 [ref. 31771], Pietsch et al. 2012:98 [ref. 31825], Boomer et al. 2012:697 [ref. 32447], Parin et al. 2014:22 [ref. 33547], Dyldin 2015:51 [ref. 34524], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:85 [ref. 34398], Motomura et al. 2017:20 [ref. 35490], Ehemann et al. 2018:22 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:11 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:12 [ref. 36273], Ebert et al. 2021:56 [ref. 38234], White et al. 2021:1 [ref. 38267]). Current status: Valid as Mustelus Linck 1790. Triakidae: Triakinae.

Mustelus Cuvier [G.] 1816:128 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Masc. Squalus mustelus Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy (also by absolute tautonymy); perhaps described without knowledge of Linck. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Mustelus Linck 1790. •In the synonymy of Mustelus Linck 1790 -- (Compagno 1973:28 [ref. 7163], Compagno 1988:219 [ref. 13488], Gomon et al. 1994:128 [ref. 22532], Heemstra 1997:896 [ref. 22976], Compagno 2003:460 [ref. 26984]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790. Triakidae: Triakinae.

Myrmillo Gistel [J.] 1848:X [Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs; ref. 1822] Masc. Squalus mustelus Linnaeus 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Mustelus Cuvier 1816, not preoccupied by Mustela Linnaeus in Mammalia (but preoccupied by Mustelus Linck 1790); although Gistel lists species vulgaris, his names are regarded as replacement names taking the type of original genus. Treated as masculine, Art. 30.2.4. •Objective synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790 -- (Compagno 1973:28 [ref. 7163], Compagno 1988:219 [ref. 13488], Heemstra 1997:896 [ref. 22976]). Current status: Synonym of Mustelus Linck 1790. Triakidae: Triakinae.

Notidanus Cuvier [G.] 1816:128 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Masc. Squalus griseus Bonnaterre 1788. Type by monotypy. •Objective synonym of Hexanchus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Boeseman 1973:8 [ref. 7161], Compagno 1984:19 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Hexanchus Rafinesque 1810. Hexanchidae.

Odontaspis Agassiz [L.] 1838:87 [Recherches sur les poissons fossiles; ref. 13390] Fem. Carcharinus ferox Risso 1827 (= Squalus ferox Risso 1810). Type by monotypy. Type confirmed by ICZN, on Official List (Opinion 723); type equals Squalus ferox Risso 1810 (Compagno 1984:219 [ref. 6474]); Odontaspis to take precedence over Carcharias Rafinesque 1810 when considered synonyms (Opinion 1459). Also appeared as Odontaspis Agassiz in Müller & Henle 1839:73 [ref. 3069]. •Valid as Odontaspis Agasssiz 1838 -- (Springer 1973:11 [ref. 7162], Quéro in Whitehead et al. 1984:80 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:219 [ref. 6474], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:7 [ref. 6441], Bass & Compagno 1986:104 [ref. 5637], Cappetta 1987:88 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:64 [ref. 12442], Compagno 1999:477 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2001:63 [ref. 26323], Hoese & Gates 2006:65 [ref. 28997], White 2008:35 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:6 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:206 [ref. 31457], Stewart 2015:59 [ref. 34215], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:72 [ref. 34398], Ehemann et al. 2018:21 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:8 [ref. 35805], Stone & Shimada 2019:633 [ref. 37195], Ebert et al. 2021:40 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Odontaspis Agassiz 1838. Odontaspididae.

Orectolobus (subgenus of Scyllium) Bonaparte [C. L.] 1834:puntata 39 [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 517] Masc. Squalus barbatus Gmelin 1789. Type by subsequent designation. Published in fasc. 7, puntata 39 under Scyllium canicula. Genus restricted by Gill 1896:211 [ref. 12504], but type not technically designated by him. Earliest technical designation possibly by Bonaparte 1838:213 [11 of separate, and see p. 2] [ref. 4979] as Scyllium ornatum Gray 1830, needs research and possibly suppression. •Valid as Orectolobus Bonaparte 1834 -- (Compagno 1984:180 [ref. 6474], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:8 [ref. 6441], Gomon et al. 1994:115 [ref. 22532], Compagno 1999:476 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2001:152 [ref. 26323], Goto 2001:80 [ref. 25912], Compagno 2001:152 [ref. 26323], Compagno et al. 2005:19 [ref. 29145], Last et al. 2006:35 [ref. 28717], Huveneers 2006:29 [ref. 28782], Hoese et al. 2006:119 [ref. 29001], Last & Chidlow 2008:49 [ref. 29443], Goto 2008:133 [ref. 29609], Last et al. 2008:39 [ref. 29677], White 2008:47 [ref. 30617], Last et al. 2010:1 [ref. 30845], Parin et al. 2014:18 [ref. 33547], Dyldin 2015:45 [ref. 34524], White et al. 2018:62 [ref. 35860], White & Ko'ou 2018:16 [ref. 35922]). Current status: Valid as Orectolobus Bonaparte 1834. Orectolobidae.

Oxynotus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:45, 60 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Masc. Squalus centrina Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Oxynotus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:35 [ref. 7165], Quéro in Whitehead et al. 1984:126 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:124 [ref. 6474], Yano & Murofushi 1985 [ref. 5797], Bass et al. 1986:59 [ref. 5636], Cappetta 1987:59 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:36 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:111 [ref. 22532], Compagno 1999:474 [ref. 25589], Yano & Matsuura 2002:109 [ref. 26346], Yano et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26798], Compagno 2003:408 [ref. 26984], Azevedo et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27250], Hoese & Gates 2006:147 [ref. 28997], White 2008:94 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:10 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:137 [ref. 31457], Last et al. 2015:167 [ref. 34230], Bañón et al. 2016:299 [ref. 34397], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:63 [ref. 34398], Ho & Nakaya 2017:357 [ref. 35039], Ehemann et al. 2018:23 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:21 [ref. 35805], Ebert et al. 2021:33 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Oxynotus Rafinesque 1810. Oxynotidae.

Platysqualus (subgenus of Zygaena) Swainson [W.] 1839:192, 318 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Masc. Squalus tiburo Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 -- (Gilbert 1967:10 [ref. 21135], Compagno 1984:541 [ref. 6846], Cappetta 1987:127 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:362 [ref. 13488], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:52 [ref. 24550]). •Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810, but a valid subgenus Platysqualus as described -- (Compagno 1999:484 [ref. 25589]). Current status: Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. Sphyrnidae.

Polyprosopus Couch [J.] 1862:67 [The history of the fishes of the British islands v. 1; ref. 989] Masc. Squalus rashleighanus Couch 1838. Type by subsequent designation. Gill gives date for Couch v. 1 as 1861. Type designated by Gill 1862:398 [p. 32 of separate] [ref. 1783]. •Synonym of Cetorhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Cappetta 1987:107 [ref. 6348], Compagno 2001:90 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Cetorhinus Blainville 1816. Cetorhinidae.

Poroderma (subgenus of Scyllium) Smith [A.] 1838:85 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (pt. 5) for 12 Sept. 1839 (no. 57); ref. 4034] Neut. Squalus africanus Gmelin 1789. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan & Evermann 1896:23 [ref. 2443], also by Fowler 1908:53 [ref. 6847]. •Valid as Poroderma Smith 1838 -- (Springer 1979:112 [ref. 4175], Compagno 1984:346 [ref. 6846], Bass 1986:94 [ref. 5635], Compagno 1988:115 [ref. 13488], Compagno 1999:480 [ref. 25589], Human 2006:3 [ref. 28714], Fricke et al. 2018:10 [ref. 35805], Ebert et al. 2021:52 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Poroderma Smith 1838. Scyliorhinidae.

Prionace Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1381 [399] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Fem. Squalus glaucus Linnaeus 1758. Type designated by the ICZN. On p. 399 of separate. On Official List (Opinion 723). •Synonym of Carcharinus Blainville 1816 -- (Rodrigues-Filho et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40077]). •Valid as Prionace Cantor 1849 -- (Compagno 1973:30 [ref. 7163], Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:112 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:521 [ref. 6846], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:7 [ref. 6441], Bass et al. 1986:84 [ref. 5638], Cappetta 1987:125 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:346 [ref. 13488], Paxton et al. 1989:83 [ref. 12442], Compagno 1999:484 [ref. 25589], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:70 [ref. 25968], Compagno 2003:469 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:42 [ref. 29145], Hoese et al. 2006:105 [ref. 29001] dated 1850, White 2008:72 [ref. 30617], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:9 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:388 [ref. 31457], Parin et al. 2014:23 [ref. 33547], Duffy 2015:106 [ref. 34217], Dyldin 2015:53 [ref. 34524], Pietsch & Orr 2015:15 [ref. 34694], Bañón et al. 2016:301 [ref. 34397], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:96 [ref. 34398], White et al. 2017:172 [ref. 35860], Dyldin & Orlov 2018:164 [ref. 35920], Ehemann et al. 2018:22 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:16 [ref. 35805], White & Ko'ou 2018:39 [ref. 35922], Brown et al. 2019:153 [ref. 36444], Fricke et al. 2019:41 [ref. 36673], Ebert et al. 2021:66 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Prionace Cantor 1849. Carcharhinidae.

Prionurus Otto [A. W.] 1821:5 [Conspectus animalium quorundam maritimorum; ref. 4987] Masc. Squalus prionurus Otto 1821. Type by monotypy (also by absolute tautonymy). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Prionurus Lacepède 1804 in fishes. Above from Fowler, original not seen. •Questionably In the synonymy of Galeus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Cappetta 1987:111 [ref. 6348]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Galeus Rafinesque 1810. Pentanchidae.

Pristis Linck [H. F.] 1790:31 [Magazin für das Neueste aus der Physik und Naturgeschichte, Gotha v. 6 (no. 3) (art. 3); ref. 4985] Fem. Squalus pristis Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy (also by absolute tautonymy). •Valid as Pristis Linck 1790 -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:51 [ref. 7167], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:12 [ref. 6441], Daget 1984:3 [ref. 6170], Compagno 1986:110 [ref. 5648], Cappetta 1987:158 [ref. 6348], Kottelat 1989:4 [ref. 13605], Paxton et al. 1989:58 [ref. 12442], Séret in Lévêque et al. 1990:60 [ref. 21589], Allen 1991:36 [ref. 21090], Compagno 1995:110 [ref. 21955], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:54 [ref. 24550], Compagno & Last 1999:1411 [ref. 24637], Compagno 1999:484 [ref. 25589], McEachran & Carvalho 2003:525 [ref. 26985], Carvalho & McEachran in Reis et al. 2003:18 [ref. 27061], Compagno et al. 2005:58 [ref. 29145], Hoese & Gates 2006:171 [ref. 28997], van Oijen et al. 2007:37 [ref. 29153], Thorburn et al. 2007:27 [ref. 29328], Carvalho et al. 2007:149 [ref. 30012], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:12 [ref. 36649], Duffy et al. 2011:65 [ref. 31668], Marshall 2011:269 [ref. 31755], Faria et al. 2012:1 [ref. 32356], Kottelat 2013:23 [ref. 32989], Angulo et al. 2013:989 [ref. 33194], Last et al. 2016:474 [ref. 34473] in Pristidae, Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:104 [ref. 34398], Last et al. 2016:59 [ref. 34991], White et al. 2017:194 [ref. 35860], Ehemann et al. 2018:26 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:22 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:14 [ref. 36273], White & Ko'ou 2018:45 [ref. 35922], Ebert et al. 2021:73 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Pristis Linck 1790. Pristidae.

Pristis Latham [J. F.] 1794:276 [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London v. 2 (art. 25); ref. 2727] Fem. Squalus pristis Linnaeus 1758. Type by tautonymy (five included species). •Objective synonym of Pristis Linck 1790 -- (Carvalho & McEachran in Reis et al. 2003:18 [ref. 27061], Kottelat 2013:23 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pristis Linck 1790. Pristidae.

Pterolamiops Springer [S.] 1951:244 [Copeia 1951 (no. 3); ref. 4173] Masc. Squalus (Carcharias) longimanus Poey 1861. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Pterolamia Springer 1950, preoccupied by Pterolamia Breuning 1942 in Coleoptera. On Official List (Opinion 723). •Valid as Pterolamiops Springer 1951 -- (Cappetta 1987:125 [ref. 6348]). •Synonym of Carcharhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Compagno 1973:23 [ref. 7163], Garrick 1982:19 [ref. 5454], Daget 1984:2 [ref. 6170], Compagno 1984:450 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:308 [ref. 13488], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:47 [ref. 24550], Carvalho & McEachran in Reis et al. 2003:14 [ref. 27061], Voigt & Weber 2011:14 [ref. 31424], Kottelat 2013:20 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Carcharhinus Blainville 1816. Carcharhinidae.

Reniceps Gill [T. N.] 1862:403 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 7 (art. 32); ref. 1783] Neut. Squalus tiburo Linnaeus 1758. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Also in Gill 1862:412 [ref. 4910] where author of species is clear. •Objective synonym of Platysqualus Swainson 1839. •Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 -- (Gilbert 1967:10 [ref. 21135], Compagno 1984:541 [ref. 6846], Cappetta 1987:127 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:362 [ref. 13488], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:52 [ref. 24550]). Current status: Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. Sphyrnidae.

Rhina Gill [T. N.] (ex Klein) 1862:408 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 7 (art. 32); ref. 1783] Fem. Rhina squatina of Rafinesque (= Squalus squatina Linnaeus 1758). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Rhina Bloch & Schneider 1801 in fishes. •In the synonymy of Squatina Duméril 1805. 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Squatina Duméril 1805. Squatinidae.

Scimnus Wood [S. D.] 1837:214 [The Analyst; a Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, Natural History, and the Fine Arts (London) v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 12605] Masc. Squalus borealis Scoresby 1820. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Name appeared as "Scimnus, Cuv." with one species given as "Scimnus borealis, Scor." Whitley 1955 [ref. 4724] discusses this name. •Synonym of Dalatias Rafinesque 1810 -- (Compagno 1984:63 [ref. 6474]). Unjustified Emend.. Current status: Synonym of Dalatias Rafinesque 1810. Dalatiidae.

Scylia Billberg [G. J.] 1833:50 [Linnéska Samfundets Handlingar v. 1 (for 1832); ref. 34146] Neut. Squalus canicula Linnaeus 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Unnecessary replacement name for Scyllium Cuvier 1816. •Synonym of Scyliorhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Kullander 2016:107 [ref. 34147]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Scyliorhinus Blainville 1816. Scyliorhinidae.

Scyliorhinus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville [H. de] 1816:121 [Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris v. 8; ref. 306] Masc. Squalus canicula Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Gill 1862:407 [ref. 1783]. Misspelled or unjustifiably emended to Scylliorhinus, Scyliorhynchus, and Scyliorhynus by authors. •Valid as Scyliorhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Springer 1973:19 [ref. 7162], Nakaya 1975:14 [ref. 7083], Springer 1979:123 [ref. 4175], Quéro in Whitehead et al. 1984:99 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:355 [ref. 6846], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:4 [ref. 6441], Bass 1986:95 [ref. 5635], Cappetta 1987:113 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:119 [ref. 13488], Shirai et al. 1992 [ref. 19241], Compagno 1999:480 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2003:445 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:27 [ref. 29145], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:7 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:292 [ref. 31457], Shinohara et al. 2011:38 [ref. 31715], Parin et al. 2014:21 [ref. 33547], Soares et al. 2015:347 [ref. 33716], Dyldin 2015:50 [ref. 34524], Soares et al. 2016:502 [ref. 34158], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:82 [ref. 34398], Ehemann et al. 2018:22 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:11 [ref. 35805], Soares & Carvalho 2019:6 [ref. 36701], Soares & Carvalho 2020:379 [ref. 37593], Ebert et al. 2021:54 [ref. 38234], Ito et al. 2022:331 [ref. 38987]). Current status: Valid as Scyliorhinus Blainville 1816. Scyliorhinidae.

Scyllium Cuvier [G.] 1816:124 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Neut. Squalus canicula Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated first by Bory de Saint-Vincent, v. 14, 1828:708 [ref. 3853] (see Whitley 1935:137 [ref. 6396]). Also independetly described in Müller & Henle 1838:3 [ref. 3069]. Spelled Scylium by Minding 1832:47 [ref. 3022]. •Objective synonym of Scyliorhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Springer 1973:19 [ref. 7162], Springer 1979:123 [ref. 4175], Compagno 1984:355 [ref. 6846], Cappetta 1987:113 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:119 [ref. 13488], Parin et al. 2014:21 [ref. 33547], Soares & Carvalho 2019:6 [ref. 36701]). Current status: Synonym of Scyliorhinus Blainville 1816. Scyliorhinidae.

Scymnium Valenciennes [A.] 1837:legend to Pl. 115 [Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation; ref. 17868] Neut. Squalus licha Bonnaterre 1788. Type by subsequent designation. Perhaps a lapus, for Scymnus treated on p. 567; on legend page as Scymium nicense under genus Scymnius; could be treated as a name in synonymy; appeared as above in Fowler 1969:484 [ref. 9321]. Probably not available. •Synonym of Dalatias Rafinesque 1810 -- (Compagno 1984:63 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Dalatias Rafinesque 1810. Dalatiidae.

Scymnorhinus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1846:16 [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Sesta Riunione, Milano 7a Adunanza, Napoli, Part 2; ref. 519] Masc. Squalus lichia of Bonaparte 1846 (= Squalus lichia Bonnaterre 1788). Type by monotypy. Scymnus Cuvier and Dalatias Raf "p". [= part] in synonymy; but apparently not proposed as a replacement name for Scymnus Cuvier 1816, preoccupied by Scymnus Kugelmann 1794 in Coleoptera. •Valid as Scymnorhinus Bonaparte 1846 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:46 [ref. 7165], Bass et al. 1986:60 [ref. 5636], Cappetta 1987:62 [ref. 6348] with Dalatias questionably in synonymy). •Synonym of Dalatias Rafinesque 1810 -- (Compagno 1984:63 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Dalatias Rafinesque 1810. Dalatiidae.

Scymnus Cuvier [G.] 1816:130 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Masc. Squalus americanus Gmelin 1789. Type by subsequent designation. Additional species were mentioned in footnote, so type requires subsequent designation; Whitley 1935:137 [ref. 6396] determined that the type was first designated by Lesson, v. 15, 1829:598 [ref. 13391]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Scymnus Kugelmann 1794 in Coleoptera; replaced by Scymnorhinus Bonaparte 1846. •In the synonymy of Dalatias Rafinesque 1810 -- (Compagno 1984:63 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:62 [ref. 6348]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Dalatias Rafinesque 1810. Dalatiidae.

Selache Cuvier [G.] 1816:129 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Fem. Squalus maximus Gunnerus 1765. Type by subsequent designation. Type apparently first designated by Bonaparte 1838:9 (of separate) [ref. 4979]. Selanche Jarocki 1822 and Selachus Minding 1832 evidently are misspellings. •Objective synonym of Cetorhinus Blainville 1816 -- (Springer 1973:16 [ref. 7162], Compagno 1984:234 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Cetorhinus Blainville 1816. Cetorhinidae.

Selanonius Fleming [J.] 1828:169 [A history of British animals; ref. 1339] Masc. Selanonius walkeri Fleming 1828 (= Squalus selanoneus Walker in Leach 1818). Type by monotypy. S. walkeri Fleming is an unneeded substitute for S. selanoneus Walker. •Synonym of Lamna Cuvier 1816 -- (Springer 1973:13 [ref. 7162], Compagno 1984:246 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:117 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Lamna Cuvier 1816. Lamnidae.

Sphyra Van der Hoeven [J.] 1855:68 [Handboek der Dierkunde; ref. 2182] Fem. Squalus zygaena Linnaeus 1758. Apparently an unjustified emendation or incorrect subsequent spelling of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. •In the synonymy of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 -- (Gilbert 1973:32 [ref. 7164], Compagno 1984:541 [ref. 6846], Cappetta 1987:127 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:362 [ref. 13488]). Current status: Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. Sphyrnidae.

Sphyrichthys Thienemann [F. A. L.] 1828:408 [Lehrbuch der Zoologie v. 3; ref. 4990] Masc. Sphyrichthys zygaena of Thienemann 1828 (= Squalus zygaena Linnaeus 1758). Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded new name for Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810, not preoccupied. •Objective synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 -- (Gilbert 1967:10 [ref. 21135], Gilbert 1973:32 [ref. 7164], Compagno 1984:541 [ref. 6846], Cappetta 1987:127 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:362 [ref. 13488]). Current status: Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. Sphyrnidae.

Sphyrna Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:46, 60 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Fem. Squalus zygaena Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Bonaparte 1838:10 (of separate, see also p. 2) [ref. 4979]; also designated by Jordan & Gilbert 1883:26 [ref. 2476]. •Valid as Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 -- (Gilbert 1967:10 [ref. 21135], Gilbert 1973:32 [ref. 7164], Quéro in Whitehead et al. 1984:123 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:541 [ref. 6846], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:7 [ref. 6441], Bass 1986:96 [ref. 5635], Cappetta 1987:127 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:362 [ref. 13488], Paxton et al. 1989:86 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:138 [ref. 22532], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:52 [ref. 24550], Compagno 1999:484 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2003:498 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:45 [ref. 29145], Hoese et al. 2006:110 [ref. 29001], White 2008:73 [ref. 30617], Lim et al. 2010:575 [ref. 39445], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:9 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:504 [ref. 31457], Moore et al. 2012:11 [ref. 31771], Weigmann 2012:2 [ref. 31968], Parin et al. 2014:24 [ref. 33547], Duffy 2015:108 [ref. 34217], Dyldin 2015:54 [ref. 34524], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:97 [ref. 34398], White et al. 2017:186 [ref. 35860], Dyldin & Orlov 2018:165 [ref. 35920], Ehemann et al. 2018:22 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:17 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:13 [ref. 36273], White & Ko'ou 2018:43 [ref. 35922], Brown et al. 2019:153 [ref. 36444], Fricke et al. 2019:42 [ref. 36673], Ebert et al. 2021:68 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. Sphyrnidae.

Spinax Cuvier [G.] 1816:129 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Masc. Squalus spinax Linnaeus 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy. Also appeared as new in Bonaparte 1838:207 [ref. 4979]. According to Whitley 1935:136 [ref. 6396], Bosc published this name first [not investigated]. •Synonym of Etmopterus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:42 [ref. 7165], Compagno 1984:69 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:58 [ref. 6348]). Current status: Synonym of Etmopterus Rafinesque 1810. Etmopteridae.

Squalius (subgenus of Leuciscus) Bonaparte [C. L.] 1837:fasc. 19 [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4893] Masc. Leuciscus squalus Bonaparte 1837. Type by subsequent designation. Occurred in puntata 96, fasc. 19 under Leuciscus squalus and two additional species; also in later fascicles. Type evidently designated first by Jordan 1919:187 [ref. 2410]. •Valid as Squalius Bonaparte 1837 -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:20 [ref. 28742], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:88 [ref. 28183], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:199 [ref. 28975], Doadrio et al. 2007:89 [ref. 29250], Doadrio et al. 2007:247 [ref. 29342], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:154, 257 [ref. 29996], Turan et al. 2009:53 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Coad 2010:193 [ref. 36620], Perea et al. 2010:3, 14 [ref. 31802], Zupančič et al. 2010:155 [ref. 31002], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Shinohara et al. 2011:38 [ref. 31715], Parin et al. 2014:94 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:880 [ref. 34062], Khaefi et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34748], Esmaeili et al. 2016:118 [ref. 34985], Turan et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35136], Esmaeili et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35254], Çiçek et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36267], Esmaeili et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36089], Buj et al. 2019:[1] [ref. 37174], Perea et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37489], Turan 2022:336 [ref. 39758], Doadrio et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40705]). Current status: Valid as Squalius Bonaparte 1837. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae.

Squalus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:233 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Masc. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation of Gill 1862:39 (of separate) [ref. 1783]. [Bonaparte 1838:210 [10 of separate, and see p. 2] [ref. 4979] designated S. glaucus earlier -- needs investigation and perhaps suppression.] Spelled Squallus by Scopoli 1777:464 [ref. 3990], and Sqalus by Berkenhout 1789:59 [ref. 12437]. Also seen as Squalis, but that genus was often used for many kinds of shark. •Valid as Squalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:37 [ref. 7165], McEachran & Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:146 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:28 [ref. 6474], Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:9 [ref. 6441], Bass et al. 1986:60 [ref. 5636], Myagkov & Kondyurin 1986:560 [ref. 8063], Cappetta 1987:58 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:37 [ref. 12442], Muñoz-Chápuli & Ramos 1989 [ref. 12577], Gomon et al. 1994:105 [ref. 22532], Compagno 1999:472 [ref. 25589], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:88 [ref. 25968], Compagno 2003:381 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:49 [ref. 29145], Hoese 2006:154 [ref. 28998], Last et al. 2007:11 [ref. 29125], Last et al. 2007:23 [ref. 29126], Duffy & Last 2007:31 [ref. 29127], Last et al. 2007:39 [ref. 29128], Last et al. 2007:55 [ref. 29129], White et al. 2007:71 [ref. 29130], Last et al. 2007:83 [ref. 29131], Duffy & Last 2007:91 [ref. 29132], White et al. 2007:109 [ref. 29134], Last et al. 2007:1 [ref. 29135], Ward et al. 2007:117 [ref. 29136], White 2008:82 [ref. 30617], Ebert et al. 2010:22 [ref. 30955], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:10 [ref. 36649], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:115 [ref. 31212], Castro 2011:51 [ref. 31457], White & Last 2013:229 [ref. 33242], Parin et al. 2014:25 [ref. 33547], Duffy & Last 2015:128 [ref. 34221], Dyldin 2015:56 [ref. 34524], Pietsch & Orr 2015:16 [ref. 34694], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:18 [ref. 34440], Viana et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34525], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:58 [ref. 34398], Viana et al. 2017:[1] [ref. 35249], Motomura et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35490], Viana et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35600], Daly-Engel et al. 2018:135 [ref. 36326], Dyldin & Orlov 2018:165 [ref. 35920], Ehemann et al. 2018:24 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:18 [ref. 35805], Pfleger et al. 2018:101 [ref. 36011], Viana & Carvalho 2018:159 [ref. 35959], White & Ko'ou 2018:11 [ref. 35922], White et al. 2018:36 [ref. 35860], Fricke et al. 2019:43 [ref. 36673], Dolganov 2019:279 [ref. 36997], Viana & Carvalho 2020:275 [ref. 37573], Ebert et al. 2021:21 [ref. 38234], Fricke et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40338]). Current status: Valid as Squalus Linnaeus 1758. Squalidae.

Squatina Duméril [A. M. C.] 1805:102, 342 [Zoologie analytique; ref. 1151] Fem. Squalus squatina Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Appeared without Latinized species. Subsequent addition al species not researched. Type generally regarded as S. squatina, implied by tautonymy. Apparently Duméril (as a vernacular name) and later authors applied the species name angelus, with S. angelus an unneeded substitute for S. squatina. Compagno 1984:138 [ref. 6474] indicates that the type is S. vulgaris Risso 1810 by subsequent monotypy. Also appeared as new (sensu Plinius) in Billberg 1833:52 [ref. 34146] as Sqvatina; see Kullander 2016:109 [ref. 34147]. Genus name misspelled Sqatina by Cuvier 1831:290 [ref. 30378]. •Valid as Squatina Duméril 1805 -- (Krefft 1973:49 [ref. 7166], Compagno 1984:138 [ref. 6474], Bass 1986:107 [ref. 5635], Cappetta 1987:68 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:62 [ref. 12442], Shirai 1992 [ref. 19882], Gomon et al. 1994:151 [ref. 22532], Compagno 1999:475 [ref. 25589], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:89 [ref. 25968], Compagno 2003:415 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:56 [ref. 29145], Hoese & Gates 2006:159 [ref. 28997], Walsh & Ebert 2007:35 [ref. 29245], Castro-Aguirre et al. 2007:1031 [ref. 29408], Last & White 2008:1 [ref. 29746], White 2008:97 [ref. 30617], Kriwet et al. 2010:117 [ref. 30825], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:11 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:163 [ref. 31457], Vaz & Carvalho 2013:5 [ref. 32825], Theiss & Ebert 2013:74 [ref. 33034], Faria et al. 2014:1 [ref. 33251], Parin et al. 2014:28 [ref. 33547], Dyldin 2015:58 [ref. 34524], Pietsch & Orr 2015:16 [ref. 34694], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:66 [ref. 34398], Estalles et al. 2016:1 [ref. 34759], Ehemann et al. 2018:24 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:21 [ref. 35805], Vaz & Carvalho 2018:144 [ref. 35832], Cañedo-Apolaya et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38306], Ebert et al. 2021:36 [ref. 38234], Long et al. 2021:113 [ref. 38922], Weigmann et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40290]). Current status: Valid as Squatina Duméril 1805. Squatinidae.

Squatina Risso [A.] 1810:45 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Fem. Squatina vulgaris Risso 1810 (= Squalus squatina Linnaeus 1758). Type by monotypy. S. vulgaris Risso is an unneeded substitute for S. squatina Linnaeus. Risso cites Duméril so genus may not have been an original description, but may be the first addition of species for Duméril's Squatina. •Synonym of Squatina Duméril 1805 -- (Krefft 1973:49 [ref. 7166]). Current status: Synonym of Squatina Duméril 1805. Squatinidae.

Stegostoma Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.] 1837:112 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1837; ref. 3067] Neut. Squalus fasciatus Bloch 1785 (= Squalus fasciatus Hermann 1783). Type by original designation (also monotypic). Also appeared in Müller & Henle 1838:24 [ref. 3069]. Stegostonea and Stegastomas are a misspellings. •Valid as Stegostoma Müller & Henle 1837 -- (Compagno 1984:200 [ref. 6474], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:8 [ref. 6441], Bass 1986:65 [ref. 5635], Paxton et al. 1989:92 [ref. 12442], Compagno 1999:477 [ref. 25589], Goto 2001:83 [ref. 25912], Compagno 2001:185 [ref. 26323], Compagno et al. 2005:22 [ref. 29145], Hoese & Gates 2006:125 [ref. 28997], Kimura 2009:8 [ref. 30426], Moore et al. 2012:5 [ref. 31771], Kottelat 2013:19 [ref. 32989], White et al. 2018:80 [ref. 35860], Fricke et al. 2018:7 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:8 [ref. 36273], White & Ko'ou 2018:21 [ref. 35922], Dahl et al. 2019:525 [ref. 36993], Ebert et al. 2021:38 [ref. 38234]). Current status: Valid as Stegostoma Müller & Henle 1837. Stegostomatidae.

Synchismus Gill [T. N.] 1862:407, 408 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 7 (art. 32); ref. 1783] Masc. Squalus tuberculatus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Also in Gill 1862:413 [ref. 4910]. •Synonym of Chiloscyllium Müller & Henle 1837 -- (Dingerkus & DeFino 1983:7 [ref. 5386], Compagno 1984:189 [ref. 6474], Kharin 1987:364 [ref. 6227], Cappetta 1987:72 [ref. 6348], Compagno 2001:166 [ref. 26323], Goto 2001:82 [ref. 25912], Kottelat 2013.18 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Chiloscyllium Müller & Henle 1837. Hemiscylliidae.

Thalassinus Moreau [É.] 1881:319, 320 (v. 1) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Moreau); ref. 3040] Masc. Squalus rondeletii Risso 1810. Type by monotypy. •Objective synonym of Thalassorhinus Valenciennes 1838; synonym of Prionace Cantor 1849 -- (Compagno 1973:30 [ref. 7163], Compagno 1984:521 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:346 [ref. 13488]). Current status: Synonym of Prionace Cantor 1849. Carcharhinidae.

Thalassorhinus Valenciennes [A.] in Bonaparte 1838:204? [10] [Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali e rendiconto dei lavori dell'Accademia della Scienze dell'Instituto di Bologna con appendice agraria. Bologna v. 2; ref. 4979] Masc. Squalus rondeletii Risso 1810. Type by subsequent designation. Apparently above is first (p. 10 of separate); also as Valenciennes in Müller & Henle 1839:62 [ref. 3069]. As above the single species mentioned by Bonaparte (vulpecula) was not yet available; two species (with rondelettii renamed vulpecula) in Valenciennes 1839:62. Type apparently designated first by Gill 1862:402 [ref. 1783]. •Synonym of Prionace Cantor 1849 -- (Compagno 1973:30 [ref. 7163], Compagno 1984:521 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:346 [ref. 13488]). Current status: Synonym of Prionace Cantor 1849. Carcharhinidae.

Vulpecula Jarocki [F. P.] 1822:454 [Zoologiia czyli zwiérzetopismo ogolne podlug náynowszego systematu ulozone v. 4; ref. 4984] Fem. Squalus vulpes Gmelin 1789. Type by monotypy. Described independent of Vulpecula Valmont de Bomare 1764. •Synonym of Alopias Rafinesque 1810 -- (Compagno 2001:80 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Alopias Rafinesque 1810. Alopiidae.

Zygaena (subgenus of Squalus) Cuvier [G.] 1816:127 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Fem. Squalus zygaena Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy (also by absolute tautonymy). Misspelled or unjustifiably emended to Zygana by Swainson 1838:139 [ref. 4302] and 1839:192, 318 [ref. 4303]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Zugaena Fabricius 1775 in Lepidoptera. •In the synonymy of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 -- (Gilbert 1967:10 [ref. 21135], Gilbert 1973:32 [ref. 7164], Compagno 1984:541 [ref. 6846], Cappetta 1987:127 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1988:362 [ref. 13488], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:52 [ref. 24550]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. Sphyrnidae.

Zyganna Billberg [G. J.] 1833:51 [Linnéska Samfundets Handlingar v. 1 (for 1832); ref. 34146] Fem. Squalus zygaena Linnaeus 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Unnecessary replacement name for Zygaena Cuvier 1816. •In the synonymy of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 -- (Kullander 2016:108 [ref. 34147]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. Sphyrnidae.

Zygoena Risso [A.] 1827:125 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Fem. Squalus zygaena Linnaeus 1758. Apparently a misspelling of Zygaena Cuvier 1816, but perhaps independently described. •Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 -- (Gilbert 1967:10 [ref. 21135], Gilbert 1973:32 [ref. 7164], Compagno 1984:541 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:362 [ref. 13488]). Current status: Synonym of Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810. Sphyrnidae.