Species that contain: Syngnathus and spicifer [ 7 ] records

gastrotaenia, Syngnathus Bleeker [P.] 1853:713 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 16833] Wahai, Ceram, Indonesia. Syntypes: (5) ?BMNH 1867.11.28.347 (1), ?MNHN 0000-6023 [ex RMNH] (1), RMNH 7230 (probably 3 of 5). •Synonym of Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838) -- (Dawson 1978:142 [ref. 7026], Dawson 1985:98 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:283 [ref. 6201], Kottelat 2013:304 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838). Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gracilis, Syngnathus Steindachner [F.] 1901:458, Pl. 18 (fig. 1) [Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft v. 25; ref. 14769] Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838) -- (Dawson 1978:142 [ref. 7026], Dawson 1985:99 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:283 [ref. 6201], Kottelat 2013:304 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838). Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hunnii, Syngnathus Bleeker [P.] 1860:70 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 2); ref. 375] Tandjong, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 7231. Type catalog: Dawson 1985:99 [ref. 6541]. •Synonym of Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838) -- (Dawson 1978:142 [ref. 7026], Dawson 1985:99 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:283 [ref. 6201], Kottelat 2013:304 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838). Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

perlatus, Syngnathus Lay [G. T.] & Bennett [E. T.] 1839:68, Pl. 21 (fig. 1) [The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage; ref. 2730] Loo-Choo, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype (unique): Zoological Society London. •Questionably a synonym of Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838) -- (Dawson 1985:98 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:283 [ref. 6201], Kottelat 2013:304 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838). Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

rivalis, Syngnathus spicifer var. Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1868:276 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1868; ref. 3442] Basey River, Samar; Tacloban, Leyte, Philippines. Syntypes: ZMB 732 (1), 6631 (1). •Synonym of Hippichthys heptagonus Bleeker 1849 -- (Dawson 1978:136 [ref. 7026], Dawson 1986:282 [ref. 6201], Kottelat 2013:303 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hippichthys heptagonus Bleeker 1849. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

spicifer, Syngnathus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:143, Pl. 33 (fig. 4) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] El-Tor, Sinai coast, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, ca. 28°14'N, 33°36'E. Lectotype: SMF 937. Non-types: SMF 4908 (1). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:77 [ref. 29757] but Rüppell 1838 mentioned only one specimen. •Valid as Syngnathus spicifer Rüppell 1838 -- (Wu & Lu in Kuang et al. 1986:199 [ref. 26639] dated 1840, Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:229 [ref. 24550]). •Valid as Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838) -- (Dawson 1978:142 [ref. 7026], Dor 1984:77 [ref. 29757], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:86 [ref. 6441], Dawson 1985:98 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:452 [ref. 5650], Dawson 1986:283 [ref. 6201], Paxton et al. 1989:420 [ref. 12442], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:452 [ref. 25598], Allen 1991:107 [ref. 21090], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:766 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:99 [ref. 23448], Goren & Dor 1994:20 [ref. 25356], Rainboth 1996:176 [ref. 22772], Kottelat et al. 1993:99 [ref. 23448], Paulus 1999:2271 [ref. 24794] as spezifer, Nakabo 2000:524 [ref. 25086], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:604 [ref. 25122], Sakai et al. 2001:91 [ref. 25693], Allen et al. 2002:337 [ref. 25930], Nakabo 2002:524 [ref. 26001], Myers & Donaldson 2003:618 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:10 [ref. 27624], Tan & Lim 2004:110 [ref. 27716], Seegers et al. 2003:41 [ref. 28087], Fricke 2004:31 [ref. 28269], Randall 2005:109 [ref. 28239], Paxton et al. 2006:824 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2009:278 [ref. 30404], Jenkins & Mailautoka 2010:114 [ref. 30900], Motomura et al. 2010:87 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:375 [ref. 31242], Kottelat 2013:304 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:47 [ref. 33932], Miesen et al. 2016:87 [ref. 34492], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 1 [ref. 35615], Fricke et al. 2018:123 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:50 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:30 [ref. 36883], Zajonz et al. 2019:68 [ref. 36871], Taki et al. 2021:341 [ref. 39830], Moots 2022:463 [ref. 39722], Parvathy et al. 2023:[2] [ref. 41185]). Current status: Valid as Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838). Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastrn Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

tapeinosoma, Syngnathus Bleeker [P.] 1854:376 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 13961] Anjer, western Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 7229. •Synonym of Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838) -- (Dawson 1978:142 [ref. 7026], Dor 1984:77 [ref. 29757], Dawson 1985:98 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:283 [ref. 6201], Kottelat 2013:304 [ref. 32989], Golani & Fricke 2018:50 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838). Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.