Genera that contain: Syngnathus [ 48 ] records

Acanthognathus Duncker [G.] 1912:228 [Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen (Zoologischen) Museum in Hamburg v. 29; ref. 1156] Masc. Syngnathus dactyliophorus Bleeker 1853. Type by original designation, also monotypic (only one named species included). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Acanthognathus Mayr 1887 in Hymenoptera, replaced by Dunckerocampus Whitley 1933. •Synonym of Doryrhamphus Kaup 1856 -- (Dawson 1985:58 [ref. 6541]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Doryrhamphus Kaup 1856. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Acus (subgenus of Syngnathus) Swainson [W.] (ex Willoughby) 1839:195, 333 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Fem. Syngnathus aequoreus Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Apparently not preoccupied by Acus Plumier in Lacepède 1803 in fishes (not available); not replaced. Type perhaps designated first by Jordan & Evermann 1896:774 [ref. 2443]. •Synonym of Entelurus Duméril 1870. Current status: Synonym of Entelurus Duméril 1870. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Belonichthys Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1868:147 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1868; ref. 3441] Masc. Syngnathus zambezensis Peters 1855. Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Peters 1868:108 [ref. 3440] [above apparently earliest but not researched]. •Synonym of Microphis Kaup 1853, but a valid subgenus Belonichthys -- (Dawson 1984:136 [ref. 5879], Dawson 1985:128 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:284 [ref. 6201]). •Valid as Belonichthys Peters 1868 -- (Kottelat 2013:301 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Microphis Kaup 1853 -- (Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:591 [ref. 27061], Haÿ et al. 2023:21 [ref. 40264]). Current status: Valid as Belonichthys Peters 1868. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Bhanotia Hora [S. L.] 1926:463 [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 27 (pt 6); ref. 2207] Fem. Syngnathus corrugatus Weber 1913. Type by original designation. See Das 2003:368 [ref. 27706] with date as 1925. •Valid as Bhanotia Hora 1926 -- (Dawson 1978 [ref. 7025], Dawson 1985:20 [ref. 6541], Allen & Kuiter 1995:75 [ref. 21613], Paxton et al. 2006:812 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2009:230 [ref. 30404] with date as 1925, Satapoomin 2009:57 [ref. 30463], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 1 [ref. 35615], Fricke et al. 2019:91 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Bhanotia Hora 1926. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Bhanotichthys Parr [A. E.] 1930:27, 29 [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 3 (art. 4); ref. 3370] Masc. Syngnathus fasciatus Gray 1830. Type by original designation. Type designated on p. 29. •Objective synonym of Corythoichthys Kaup 1853 -- (Dawson 1977:297 [ref. 7048], Dawson 1985:36 [ref. 6541]). Current status: Synonym of Corythoichthys Kaup 1853. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Coelonotus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1855:465 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1855; ref. 3449] Masc. Syngnathus argulus Peters 1855. Type by monotypy. •See Hemimarsupium Kaup 1853. •Synonym of Microphis Kaup 1853, but a valid subgenus Coelonotus -- (Dawson 1984:124 [ref. 5879], Dawson 1985:127 [ref. 6541]). •Valid as Coelonotus Peters 1855 -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:85 [ref. 6441], Kottelat 2013:302 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35805], Haÿ et al. 2022:275 [ref. 39015]). •Synonym of Microphis Kaup 1853 -- (Dawson 1986:284 [ref. 6201], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:591 [ref. 27061], Haÿ et al. 2023:21 [ref. 40264]). Current status: Valid as Coelonotus Peters 1855. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Corythoichthys Kaup [J. J.] 1853:231 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 19 (pt. 1); ref. 2569] Masc. Syngnathus fasciatus Gray 1830. Type by subsequent designation. Jordan & Evermann 1896:761 [ref. 2442] and Jordan 1919:253 [ref. 2410] give type as C. albirostris Heckel, but that species apparently not available; type above designated by Whitley 1948 according to Dawson 1985:36 [ref. 6541]. Misspelled Corythroichthys by Jordan and others. •Valid as Corythoichthys Kaup 1853 -- (Dawson 1977 [ref. 7048], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:87 [ref. 6441], Dawson 1985:36 [ref. 6541], Paxton et al. 1989:414 [ref. 12442], Paulus 1999:2265 [ref. 24794], Paulus 1999:2268 [ref. 24794], Paxton et al. 2006:815 [ref. 29073], Allen & Erdmann 2008:122 [ref. 29478], Kuiter 2009:188 [ref. 30404], Satapoomin 2009:58 [ref. 30463], Lourie 2016:142 [ref. 34505], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 1 [ref. 35615], Fricke et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:48 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Corythoichthys Kaup 1853. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Dermatostethus Gill [T. N.] 1862:283 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 1667] Masc. Dermatostethus punctipinnis Gill 1862. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fritzsche 1980:198 [ref. 1511], Dawson 1982:55 [ref. 6764], Dawson 1985:181 [ref. 6541], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:592 [ref. 27061], Kottelat 2013:307 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Doryichthys Kaup [J. J.] 1856:56 [Catalogue of lophobranchiate fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2575] Masc. Doryichthys bilineatus Kaup 1856. Type by subsequent designation. First mentioned by Kaup 1853:233 [ref. 2569] as name only (all included species were not described). Dawson 1981:2 [ref. 5527] and 1985:55 [ref. 6541] dates to 1856. Type species Doryichthys bilineatus Kaup 1856 selected by Jordan & Evermann 1896:773 [ref. 2443]. Dawson 1981:3 [ref. 5527] mentions a designation of Syngnathus cuncalus Hamilton 1822 by Duncker 1912:230 [ref. 1156] for the genus Dorichthys [misspelled] by Duncker 1909. •Valid as Doryichthys Kaup 1856 -- (Dawson 1981:2 [ref. 5527], Dawson 1985:55 [ref. 6541], Roberts 1989:158 [ref. 6439], Ataur Rahman 1989:37 [ref. 24860], Paulus 1999:2268 [ref. 24794], Kuiter 2009:281 [ref. 30404], Kottelat 2013:302 [ref. 32989], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 4 [ref. 35615]). •Synonym of Microphis Kaup 1853 -- (Stiller et al. 2022: Additional file p. 22 [ref. 39142], Haÿ et al. 2023:21 [ref. 40264]). Current status: Synonym of Microphis Kaup 1853. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Doryrhamphinarum Kaup [J. J.] 1856:62 [Catalogue of lophobranchiate fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2575] Neut. Syngnathus heterosoma Bleeker 1851. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Fowler (MS), treats as a lapsus for Doryichthys Kaup 1856 [= 1853]; Dawson 1981 treats as a nomen nudum. Kaup provides a description from Bleeker, and states (p. 63), "...leaves me in no doubt of this species being the type of a genus hitherto undescribed..." Kaup's heading "Genus novem, 5. Doryrhamphinarum" is regarded here as meaning of the family Doryrhamphidae, without proposal of a new genus. •Synonym of Doryichthys Kaup 1856 -- (Dawson 1981:2 [ref. 5511]). Current status: Synonym of Doryichthys Kaup 1856. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Dunckerocampus Whitley [G. P.] 1933:67 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 4677] Masc. Syngnathus dactyliophorus Bleeker 1853. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Acanthognathus Duncker 1912, preoccupied by Acanthognathus Mayr 1887 in Hymenoptera. •Synonym of Doryrhamphus Kaup 1856, but a valid subgenus Dunckerocampus -- (Dawson 1985:58 [ref. 6541], Winterbottom 1987 [ref. 6776] but spelled Dunkerocampus). •Valid as Dunckerocampus Whitley 1933 -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:86 [ref. 6441], Kuiter 1998:81 [ref. 23586], Kuiter 2009:178 [ref. 30404], Lourie 2016:141 [ref. 34505], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 4 [ref. 35615], Golani & Fricke 2018:49 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:93 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Dunckerocampus Whitley 1933. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Enneacampus Dawson [C. E.] 1981:466 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 94 (no. 2); ref. 1071] Masc. Syngnathus ansorgii Boulenger 1910. Type by original designation. •Valid as Enneacampus Dawson 1981 -- (Dawson 1986:281 [ref. 6201], Lévêque et al. 1989:121 [ref. 26480], Lévêque in Lévêque et al. 1992:576 [ref. 21590], Snoeks & Vreven 2007:575 [ref. 30079], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 1 [ref. 35615]). Current status: Valid as Enneacampus Dawson 1981. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Entelurus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:605 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Masc. Syngnathus aequoreus Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Earliest type designation not researched. See Acus Swainson (ex Willoughby) 1839. •Synonym of Nerophis Rafinesque 1810 -- (Stiller et al. 2022: Additional file p. 22 [ref. 39142]). •Valid as Entelurus Duméril 1870 -- (Wheeler 1973:278 [ref. 7190], Dawson in Whitehead et al. 1986:629 [ref. 13676], Kuiter 2009:258 [ref. 30404], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:121 [ref. 31212], Parin et al. 2014:207 [ref. 33547], Bañón et al. 2016:321 [ref. 34397], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 4 [ref. 35615]). Current status: Valid as Entelurus Duméril 1870. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Festucalex Whitley [G. P.] 1931:312 [Australian Zoologist v. 6 (pt 4); ref. 4672] Masc. Syngnathus cinctus Ramsay 1882. Type by original designation. •Valid as Festucalex Whitley 1931 -- (Dawson 1977:622 [ref. 1066], Dawson 1984 [ref. 5290], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:88 [ref. 6441], Dawson 1985:68 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:448 [ref. 5650], Paxton et al. 1989:417 [ref. 12442], Paulus 1999:2267 [ref. 24794], Paxton et al. 2006:819 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2009:206 [ref. 30404], Allen & Erdmann 2015:47 [ref. 33644], Prokofiev 2016:622 [ref. 34850], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 1 [ref. 35615], Fricke et al. 2019:94 [ref. 36673], Stiller et al. 2022: Additional file p. 21 [ref. 39142]). Current status: Valid as Festucalex Whitley 1931. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Filicampus Whitley [G. P.] 1948:75 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 4710] Masc. Syngnathus superciliaris Günther 1880. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Filicampus Whitley 1948 -- (Dawson 1985:73 [ref. 6541], Paxton et al. 1989:417 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:445 [ref. 22532], Paulus 1999:2268 [ref. 24794], Paxton et al. 2006:820 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2008:452 [ref. 30642], Kuiter 2009:212 [ref. 30404], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 1 [ref. 35615]). Current status: Valid as Filicampus Whitley 1948. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Gasterotokeus Heckel [J. J.] in Kaup 1853:230 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 19 (pt. 1); ref. 2569] Masc. Syngnathus biaculeatus Bloch 1785. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Gastrotokeus by authors. •Synonym of Syngnathoides Bleeker 1851 -- (Dawson 1985:179 [ref. 6541]). Current status: Synonym of Syngnathoides Bleeker 1851. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Hemithylacus Kaup [J. J.] 1856:61 [Catalogue of lophobranchiate fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2575] Masc. Syngnathus leiaspis Bleeker 1854. Type by monotypy. Spelled Hemithylacum on p. 27. A substitute for Hemimarsupium according to Jordan 1919:272 [ref. 2410]; Dawson 1984:124 [ref. 5879] treats Hemimarsupium as a nomen nudum and in synonymy of Microphis (Coelonotus). See Hemimarsupium Kaup 1853. •Synonym of Coelonotus Peters 1855 -- (Kottelat 2013:302 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Microphis Kaup 1853 -- (Dawson 1985:126 [ref. 6541], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:591 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Coelonotus Peters 1855. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Hippichthys (subgenus of Syngnathus) Bleeker [P.] 1849:15 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 22 [8]; ref. 320] Masc. Hippichthys heptagonus Bleeker 1849. Type by monotypy. Proposed as a section of Syngnathus. •Valid as Hippichthys Bleeker 1849 -- (Dawson 1978 [ref. 7026], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:86 [ref. 6441], Dawson 1985:97 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:282 [ref. 6201], Dawson 1986:451 [ref. 5650], Paxton et al. 1989:419 [ref. 12442], Kottelat 1989:16 [ref. 13605], Allen 1991:105 [ref. 21090], Paulus 1999:2268 [ref. 24794], Paxton et al. 2006:823 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2009:277 [ref. 30404], Satapoomin 2009:59 [ref. 30463], Jenkins & Mailautoka 2010:111 [ref. 30900], Kottelat 2013:303 [ref. 32989], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 1 [ref. 35615], Fricke et al. 2018:123 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:50 [ref. 36273], Stiller et al. 2022: Additional file p. 22 [ref. 39142]). Current status: Valid as Hippichthys Bleeker 1849. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Hippocampus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:18 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Masc. Hippocampus heptagonus Rafinesque 1810 (= Syngnathus hippocampus Linnaeus 1758). Type by monotypy. •Valid as Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Ginsburg 1937:525 [ref. 1801], Wheeler 1973:278 [ref. 7190], Fritzsche 1980:185 [ref. 1511], Vari 1982:175 [ref. 6765], Fritzsche 1984 [ref. 13658], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:89 [ref. 6441], Dawson in Whitehead et al. 1986:630 [ref. 13676], Dawson 1986:452 [ref. 5650], Paxton et al. 1989:420 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:447 [ref. 22532], Gomon 1997:245 [ref. 22842], Lourie et al. 1999:3 [ref. 23993], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:234 [ref. 24550], Paulus 1999:2265 [ref. 24794], Kuiter 2001:297 [ref. 25900], Fritzsche & Vincent 2003:1222 [ref. 27044], Piacentino & Luzzatto 2004:339 [ref. 28610], Teske et al. 2004:273 [ref. 31602], Paxton et al. 2006:824 [ref. 29073], Lourie & Kuiter 2008:54 [ref. 29944], Kuiter 2008:453 [ref. 30642], Gomon & Kuiter 2009:37 [ref. 30036], Kuiter 2009:17 [ref. 30404], Randall & Lourie 2009:19 [ref. 30536], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:36 [ref. 36649], Oliveira et al. 2010:373 [ref. 30935], Jawad et al. 2011:147 [ref. 31521], Reijnen et al. 2011:1 [ref. 33436], Foster et al. 2012:55 [ref. 31765], Kottelat 2013:304 [ref. 32989], Silveira et al. 2014:317 [ref. 33493], Parin et al. 2014:207 [ref. 33547], Stewart 2015:1055 [ref. 34254], Lourie 2016:74 [ref. 34505], Lourie et al. 2016:13 [ref. 34632], Zhang et al. 2016:384 [ref. 34762], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 1 [ref. 35615], Han et al. 2017:113 [ref. 35660], Fricke et al. 2018:124 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:50 [ref. 36273], Short et al. 2018:27 [ref. 36055], Brown et al. 2019:171 [ref. 36444], Short et al. 2019:109 [ref. 36532], Fricke et al. 2019:94 [ref. 36673], Short et al. 2020:141 [ref. 37526]). Current status: Valid as Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Hippocampus Perry [G.] 1810:Pl. XVIII [Ichthyology. In: Arcana, or, The Museum of Natural History v. 1; ref. 12255] Masc. Syngnathus folilatus Perry 1810 Type by monotypy. Published in "Arcana 1810". Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 which predates Hippocampus Perry by one month according to R. Petit (pers. comm. 9/19/2003). Published a second time in Perry 1810 in text to Pl. 18; said by Perry 1810 that it is not the same as Hippocampus •Declared a nomen protectum by Kottelat 2013:304 [ref. 32989]. 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Hippocampus Cuvier [G.] 1816:157 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Masc. Syngnathus hippocampus Linnaeus 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy. Same as Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810; Cuvier does not cite Rafinesque. •Synonym of Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Kottelat 2013:304 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Hymenolomus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:607 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Masc. Hymenolomus richardsonii Duméril 1870 (= Syngnathus hymenolomus Richardson 1845). Type by monotypy. Duméril's S. richardsonii is an unneeded substitute for S. hymenolomus Richardson. Apparently predates Protocampus Günther 1870 [but months of publication not researched]. •Synonym of Entelurus Duméril 1870 -- (Wheeler 1973:278 [ref. 7190]). Current status: Synonym of Entelurus Duméril 1870. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Ichthyocampus Kaup [J. J.] 1853:231 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 19 (pt. 1); ref. 2569] Masc. Syngnathus carce Hamilton 1822. Type by monotypy [not fully investigated] or designated by Duncker 1912 [ref. 1156]; not I. belcheri Kaup as cited by Jordan which was unavailable (name only) with original generic description. •Synonym of Hippichthys Bleeker 1849 -- (Stiller et al. 2022: Additional file p. 22 [ref. 39142]). •Valid as Ichthyocampus Kaup 1853 -- (Dawson 1977:600 [ref. 1066], Dawson 1985:105 [ref. 6541], Kottelat 1989:16 [ref. 13605], Ataur Rahman 1989:35 [ref. 24860], Liang in Pan et al. 1991:343 [ref. 23876], Paulus 1999:2266 [ref. 24794], Ataur Rahman 2003:50 [ref. 31338], Kuiter 2009:280 [ref. 30404], Kottelat 2013:305 [ref. 32989], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 2 [ref. 35615]). Current status: Valid as Ichthyocampus Kaup 1853. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Kaupia Smith [J. L. B.] 1963:533 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 27; ref. 6516] Fem. Syngnathus boaja Bleeker 1850. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Doryichthys Kaup 1856 -- (Dawson 1981:2 [ref. 5527], Dawson 1985:55 [ref. 6541], Roberts 1989:158 [ref. 6439], Kottelat 2013:302 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Doryichthys Kaup 1856. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Leptonotus Kaup [J. J.] 1853:232 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 19 (pt. 1); ref. 2569] Masc. Syngnathus blainvilleanus Eydoux & Gervais 1837. Type by monotypy, second included species as name only and not available; blainvillianus spelled blainvillei by Kaup. Also appeared in Kaup 1857:46 [ref. 2573]. •Valid as Leptonotus Kaup 1853 -- (Fritzsche 1980:190 [ref. 1511], Dawson 1982:40 [ref. 6764], Dawson 1985:111 [ref. 6541], Kuiter 2009:220 [ref. 30404], Stewart 2015:1056 [ref. 34254], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 2 [ref. 35615], Luzzatto & Estalles 2019:[1] [ref. 36805]). Current status: Valid as Leptonotus Kaup 1853. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Lophocampus (subgenus of Microphis) Dawson [C. E.] 1984:166 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 35 (no. 2); ref. 5879] Masc. Syngnathus retzii Bleeker 1856. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Microphis Kaup 1853, but a valid subgenus Lophocampus as described -- (Dawson 1985:126, 127 [ref. 6541]). •Valid as Lophocampus Dawson 1984 -- (Kottelat 2013:305 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Microphis Kaup 1853 -- (Dawson 1986:284 [ref. 6201], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:591 [ref. 27061], Haÿ et al. 2023:21 [ref. 40264]). Current status: Valid as Lophocampus Dawson 1984. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Micrognathus Duncker [G.] 1912:235 [Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen (Zoologischen) Museum in Hamburg v. 29; ref. 1156] Masc. Syngnathus brevirostris Rüppell 1838. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Micrognathus Duncker 1912 -- (Dawson 1982:25 [ref. 6764], Dawson 1982 [ref. 5441], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:87 [ref. 6441], Dawson 1985:121 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:454 [ref. 5650], Paxton et al. 1989:425 [ref. 12442], Paulus 1999:2269 [ref. 24794], Fritzsche & Vincent 2003:1222 [ref. 27044], Paxton et al. 2006:834 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2009:233 [ref. 30404], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 2 [ref. 35615], Fricke et al. 2018:124 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:51 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:95 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Micrognathus Duncker 1912. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Microphis Kaup [J. J.] 1853:234 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 19 (pt. 1); ref. 2569] Masc. Syngnathus cuncalus Hamilton 1822. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan 1919:254 [ref. 2410] as above; Jordan & Evermann 1898:773 [ref. 2443] have "(cuneatus)" as type, but that is apparently a misspelling for cuncalus Hamilton. Duncker 1912:229 [ref. 1156] wrongly says type is Microphis brachyurus Bleeker 1853 (not an originally-included species). Kottelat (2013) says designated by Jordan & Evermann 1896:773 as cuncalus, deemed to be cited in the correct original form. •Valid as Microphis Kaup 1853 -- (Dawson 1984 [ref. 5879], Dawson 1985:126 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:454 [ref. 5650], Paxton et al. 1989:425 [ref. 12442], Kottelat 1989:16 [ref. 13605], Ataur Rahman 1989:36 [ref. 24860], Allen 1991:107 [ref. 21090], Lévêque in Lévêque et al. 1992:578 [ref. 21590], Paulus 1999:2268 [ref. 24794], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:591 [ref. 27061], Ataur Rahman 2003:51 [ref. 31338], Paxton et al. 2006:835 [ref. 29073], Snoeks & Vreven 2007:579 [ref. 30079], Scharpf 2007:36 [ref. 30398], Kuiter 2009:271 [ref. 30404], Marshall 2011:262 [ref. 31755], Kottelat 2013:305 [ref. 32989], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 4 [ref. 35615], Fricke et al. 2018:124 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:96 [ref. 36673], Stiller et al. 2022: Additional file p. 22 [ref. 39142], Haÿ et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40264]). Current status: Valid as Microphis Kaup 1853. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Microsyngnathus (subgenus of Syngnathus) Herald [E. S.] 1959:468 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 29 (no. 13); ref. 2096] Masc. Syngnathus dunckeri Metzelaar 1919. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Bryx Herald 1940 -- (Fritzsche 1980:192 [ref. 1511], Dawson 1982:111 [ref. 6764], Dawson 1985:22 [ref. 6541]). Current status: Synonym of Bryx Herald 1940. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Mitotichthys Whitley [G. P.] 1948:75 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 4710] Masc. Syngnathus tuckeri Scott 1942. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Mitotichthys Whitley 1948 -- (Dawson 1984:100 [ref. 21119], Dawson 1985:145 [ref. 6541], Paxton et al. 1989:426 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:458 [ref. 22532], Paxton et al. 2006:836 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2008:467 [ref. 30642], Kuiter 2009:222 [ref. 30404], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 3 [ref. 35615], Stiller et al. 2022: Additional file p. 22 [ref. 39142]). Current status: Valid as Mitotichthys Whitley 1948. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Nematosoma Eichwald [C. E. von] 1831:60 [Zoologia specialis quam expositis animalibus tum vivis Pars posterior [3]; ref. 5562] Neut. Nematosoma ophidium Eichwald 1831 (= Scyphius teres Rathke 1837). Not based on Syngnathus ophidion Linnaeus. •Synonym of Nerophis Rafinesque 1810 -- (Wheeler 1973:277 [ref. 7190]). Current status: Synonym of Nerophis Rafinesque 1810. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Nerophis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:37, 57 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Masc. Syngnathus ophidion Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type sometimes given (e.g., as by Wheeler 1973:277) as Nerophis maculatus Rafinesque 1810; Rafinesque included both maculatus (on p. 37) and ophidion (on p. 57). Earliest designation found that of Jordan & Evermann 1896:774 [ref. 2443]. •Valid as Nerophis Rafinesque 1810 -- (Wheeler 1973:277 [ref. 7190], Dawson in Whitehead et al. 1986:632 [ref. 13676], Savvaitova 1998:113 [ref. 23594], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:183 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:500 [ref. 29996], Kuiter 2009:242 [ref. 30404], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:37 [ref. 36649], Parin et al. 2014:208 [ref. 33547], Lourie 2016:140 [ref. 34505], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 4 [ref. 35615], Stiller et al. 2022: Additional file p. 22 [ref. 39142]). Current status: Valid as Nerophis Rafinesque 1810. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Novacampus Whitley [G. P.] 1955:110 [Australian Zoologist v. 12 (pt 2); ref. 4722] Masc. Syngnathus norae Waite 1910. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Leptonotus Kaup 1853 -- (Fritzsche 1980:190 [ref. 1511], Dawson 1982:40 [ref. 6764], Dawson 1985:111 [ref. 6541]). Current status: Synonym of Leptonotus Kaup 1853. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Oxleyana Whitley [G. P.] 1937:121 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 11 (pt 2); ref. 4689] Fem. Syngnathus parviceps Ramsay & Ogilby 1886. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Hippichthys Bleeker 1849 -- (Dawson 1985:96 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:282 [ref. 6201], Kottelat 2013:303 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hippichthys Bleeker 1849. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Parasyngnathus (subgenus of Syngnathus) Duncker [G.] 1915:14, 29, 79 [Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen (Zoologischen) Museum in Hamburg v. 32; ref. 6567] Masc. Syngnathus argyrostictus Kaup 1856. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Hippichthys Bleeker 1849, but a valid subgenus Parasyngnathus as described -- (Dawson 1985:96 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:451 [ref. 5650]). •Valid as Parasyngnathus Duncker 1915 -- (Dawson 1984:74 [ref. 21119], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:86 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Hippichthys Bleeker 1849 -- (Dawson 1978:133 [ref. 7026], Dawson 1986:282 [ref. 6201], Kottelat 2013:303 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hippichthys Bleeker 1849. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Phyllopteryx (subgenus of Hippocampus) Swainson [W.] 1839:332 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Fem. Syngnathus foliatus Shaw 1804. Type by monotypy. Authorship of type is Shaw; Swainson's fig. 102 apparently a retracing of Shaw's pl. 180. •Possible synonym of Solegnathus Swainson 1839 -- (Stiller et al. 2022: Additional file p. 22 [ref. 39142]). •Valid as Phyllopteryx Swainson 1839 -- (Dawson 1985:158 [ref. 6541], Kuiter 1988 [ref. 6371], Paxton et al. 1989:428 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:463 [ref. 22532], Paxton et al. 2006:839 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2008:471 [ref. 30642], Kuiter 2009:158 [ref. 30404], Kottelat 2013:305 [ref. 32989], Orlando et al. 2015:1 [ref. 33686], Lourie 2016:152 [ref. 34505], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 3 [ref. 35615]). Current status: Valid as Phyllopteryx Swainson 1839. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Protocampus Günther [A.] 1870:193 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Masc. Syngnathus hymenolomus Richardson 1845. Type by monotypy. Same as Hymenolomus Duméril 1870; relative dates of publication not researched. Apparently an objective synonym of Hymenolomus Duméril 1870 of earlier date. •Synonym of Entelurus Duméril 1870 -- (Wheeler 1973:278 [ref. 7190]). Current status: Synonym of Entelurus Duméril 1870. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Pugnaso Whitley [G. P.] 1948:75 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 4710] Masc. Syngnathus curtirostris Castelnau 1872. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Pugnaso Whitley 1948 -- (Dawson 1984:95 [ref. 21119], Dawson 1985:162 [ref. 6541], Paxton et al. 1989:428 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:464 [ref. 22532], Paxton et al. 2006:839 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2008:472 [ref. 30642], Kuiter 2009:213 [ref. 30404], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 3 [ref. 35615]). Current status: Valid as Pugnaso Whitley 1948. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Scyphius Risso [A.] 1827:185 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Masc. Syngnathus fasciatus Risso 1810. Type by subsequent designation [details not researched], five included species. •Synonym of Nerophis Rafinesque 1810 -- (Wheeler 1973:277 [ref. 7190], Parin et al. 2014:208 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Nerophis Rafinesque 1810. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae.

Siphostoma Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:18 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Neut. Syngnathus pelagicus Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Apparently first type designation is by Jordan & Evermann 1896:761 [ref. 2443]. Spelled Siphonostomus and Siphonostoma by authors; Siphonostoma Agassiz 1846:342 [ref. 64] is an unjustified emendation. •Synonym of Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Wheeler 1973:274 [ref. 7190], Fritzsche 1980:198 [ref. 1511], Dawson 1982:55 [ref. 6764], Dawson 1985:181 [ref. 6541], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:229 [ref. 24550], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:592 [ref. 27061], Kottelat 2013:307 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Solegnathus (subgenus of Syngnathus) Swainson [W.] 1839:195, 333 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Masc. Syngnathus hardwickii Gray 1830. Type by monotypy. Solenognathus Agassiz 1846:343, 344 [ref. 64] is an unjustified emendation; this spelling also used by early authors (e.g., Bleeker). •Valid as Solegnathus Swainson 1839 -- (Dawson 1982 [ref. 5442], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:89 [ref. 6441], Dawson 1985:169 [ref. 6541], Paxton et al. 1989:429 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:465 [ref. 22532], Paulus 1999:2266 [ref. 24794], Paxton et al. 2006:840 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2008:472 [ref. 30642], Kuiter 2009:150 [ref. 30404], Stewart 2015:1059 [ref. 34254], Lourie 2016:152 [ref. 34505], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 3 [ref. 35615], Stiller et al. 2022: Additional file p. 22 [ref. 39142]). Current status: Valid as Solegnathus Swainson 1839. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Stigmatopora Kaup [J. J.] 1853:233 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 19 (pt. 1); ref. 2569] Fem. Syngnathus argus Richardson 1840. Type by monotypy, second species unavailable. Subsequent spellings include Stigmatophora (e.g., Kaup himself in 1856:52 [ref. 2575]) and Stigmatophota. •Valid as Stigmatopora Kaup 1853 -- (Dawson 1982 [ref. 5443], Dawson 1985:174 [ref. 6541], Paxton et al. 1989:430 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:467 [ref. 22532], Paxton et al. 2006:842 [ref. 29073], Browne & Smith 2007:1 [ref. 29428], Kuiter 2008:474 [ref. 30642], Kuiter 2009:286 [ref. 30404], Stewart 2015:1060 [ref. 34254], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 3 [ref. 35615], Short & Trevor-Jones 2020:105 [ref. 37943]). Current status: Valid as Stigmatopora Kaup 1853. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Syngnathus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:336 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Masc. Syngnathus acus Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Fowler 1906:93 [ref. 1371], predating Jordan 1912:103 as given by ICZN; on Official List (Opinion 77, Direction 56); Syngnathus Rafinesque 1810 placed on Official Index (Direction 56). Name spelled Sygnatus by Wulff 1765:52 [ref. 17844], and Singnatus by Anonymous (Cabrera, Pérez & Haenseler) 1817:10 [ref. 17319], see Graells 1887:184 [ref. 30438]. Also appeared as new in Billberg 1833:52, 53 [ref. 34146] with reference to Artedi 1738:2 [ref. 30349], 1738:1 [ref. 30578]; see Kullander 2016:111 [ref. 34147]. •Valid as Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Wheeler 1973:274 [ref. 7190], Fritzsche 1980:198 [ref. 1511], Dawson 1982:55 [ref. 6764], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:87 [ref. 6441], Dawson 1985:181 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:287 [ref. 6201], Dawson 1986:457 [ref. 5650], Liang in Pan et al. 1991:340 [ref. 23876], Savvaitova 1998:113 [ref. 23594], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:228 [ref. 24550], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:335 [ref. 25968], Fritzsche & Vincent 2003:1222 [ref. 27044], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:592 [ref. 27061], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:183 [ref. 28183], Teske et al. 2004:274 [ref. 31602], Scharpf 2007:36 [ref. 30398], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:500 [ref. 29996], Kuiter 2009:244 [ref. 30404], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:37 [ref. 36649], Kottelat 2013:307 [ref. 32989], Parin et al. 2014:208 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:895 [ref. 34062], Pietsch & Orr 2015:29 [ref. 34694], Lourie 2016:147 [ref. 34505], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 3 [ref. 35615], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:59 [ref. 35138], Matsunuma 2017:385 [ref. 35141], Esmaeili et al. 2017:94 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:76 [ref. 36089], Golani & Fricke 2018:52 [ref. 36273], Oruç & Engin 2018:1 [ref. 35841]). Current status: Valid as Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Syrictes Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1927:504 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 16 (no. 15); ref. 2453] Masc. Syngnathus fuscus Storer 1839. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Described as a new genus of Syngnathidae, but they also state, "This subgenus includes..." •Synonym of Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fritzsche 1980:198 [ref. 1511], Dawson 1982:55 [ref. 6764], Dawson 1985:181 [ref. 6541], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:592 [ref. 27061], Kottelat 2013:307 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Tigricampus Whitley [G. P.] 1934 [Supplement to the check-list of the fishes of New South Wales; ref. 4682] Masc. Syngnathus tigris Castelnau 1879. Considered by Dawson 1985 to be a nomen nudum, however Whitley indicated a type species and referred to treatment in McCulloch 1922. •Synonym of Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Tiphle Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:18 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Fem. Tiphle hexagonus Rafinesque 1810 (= Syngnathus typhle Linnaeus 1758). Type by subsequent designation. Apparently earliest type designation is by Jordan 1917:78 [ref. 2407]. Genus spelled Tiphle and Linnaeus' species misspelled tiphle instead of typhle, so no tautonymy. Not preoccupied by Typhle Lacepède 1800 in mammals. •Synonym of Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Wheeler 1973:274 [ref. 7190], Dawson 1982:55 [ref. 6764], Dawson 1985:181 [ref. 6541], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:592 [ref. 27061], Kottelat 2013:307 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Trachyrhamphus Kaup [J. J.] 1853:231 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 19 (pt. 1); ref. 2569] Masc. Syngnathus serratus Temminck & Schlegel 1850. Type by monotypy - only one available species among three included. As Trachyrhynchus Kaup 1856:25 (name only). Spelled Trachyrrhamphus by Duncker 1902:232 [not researched]. •Valid as Trachyrhamphus Kaup 1853 -- (Dawson et al. 1979:248 [ref. 21118], Dawson 1984 [ref. 5291], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:88 [ref. 6441], Dawson 1985:190 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:457 [ref. 5650], Paxton et al. 1989:431 [ref. 12442], Paxton et al. 2006:844 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2009:209 [ref. 30404], Lourie 2016:148 [ref. 34505], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 3 [ref. 35615], Fricke et al. 2018:127 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:52 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Trachyrhamphus Kaup 1853. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.

Vanacampus (subgenus of Parasyngnathus) Whitley [G. P.] 1951:62 [Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales v. for 1949-50; ref. 4711] Masc. Syngnathus vercoi Waite & Hale 1921. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Vanacampus Whitley 1951 -- (Dawson 1984:80 [ref. 21119], Dawson 1985:197 [ref. 6541], Paxton et al. 1989:432 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:472 [ref. 22532], Paxton et al. 2006:845 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2008:477 [ref. 30642], Kuiter 2009:214 [ref. 30404], Lourie 2016:149 [ref. 34505], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 4 [ref. 35615]). Current status: Valid as Vanacampus Whitley 1951. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae.