Species that contain: Tylosurus and acus and melanotus [ 4 ] records

acus, Sphyraena Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Plumier) 1803:325, 327, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Martinique Island or West Indies, western Atlantic. No types known. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:23 [ref. 22813]. Based on a Plumier drawing. Placed on Official Index in Opinion 900 [ref. 13280] (1970); suppressed for purpose of priority but not for homonymy. This name would then be regarded as a synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) following ICZN Opinion 900, but that has not been followed by subsequent authors since 1965; in the interest of stability, continued usage of acus was recommended (see Collette & 2003:10 [ref. 27306]). But Opinion 2169 (in 2007) reinstated acus as a valid name -- see Collette & Parin 2005:232 [ref. 28549]. Five subspecies are recognized following Collette & Parin 1970: T. a. acus (Lacepède 1803) in the western Atlantic, T. a. imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) in the Mediterranean Sea, T. a. rafale Collette and Parin 1970 in the Gulf of Guinea, T. a. melanotus (Bleeker 1850) throughout the Indo-west Pacific and extending into the eastern Pacific, and T. a. pacificus (Steindachner 1876) in the eastern Pacific; the latter was subsequently raised to species level by Collette & Banford (2001 [ref. 25982]). •Valid as Esox acus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Herrera 1896:31 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Tylosurus acus subspecies acus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:166 [ref. 25013], Collette & Banford 2001:51 [ref. 25982], Collette et al. 2003:102 [ref. 26784], Collette 2003:1112 [ref. 26981], Collette 2003:9, 10 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:718 [ref. 28995], Allen & Erdmann 2012:165 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:103 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:32 [ref. 33341], Psomadakis et al. 2015:176 [ref. 34104]). •Valid as Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Collette & Berry 1965:391 [ref. 13367], Parin 1967:52 [ref. 10272], Collette & Parin 1970:41 [ref. 7415], Parin 1973:260 [ref. 7191], Dor 1984:65 [ref. 29757], Collette & Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:608 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:106 [ref. 23100], Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442], Cervigón 1991:227 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:84 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:270 [ref. 23827], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:584 [ref. 21590], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:87 [ref. 22896], Santos et al. 1997:126 [ref. 23531], Larson & Williams 1997:350 [ref. 23967], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:69 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:268 [ref. 24023], Arruda 1997:62 [ref. 24952], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:939 [ref. 23897], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:104 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:206 [ref. 24550], Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471], Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:67 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:99 [ref. 27807], Golani 2005:29 [ref. 37112], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Randall 2007:138 [ref. 30952] with subspecies, Fricke 2008:22 [ref. 30182], Larson et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32988], Collette 2016:2126 [ref. 34601], Carneiro et al. 2019:199 [ref. 37250], Collette & Bemis 2019:42 [ref. 37342], Reiner 2019:131 [ref. 38139], Kovačić et al. 2020:30 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:336 [ref. 37272], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:319 [ref. 38945], Golani 2021:31 [ref. 38303], Collette 2022:379 [ref. 39718], Carvalho-Filho 2023:92 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:111 [ref. 40726]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). Belonidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas, except eastern Pacific. Some authors recognize 4 subspecies; acus acus occurs in the western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

appendiculatus, Belone Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:580 [140] [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMNS 1615 (1, dry); ?NMW 14235 (1); ZMB 10584 (1, missing), 10689 (1). Type catalog: Paepke & Seegers 1986:145-146 [ref. 19981], Fricke 1992:6 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:15 [ref. 29864]. On p. 140 of separate volume. Belone is feminine, so the original spelling probably should have been Belone appendiculata as used by some early authors. •Valid as Belone appendiculatus Klunzinger 1871 -- (Mees 1962:16 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Dor 1984:65 [ref. 29757], Paxton et al. 2006:719 [ref. 28995]). •Valid as Tylosaurus appendiculatus (Klunzinger 1871) -- (Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies melanotus (Bleeker 1850) -- (Parin 1967:53 [ref. 10272], Randall 1995:87 [ref. 22896], Collette 1999:2159 [ref. 24785], Collette & Banford 2001:52 [ref. 25982], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306], Mundy 2005:282 [ref. 28379], Fourriére et al. 2016:443 [ref. 34668]). •Synonym of Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker 1850) -- (Golani & Fricke 2018:43 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker 1850). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

auloceps, Strongylura Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1923:12 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 63 (no. 2488); ref. 1474] Fiji Islands or Samoa, South Pacific. Holotype (unique): USNM 83422. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:4 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:45 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies melanotus (Bleeker 1850) -- (Parin 1967:55 [ref. 10272], Collette et al. 1992:4 [ref. 19410], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306]). •Valid as Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker 1850) Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker 1850). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

melanotus, Belone Bleeker [P.] 1850:94 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 13402] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 6940. Lectotype selected by Mees 1962:55 [ref. 13277]. •Valid as Belone melanota Bleeker 1850 -- (Mees 1962:53 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), but a valid subspecies melanotus -- (Parin 1967:53 [ref. 10272], Dor 1984:65 [ref. 29757], Yoshida in Masuda et al. 1984:79 [ref. 6441], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Collette in Fischer et al. 1995:920 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:87 [ref. 22896], Allen & Robertson 1997:821 [ref. 41086], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:268 [ref. 24023] [but see McCosker 1998:810 [ref. 24025]], Myers 1999:75 [ref. 23965], Collette 1999:2159 [ref. 24785], Nakabo 2000:563 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:9 [ref. 25806], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:97 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Collette & Banford 2001:51 [ref. 25982], Nakabo 2002:563 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:219, 545 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:26 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Mundy 2005:282 [ref. 28379], Randall 2005:81 [ref. 28239], Motomura et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31256], Yoshida et al. 2013:64 [ref. 34464], Musikasinthorn in Kimura et al. 2018:62 [ref. 36460], Kim et al. 2020:81 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:41 [ref. 37637], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:8 [ref. 39607]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Parin 1973:260 [ref. 7191], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker 1850) -- (Chen et al. 1997:24 [ref. 26476], Fricke et al. 2014:40 [ref. 33932], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Fricke et al. 2018:106 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:43 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:22 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:81 [ref. 36673], Collette 2022:379 [ref. 39718], Jamandre 2023:161 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker 1850). Belonidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France) and Cocos Island (Costa Rica), north to Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan). Habitat: marine.