Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Apogonidae: [ 532 ] records

abo, Apogon Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1935:402 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 18 (no. 12); ref. 2109] Sepik River at Koragu, New Guinea. Holotype: FMNH 17307. Paratypes: FMNH 17308-10 (1, 1, 1); CAS-SU 24460 (1 of 3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:71 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:10 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Glossamia gjellerupi (Weber & de Beaufort 1929) -- (Allen & Coates 1990:85 [ref. 25561]). •Valid as Glossamia abo (Herre 1935) -- (T. Fraser pers. com. 9/2000, Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426]). Current status: Valid as Glossamia abo (Herre 1935). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: New Guinea: Sepik River drainage. Habitat: freshwater.

abocellata, Fowleria Goren [M.] & Karplus [I.] 1980:232, Pl. 1; Fig. 1 [Zoologische Mededeelingen (Leiden) v. 55 (no. 20); ref. 6903] Eilat, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Holotype: TAU 7377 [= SMNHTAU]. Paratypes: RMNH 28022 [ex TAU [= SMNHTAU] 7378] (2), TAU [= SMNHTAU] 7378 (now 2). •Valid as Foa abocellata (Goren & Karplus 1980) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:144 [ref. 6441], Ho et al. 1993:8 [ref. 22789], Nakabo 2000:754 [ref. 25086] with authors as Goren & Karpuls, Nakabo 2002:754 [ref. 26001] with authors as Goren & Karpuls). •See Anderson et al. 1998:23 [ref. 23611]. •Valid as Fowleria abocellata Goren & Karplus 1980 -- (Dor 1984:118 [ref. 29757], Paxton et al. 1989:554 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:31 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:151 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Randall et al. 1994:227 [ref. 21645], Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:164 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:152 [ref. 23922], Fricke 1999:234 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945]). •Synonym of Fowleria vaiulae (Jordan & Seale 1906) -- (Gon & Randall 2003:36 [ref. 26750], Randall 2005:200 [ref. 28239], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:330 [ref. 28867], Allen et al. 2006:1102 [ref. 29004], Golani & Fricke 2018:74 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:37 [ref. 37020]). Current status: Synonym of Fowleria vaiulae (Jordan & Seale 1906). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

abrogramma, Apogon Fraser [T. H.] & Lachner [E. A.] 1985:5, Fig. 1 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 412; ref. 5215] West of northwestern tip of Anonyme Island, Seychelles. Holotype: USNM 213094. Paratypes: ANSP 127821 (12); FMNH 75703 (3), 75692 (1), 75794-97 (1, 32, 3, 35), 75848 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 1894 (5), 3308-09 (2, 1); USNM 205216 (4), 211584-97 (16, 23, 7, 4, 2, 12, 9, 7, 5, 5, 2, 2, 25, 5), 225693-94 (15, 7). •Valid as Apogon abrogramma Fraser & Lachner 1985 -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:34 [ref. 26830]). •Valid as Pristiapogon abrogramma (Fraser & Lachner 1985) -- (Randall 2005:210 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2012:406 [ref. 31980] as abogramma, Fricke et al. 2014:76 [ref. 33932] as abogramma, Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2018:173 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:137 [ref. 36673], Fraser et al. 2022:204 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Pristiapogon abrogramma (Fraser & Lachner 1985). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Chagos Archipelago and Sri Lanka east to Philippines and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

adspersus, Apogonichthys Castelnau [F. L.] 1878:226 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 761] Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:95 [ref. 12478]. •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Incertae sedis in Apogonidae -- (Allen et al. 2006:1112 [ref. 29004]). Apogonidae: Apogoninae.

affinis, Chilodipterus Poey [F.] 1875:58 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 11 (nos 3-4) (art. 6); ref. 18564] Havana, Cuba. Syntypes: (3) USNM 37416 (orig. 3, now 2). •Valid as Apogon affinis (Poey 1875) -- (Fraser & Robins 1970:311 [ref. 1485], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:319 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:152 [ref. 23100], Maugé 1990:714 [ref. 17126], Boschung 1992:126 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:20 [ref. 24474], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:223 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:158 [ref. 27754], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:220 [ref. 28815], Wirtz et al. 2007:10, 31 [ref. 30263], Baldwin et al. 2011:19 [ref. 31688], Page et al. 2013:142 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:45 [ref. 33341], Gon in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2427 [ref. 34618]). •Valid as Paroncheilus affinis (Poey 1875) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:42 [ref. 36965], Reiner 2019:180 [ref. 38139], Robertson et al. 2020:150 [ref. 38098], Eduardo et al. 2022:9 [ref. 39574], Fermon et al. 2022:219 [ref. 39448], Carvalho-Filho 2023:131 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Paroncheilus affinis (Poey 1875). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico south to Espíritu Santo (Brazil); eastern Atlantic: Ivory coast south to northern Angola, including Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

africanus, Gymnapogon Smith [J. L. B.] 1954:791, Fig. 3; Pl. 13 (fig. F) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 7 (no. 82) (art. 97); ref. 4093] Shimoni, Kenya, 4°40'S, 39°30'E. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 358. Paratypes: (17) SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 776-778 (5, 1, 4), 853 (2). •Valid as Gymnapogon africanus Smith 1954 -- (Gon 1986:560 [ref. 5657], Gon & Golani 2002:348 [ref. 26497], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Fraser 2016:431 [ref. 34421], Fricke et al. 2018:169 [ref. 35805], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:74 [ref. 36965], Yoshida et al. 2019:96 [ref. 36901], Fraser et al. 2022:188 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Gymnapogon africanus Smith 1954. Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa (Mozambique, Kenya) east to Seychelles and Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

ahimsa, Apogonichthys Whitley [G. P.] 1959:314 [Australian Zoologist v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 4729] Heron Island, Capricorn Group, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: AMS IB.4036. Paratypes: AMS IB.4037-39 (8 in 1 bottle), IB.4056 (1) •Synonym of Apogonichthys ocellatus (Weber 1913) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:551 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Apogon chrysurus Ogilby 1889 -- (Fraser 2006:140 [ref. 28665] but misspelled ahmisa). •Valid as Apogonichthys ahimsa Whitley 1959 -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:6 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthys ahimsa Whitley 1959. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

albimaculosus, Apogon Kailola [P. J.] 1976:131, Fig. 1 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 30 (no. 8); ref. 7344] Between Gloucester Island and Bowen, northern Queensland, Australia, 20°01'S, 148°15'E, depth 10 fathoms. Holotype: AMS IB.8347. Paratypes: AMS I.15557-287 (1), I.16232-001 (2, 1 c&s), I.16895-001 (1), I.16896-001 (1), 17818-001 (1); CSIRO A 2521 (1). •Valid as Apogon albimaculosus Kailola 1976 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:545 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:356 [ref. 23967], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Fraser 2006:140 [ref. 28665], Allen et al. 2006:1083 [ref. 29004], Larson et al. 2013:109 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Foa albimaculosa (Kailola 1976) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:379 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426]). •Valid as Ozichthys albimaculosus (Kailola 1976) -- (Fraser 2014:285 [ref. 33453], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:17 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ozichthys albimaculosus (Kailola 1976). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

albomarginata, Amia Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1912:438, Pl. 35 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 41 (no. 1868); ref. 3576] Fish market, Cavite, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 68402. •Synonym of Apogon novaeguineae Valenciennes 1832 -- (Gon 1997:170 [ref. 23065] as novaeguinae). •Valid as Apogon albomarginata (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Hayashi 2004:46 [ref. 27898], Kottelat 2013:329 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Jaydia novaeguineae (Valenciennes 1832) -- (Yu et al. 2016:1 [ref. 34816]). •Valid as Jaydia albomarginata (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426] as albimarginatus, Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429] as albomarginatus, Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:239 [ref. 34742], Motomura et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35490], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:169 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia albomarginata (Smith & Radcliffe 1912). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

alleni, Cheilodipterus Gon [O.] 1993:10, Pl. 4 (fig. A); Figs. 3A, 4 [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 22; ref. 21133] Outer reef caves, Tab Island, Madang, Papua New Guinea, depth 12-17 meters. Holotype: WAM P.30364-006. Paratypes: BMNH 1993.10.26.1 (1); USNM 326643 (1); WAM P.30340-002 (1), P.30361-001 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:26 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Cheilodipterus alleni Gon 1993 -- (Allen 1997:106 [ref. 23977], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Allen & Erdmann 2012:375 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:70 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Ranjith et al. 2015:57 [ref. 34723], Fricke et al. 2019:131 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:53 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus alleni Gon 1993. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

alutus, Apogon Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:279 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 282); ref. 2472] Snapper banks off Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. (stomach content). Holotype (unique): USNM 30874. •Valid as Astrapogon alutus (Jordan & Gilbert 1882) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:153 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:127 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:22 [ref. 24474], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Smith et al. 2003:29 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:229 [ref. 28815], Baldwin et al. 2009:16 [ref. 30053], Page et al. 2013:143 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:46 [ref. 33341], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:42 [ref. 36965], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Astrapogon alutus (Jordan & Gilbert 1882). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

amblyuropterus, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1853:695 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 16833] Wahai, Ceram, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5612. •Valid as Fowleria amblyuroptera (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:14 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Fowleria amblyuroptera (Bleeker 1853). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Ceram (Maluku, Indonesia) Habitat: marine.

amblyuropterus, Cheilodipterus Bleeker [P.] 1856:395 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 353] Kajeli, Buru Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5613. Apparently not the same as Apogon amblyuropterus Bleeker 1852, but needs further research. •Valid as Pseudamia amblyuroptera (Bleeker 1852) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:150 [ref. 6441] as amblyuropteraus, Randall et al. 1985:5 [ref. 9188], Randall & Ida 1993:11 [ref. 20715], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Allen 1997:106 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:510 [ref. 25919], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Myers 1999:134 [ref. 23965], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830] dated to 1856, Yoshigou & Yoshino 2004:2 [ref. 27713], Allen et al. 2006:1106 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:55 [ref. 31255], Allen & Erdmann 2012:408 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:77 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:40 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:138 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:189 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Pseudamia amblyuroptera (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Singapore and Indonesia east to Palau, Yap Island and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Philippines. Habitat: brackish, marine.

amboinensis, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1854:329 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 5117] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: (3) lost. •Valid as Apogon amboinensis Bleeker 1854 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:148 [ref. 6441], Yu & Zhou in Kuang et al. 1986:225 [ref. 26639], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:517 [ref. 25598], Allen 1991:131 [ref. 21090], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:371 [ref. 23876], Kottelat et al. 1993:109 [ref. 23448], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:767 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:612 [ref. 25122], Sakai et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:767 [ref. 26001], Tan & Lim 2004:110 [ref. 27716], Shao et al. 2008:249 [ref. 29952], Yoshida & Motomura 2009:96 [ref. 30885], Yoshida et al. 2010:28 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:104 [ref. 31256], Kottelat 2013:329 [ref. 32989] dated 1854). •Valid as Ostorhinchus amboinensis (Bleeker 1854) -- (Fricke et al. 2014:73 [ref. 33932]). •Valid as Fibramia amboinensis (Bleeker 1854) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:183 [ref. 36965], Furuhashi et al. 2023:23 [ref. 40140]). Current status: Valid as Fibramia amboinensis (Bleeker 1854). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines to Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

americana, Apogon rexmullorum var. Pictet [F.-J.] 1836:185 [Bibliothèque Universelle de Genève, Nouvelle Série v. 1; ref. 26136] Syntypes: MHNG 1060.89 (1). Type catalog: Weber 1998:12 [ref. 32707]. Species originally as rex mullorum. Species apparently predates Apogon americanus Castelnau 1855; a species currently recognized as valid. Current usage should be maintained. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

americanum, Apogon Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:3, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MNHN 0000-8688. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:59 [ref. 12478]. Apparently preoccupied by Apogon rexmullorum var americana Pictet 1836 -- an unused name; current usage should be continued. •Valid as Apogon americanus Castelnau 1855 -- (Gilbert 1977:27 [ref. 21333], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27192], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Pinheiro et al. 2015:16 [ref. 34324], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:24 [ref. 36965], Guabiroba et al. 2020:701 [ref. 37571], Carvalho-Filho in Marceniuk et al. 2021:215 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:130 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Apogon americanus Castelnau 1855. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Great Amazon Reef system south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Fernando Noronha Archipelago, Saint Paul's Rocks and Vitória-Trinidade Seamount Chain. Habitat: marine.

andhrae, Apogon Dutt [S.] & Radhakrishna Rao [M. P. R.] 1980:743, Fig. 1a [Journal of Natural History v. 14 (no. 5); ref. 8723] Visakhapatnam, India. Holotype: BMNH 1978.12.18.1 (82 mm). Paratypes: (6) BMNH 1978.12.18.2 (1); plus additional material (12). •Synonym of Apogon smithi (Kotthaus 1970) -- (Gon 1997:177 [ref. 23065]). •Synonym of Jaydia smithi Kotthaus 1970 -- (Fraser et al. 2022:216 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Jaydia smithi Kotthaus 1970. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

angustata, Amia Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1911:253, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 41 (no. 1853); ref. 14806] Malanipa Island, east of Zamboanga, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 68399. Paratypes: (1). First author is H. M. Smith. •Valid as Apogon angustatus (Smith & Radcliffe 1911) -- (Dor 1984:111 [ref. 29757], Gon 1986:548 [ref. 5657], Randall & Lachner 1986:117 [ref. 9722], Allen & Swainston 1988:66 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:545 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:29 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:138 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Goren & Dor 1994:29 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:102 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:144 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:138 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:125 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:224 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Randall 1999:13 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:772 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:612 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:211 [ref. 25191], Randall 2001:57 [ref. 25215], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:772 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:34 [ref. 26830], Fraser & Randall 2003:5 [ref. 26789], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S105 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:13 [ref. 27624] dated 1912, Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:183 [ref. 28072], Allen et al. 2006:1083 [ref. 29004], Shibukawa 2009:103 [ref. 30449], Yoshida et al. 2010:29 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:104 [ref. 31256], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:67 [ref. 35264]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus angustatus (Smith & Radcliffe 1911) -- (Randall 2005:202 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2009:52 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:387 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:112 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:73 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Koeda et al. 2016:33 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:170 [ref. 35805] with author as Günther 1872, Fricke et al. 2019:133 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:120 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:195 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus angustatus (Smith & Radcliffe 1911). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Aliwal Shoal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Caroline Islands (Micronesia), Line Islands (Kiribati) and Pitcairn Group, north to Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

anisolepis, Apogon Böhlke [J. E.] & Randall [J. E.] 1968:182, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 120 (no. 4); ref. 7874] About 1/4 mile north of Green Cay, vicinity of Nassau, Bahamas, depth 50 feet. Holotype: ANSP 111752. Paratypes: USNM 198009 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:20 [ref. 13621] as anisolepsis. •Synonym of Apogon evermanni Jordan & Snyder 1904 -- (Randall & Böhlke 1981:131 [ref. 8562], Hayashi et al. 1992:3 [ref. 24311], Randall 1998:32 [ref. 23433]). •Synonym of Zapogon evermanni (Jordan & Snyder 1904) -- (Randall 2007:216 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Zapogon evermanni (Jordan & Snyder 1904). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

annona, Australaphia Whitley [G. P.] 1936:49, Fig. 6 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 11 (pt 1); ref. 4687] Lindeman Island, Whittsunday Passage, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS IA.6469. Type information: Koumans 1940:170-171 [ref. 2676]. •Valid as Gymnapogon annona (Whitley 1936) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:555 [ref. 12442], Larson & Williams 1997:357 [ref. 23967], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Allen et al. 2006:1104 [ref. 29004], Larson et al. 2013:110 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Fraser 2016:431 [ref. 34421], Fraser 2019:95 [ref. 36720], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:74 [ref. 36965], Yoshida et al. 2019:96 [ref. 36901]). Current status: Valid as Gymnapogon annona (Whitley 1936). Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Queensland (Australia); possibly Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

annularis, Apogon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:48 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 1774. Paralectotypes: SMF 4679-81 (3). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:111 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. •Valid as Apogon annularis Rüppell 1829 -- (Dor 1984:111 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:29 [ref. 25356], Fraser et al. 1999:5 [ref. 24562], Gon & Randall 2003:6 [ref. 26750]). •Valid as Nectamia annularis (Rüppell 1829) -- (Fraser 2008:8 [ref. 29471], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:75 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:174 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:218 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Nectamia annularis (Rüppell 1829). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

aphanes, Ostorhinchus Fraser [T. H.] 2012:77, Figs. 1A, 1B. [Zootaxa No. 3492; ref. 32177] Off Uchelbeluu Reef (short drop-off), 7°16'24.8"N, 134°01'26.6"E, Palau, depth 73 meters. Holotype: ROM 81239. Paratypes: ROM 1839cs (1, cleared and stained). •Valid as Ostorhinchus aphanes Fraser 2012 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:103 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus aphanes Fraser 2012. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Palau. Habitat: marine.

apogonoides, Cheilodipterus Bleeker [P.] 1856:37 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1 (6); ref. 352] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5607. Spelled apogonoïdes on pp. 3, 11, apogonides on p. 37 (spelling error); Günther 1859:224 [ref. 1961] acted as first reviser using apogonoides. •Valid as Apogon apogonoides (Bleeker 1856) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:147 [ref. 6441], Fraser & Randall 1986:644 [ref. 8091], Gon 1986:548 [ref. 5657], Winterbottom et al. 1989:29 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:138 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Kuiter 1993:156 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:144 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:138 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:125 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:224 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268] as apogonides, Nakabo 2000:775 [ref. 25086] as apogonides, Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:612 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:211 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:12 [ref. 25806], Nakabo 2002:775 [ref. 26001] as apogonides, Allen & Adrim 2003:34 [ref. 26830] as apogonides, Gon & Randall 2003:6 [ref. 26750] as apogonides, Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495] as apogonides, Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:184 [ref. 28072] as apogonides, Allen et al. 2006:1083 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:29 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:104 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:8 [ref. 39915] as apogonides). •Valid as Ostorhinchus apogonides (Bleeker 1856) -- (Randall 2005:202 [ref. 28239], Koeda et al. 2016:33 [ref. 35333]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus apogonoides (Bleeker 1856) -- (Fricke et al. 2009:52 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:387 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:73 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2018:170 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:76 [ref. 36273], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:160 [ref. 40104] as Apogon apogonides, Fricke et al. 2019:133 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:83 [ref. 36965], Psomadakis et al. 2020:407 [ref. 37272], Durville et al. 2021:311 [ref. 38802], Wada et al. 2021:40 [ref. 38521], Fraser et al. 2022:195 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus apogonoides (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Aliwal Shoal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Philippines and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to Amami Islands (southern Japan), south to Queensland (Australia) and Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia). Habitat: marine.

aprion, Apogon Richardson [J.] 1842:16 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 9 (no. 55); ref. 21245] King's River near Victoria, Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia. Holotype: BMNH 1972.6.8.1. Paratypes: BMNH 1853.1.4.11 (right half skin, poor condition). •Valid as Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842) -- (Roberts 1978:56 [ref. 8886], Paxton et al. 1989:555 [ref. 12442], Allen & Leggett 1990:539 [ref. 20887], Larson & Martin 1990:55 [ref. 16606], Allen 1991:132 [ref. 21090], Pollard in McDowall 1996:181 [ref. 22909], Pusey et al. 2000:72 [ref. 24466], Allen et al. 2000:105 [ref. 27467], Unmack 2001:1063 [ref. 25797], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2002:246 [ref. 25930], Morgan et al. 2004:150 [ref. 27718], Allen et al. 2006:1103 [ref. 29004], Allen et al. 2008:129 [ref. 30265], Morgan et al. 2011:17 [ref. 31262], Hadiaty & Allen 2011:179 [ref. 31448], Larson et al. 2013:110 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Pusey et al. 2017:64 [ref. 35250], Cook et al. 2017:[13] [ref. 35342], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:66 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southern-central New Guinea (Papua Province, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea); Kimberley (Western Australia), coastal drainages of Northern Territory and Queensland (Australia). Habitat: freshwater.

arabica, Perca Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1312 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. No types known. New name for Perca lineata (non Linnaeus 1758) Forsskål 1775. •Synonym of Cheilodipterus caninus Smith 1949 -- (Dor 1984:117 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Cheilodipterus lineatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Gon 1993:27 [ref. 21133] [but Forsskål's name is preoccupied, arabicus should have been used as the valid name], Gon & Randall 2003:31 [ref. 26750]). •Valid as Cheilodipterus arabicus (Gmelin 1789) -- (Randall 1995:162 [ref. 22896], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Fricke 2008:30 [ref. 30182], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2018:166 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:73 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:73 [ref. 36871], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:61 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:185 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:53 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus arabicus (Gmelin 1789). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania), Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles and Madagascar east to Pakistan. Habitat: marine.

arabica, Siphamia Gon [O.] & Allen [G. R.] 2012:17, Fig. 9 [Zootaxa No. 3294; ref. 31960] North of Khawr ak Fakkan, 26°37'N, 56°21'E, United Arab Emirates, depth 3-5 meters. Holotype: WAM P.26460-006. Paratypes: AMS I.45070-001 (1); BPBM 21439 (4); CAS 228604 (1); ROM 84959 (1); SAIAB 85932 (1); USNM 396989 (1); WAM P.26460-014 (3), P.264610-016 (2), P. 25785-001 (3). •Valid as Siphamia arabica Gon & Allen 2012 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Eagderi et al. 2019:39 [ref. 37020], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:148 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:208 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia arabica Gon & Allen 2012. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

arafurae, Apogon Günther [A.] 1880:38, Pl. 16 (fig. C) [Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873-1876 v. 1 (pt 6); ref. 2011] Arafura Sea. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1879.5.14.174. •Valid as Apogonichthys arafurae (Günther 1880) -- (Chen et al. 1997:56 [ref. 26476] dated 1871). •Synonym of Apogon truncatus Bleeker 1855 -- (Gon 1997:185 [ref. 23065], Allen et al. 2006:1097 [ref. 29004]). •Synonym of Jaydia truncata (Bleeker 1855) -- (Yu et al. 2016:1 [ref. 34816], Matsunuma & Tashiro 2020:151 [ref. 37726]). Current status: Synonym of Jaydia truncata (Bleeker 1855). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

arenatus, Apogon Bleeker [P.] (ex Castelnau) 1860:455 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 20 (no. 3); ref. 14028] Singapore. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Based on a color painting in the Zoological Museum, University of Liège (see Russell et al. 2010:99 [ref. 30735]). •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000, see Greenfield 2001:460 [ref. 25234]). •Tentatively treated as a synonym of Zoramia leptacantha (Bleeker 1856) -- (Russell et al. 2010:99 [ref. 30735]). Current status: Synonym of Zoramia leptacanthus (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

argentea, Siphamia Lachner [E. A.] 1953:421, Fig. 71 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202 (v. 1); ref. 17482] Northern Balabac Strait, Philippines, 8°08'10"N, 117°19'15"E. Holotype: USNM 112042. Paratypes: USNM 112087-90 (1, 3, 2, 1). •Valid as Siphamia argentea Lachner 1953 -- (Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812], Gon & Allen 2012:21 [ref. 31960], Allen & Erdmann 2012:412 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Gon et al. 2014:337 [ref. 33558], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:151 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia argentea Lachner 1953. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines. Habitat: marine.

argenteus, Apogon Valenciennes [A.] 1832:60 [Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) v. 1; ref. 17863] Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands, southwestern Pacific. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8755. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:59 [ref. 12478]. •Synonym of Archamia macroptera (Cuvier 1828) -- (Gon & Randall 2003:37 [ref. 27133]). •Synonym of Taeniamia macroptera (Cuvier 1828). Current status: Synonym of Taeniamia macroptera (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

arguni, Glossamia Hadiaty [R. K.] & Allen [G. R.] 2011:175, Figs. 2-5 [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 17 (no. 3); ref. 31448] Wahisewar River, 3°03'55.1"S, 133°58'188"E, tributary of Tongaran River, about 11 km south-east of Gusimawa Village, Argunni Bay region, West Papua Province, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 19881. Paratypes: MZB 19611 (3), 19648 (5), 19692 (2); WAM P.33339-001 (2). Hadiaty & Allen 2011:179 [ref. 31448] •Valid as Glossamia arguni Hadiaty & Allen 2011 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:69 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Glossamia arguni Hadiaty & Allen 2011. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: New Guinea: West Papua (Indonesia). Habitat: freshwater.

argyrogaster, Apogon Weber [M.] 1909:159 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 31 (note 4); ref. 4600] West coast of New Guinea, depth 32 meters. Syntypes: ZMA 101075 (2). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:85 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Siphamia argyrogaster (Weber 1909) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:557 [ref. 12442], Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847]). •Valid as Apogon argyrogaster Weber 1909 -- (Fraser 2000:253 [ref. 24412], Allen & Adrim 2003:34 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2006:1083 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Jaydia argyrogaster (Weber 1909) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:382 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:110 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:420 [ref. 33460], Gon et al. 2015:288 [ref. 33858], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:239 [ref. 34742], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:170 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia argyrogaster (Weber 1909). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: West Papua (Indonesia), northern Western Australia and Northern Territory (Australia). Habitat: marine.

armatus, Apogon Thiollière [V. J. de l'I.] in Montrouzier 1857:422 [144] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:92 [ref. 12478]. Based on a figure. On p. 144 of reprint. •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). Apogonidae: Apogoninae.

arnazae, Siphamia Allen [G. R.] & Erdmann [M. V.] 2019:3, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 33; ref. 36724] Duduwali Bay, Nuakata Island, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, -10.2891°, 151.0055°, depth 8-11 meters. Holotype: WAM P.34854-031. Paratypes: USNM 443803 (5), WAM P.34854-032 (12). •Valid as Siphamia arnazae Allen & Erdmann 2019 -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:151 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia arnazae Allen & Erdmann 2019. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Milne Bay (Papua New Guinea). Habitat: marine.

aroubiensis, Apogon Hombron [J. B.] & Jacquinot [H.] in Jacquinot & Guichenot 1853:31, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Voyage au Pôle Sud et dans l'Oceanie v. 3 (pt 2); ref. 18307] Aroub, Malaysia. No types known [not MNHN 0000-8717]. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:92 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Apogon aroubiensis Hombron & Jacquinot 1853 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:147 [ref. 6441], Randall & Lachner 1986:110 [ref. 9722], Randall 2001:57 [ref. 25215]). •Unidentifiable, in genus Ostorhinchus -- (Randall 2005:207 [ref. 28239]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus aroubiensis (Hombron & Jacquinot 1853) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:118 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus aroubiensis (Hombron & Jacquinot 1853). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Malaysia (known only from holotype). Habitat: marine.

articycla, Neamia Fraser [T. H.] & Allen [G. R.] 2006:1, Figs. 1-3 [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 63 (no. 1); ref. 28906] East of Lizard Island, 14°41'S, 145°30'E, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, depth 36-38 meters. Holotype: AMS I.25121-005. Paratypes: AMS I.40665-004 (1), I.40665-005 (1), I.40666-012 (1), I.40666-013 (1): CAS 223500 (1); USNM 209665 (8), 209929 (5), 370291 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Neamia articycla Fraser & Allen 2006 -- (Shibukawa et al. 2007:21 [ref. 29486], Fraser 2010:153 [ref. 30912], Allen & Erdmann 2012:383 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:16 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Neamia articycla Fraser & Allen 2006. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Great Barier Reef (Queensland, Australia). Habitat: marine.

artus, Cheilodipterus Smith [J. L. B.] 1961:409, Pl. 50 (fig. F) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 22; ref. 4128] Mahé, Seychelles, western Indian Ocean Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 341. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 765-768 (4, 1, 1, 2). •Valid as Cheilodipterus artus Smith 1961 -- (Gon 1986:555 [ref. 5657], Allen & Swainston 1988:64 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:149 [ref. 15987], Gon 1993:15 [ref. 21133], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Allen 1997:100 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:149 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:131 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:753 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:217 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:102 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:753 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:67 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:198 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1100 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:49 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:111 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:375 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:70 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:43 [ref. 34429], Ranjith et al. 2015:55 [ref. 34723], Koeda et al. 2016:32 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:166 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:131 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:58 [ref. 36965], Zajonz et al. 2019:73 [ref. 36871] as cf. artus, Fujiwara et al. 2020:33 [ref. 38631], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:23 [ref. 38121], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:6 [ref. 40448], Fraser et al. 2022:185 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus artus Smith 1961. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania), Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros and Madagascar east to Marshall Islands and Tuamotu Islands (French Polynesia), north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

asaedae, Apogon Seale [A.] 1935:358, Pl. 23 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 21 (no. 27); ref. 12336] Pago Pago, Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Syntypes: CAS 5507 (4). Holotype thought to be CAS 5507, but the bottle contained 4 speicmens, holotype not identifiable (T. Freser, pers. comm. 11/2009). •Synonym of Apogonichthys perdix Bleeker 1854 -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 2008). Current status: Synonym of Apogonichthys perdix Bleeker 1854. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

ataenia, Archamia Randall [J. E.] & Satapoomin [U.] 1999:2, Figs. 1-2 [Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin No. 62; ref. 24151] Sarabua Bay, 1°28.8"S, 99°09.7'E, Siberut Island, Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype: BPBM 37660. Paratypes: AMS I.38525-001 (1), BPBM 37843 (1), CAS 98472 (1), NSMT-P 54387 (1), PMBC 13792 (1), USNM 347598 (1). •Valid as Archamia ataenia Randall & Satapoomin 1999 -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:12 [ref. 27133], Shibukawa 2009:108 [ref. 30449], Allen & Erdmann 2012:372 [ref. 31980]). •Valid as Taeniamia ataenia (Randall & Satapoomin 1999) -- (Fraser 2013:18 [ref. 32894] sometimes as ateania, Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:50 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia ataenia (Randall & Satapoomin 1999). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Andaman Sea and Sumatra (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

aterrimus, Apogon Günther [A.] 1867:58 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 20 (no. 115); ref. 1988] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1865[or 1862].5.13.15. •Valid as Apogon aterrimus Günther 1867 -- (T. Fraser pers. com. 9/2000). •Incertae sedis in Apogonidae -- (Allen et al. 2006:1112 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus aterrimus (Günther 1867) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:117 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus aterrimus (Günther 1867). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Cape York south to Moreton Bay (Queensland, Australia). Habitat: marine.

atradorsatus, Apogon Heller [E.] & Snodgrass [R. E.] 1903:192, Pl. 3 [Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 5; ref. 2089] Santa María Island [Charles Island], Galápagos Islands. Holotype: CAS-SU 6357. Paratypes: numerous from Cocos Island, and several Galápagos islands. BMNH 1901.6.28.56-65 (10?), 1901.6.28.66-70 (5); CAS-SU 6405 (28), 6423 (12). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:71 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Apogon atradorsatus Heller & Snodgrass 1903 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:122 [ref. 22193], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:54 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:346 [ref. 24023], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:191 [ref. 30957], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36248], Piñeros et al. 2018:234 [ref. 36377], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:28 [ref. 36965], Kovačić et al. 2021:85 [ref. 39014], Lea et al. 2022:111 [ref. 39165], Page et al. 2023:125 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apogon atradorsatus Heller & Snodgrass 1903. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: central Gulf of California (Mexico); Cocos Island (Costa Rica), Malpelo Island (Colombia) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

atricaudus, Apogon Jordan [D. S.] & McGregor [E. A.] in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2853 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2445] Benedicto Island, Socorro Island and Clarian Island, western coast of Mexico. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.10.29.22-25 (4), NMW 34670-74 (5), CAS-SU 5708 (12), USNM 48527 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:71 [ref. 12291]. Appeared first as above although unintended, with citation to [as yet unpublished] Jordan and McGregor 1898 [published 1899]; Jordan & McGregor 1899:277 [ref. 2488]. •Valid as Apogon atricaudus Jordan & McGregor 1898 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:202 [ref. 9277], Allen & Robertson 1994:122 [ref. 22193], Allen & Robertson 1997:825 [ref. 41086], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:54 [ref. 24545], Thomson et al. 2000:112 [ref. 25640], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:114 [ref. 37547], Béarez & Séret 2009:147 [ref. 36646], Page et al. 2013:142 [ref. 32708], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:228 [ref. 35888], Piñeros et al. 2018:234 [ref. 36377], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:28 [ref. 36965], Love et al. 2021:151 [ref. 39279], Lea et al. 2022:107 [ref. 39165], Page et al. 2023:125 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Apogon atricaudus Jordan & McGregor 1898. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Channel Islands (California, U.S.A.) south to Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico), including southern Gulf of California (Mexico), Guadalupe Island (Mexico), Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France). Habitat: marine.

atripes, Amia Ogilby [J. D.] 1916:116 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 28; ref. 15124] Sandgate, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM (ex AFAQ 1221, apparently lost). Replacement name for Apogon nigripes Ogilby 1911, preoccupied by Apogon nigripes Playfair 1867. •Valid as Apogon atripes (Ogilby 1916) -- (Kuiter 1993:155 [ref. 23929], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847]). •Synonym of Apogon nigripinnis Cuvier 1828 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:549 [ref. 12442], Gon 2000:7 [ref. 26650], Allen et al. 2006:1092 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides atripes (Ogilby 1916) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:44 [ref. 30717], Fraser 2010:94 [ref. 30909], Fraser & Allen 2011:68 [ref. 31605], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:157 [ref. 36965]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides atripes (Ogilby 1916). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: tropical Australia, south to Sydney (New South Wales). Habitat: marine.

atrithorax, Xeniamia Fraser [T. H.] & Prokofiev [A. M.] 2016:232, Figs. 1-8 [Zootaxa 4144 (no. 2); ref. 34742] Van Phong Bay, 12°40.944'-12°36.924'N, 109°29.752'-109°30.002'E, South China Sea off Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. Holotype: USNM 436743. Paratypes: CAS, ROM, UF, USNM, ZMMU. •Valid as Xeniamia atrithorax Fraser & Prokofiev 2016 -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:177 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Xeniamia atrithorax Fraser & Prokofiev 2016. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vietnam. Habitat: marine.

atrogaster, Amia Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1912:439, Pl. 35 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 41 (no. 1868); ref. 3576] Western coast of Luzon Island, 16°30'36"N, 120°11'06"E, Philippines, depth 45 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 70249. Paratypes: USNM 163227 (7). •Valid as Apogon atrogaster (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Fraser & Lachner 1984:633 [ref. 8229], Paxton et al. 1989:545 [ref. 12442], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Allen et al. 2006:1083 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus atrogaster (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Fraser 2012:81 [ref. 32177], Larson et al. 2013:112 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Yoshida et al. 2018:237 [ref. 36265], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:99 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus atrogaster (Smith & Radcliffe 1912). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines and northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

aureus, Centropomus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1802:253, 273 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean; Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:95 [ref. 12478]. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:225 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Synonym of Apogon fleurieu (Lacepède 1802) -- (Dor 1984:112 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Apogon aureus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Randall et al. 1990:42 [ref. 14259] but with neotype of fleurieu improperly placed under aureus). •Valid as Apogon aureus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:147 [ref. 6441], Gon 1986:549 [ref. 5657], Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:545 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:138 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Kuiter 1993:156 [ref. 23929], Randall 1995:154 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:256 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:144 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:138 [ref. 25919], Fricke 1999:225 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Mishra et al. 1999:85 [ref. 25315] as auritus, Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:775 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:211 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:94 [ref. 25480], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:775 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S105 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:28 [ref. 27712], Randall et al. 2004:13 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:184 [ref. 28072], Allen et al. 2006:1084 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:29 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:104 [ref. 31256]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus aureus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Randall 2005:202 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2009:52 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:387 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:112 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:73 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Ali et al. 2018:320 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:171 [ref. 35805], Arndt & Fricke 2019:10 [ref. 36883], Eagderi et al. 2019:39 [ref. 37020], Hoschke et al. 2019:155 [ref. 36626], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:84 [ref. 36965], Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Wada et al. 2021:40 [ref. 38521], Fraser et al. 2022:196 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:57 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus aureus (Lacepède 1802). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Gulf of Aden, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to Amami Islands (southern Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Sydney (New South Wales, Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

auritus, Apogon Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:443 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8760. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:59 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Fowleria aurita (Valenciennes 1831) -- (Dor 1984:118 [ref. 29757], Gon 1986:556 [ref. 5657], Allen & Swainston 1988:64 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:554 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:32 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:151 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:282 [ref. 24014], Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:164 [ref. 22896], Larson & Williams 1997:357 [ref. 23967], Allen 1997:100 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:151 [ref. 25919], Fricke 1999:234 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:35 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:68 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:201 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1102 [ref. 29004], Shao et al. 2008:250 [ref. 29952], Gon & Bogorodsky 2010:35 [ref. 31049], Larson et al. 2013:109 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:71 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:40 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2018:168 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:74 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:12 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:173 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:49 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Fowleria aurita (Valenciennes 1831). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes east to Gambier Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Middleton Reef (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

aurolineatum, Amia Mowbray [L. L.] in Breder 1927:35, Fig. 18 [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 635] Siguanea Bay, Isle of Pines, south of western Cuba, depth 3 fathoms. Holotype: YPM 461. Paratypes: YPM 462 (1), plus one missing. Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:7 [ref. 16741]. •Valid as Apogon aurolineatus (Mowbray 1927) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:152 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:126 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:13 [ref. 24474], Gilbert & Tyler 1997:773 [ref. 22974], Villamizar 1996:40 [ref. 23496], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Smith et al. 2003:27 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:221 [ref. 28815], Baldwin et al. 2011:21 [ref. 31688], Page et al. 2013:142 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:45 [ref. 33341], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:30 [ref. 36965], Robertson et al. 2020:150 [ref. 38098], Page et al. 2023:125 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apogon aurolineatus (Mowbray 1927). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

australis, Cheilodipterus lachneri Smith [J. L. B.] 1961:408, Pl. 50 (fig. B) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 22; ref. 4128] Inhaca Island, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 350. Paratypes: (9) SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 361 (5), 612 (3), ?786 (3). •Synonym of Cheilodipterus artus Smith 1961 -- (Gon 1986:555 [ref. 5657], Gon 1993:15 [ref. 21133]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilodipterus artus Smith 1961. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

axillaris, Apogon Valenciennes [A.] 1832:56, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) v. 1; ref. 17863] Ascension Island. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8687. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:59 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Apogon axillaris Valencienens 1832 -- (Edwards & Glass 1987:639 [ref. 9166], Maugé 1990:714 [ref. 17126], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Wirtz et al. 2014:6 [ref. 33516], Gon in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2427 [ref. 34618], Brown et al. 2019:163 [ref. 36444], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:25 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogon axillaris Valenciennes 1832. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southern central Atlantic: Ascension and Saint Helena islands. Habitat: marine.

badia, Vincentia Allen [G. R.] 1987:6, Fig. 3 [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 13387] Cape, Western Australia, 32°16'S, 115°36'E, depth 1 meter. Holotype: WAM P.25999-006. Paratypes: AMS I.17614-004 (18); NMV A3729 (1); WAM P.26060-006 (1), P.26532-007 (1), P.27643-009 (2), P.27956-009 (2), P.28967-001 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:24 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:27 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Vincentia badia Allen 1987 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:558 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:568 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:150 [ref. 25488], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1110 [ref. 29004], Allen & Gomon 2008:559 [ref. 30653], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:20 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Vincentia badia Allen 1987. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Shark Bay (Western Australia) southward, east to South Australia. Habitat: marine.

balinensis, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1849:28 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 22 [13]; ref. 318] Boleling, northern Bali, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 5594 (some of 100). Also appeared in Bleeker 1849:5 [ref. 321], and perhaps mentioned in an 1845 Bleeker paper (not researched). •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). Apogonidae: Apogoninae.

bandanensis, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1854:95 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 16924] Banda Neira [Banda Islands, Maluku, Indonesia, Banda Sea]. Neotype: RMNH 5584 (1 of 29, 94 mm TL). Bleeker specimens not positively identifiable as syntypes: RMNH 5584 (28), BMNH 1880.4.21.83-86 (4, now 3). As Apogon batjanensis in Weber 1895:263 [ref. 4607]. Neotype designated by Fraser 2008:15 [ref. 29471] after discussion. •Valid as Apogon bandanensis Bleeker 1854 -- (Dor 1984:111 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:146 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:66 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:545 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:139 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Goren & Dor 1994:29 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:102 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:148 [ref. 25488], Myers 1999:125 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Fraser 2000:258 [ref. 24412], Nakabo 2000:776 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:99 [ref. 25868], Sakai et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:776 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2004:13 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus bandanensis (Bleeker 1854) -- (Randall 2005:203 [ref. 28239]). •Valid as Nectamia bandanensis (Bleeker 1854) -- (Fraser 2008:13 [ref. 29471], Yoshida et al. 2010:55 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:113 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:384 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:72 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Koeda et al. 2016:32 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2019:132 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:175 [ref. 36965], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:73 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Nectamia bandanensis (Bleeker 1854). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands and Indonesia east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

beauforti, Apogon Weber [M.] 1907:246, Pl. 13 (fig. 4) [Süsswasserfische von Neu-Guinea v. 5 (Zool.) pt 2; ref. 4599] Lake Sentani, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Syntypes: (73) FMNH 52390 [ex CM 646] (3); MSNG 411-412 (2); NMW 34713-14 (1, 1), RMNH 7986 (2), 14357 (1); SMF 12133 [ex ZMA] (2); USNM 177672 (9); ZMA 101120 (49). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:336 [ref. 10350], Nijssen et al. 1982:85 [ref. 19236], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:10 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Glossamia beauforti (Weber 1907) -- (Allen 1991:132 [ref. 21090], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:69 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Glossamia beauforti (Weber 1907). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Northern New Guinea: West Papua (Indonesia), Papua New Guinea. Habitat: freshwater.

berthae, Amia Ogilby [J. D.] 1911:47, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Annals of the Queensland Museum No. 10; ref. 3290] Dunk Island, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.1550 [ex AFAQ 1515]. •Synonym of Apogon brevicaudata Weber 1909 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:545 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Apogonichthys brevicaudatus Weber 1909 -- (Fraser 2006:140 [ref. 28665], Allen et al. 2006:1084 [ref. 29004]). •Synonym of Apogonichthyoides brevicaudatus (Weber 1909) based on generic placement of brevicaudatus. Current status: Synonym of Apogonichthyoides brevicaudatus (Weber 1909). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

bifasciatus, Apogon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:86, Pl. 22 (fig. 2) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMF 2186 (1), 4622-23 (2). •Valid as Apogon bifasciatus Rüppell 1838 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:146 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Apogon taeniatus Cuvier 1828 -- (Dor 1984:114 [ref. 29757], Gon 1986:7 [ref. 8087], Randall 1995:159 [ref. 22896], Gon & Randall 2003:25 [ref. 26750]). •Synonym of Apogonichthyoides taeniatus (Cuvier 1828) -- (Golani & Fricke 2018:72 [ref. 36273], Fraser et al. 2022:213 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Apogonichthyoides taeniatus (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

biguttata, Archamia Lachner [E. A.] 1951:588, Pl. 18 (fig. D) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 101 (no. 3290); ref. 10027] East Indies; Philippines; Samoa. Lectotype: USNM 56156. Paralectotypes: Some Bleeker specimens, plus many USNM lots listed by Lachner (e.g. USNM 111964, 360647 and 112137-112160). Based on Amia macropterus of Bleeker 1874 (in part) and other references and specimens. Considered a separate description and not a replacement name. Lectotype selected by Gon & Randall 2003:15 [ref. 27133]. •Valid as Archamia biguttata Lachner 1951 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:149 [ref. 6441], Chen & Shao 1993:783 [ref. 21016], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Allen 1997:106 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:148 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:130 [ref. 23965], Randall & Satapoomin 1999:1 [ref. 24151], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:759 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Motomura et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25181], Nakabo 2002:759 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:13 [ref. 27133], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:196 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1098 [ref. 29004], Allen & Erdmann 2012:372 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:108 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Taeniamia biguttata (Lachner 1951) -- (Fraser 2013:19 [ref. 32894], Fricke et al. 2014:79 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:140 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:46 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia biguttata (Lachner 1951). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines and Samoa, north to Taiwan, south to Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

bilaciniatus, Apogon Weber [M.] 1909:161 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 31 (note 4); ref. 4600] Labuan Tring, Lombok, Indonesia. Lectotype: ZMA 101280 (45.7 mm SL specimen). Paralectotypes: ZMA 101280 (1 of 2). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:855 [ref. 19236]. Lectotype selected by Gon 1997:175 [ref. 23065]. •Synonym of Apogon poecilopterus Cuvier 1828 -- (Gon 1997:172 [ref. 23065]) after lectotype designation. •Synonym of Jaydia poeciloptera (Cuvier 1828). Current status: Synonym of Jaydia poeciloptera (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bilineata, Archamia Gon [O.] & Randall [J. E.] 1995:546, Fig. 3 [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 41; ref. 22803] [El-Hamira] El Hamirah, Egypt, Sinai coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, coral knoll, depth 12 meters. Holotype: BPBM 21514. Paratypes: BPBM 36452 (2), HUJ 17822 (1), SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 46950 (1), USNM 331828 (1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:27 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Archamia bilineata Gon & Randall 1995 -- (Randall & Satapoomin 1999:1 [ref. 24151], Gon & Randall 2003:28 [ref. 26750], Gon & Randall 2003:18 [ref. 27133], Gon et al. 2013:590 [ref. 32421]). •Valid as Taeniamia bilineata (Gon & Randall 1995) -- (Fraser 2013:19 [ref. 32894], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[5] 243 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:79 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:51 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:181 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia bilineata (Gon & Randall 1995). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

binotata, Amia Poey [F.] 1867:234 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 14078] Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 9750 (3). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:188 [ref. 22926]. •Valid as Apogon binotatus (Poey 1867) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:150 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1993:14 [ref. 24474], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:224 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:158 [ref. 27754], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Smith et al. 2003:27 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:222 [ref. 28815], Baldwin et al. 2011:3 [ref. 31688], Page et al. 2013:142 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:45 [ref. 33341], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:25 [ref. 36965], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:72 [ref. 39585], Page et al. 2023:125 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apogon binotatus (Poey 1867). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

bipunctata, Paramia Lachner [E. A.] 1951:604, Pl. 18D [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 101 (no. 3290); ref. 10027] Tarut Bay, Ras Tanura, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. Holotype: USNM 147944. Paratypes: USNM 112039 (2). •Valid as Cheilodipterus bipunctatus (Lachner 1951) -- (Dor 1984:116 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356]). •Synonym of Cheilodipterus novemstriatus (Rüppell 1838) -- (Gon 1993:35 [ref. 21133], Randall 1995:163 [ref. 22896], Gon & Randall 2003:32 [ref. 26750], Golani & Fricke 2018:73 [ref. 36273], Fraser et al. 2022:186 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilodipterus novemstriatus (Rüppell 1838). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

blanchardi, Kurandapogon Whitley [G. P.] 1939:1, Pl. 1 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 405; ref. 4696] About 20 miles northwest from Cairns, northern Queensland, Australia. Holotype: UMMZ 120387. Paratypes: AMS IA.7532-33 (1, 1), UMMZ 120388 (now 1), USNM 109466 [ex UMMZ 120388] (1). •Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:555 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:1104 [ref. 29004]). Current status: Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

bleekeri, Apogon Günther [A.] 1859:245 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 1; ref. 1961] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia; Jakarta, Java, Indonesia; Padang. Lectotype: RMNH 33905. Paralectotypes: BMNH (1, lost) Ambon. Based on a specimen and on Apogon macropterus of Bleeker 1851:168. Lectotype selected by Gon & Randall 2003:20 [ref. 27133]. •Valid as Archamia bleekeri (Günther 1859) -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:19 [ref. 27133], Allen et al. 2006:1099 [ref. 29004], Ho & Shao 2011: 44 [ref. 31432], Allen & Erdmann 2012:373 [ref. 31980], Fraser 2013:6 [ref. 32894], Yoshida et al. 2013:110 [ref. 34464], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Psomadakis et al. 2015:208 [ref. 34104], Yoshida in Kimura et al. 2015:38 [ref. 34319], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:44 [ref. 36965], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:23 [ref. 38121], Fraser et al. 2022:180 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:52 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Archamia bleekeri (Günther 1859). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), east Africa, Gulf of Oman and Pakistan east to Philippines, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

bombonensis, Mionurus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1925:341, Pl. 1 [Philippine Journal of Science v. 26 (no. 3); ref. 15544] Lake Taal, Laguna de Bombon, Batangas, Philippines. Holotype: BSMP 10464 (presumed destroyed). Paratypes: BSMP (4) presumed destroyed. Original genus should have been Mionorus. •Synonym of Apogon hyalosoma Bleeker 1852 -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000, Kottelat 2013:329 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Yarica hyalosoma (Bleeker 1852). Current status: Synonym of Yarica hyalosoma (Bleeker 1852). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

brachygramma, Foa Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1905:780, Fig. 5 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1407); ref. 2495] By mistake, left in on caption to Fig. 5; should have been Foa fo. •See Foa fo. Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Foa fo Jordan & Seale 1905. Apogonidae: Apogoninae.

brachygrammus, Fowleria Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:447, Fig. 20 (error for Fig. 19) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50699. See Fraser & Randall 2011:1 [ref.31459] for issues regarding the description. Non-Hawaiian status references (records) are not this species. •Valid as Foa brachygramma (Jenkins 1903) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:144 [ref. 6441], Gon 1986:556 [ref. 5657], Allen & Swainston 1988:64 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:553 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:150 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Kuiter 1993:153 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:100 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:150 [ref. 25919], Randall 1998:36 [ref. 23433], Myers 1999:131 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:754 [ref. 25086], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:186 [ref. 27511], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:754 [ref. 26001], not Khalaf & Krupp 2003:56 [ref. 31543], Randall 2005:200 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:357 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1101 [ref. 29004], Randall 2007:214 [ref. 30952], Yoshida et al. 2010:52 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:112 [ref. 31256], Fraser & Randall 2011:5 [ref. 31459], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:40 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:8 [ref. 36965], Fraser 2020:22 [ref. 37581]). Current status: Valid as Foa brachygramma (Jenkins 1903). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Central Pacific Ocean: Hawaiian Islands (U. S. A.) endemic. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

brasilianus, Apogon Gilbert [C. H.] 1900:168, Pl. 9 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 2; ref. 1630] Stone reef at Mamanguape, Brazil. Holotype: CAS-SU 6309. Paratypes: CAS-SU 6310 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:71 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Apogon americanus Castelnau 1855 -- (Gilbert 1977:27 [ref. 21333]). Current status: Synonym of Apogon americanus Castelnau 1855. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

brevicaudatus, Apogon Weber [M.] 1909:158 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 31 (note 4); ref. 4600] Jedan Island, Aru Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: ZMA 101127 (2). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:85 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Apogon brevicaudata Weber 1909 [perhaps should be brevicaudatus] -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477] as brevicaudatus, Paxton et al. 1989:545 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977] as brevicaudatus, Larson & Williams 1997:356 [ref. 23967] as brevicaudata, Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812] as brevicaudata, Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Fraser 2006:140 [ref. 28665] as brevicaudatus, Allen et al. 2006:1084 [ref. 29004] as brevicaudatus). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides brevicaudatus (Weber 1909) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:44 [ref. 30717], Fraser 2010:94 [ref. 30909], Fraser & Allen 2011:67 [ref. 31605], Allen & Erdmann 2012:369 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:108 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:161 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides brevicaudatus (Weber 1909). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia south to tropical Australia. Habitat: marine.

brevilux, Siphamia Gon [O.] & Allen [G. R.] 2012:22, Fig. 11 [Zootaxa No. 3294; ref. 31960] Off Nagada Harbour, lagoon, Tripod reef, 5°09.493'S, 145°48.732'E, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, depth 30 meters. Holotype: BPBM 32633. Paratypes:AMS I.45071-001 (1),, BMNH 2009.11.27.1 (1); BPBM 40996 (1); CAS 56570 (3), 65337 (1), 65338 (4); MNHN 2009-1669 (1); NSMT-P 96740 (1); SIAIB 85933 (1); USNM 298542 (3), WAM P.33141-001 (1) •Valid as Siphamia brevilux Gon & Allen 2012 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:412 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:78 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:153 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia brevilux Gon & Allen 2012. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

brevispinis, Apogon Fraser [T. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 2003:2, Figs. 1A, 2A, 3 [Zootaxa No. 171; ref. 26789] West side off Areva, Rurutu, Austral Islands, South Pacific, depth 46-48 meters. Holotype: BPBM 13723. Paratypes: USNM 371776 (1). Plus one photographed specimen from Rangiroa that was lost. •Valid as Apogon brevispinis Fraser & Randall 2003. •Valid as Ostorhinchus brevispinis Fraser & Randall 2003 -- (Randall 2005:203 [ref. 28239], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:118 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus brevispinis (Fraser & Randall 2003). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southern-central Pacific: Austral Islands and Rangiroa (Tuamotu Archipelago). Habitat: marine.

bryx, Apogon Fraser [T. H.] 1998:987, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 111 (no. 4); ref. 23602] Balayan Bay, south of Barrio Nonong Casto, Batangus Province, Luzon Island, Philippines, South China Sea, western Pacific, depth 146-155 meters. Holotype (unique): CAS 34408. •Valid as Apogon bryx Fraser 1998 -- (Gon & Randall 2003:7 [ref. 26750], Fraser 2005:23 [ref. 28138], Allen et al. 2006:1084 [ref. 29004], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:68 [ref. 35264]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus bryx (Fraser 1998) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:388 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Golani & Fricke 2018:76 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:95 [ref. 36965], Psomadakis et al. 2020:407 [ref. 37272], Fraser et al. 2022:196 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus bryx (Fraser 1998). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia) east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

buruensis, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1856:394 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 353] Kajeli, Buru Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5562. Original as buruënsis. •Valid as Archamia buruensis (Bleeker 1856) -- (Chen & Shao 1993:783 [ref. 21016], Myers 1999:130 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122] as buroensis, Motomura et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25181], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:21 [ref. 27133], Allen & Erdmann 2012:373 [ref. 31980]). •Valid as Taeniamia buruensis (Bleeker 1856) -- (Fraser 2013:16 [ref. 32894], Kottelat 2013:330 [ref. 32989], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:49 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:181 [ref. 39752]), Current status: Valid as Taeniamia buruensis (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Lakshadweep Islands (India); Indonesia east to Fiji, north to Taiwan, south to Papua New Guinea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bykhovskyi, Kurtamia Prokofiev [A. M.] 2006:[English 281], Figs. 1-3 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 46 (no. 3); ref. 28663] Hanin, China, South China Sea. Holotype: ZIN 53471. Paratypes: ZIN 53472 (1). •Synonym of Archamia bleekeri (Günther 1859) -- (Fraser 2013:6 [ref. 32894]). Current status: Synonym of Archamia bleekeri (Günther 1859). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: South China Sea (if valid). Habitat: marine.

campbelli, Apogon Smith [J. L. B.] 1949:100 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 2 (no. 14) (art. 13); ref. 4077] Reefs off Delagoa Bay, Mozambique, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 348 (primary specimen), SAIAB [formerly RUSI] (not researched); USNM 112207 (1). •Synonym of Apogon coccineus Rüppell 1838 -- (Gon 1986:549 [ref. 5657]). •See Greenfield 2001:461 [ref. 25234]. •Valid as Apogon campbelli Smith 1949 -- (Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Gon & Randall 2003:8 [ref. 26750], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:186 [ref. 28072], Greenfield & Randall 2004:564 [ref. 28162], Greenfield 2007:364 [ref. 29402], Yoshida et al. 2010:33 [ref. 31255], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Golani & Fricke 2018:71 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:36 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:177 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Apogon campbelli Smith 1949. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa. Habitat: marine.

caninus, Cheilodipterus Smith [J. L. B.] 1949:205, Pl. 22 (fig. 472) [The sea fishes of southern Africa; ref. 5846] Inhaca Island, Delagoa Bay, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 352. •Valid as Cheilodipterus caninus Smith 1949 -- (Dor 1984:116 [ref. 29757], Gon 1986:555 [ref. 5657], Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356]). •Synonym of Cheilodipterus lineatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Gon 1993:27 [ref. 21133] but Gon should have treated as a synonym of Cheilodipterus arabicus (Gmelin 1789), Gon & Randall 2003:31 [ref. 26750]). •Synonym of Cheilodipterus arabicus (Gmelin 1789) -- (Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:x [ref. 21953]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilodipterus arabicus (Gmelin 1789). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

cantoris, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1851:479 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 16898] Rio [Rhio or Riouw], Indonesia. Syntypes: (2) RMNH 5599 (2 of 3). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides cantoris (Bleeker 1851) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:44 [ref. 30717], Fraser & Allen 2011:67 [ref. 31605], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:164 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides cantoris (Bleeker 1851). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

capricornis, Apogon Allen [G. R.] & Randall [J. E.] 1993:112, Fig. 5 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 19 (no. 4) [for 1992]; ref. 20888] Outer reef on northern side of One Tree Island, Capricorn Group, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Holotype: AMS I.20836-009. Paratypes: AMS I.20836-019 (3), I.15638-023 (50), I.20467-007 (2), I.20836-010 (1), I.21377-001 (1), I.19159-002 (1), I.19163-001 (5), I.24719-003 (1); BPBM 33571 (3); WAM P.30429-001 (10). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:24 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon capricornis Allen & Randall 1993 -- (Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:144 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:507 [ref. 25919], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:212 [ref. 25191], Allen et al. 2006:1084 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus capricornis (Allen & Randall 1993) -- (Randall 2005:203 [ref. 28239], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:86 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus capricornis (Allen & Randall 1993). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: southern Queensland to northern New South Wales (Australia). Habitat: marine.

cardinalis, Amia Seale [A.] 1910:509 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): BSMP 5463 (apparently destroyed). •Status uncertain -- (Greenfield 2001:461 [ref. 25234], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426]). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

carinatus, Apogon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:157 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Japan. Holotype: ZMB 8153. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:92 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Apogon carinatus Cuvier 1828 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:145 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:546 [ref. 12442], Lee & Kim 1996:64 [ref. 24706], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Gon 1997:162 [ref. 23065], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Fraser 2000:252 [ref. 24412], Nakabo 2000:773 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:773 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:319, 597 [ref. 26218], Allen et al. 2006:1085 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Apogonichthys carinatus (Cuvier 1828) -- (Chen et al. 1997:56 [ref. 26476]). •Valid as Jaydia carinata (Cuvier 1828) -- (Larson et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32988] as carinatus, Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426] as carinatus, Gon et al. 2015:291 [ref. 33858], Mabuchi et al. 2015:40 [ref. 34429] as carinatus, Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:239 [ref. 34742], Yu et al. 2016:3 [ref. 34816], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:166 [ref. 36965], Sonoyama et al. 2020:59 [ref. 37637], Yu et al. 2021:974 [ref. 40905]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia carinata (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

catalai, Apogon (Nectamia) Fourmanoir [P.] 1973:35, Figs. 3a-b [Cahiers O. R. S. T. O. M. (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer) Série Océanographie v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 7563] Channel of the great reef west of New Caledonia, depth 15 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1976-0121. Paratypes: 2 observed but not saved. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:59 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Apogon catalai Fourmanoir 1973 -- (Fraser 2006:140 [ref. 28665]). •Valid as Jaydia catalai (Fourmanoir 1973) -- (Fricke et al. 2011:390 [ref. 31242], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:170 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia catalai (Fourmanoir 1973). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Chesterfield Islands; Grande Terre (New Caledonia). Habitat: marine.

cathetogramma, Amia Tanaka [S.] 1917:225 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 29 (no. 346); ref. 17354] Off Tanabe, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Holotype (unique): ZUMT 55054. •Synonym of Apogon sialis (Jordan & Thompson 1914) -- (Gon 2000:13 [ref. 26650]). •Valid as Apogon cathetogramma (Tanaka 1917) -- (Nakabo 2000:775 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Shinohara et al. 2000:178 [ref. 25987], Nakabo 2002:775 [ref. 26001]). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides cathetogramma (Tanaka 1917) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides cathetogramma (Tanaka 1917). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

caudicinctus, Apogon Randall [J. E.] & Smith [C. L.] 1988:2, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 2926; ref. 9278] South side of Mei Point, Rapa, South Pacific, depth 0-10 feet. Holotype: BPBM 13002. Paratypes: AMNH 72756 (1), 72759-60 (6, 3); BPBM 7398 (1), 16799 (2), 20068 (2); CAS 60678 (1); MNHN 1987-1249 (1); NSMT-P 44622 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 27055 (1); USNM 288237 (2); WAM P.29385-001 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:23 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:24 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon caudicinctus Randall & Smith 1988 -- (Fricke 1999:226 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Randall 1999:14 [ref. 25829], Nakabo 2000:763 [ref. 25086], Randall & Earle 2000:12 [ref. 25806], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Allen & Randall 2002:126 [ref. 26188], Nakabo 2002:763 [ref. 26001], Randall et al. 2004:13 [ref. 27624], Greenfield & Randall 2004:566 [ref. 28162], Randall 2005:193 [ref. 28239], Greenfield 2007:604 [ref. 29453], Fricke et al. 2009:51 [ref. 30213], Yoshida et al. 2010:30 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:105 [ref. 31256], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Arndt & Fricke 2019:10 [ref. 36883], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:38 [ref. 36965], Yoshida & Motomura 2020:1 [ref. 37470], Gon et al. 2020:502 [ref. 38029], Fraser et al. 2022:177 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Apogon caudicinctus Randall & Smith 1988. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

cavitensis, Amia Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1907:16, Fig. 5 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (Doc. 606) (for 1906); ref. 2498] Cavite, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 9241. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:71 [ref. 12291] as cavitensis. •Valid as Apogon cavitiensis (Jordan & Seale 1907) [correct spelling should be cavitensis] -- (Allen & Randall 1995:10 [ref. 21856], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:140 [ref. 25488], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:99 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2004:13 [ref. 27624], Allen et al. 2006:1085 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2013:105 [ref. 34464]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus cavitensis (Jordan & Seale 1907) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:388 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:112 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Motomura et al. 2017:99 [ref. 35490], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2018:116 [ref. 36460], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:109 [ref. 36965], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38121]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus cavitensis (Jordan & Seale 1907). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Singapore and Indonesia east to Philippines, north to northern Vietnam, south to Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia). Habitat: marine.

cephalotes, Scopelus Castelnau [F. L.] 1875:46 [Official Record, containing Introduction, Catalogues, Official Awards of the Commissioners, Report and Recommendations of the Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria.; ref. 768] Adelaide, South Australia. Lectotype: MNHN 1877-0569. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:65 [ref. 12478]. Lectotype selected by Gon & Allen 2012:28 [ref. 31960]. •Valid as Siphamia cephalotes (Castelnau 1875) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:557 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:153 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:566 [ref. 22532], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1108 [ref. 29004], Allen & Gomon 2008:558 [ref. 30653], Gon & Allen 2012:26 [ref. 31960], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:142 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia cephalotes (Castelnau 1875). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, southern Queensland (Australia). Habitat: brackish, marine.

ceramensis, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1852:256 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 16825] Wahai, northern Ceram, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2) RMNH 5578 (2 of 9). •Synonym of Apogon lateralis Valenciennes 1832 -- (Allen et al. 2006:1090 [ref. 29004]). •Synonym of Ostorhinchus lateralis (Valenciennes 1832) -- (Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:331 [ref. 28867], Kottelat 2013:330 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Apogon ceramensis Bleeker 1852 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:546 [ref. 12442], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:212 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:99 [ref. 25868], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Allen & Erdmann 2012:388 [ref. 31980]). Current status: Valid as Apogon ceramensis Bleeker 1852. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea to Philippines. Habitat: marine.

chalcius, Apogon Fraser [T. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 1986:642, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 1986 (no. 3); ref. 8091] Off Ahu Akapu, Easter Island, southeastern Pacific, depth 24.5 meters. Holotype: BPBM 27859. Paratypes: AMS I.24710-001 [ex BPBM 6636] (1), BMNH 1985.1.8.1 (1), BPBM 6636 (4), LACM 43747-1 (1), MNHNC P.6140-41 (1, 1), SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 1077 (1, c&s), USNM 267949 (1). Type catalog: Meléndez C. et al. 1993:134 [ref. 24124]. •Valid as Apogon chalcius Fraser & Randall 1986 -- (Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Greenfield & Randall 2004:561 [ref. 28162]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus chalcius (Fraser & Randall 1986) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:126 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus chalcius (Fraser & Randall 1986). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Easter Island endemic. Habitat: marine.

cheni, Apogon Hayashi [M.] 1990:12, Figs. 3, 4b [Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum No. 38; ref. 20040] Off north of Iejima Island, Ie Town, Kunigami County, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, depth 70-100 meters. Holotype: YCM P25101. Paratypes: ASIZT 055978 (1), 055988-1 (1), 055988-2 (1). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:43 [ref. 31432], Shibata et al. 2011:14 [ref. 31469]. •Valid as Apogon cheni Hayashi 1990 -- (Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:769 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:769 [ref. 26001], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Ho & Shao 2011:43 [ref. 31432], Shibata et al. 2011:14 [ref. 31469]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus cheni (Hayashi 1990) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:113 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus cheni (Hayashi 1990). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Sri Lanka east to Mariana Islands, north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

chrysopomus, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1854:239 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 345] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5588 (1 of 3). •Valid as Apogon chrysopomus Bleeker 1854 -- (Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:99 [ref. 25868], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830] as chrysopoma, Allen et al. 2006:1085 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus chrysopomus (Bleeker 1854) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:389 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:122 [ref. 36965], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38121]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus chrysopomus (Bleeker 1854). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia and Singapore east to Philippines. Habitat: marine.

chrysosoma, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1852:256 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 16825] Wahai, northern Ceram [Seram], Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 23964 (42.0 mm SL). Paralectotypes: RMNH 34749 [ex RMNH 5567] (1), 34750 [ex RMNH 55567] (6). Original as chrijsosoma, the Dutch ij corresponding to y in Latin. See Fraser 1999:43 [ref. 23767]. Lectotype selected by Fraser et al. 2002:181 [ref. 26401]. •Synonym of Apogon moluccensis Valenciennes 1832 -- (Fraser et al. 2002:176 [ref. 26401]). •Synonym of Ostorhinchus moluccensis (Valenciennes 1832). Current status: Synonym of Ostorhinchus moluccensis (Valenciennes 1832). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

chrysotaenia, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1851:168 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 16895] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5598 (1 of 2). •Valid as Apogon chrysotaenia Bleeker 1851 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:66 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:546 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:180 [ref. 24556], Allen 1997:102 [ref. 23977], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Allen et al. 2006:1085 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:31 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:105 [ref. 31256]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus chrysotaenia (Bleeker 1851) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:389 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:111 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus chrysotaenia (Bleeker 1851). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to Solomon Islands, north to Japan, south to northern Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

chrysurus, Apogon Ogilby [J. D.] 1889:54 [Memoirs of the Australian Museum, Sydney No. 2 (art. no. 3); ref. 18489] Lord Howe Island. Syntypes: AMS I.1799-I.1801 (1, 1, 1). •Valid as Vincentia chrysura (Ogilby 1889) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:558 [ref. 12442] as chrysurus, Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Allen et al. 2006:1110 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides chrysurus (Ogilby 1889) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:44 [ref. 30717], Fraser 2010:94 [ref. 30909], Fraser & Allen 2011:68 [ref. 31605], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:161 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides chrysurus (Ogilby 1889). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: southern Queensland (Australia); Lord Howe Island. Habitat: marine.

cladara, Cercamia Randall [J. E.] & Smith [C. L.] 1988:7, Fig. 2 [American Museum Novitates No. 2926; ref. 9278] Reef at entrance to Haurei Bay, Rapa, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific, depth 15 - 18 meters. Holotype: BPBM 31978. Paratypes: AMNH 75135 (3, 1 c&s); BPBM 17202 (1), 17279 (now 3); CAS 61348 (1); MNHN 1987-2035 (1); NSMT-P 44801 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 29535 (1); USNM 290959 (1); WAM P.29655-001 (1). Non-types: AMNH 72397 (43), 72415 (72); BPBM 13727 (9). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:24 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:26 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Cercamia cladara Randall & Smith 1988 -- (Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Randall 1999:14 [ref. 25829], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:197 [ref. 28239], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Allen et al. 2015:64 [ref. 33753], Mabuchi et al. 2015:43 [ref. 34429], Fraser & Bogorodsky 2019:579 [ref. 36628], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:71 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2021:369 [ref. 38633]). Current status: Valid as Cercamia cladara Randall & Smith 1988. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: South Pacific: from Chesterfield Island (Coral Sea) and Tonga, east to French Polynesia. Habitat: marine.

cladophilos, Apogon Allen [G. R.] & Randall [J. E.] 2002:122, Figs. 4-5 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 26188] Off Granite Bluff, Lizard Island, about 14°40'S, 145°28'E, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, depth 20 meters. Holotype: WAM P.31480-001. Paratypes: AMS I.38996-001 (2), BPBM 37873 (2), USNM 351560 (1). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:24 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon cladophilos Allen & Randall 2002 -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2006:1085 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus cladophilos (Allen & Randall 2002) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:390 [ref. 31980], Fraser 2012:82 [ref. 32177], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:98 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus cladophilos (Allen & Randall 2002). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia, Great Barrier Reef (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

clupeiformis, Rhabdamia Weber [M.] 1909:165 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 31 (note 4); ref. 4600] Lamakera, Solor Island; Lirung, Salibabu Island; Saleyer, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 10026 (1); ZMA 112204-05 (2, 10), 112207 (1) [ZMA material lost?]. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:89 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Rhabdamia clupeiformis Weber 1909 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:45 [ref. 34429], Yoshida & Motomura 2018:178 [ref. 35776]). •Synonym of Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker 1856) -- (Yoshida et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 36254]). Current status: Synonym of Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

coccineus, Apogon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:88, Pl. 22 (fig. 5) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 973. Paralectotypes: SMF 4704-06 (3, poor condition). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:110 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. •See Johnson 2001:732 [ref. 25471]. •Valid as Apogon coccineus Rüppell 1838 -- (Dor 1984:110 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:145 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Gon 1986:549 [ref. 5657], Paxton et al. 1989:546 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:29 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:139 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Kuiter 1993:161 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:154 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:150 [ref. 23922], Myers 1999:125 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:226 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:764 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Greenfield 2001:460 [ref. 25234], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Nakabo 2002:764 [ref. 26001], Gon & Randall 2003:9 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S105 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:61 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:13 [ref. 27624] as cf. coccineus, Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:186 [ref. 28072], Greenfield & Randall 2004:563 [ref. 28162], Randall 2005:193 [ref. 28239], Yoshida et al. 2010:33 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:108 [ref. 31256], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Golani & Fricke 2018:71 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:35 [ref. 37020], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:35 [ref. 36965], Zajonz et al. 2019:73 [ref. 36871], Fraser et al. 2022:177 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:49 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Apogon coccineus Rüppell 1838. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden east to Gulf of Oman and Pakistan, including Socotra (Yemen) and Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

coggeri, Apogonichthys Whitley [G. P.] 1964:168, Fig. 4 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 26 (no. 5); ref. 3772] Gillett Cay, Swain Reefs, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: AMS IB.6016. Paratypes: AMS IB.6017-18 (1, 1) •Synonym of Neamia octospina Smith & Radcliffe 1912 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:555 [ref. 12442], Fraser & Allen 2001:163 [ref. 25214], Allen et al. 2006:1105 [ref. 29004]). Current status: Synonym of Neamia octospina Smith & Radcliffe 1912. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

compressa, Amia Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1911:246, Pls. 20-21 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 41 (no. 1853); ref. 14806] Bisucay Island, Cuyos Islands, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 68398. Paratypes: (200 spec., 45 localities). First author is H. M. Smith. •Valid as Apogon compressus (Smith & Radcliffe 1911) -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:61 [ref. 27510], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Allen et al. 2006:1085 [ref. 29004], Shibukawa 2009:104 [ref. 30449]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus compressus (Smith & Radcliffe 1911) -- (Randall 2005:204 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2012:390 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:73 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:133 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:121 [ref. 36965], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:25 [ref. 38121]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus compressus (Smith & Radcliffe 1911). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Andaman Sea east to Philippines and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

concilians, Paxton Baldwin [C. C.] & Johnson [G. D.] 1999:1051, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 1999 (no. 4); ref. 24191] Off northwestern Australia, northeast of Monte Bello Islands, 20°07.2'S, 115°51.7'E to 20°07.1'S, 115°50.0'E, depth 63-65 meters. Holotype: CSIRO H 1067-01. Paratypes: AMS I.22672-001 (1), CSIRO H 2254-1 (1, c&s), WAM P.27219-035 (1). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:26 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Paxton concilians Baldwin & Johnson 1999 -- (Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1105 [ref. 29004], Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:39 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:188 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Paxton concilians Baldwin & Johnson 1999. Apogonidae: Paxtoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

conklini, Amia Silvester [C. F.] 1915:215 [Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book No. 14; ref. 4027] Coral reef off Guanica Harbor, Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea. Holotype: PU 3080 (possible discarded). Paratypes: PU 3128 (1). Also published and figured as new in Silvester 1918:21, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [ref. 15257]. •Valid as Phaeoptyx conklini (Silvester 1915) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:153 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:127 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:26 [ref. 24474], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:227 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Gon 2003:1391 [ref. 27085], Smith et al. 2003:29 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:232 [ref. 28815], Baldwin et al. 2009:6 [ref. 30053], Page et al. 2013:143 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:46 [ref. 33341], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:43 [ref. 36965], Robertson et al. 2020:151 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:79 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:72 [ref. 39585], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:111 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Phaeoptyx conklini (Silvester 1915). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

conspersus, Apogon Klunzinger [C. B.] 1872:18 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 38 (pt. 1); ref. 2623] Hobson's Bay, Victoria, Australia. Syntypes: AMS I.19303-001 [ex SMNS 1591] (1); SMNS 1591 (2, now 1), 1711 (1), 1799 (2), SMNS (1 skull, not found). Type catalog: Fricke 1992:4-5 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:12 [ref. 29864]. Type information: Gon 1988:8 [ref. 31743] with a holotype and other specimens. •Valid as Vincentia conspersa (Klunzinger 1872) -- (Gon 1988:8 [ref. 31743], Paxton et al. 1989:558 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:155 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:569 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:148 [ref. 25488], Allen et al. 2006:1110 [ref. 29004], Allen & Gomon 2008:560 [ref. 30653], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:18 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Vincentia conspersa (Klunzinger 1872). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania (Australia). Habitat: marine.

cookii, Apogon Macleay [W.] 1881:344 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 5 (pt 3); ref. 17577] Endeavour River and Erub [= Darnley] Island, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: AMS I.16307-001 [ex MAMU F403] (13) Endeavour R., AMS I.16308-001 [ex MAMU F409] (1) Port Moresby. Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:206 [ref. 19518]. •Valid as Apogon cookii Macleay 1881 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:147 [ref. 6441], Gon 1986:549 [ref. 5657], Randall & Lachner 1986:115 [ref. 9722], Randall & Hoese 1988:363 [ref. 14264], Allen & Swainston 1988:66 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:546 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:140 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:158 [ref. 23929], Randall et al. 1994:226 [ref. 21645], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Lee & Kim 1996:64 [ref. 24706], Larson & Williams 1997:356 [ref. 23967] as cooki, Allen 1997:102 [ref. 23977] as cooki, Carpenter et al. 1997:150 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:142 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:140 [ref. 25919], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:772 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:212 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:94 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Randall 2001:61 [ref. 25215], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:772 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:319, 597 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830] as cooki, Gon & Randall 2003:10 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S105 [ref. 27377], Randall et al. 2004:13 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:184 [ref. 28072], Allen et al. 2006:1086 [ref. 29004], Shibukawa 2009:104 [ref. 30449], Yoshida et al. 2010:32 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:105 [ref. 31256]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus cookii (Macleay 1881) -- (Randall 2005:204 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2009:52 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:390 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:112 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Koeda et al. 2016:33 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:171 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:76 [ref. 36273], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:161 [ref. 40104], Eagderi et al. 2019:38 [ref. 37020], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:116 [ref. 36965], Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 13 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:407 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:59 [ref. 37637], Habib et al. 2021:507 [ref. 38587], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:25 [ref. 38121], Fraser et al. 2022:196 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:58 [ref. 40689], Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947], Endruweit 2024:41 [ref. 41040]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus cookii (Macleay 1881). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Philippines, north to southern Sea of Japan, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

corallicola, Siphamia Allen [G. R.] 1993:12, Figs. 4-6 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 20 (no. 1); ref. 20779] Lagoon at Tab Island, Madang, Papua New Guinea, about 5°10'S, 145°51'E, depth 20-22 meters. Holotype: WAM P.30337-009. Paratypes: AMS I.33355-001 (5); USNM 323788 (5); WAM P.30337-002 (7), P.30372-004 (8), P.30375-002 (24), P.30402-005 (5), P.30405-014 (1). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:26 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Siphamia corallicola Allen 1993 -- (Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Gon & Allen 2012:28 [ref. 31960], Allen & Erdmann 2012:412 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:78 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:143 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia corallicola Allen 1993. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

crassiceps, Apogon Garman [S.] 1903:230 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 39 (no. 8); ref. 15030] Suva Reef, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. Holotype (unique): MCZ 28314. •Valid as Apogon crassiceps Garman 1903 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:149 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:546 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:29 [ref. 13251], Francis 1993:160 [ref. 25479], Francis & Randall 1993:130 [ref. 20996], Randall et al. 1997:139 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:125 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2605 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:761 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Greenfield 2001:461 [ref. 25234], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Nakabo 2002:761 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:8 [ref. 26750], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:62 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Greenfield & Randall 2004:564 [ref. 28162], Randall 2005:193 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1086 [ref. 29004], Greenfield 2007:364 [ref. 29402], Shibukawa 2009:104 [ref. 30449], Yoshida et al. 2010:33 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:105 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:368 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:107 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:69 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:131 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:37 [ref. 36965], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:22 [ref. 38121], Dewa et al. 2022:17 [ref. 40001]). Current status: Valid as Apogon crassiceps Garman 1903. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Easter Island, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa. Habitat: marine.

cuneiceps, Siphamia Whitley [G. P.] 1941:29, Fig. 20 [Australian Zoologist v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 4701] Off Fraser Island, 24°52'S, 152°48'E, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: AMS IB.1016 (largest). Paratypes: AMS IB.1016 (2 of 3). The correct spelling is cuneiceps. •Valid as Siphamia cuneiceps Whitley 1941 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:557 [ref. 12442] as cuniceps, Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812] as cuniceps, Johnson 1999:733 [ref. 25471] as cuniceps, Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1108 [ref. 29004], Gon & Allen 2012:31 [ref. 31960], Larson et al. 2013:114 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:142 [ref. 36965], Pogonoski et al. 2020:384 [ref. 37466]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia cuneiceps Whitley 1941. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: Western Australia east to Queensland (tropical Australia). Habitat: marine.

cuprea, Siphamia Lachner [E. A.] 1953:423, Fig. 72 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202 (v. 1); ref. 17482] Cataingan Bay, Masbate Island, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 112043. Paratypes: USNM 112091-92 (2, 2), 112093 (34); FMNH 62609 (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:79 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Siphamia cuprea Lachner 1953 -- (Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812]). •Synonym of Siphamia tubifer Weber 1909 -- (Gon & Allen 2012:72 [ref. 31960]). Current status: Synonym of Siphamia tubifer Weber 1909. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

cupreus, Apogon Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:158 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Red Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:92 [ref. 12478]. •Status uncertain -- (Dor 1984:115 [ref. 29757], T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •See Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356] and Gon & Randall 2003:42 [ref. 26750]. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

cyanophthalma, Siphamia Gon [O.] & Allen [G. R.] 2012:32, Figs 14b-c [Zootaxa No. 3294; ref. 31960] Off Pertamina oil storage site, Waipare Reef, 8°37.943'S, 122°15.993'E, Flores, Indonesia, depth 30 meters. Holotype: NCIOP 6361 [ex BPBM 32804]. Paratypes: BPBM 26626 (4), 30152 (1), 40997 (1); NTM S.,15435-015 (1); SAIAB 85930 (1); USNM 396990 (1). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Siphamia cyanophthalma Gon & Allen 2012 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:413 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:78 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Allen & Erdmann 2019:7 [ref. 36724], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:150 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia cyanophthalma Gon & Allen 2012. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

cyanosoma, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1853:71 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 16911] Lawajong, Solor Island [Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia]. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5595. •Valid as Apogon cyanosoma Bleeker 1853 -- (Dor 1984:112 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:147 [ref. 6441], Gon 1986:549 [ref. 5657], Allen & Swainston 1988:66 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:547 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:140 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:155 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:102 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:150 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:140 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:140 [ref. 25919], Randall & Kulbicki 1998:31 [ref. 23411], Myers 1999:126 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:226 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:771 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:213 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:771 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:11 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S105 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:62 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Allen et al. 2006:1086 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus cyanosoma (Bleeker 1853) -- (Randall 2005:204 [ref. 28239] dated 1883, Allen & Erdmann 2012:391 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:112 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:74 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2018:171 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:76 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:38 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:134 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:104 [ref. 36965], Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:408 [ref. 37272], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:25 [ref. 38121], Fraser et al. 2022:197 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus cyanosoma (Bleeker 1853). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Wake Atoll, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

cyanotaenia, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1853:71 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 16911] Lawajong, Solor Island, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5596 (largest of 2). •Valid as Apogon cyanotaenia Bleeker 1853 -- (T. Fraser pers. com. 9/2000). •Valid as Ostorhinchus cyanotaenia (Bleeker 1853). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus cyanotaenia (Bleeker 1853). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

cypselurus, Rhabdamia Weber [M.] 1909:167 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 31 (note 4); ref. 4600] Kawa, western Ceram [Seram, Maluku Province, Indonesia, Selat Boano/Strait of Boano, Seram Sea] [ca. 3°01'S, 128°04'E]. Syntypes: RMNH 10027 (1), ZMA 11206 (13, apparently lost). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:89 [ref. 19236]. Species epithet is a noun in apposition, so correct spelling is cypselurus. •Valid as Rhabdamia cypselura [often as cypselurus] Weber 1909 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:150 [ref. 6441], Allen 1987:6 [ref. 13387] as cyselurus, Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:556 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:33 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1994:227 [ref. 21645], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Randall 1994:264 [ref. 21644], Randall 1995:165 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:152 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:150 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:511 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:132 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Gon & Randall 2003:38 [ref. 26750], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:213 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1107 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Rhabdamia cypselurus Weber 1909 -- (Mohsin & Ambak 1996:260 [ref. 27969], Nakabo 2000:757 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:757 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Allen & Erdmann 2012:411 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:78 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426]). •Valid as Verulux cypselurus (Weber 1909) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Yoshida & Motomura 2016:[4] [ref. 34562], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Motomura et al. 2017:101 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:175 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:79 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:39 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:140 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:140 [ref. 36965], Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Fraser et al. 2022:220 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Verulux cypselurus (Weber 1909). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Comoros, Madagascar, Maldives and Chagos Archipelago east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to Japan, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

dammermani, Apogon Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1929:338 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 5; ref. 16063] Coast of northern New Guinea. Holotype (unique): ZMA 101144. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:85 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Nectamia dammermani (Weber & de Beaufort 1929) -- (Fricke et al. 2014:72 [ref. 33932]). •Valid as Apogon dammermani Weber & de Beaufort 1929 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:33 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:178 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Apogon dammermani Weber & de Beaufort 1929. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Tanzania, Mozambique, Seychelles and Chagos Archipelago; eastern Indonesia and Papua New Guinea east to Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

darnleyensis, Apogonichthys Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:268, Pl. 5 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Erub [= Darnley] Island, 9°35'S, 143°46'E, Torres Straits, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS I.16310-001 [ex MAMU F418]. Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:206 [ref. 19518]. •Valid as Apogon darnleyensis (Alleyne & Macleay 1877) -- (Randall & Fraser 1999:631 [ref. 24563]). •Synonym of Apogon timorensis Bleeker 1854 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:551 [ref. 12442], Fraser 2006:140 [ref. 28665], Allen et al. 2006:1096 [ref. 29004]). •Synonym of Apogonichthyoides timorensis (Bleeker 1854) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:50 [ref. 30717]). Current status: Synonym of Apogonichthyoides timorensis (Bleeker 1854). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

deetsie, Apogon Randall [J. E.] 1998:30, Fig. 4 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 23433] Small cave off entrance to channel at northeastern end of Kaneohe Bay, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands, depth 29 meters. Holotype: BPBM 37400. Paratypes: AMS I.37828-001 (1); BMNH 1997.2.4.2 (1); BPBM 10217 (1), 13983 (1), 14004 (1); CAS 91614 (1); USNM 343982 (1). •Valid as Apogon deetsie Randall 1998 -- (Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Allen & Randall 2002:126 [ref. 26188], Greenfield & Randall 2004:566 [ref. 28162], Randall 2005:193 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:354 [ref. 28379], Greenfield 2007:604 [ref. 29453], Randall 2007:212 [ref. 30952], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:39 [ref. 36965], Gon et al. 2020:502 [ref. 38029]). Current status: Valid as Apogon deetsie Randall 1998. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Hawaiian Islands; Tuamotu Archipelago. Habitat: marine.

dhofar, Apogon Mee [J. K. L.] in Randall 1995:161, Fig. 394 [Coastal fishes of Oman; ref. 22896] Eagles Retreat near Mirbat, 16°58'00"N, 54°42'50"E, Oman, Arabian Sea, depth 8 meters. Holotype: CAS 82327. Paratypes: BMNH 1995.9.20.1-2 (2); BPBM 36328 (1), 35869 (2), 35916 (2); CAS 82330-31 (5, 4); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 49074-75 (1, 1); USNM 337777 (1). Author is J. K. L. Mee. Appeared inadvertently first as above with authorship attributed to Mee; then in Mee 1996:103, Figs. 1, 3-5 [ref. 22471]; apparently the description is taken from Mee, and we regard Mee as author. •Valid as Apogon dhofar Mee 1995 -- (Moazzam & Osmany 2023:49 [ref. 40689]). •Synonym of Apogonichthyoides enigmaticus Smith 1961 -- (T. Fraser pers. com. 7/2010). Current status: Synonym of Apogonichthyoides enigmaticus Smith 1961. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

dianthus, Apogon Fraser [T. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 2002:27, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 115 (no. 1); ref. 25969] Cave at base of coral head on 60° slope, 420 meters southwest of Malakal Pass, Palau Islands, depth 18 meters. Holotype (unique): BPBM 9360. •Valid as Apogon dianthus Fraser & Randall 2002 -- (Greenfield 2007:601 [ref. 29453], Fricke et al. 2014:69 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:39 [ref. 36965], Gon et al. 2020:502 [ref. 38029], Fraser et al. 2022:178 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Apogon dianthus Fraser & Randall 2002. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Comoros; Indonesia east to Palau and Fiji, south to Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

diaphanes, Pseudamiops Randall [J. E.] 1998:27, Figs. 1-2 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 23433] Kepuhi Point, cave at shore, Makaha, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands, depth 3 meters. Holotype: BPBM 37247. Paratypes: AMS I.37827-001 (1); BMNH 1997.2.4.1 (1); BPBM 7913 (2), 37221 (1), 37252 (1), 37401 (1), 37412-13 (3, 6); CAS 91613; USNM 343981 (1). •Valid as Pseudamiops diaphanes Randall 1998 -- (Randall 2001:63 [ref. 25215], Mundy 2005:357 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:217 [ref. 30952], Gon et al. 2013:98 [ref. 32864], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:78 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Pseudamiops diaphanes Randall 1998. Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

diencaea, Amia Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1912:431, Pl. 34 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 41 (no. 1868); ref. 3576] Sulade Island, Jolo, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 70243. •Synonym of Apogon semiornatus Peters 1876 -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). Current status: Synonym of Apogon semiornatus Peters 1876. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

dispar, Apogon Fraser [T. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 1976:504, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 88 (no. 47); ref. 7334] Small cave at base of southwestern end of Augulpelu reef, Palau Island, western Caroline Islands, depth 36 meters. Holotype: BPBM 9378. Paratypes: ANSP 128364-65 (6, 1); BPBM 17017 (2); CAS 30648 (1); USNM 212134 (2 or now 1) 212135 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:20 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Apogon dispar Fraser & Randall 1976 -- (Hayashi et al. 1992:4 [ref. 24311], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:126 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:762 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:762 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus dispar (Fraser & Randall 1976) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:391 [ref. 31980], Fraser 2012:82 [ref. 32177], Fricke et al. 2014:74 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:134 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:101 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus dispar (Fraser & Randall 1976). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Cocos-Keeling Islands and Indonesia east to Palau and Fiji, north to Yaeyama Islands, south to Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

dispilus, Archamia Lachner [E. A.] 1951:586, Pl. 17 (fig. C) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 101 (no. 3290); ref. 10027] Soo Wan Bay, Taiwan, depth 3-9 meters. Holotype: USNM 112041. Paratypes: USNM 56157 (4), 112077-80 (5, 1, 1, 1), 126368 (3). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:44 [ref. 31432]. •Valid as Archamia dispilus Lachner 1951 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:149 [ref. 6441], Chen & Shao 1993:783 [ref. 21016], Randall & Satapoomin 1999:1 [ref. 24151], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:759 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:1010 [ref. 25480], Motomura et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25181], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:759 [ref. 26001]). •Synonym of Archamia fucata (Cantor 1849) -- (Gon & Randall 2003:28 [ref. 27133], Randall 2005:196 [ref. 28239], Yoshida et al. 2010:49 [ref. 31255], Ho & Shao 2011:44 [ref. 31432], Allen & Erdmann 2012:373 [ref. 31980] but needing confirmation). •Putative synonym of Taeniamia kagoshimana (Döderlein 1883) -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:47 [ref. 36965]). •Valid as Taeniamia dispilus (Lachner 1951) -- (Fraser 2013:19 [ref. 32894]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia dispilus (Lachner 1951). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines north to Taiwan, south to Manus Islands (Papua New Guinea). IUCN (2020): Not assessed. Habitat: marine.

diversa, Amia Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1912:434, Pl. 37 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 41 (no. 1868); ref. 3576] Small stream in Canmahala Bay, Gulf of Ragay, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 70246. •Valid as Apogon diversus (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Fraser 2000:255 [ref. 24412], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Kottelat 2013:329 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus diversus (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus diversus (Smith & Radcliffe 1912). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: freshwater.

doederleini, Apogon Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:901, Fig. 6 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1240); ref. 2511] Nagasaki, Japan. Holotype: CAS-SU 6513. Paratypes: CAS-SU 6738 (2), USNM 49959 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:71 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Apogon doederleini Jordan & Snyder 1901 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:147 [ref. 6441], Randall & Hoese 1988:363 [ref. 14264], Allen & Swainston 1988:66 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:547 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:140 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:160 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:160 [ref. 25479], Lee & Kim 1996:64 [ref. 24706], Allen 1997:102 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:142 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:140 [ref. 25919], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:772 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:213 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:95 [ref. 25480], Shinohara et al. 2000:178 [ref. 25987], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:772 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:320, 598 [ref. 26218], Allen et al. 2006:1086 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:34 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:106 [ref. 31256], Kwun et al. 2017:141 [ref. 37287]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus doederleini (Jordan & Snyder 1901) -- (Randall 2005:205 [ref. 28239], Larson et al. 2013:112 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Motomura et al. 2015:22 [ref. 34709], Koeda et al. 2016:6 [ref. 35354], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:114 [ref. 36965], Kim et al. 2020:119 [ref. 39118]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus doederleini (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

doryssa, Amia Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:245, Fig. 39 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51812. Paratypes: CAS-SU 8684 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:71 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Apogon doryssa (Jordan & Seale 1906) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:145 [ref. 6441], Kuiter 1997:146 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:508 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:125 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:227 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:763 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Greenfield 2001:460 [ref. 25234], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Nakabo 2002:763 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:193 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1087 [ref. 29004], Greenfield 2007:365 [ref. 29402], Allen & Erdmann 2012:368 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:69 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:35 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:178 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Apogon doryssa (Jordan & Seale 1906). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: eastern Mascarenes (Rodrigues); Maldives, Sri Lanka and Christmas Island (Australia) east to Indonesia, Papua New Guinea to Wake Atoll, Marshall Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

dovii, Apogon Günther [A.] 1862:371 [2] [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861 (pt 3); ref. 1968] Panama (Pacific). Syntypes: BMNH 1861.8.13.13 (1), ZMB 6796 (3). On p. 2 of separate. Named for Capt. Dow, but Günther used this name in this form many times; perhaps that is the name he wanted; incorrectly emended to dowii by some authors. •Valid as Apogon dovii Günther 1862 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:122 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:98 [ref. 23101], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:54 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:348 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:336 [ref. 24555], Thomson et al. 2000:112 [ref. 25640], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807] dating 1861, McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:191 [ref. 30957] dated 1861, Page et al. 2013:142 [ref. 32708], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Piñeros et al. 2018:234 [ref. 36377], González-Murcia et al. 2019:301 [ref. 36544], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:29 [ref. 36965], Lea et al. 2022:111 [ref. 39165], Page et al. 2023:125 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apogon dovii Günther 1862. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: El Salvador south to northern Peru. Habitat: marine.

duops, Apogon Barnard [K. H.] 1927:69 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 20 (no. 115) (art. 8); ref. 193] Replacement name for Amia ocellata von Bonde 1923, secondarily preoccupied in Apogon by Apogon ocellatus Weber 1913. Also appeared as new in Barnard 1927:522 [ref. 194]. •Synonym of Apogon pharaonis Bellotti 1874 -- (Gon 2000:9 [ref. 26650]). •Synonym of Apogonichthyoides pharaonis (Bellotti 1874) -- (Fraser et al. 2022:213 [ref. 39752]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Apogonichthyoides pharaonis (Bellotti 1874). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

elizabethae, Amia Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1905:9, Pl. 4 [Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Sciences (Iowa). v. 10; ref. 10645] Hong Kong. Holotype: CAS-SU 9064. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:71 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Apogon fasciatus (Shaw 1790) -- (Fraser 2005:10 [ref. 28138]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus elizabethae (Jordan & Seale 1905) -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:90 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus elizabethae (Jordan & Seale 1905). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vietnam to southern China (South China Sea). Habitat: marine.

ellioti, Apogon Day [F.] 1875:63, Pl. 17 (fig. 1) [The fishes of India Part 1; ref. 1080] Madras, India. Lectotype: ZSI F1904. Paralectotypes and/or Day specimens: AMS B.8226 (1), ?RMNH 4331 (1, too long), ZSI F1905 (1). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:159 [ref. 23762], Ferraris et al. 2000:296-297 [ref. 25110]. Lectotype selected by Gon 1997:187 [ref. 23065], but see discussion in Ferraris et al. 2000:297 [ref. 25110]. •Valid as Apogon ellioti Day 1875 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:145 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:547 [ref. 12442], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:257 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:356 [ref. 23967], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:773 [ref. 25086], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:93 [ref. 25480], Ali et al. 2018:320 [ref. 36183]). •Valid as Apogonichthys ellioti (Day 1875) -- (Chen et al. 1997:56 [ref. 26476]). •Synonym of Apogon truncatus Bleeker 1855 -- (Randall 1995:161 [ref. 22896], Gon 1997:185 [ref. 23065], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Fraser 2000:250 [ref. 24412], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:773 [ref. 26001], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Hayashi 2004:50 [ref. 27898], Allen et al. 2006:1096 [ref. 29004]). •Synonym of Jaydia truncata (Bleeker 1855) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Yu et al. 2016:1 [ref. 34816]). •Valid as Jaydia ellioti (Day 1875) -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:165 [ref. 36965], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 13 [ref. 38321]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia ellioti (Day 1875). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

elongata, Siphamia Lachner [E. A.] 1953:419, Fig. 70 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202 (v. 1); ref. 17482] Canmahala Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 112045. Paratypes: USNM 112095-99 (1, 1, 1, 1, 32). •Valid as Siphamia elongata Lachner 1953 -- (Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Gon & Allen 2012:36 [ref. 31960], Allen & Erdmann 2012:413 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Motomura et al. 2017:101 [ref. 35490], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:153 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia elongata Lachner 1953. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia and brunei east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

endekataenia, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1852:449 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 16828] Bangka or Lepar Island, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5593. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1880.4.21.59-60 (2), NMV 46393-94 (2). •Valid as Apogon endekataenia Bleeker 1852 -- (Fraser 1974 [ref. 21278], Dor 1984:112 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:147 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:66 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:547 [ref. 12442], Randall & Hayashi 1990:403 [ref. 15988], Ho et al. 1993:7 [ref. 22789], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Lee & Kim 1996:62 [ref. 24706], Allen 1997:102 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:508 [ref. 25919], Khan 1998:230 [ref. 24980], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:772 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Shimizu 2001:29 [ref. 25799], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:772 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2006:1087 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:35 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:106 [ref. 31256], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:68 [ref. 35264]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus endekataenia (Bleeker 1852) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:391 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:112 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:111 [ref. 36965], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 13 [ref. 38321] misidentified, Sonoyama et al. 2020:59 [ref. 37637], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:26 [ref. 38121], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:59 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus endekataenia (Bleeker 1852). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia north to southern Sea of Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

enigmaticus, Apogonichthyoides Smith [J. L. B.] 1961:396, Pl. 50 (fig. I) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 22; ref. 4128] Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAM 13817. •Synonym of Apogon apogonoides (Bleeker 1856) -- (Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:x [ref. 21953]). •Valid as Apogon enigmaticus (Smith 1961) -- (Gon 1986:549 [ref. 5657], T. Fraser pers. com. 9/2000, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S105 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides enigmaicus Smith 1961 -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:44 [ref. 30717], Fraser & Allen 2011:68 [ref. 31605], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Psomadakis et al. 2015:206 [ref. 34104], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:160 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:210 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:64 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides enigmaticus Smith 1961. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and East Africa to Oman and Pakistan. Habitat: marine.

enneastigma, Apogon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:87, Pl. 22 (fig. 3) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 1065. Paralectotypes: SMF 12130 (2). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:113 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. •Synonym of Apogon heptastygma Cuvier 1828 -- (Dor 1984:113 [ref. 29757] as heptastigma, Gon & Randall 2003:17 [ref. 26750]). •Synonym of Apogonichthyoides heptastygma (Cuvier 1828) -- (Fraser et al. 2022:211 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Apogonichthyoides heptastygma (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

erdmani, Apogon Lachner [E. A.] 1951:595, Pl. 18 (fig. A) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 101 (no. 3290); ref. 10027] Sams Pier, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype: USNM 147518. Paratypes: USNM 112040 (21), 147522 (1). •Synonym of Apogon annularis Rüppell 1829 -- (Dor 1984:111 [ref. 29757], Fraser et al. 1999:5 [ref. 24562], Gon & Randall 2003:6 [ref. 26750]). •Synonym of Nectamia annularis (Rüppell 1829) -- (Fraser 2008:8 [ref. 29471], Golani & Fricke 2018:75 [ref. 36273], Fraser et al. 2022:218 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Nectamia annularis (Rüppell 1829). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

erdmanni, Apogonichthyoides Fraser [T. H.] & Allen [G. R.] 2011:64, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa No. 3095; ref. 31605] Fiabacet Island, southeast of Misool Island, 2°13.022'S, 130°33.800'E, Raja Ampat Islands, West Papua, Indonesia, depth 73 meters. Holotype (unique): MZB 20018. •Valid as Apogonichthyoides erdmanni Fraser & Allen 2011 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:369 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:158 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides erdmanni Fraser & Allen 2011. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: West Papua ( Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

eremia, Rhabdamia Allen [G. R.] 1987:4, Fig. 2 [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 13387] South Muiron Island, Western Australia, eastern Indian Ocean, 21°42'S, 114°20'E, depth 8 meters. Holotype: WAM P.25815-020. Paratypes: WAM P.25793-003 (6), P.26071-013 (1), P.26085-015 (1), P.26092-023 (2), P.27459-006 (1), P.27581-001 (1), P.28024-009 (1). Not BPBM (3 lots) and AMS. Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:24 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:26 [ref. 30117]. Junior synonym of Apogonoides macassariensis Bleeker 1849, which is unused and thus declared is a nomen oblitum, while Rhabdamia eremia Allen 1987 is a nomen protectum due to prevailing usage (Fraser & Bogorodsky 2019:579 [ref. 36628]). •Valid as Rhabdamia eremia Allen 1987 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:556 [ref. 12442], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268]). •Valid as Cercamia eremia (Allen 1987) -- (Hayashi 1991:36 [ref. 34689], Randall et al. 1997:509 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:131 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:750 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Shinohara et al. 2000:178 [ref. 25987], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:750 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:30 [ref. 26750], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Allen et al. 2006:1099 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2011:122 [ref. 32402], Allen & Erdmann 2012:375 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:109 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:69 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Allen et al. 2015:64 [ref. 33753], Golani & Fricke 2018:73 [ref. 36273], Fraser & Bogorodsky 2019:579 [ref. 36628], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:73 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2021:373 [ref. 38633], Fraser et al. 2022:188 [ref. 39752]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Cercamia eremia (Allen 1987). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, eastern Mascarenes (Mauritius, Rodrigues), Chagos Archipelago, Christmas Island (Australia) and Indonesia east to Tonga, Wallis and Futuna, north to southern Japan, south to northern Western Australia and Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

erythrinus, Apogon Snyder [J. O.] 1904:526, Pl. 9 (fig. 17) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 [1902]; ref. 4149] Puako Bay, Hawaii Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50876. Paratypes: CAS-SU 7733-74 (1, 2); USNM 55316 (1), 55321 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:71 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Apogon coccineus Rüppell 1838 -- (Dor 1984:110 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Apogon erythrinus Snyder 1904 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:145 [ref. 6441], Winterbottom et al. 1989:29 [ref. 13251], Randall 1998:32 [ref. 23433], Myers 1999:125 [ref. 23965], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471] as cf erythrinus, Nakabo 2000:764 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Greenfield 2001:462 [ref. 25234], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Nakabo 2002:764 [ref. 26001], Greenfield & Randall 2004:563 [ref. 28162], Randall 2005:194 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:354 [ref. 28379], Greenfield 2007:364 [ref. 29402], Randall 2007:213 [ref. 30952], Yoshida et al. 2010:38 [ref. 31255], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:37 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogon erythrinus Snyder 1904. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

erythrophthalma, Jaydia Gon [O.], Liao [Y.-C.] & Shao [K.-T.] 2015:287, Figs. 2a, b, e [Zootaxa 3980 (no. 2); ref. 33858] Luzon, Aurora Province, west of Cape San Ildefonso, Philippines, 16.0445°N, 121.922°E, depth 194-203 meters. Holotype: PNM 15192 [ex ASIZP 68202]. Paratypes: ASIZP, CAS, SAIAB, USNM. •Valid as Jaydia erythrophthalma Gon, Liao & Shao 2015 -- (Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:239 [ref. 34742], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:170 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia erythrophthalma Gon, Liao & Shao 2015. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines endemic. Habitat: marine.

erythrosoma, Apogon Gon [O.] & Randall [J. E.] 2003:12, Fig. 5; Pl. 1G [Smithiana. Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity Bull. 1; ref. 26750] Marsa Ktana, Egypt, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Holotype: HUJ 18626. Paratypes: BPBM 18194 (1); HUJ 11202 (6); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 63555 (1), 63557 (1); TAU [= SMNHTAU] P.3395 (1), P.7558 (4), P.7773 (1), P.7774 (15), P.8667 (2), P.10025 (1), 11328 (3), P.11333 (1); USNM 364594 (1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:26 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Apogon erythrosoma Gon & Randall 2003 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Golani & Fricke 2018:72 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:36 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:178 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Apogon erythrosoma Gon & Randall 2003. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Maldives. Habitat: marine.

euspilotus, Apogon Fraser [T. H.] 2006:137, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 119 (no. 1); ref. 28665] Ile aux Canards, Nouméa, New Caledonia. Holotype (unique): CAS 118836. •Valid as Apogonichthyoides euspilotus (Fraser 2006) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:44 [ref. 30717], Fraser & Allen 2011:68 [ref. 31605], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:159 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides euspilotus (Fraser 2006). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Grande Terre (New Caledonia). Habitat: marine.

evanidus, Apogon Fowler [H. W.] 1904:518 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 1367] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype: ANSP 27540. Paratypes: ANSP 27541 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:20 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Apogon fasciatus (Shaw 1790) -- (Fraser 2005:10 [ref. 28138]). •Synonym of Ostorhinchus fasciatus (Shaw 1790) based on generic placement of fasciatus. Current status: Synonym of Ostorhinchus fasciatus (Shaw 1790). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

evermanni, Apogon Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1904:123 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1386); ref. 10659] Honolulu market, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 51487. •Valid as Apogon evermanni Jordan & Snyder 1904 -- (Randall & Böhlke 1981:131 [ref. 8562], Allen & Swainston 1988:66 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:547 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:29 [ref. 13251], Hayashi et al. 1992:2 [ref. 24311], Randall 1995:157 [ref. 22896], Kuiter 1997:146 [ref. 25488], Randall 1998:33 [ref. 23433], Fraser 1998:990 [ref. 23602], Allen 1997:102 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:129 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:227 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:755 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:12 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:755 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S105 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], Mundy 2005:355 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1087 [ref. 29004], Page et al. 2013:142 [ref. 32708]). •Valid as Zapogon evermanni (Jordan & Snyder 1904) -- (Randall 2005:215 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2012:417 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:79 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:40 [ref. 36965], Pinault et al. 2019:388 [ref. 36447], Fraser et al. 2022:180 [ref. 39752], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Zapogon evermanni (Jordan & Snyder 1904). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas, but not in Red Sea or eastern Pacific. IUCN (2015): Least concern. Habitat: marine.

exostigma, Amia Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] in Jordan & Seale 1906:238, Fig. 31 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51732. Paratypes: CAS-SU 8688 (3), USNM 211511 [ex USNM 51732] (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:71 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Apogon exostigma (Jordan & Starks 1906) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:148 [ref. 6441], Fraser & Lachner 1985:20 [ref. 5215], Paxton et al. 1989:547 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:141 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:155 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:141 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:128 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:760 [ref. 25086] with authors as Jordan & Seale, Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:213 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen 2001:149 [ref. 25670], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:760 [ref. 26001] with authors as Jordan & Seale, Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:13 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:62 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Allen et al. 2006:1087 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:35 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:106 [ref. 31256]). •Valid as Pristiapogon exostigma (Jordan & Starks 1906) -- (Randall 2005:210 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2012:406 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:76 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:45 [ref. 34429], Koeda et al. 2016:34 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:6 [ref. 35354], Golani & Fricke 2018:77 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:137 [ref. 36673], Fraser et al. 2022:204 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Pristiapogon exostigma (Jordan & Starks 1906). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Oman, Comoros and Maldives east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn, north to Wake Atoll and southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

fasciata, Gulliveria Castelnau [F. L.] 1878:46 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 762] Norman River, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): not at MNHN. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:96 [ref. 12478]. •Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:555 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:1103 [ref. 29004]). Current status: Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Apogon Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:344 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-0853. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:59 [ref. 12478]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Apogon by Mullus fasciatus White 1790. •Synonym of Apogon novemfasciatus Cuvier 1828 -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Synonym of Ostorhinchus novemfasciatus (Cuvier 1828). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Ostorhinchus novemfasciatus (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Mullus Shaw [G.] in White 1790:268, Pl. 53 (fig. 1) [Journal of a voyage to New South Wales; ref. 4654] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Neotype: USNM 59972. Neotype designated by Lachner in Schultz et al. 1953:439, pl. 35A [ref. 3975]. Authorship according to Sherborn 1891:535 [ref. 32516]. •Valid as Apogon fasciatus (Shaw 1790) -- (Randall & Hoese 1988:359 [ref. 14264], Randall & Lachner 1986:115 [ref. 9722], Paxton et al. 1989:547 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:141 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:157 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:155 [ref. 22896], Larson & Williams 1997:356 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:150 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:140 [ref. 25488], Myers 1999:126 [ref. 23965], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:96 [ref. 25480], Fraser 2005:10 [ref. 28138], Allen et al. 2006:1087 [ref. 29004], Akmaca et al. 2010:116 [ref. 31168], Yoshida et al. 2010:36 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:107 [ref. 31256], Yoshida et al. 2013:106 [ref. 34464], Irmak & Engin 2015:186 [ref. 33909]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus fasciatus (Shaw 1790) -- (Fricke et al. 2009:52 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:392 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:421 [ref. 33460], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2015:39 [ref. 34319], Psomadakis et al. 2015:209 [ref. 34104], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Motomura et al. 2017:99 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:172 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:76 [ref. 36273], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2018:117 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:38 [ref. 37020], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:89 [ref. 36965], Kumar et al. 2019:[4] 244 [ref. 37418], Bariche & Fricke 2020:123 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 13 [ref. 38321], Golani 2021:46 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:66 [ref. 39014], Fraser et al. 2022:197 [ref. 39752], Pradhan et al. 2022:578 [ref. 39578], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:59 [ref. 40689], Vilasri et al. 2023:80 [ref. 40764], Endruweit 2024:42 [ref. 41040]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus fasciatus (Shaw 1790). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Restricted to east coast of Australia on ref. 36965. Habitat: marine.

fistulosa, Foa Weber [M.] 1909:162 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 31 (note 4); ref. 4600] Bima Bay, Sumbawa Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: ZMA (apparently lost). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:88 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Siphamia fistulosa (Weber 1909) -- (Myers 1999:132 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Gon & Allen 2012:37 [ref. 31960], Allen & Erdmann 2012:413 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:150 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia fistulosa (Weber 1909). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia, possibly Brunei. Habitat: marine.

flagelliferus, Ostorhynchus Smith [J. L. B.] 1961:402, Fig. 8 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 22; ref. 4128] Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 351. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 743 (1). •Valid as Apogon flagelliferus (Smith 1961) -- (Gon 1986:550 [ref. 5657], Manilo 1992:23 [132] [ref. 39140], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus flagelliferus Smith 1961 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2018:172 [ref. 35805], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:126 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:198 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:60 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus flagelliferus Smith 1961. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and Mozambique east to Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

flammea, Fowleria Allen [G. R.] 1993:10, Fig. 3 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 20 (no. 1); ref. 20779] Seaward side of Massas Island, near Madang, Papua New Guinea, about 5°10'S, 145°50'E, depth 27-29 meters. Holotype: WAM P.30376-004. Paratypes: WAM P.27827-022 (3). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:26 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Fowleria flammea Allen 1993 -- (Randall & Kunzmann 1998:480 [ref. 23919], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624] as flamma, Allen & Erdmann 2012:380 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:71 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:14 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Fowleria flammea Allen 1993. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Indonesia east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

flavofasciata, Archamia Gon [O.] & Randall [J. E.] 2003:24, Pl. II A; Fig.8 [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 35; ref. 27133] Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwesern Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB 3395. Paratypes: AMS I.40407-001 (1); ANSP 63913 (1); BMNH 1867.3.9.558 (1), 1936.8.7.2-7 (5 or 6); BPBM 38778 (1); CAS 213416 (1); HUJ 18578 (1); MNHN 2000-4295 (1); NSMT-P 60336 (1); SAIAB 62641 (2); USNM 307710 (2), 356261 (3), 362420 (6). •Valid as Taeniamia flavofasciata (Gon & Randall 2003) -- (Fraser 2013:20 [ref. 32894], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2018:174 [ref. 35805], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:45 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:182 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia flavofasciata (Gon & Randall 2003). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya) east to Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

flavus, Apogon Allen [G. R.] & Randall [J. E.] 1993:109, Figs. 2-4 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 19 (no. 4) [for 1992]; ref. 20888] West side of Nepean Island, Norfolk Island, about 29°05'S, 167°59'E, depth 15-20 meters. Holotype: AMS I.20260-009. Paratypes: AMS I.20260-024 (1), IB.4993 (1), I.15647-085 (1), I.15685-018 (1), I.17358-010 (2), I.17366-017 (2), I.17373-010 (1), I.17377-013 (2); BPBM 14889 (7), 34247 (1), 35036 (5); USNM 212310 (1); WAM P.30428-001 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:24 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon flavus Allen & Randall 1993 -- (Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:508 [ref. 25919], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:213 [ref. 25191], Allen et al. 2006:1088 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus flavus (Allen & Randall 1993) -- (Randall 2005:205 [ref. 28239], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:86 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus flavus (Allen & Randall 1993). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island (Australia). Habitat: marine.

flebila, Zoramia Greenfield [D. W.], Langston [R. C.] & Randall [J. E.] 2005:627, Figs. 1C, 2 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences v. 56 (no. 33); ref. 28488] Bay of Islands, 17°10.692'S, 179°00.887'W, Vanua Balavul Island, Northern Lau Group, Fiji, depth 8.3 meters. Holotype: CAS 222057. Paratypes: AMS I.43576-001 (1); BMHH 2005.4.25.1 (1); BPBM 40152 (1), 40153 (1); CAS 222155 (3); FMNH 116455 (1); NSMT-P70721 (1); SAIAB 75633 (1); USNM 383148 (1), 383149 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Zoramia flebila Greenfield, Langston & Randall 2005 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:186 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Zoramia flebila Greenfield, Langston & Randall 2005. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Fiji. Habitat: marine.

fleurieu, Ostorhinchus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:23, 24 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Pacific. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:97 [ref. 12478]. Figured in Lacepède 1801: Pl. 32 (fig. 2) [ref. 2710] but with vernacular name. Neotype as BPBM 15921 was designated by Gon 1987:141 [ref. 6706]; Randall et al. 1990 [ref. 14259] did not accept the neotype designation as valid, but we find no reason to reject the neotype designation: it was done in a "critical study of the nominal species-group in question" and the specimen was adequately identified as the neotype ("data and description sufficient to ensure recognition of the specimen designated"). Gon & Randall 2003:14 [ref. 26750] disagree with this interpretation and now recognize both fleurieu and aureus as valid. •Valid as Apogon fleurieu (Lacepède 1802) -- (Dor 1984:112 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:156 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:151 [ref. 23922], Fraser et al. 1999:10 [ref. 24562], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:96 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:14 [ref. 26750] dated 1801, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:184 [ref. 28072], Allen et al. 2006:1088 [ref. 29004], Shibukawa 2009:105 [ref. 30449], Yoshida et al. 2013:106 [ref. 34464]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus fleurieu Lacepède 1802 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:392 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:74 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Koh & Lim 2015:54 [ref. 39529], Psomadakis et al. 2015:210 [ref. 34104], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2018:172 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:77 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:38 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:134 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:85 [ref. 36965], Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:408 [ref. 37272], Fraser et al. 2022:198 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:60 [ref. 40689], Lee et al. 2024:194 [ref. 41205]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus fleurieu Lacepède 1802. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Philippines and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Hong Kong (China), Taiwan and southern Korea, south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

fo, Foa Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1905:779, not Fig. 5 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1407); ref. 2495] Cavite, Bacoor Bay, Manila Bay, Luzon, Philippines, 14.4668°, 120.890° [Negros, Cavite, Luzon Island, Philippines, Manila Bay, South China Sea, western Pacific]. Lectotype: CAS-SU 9672. Non-type: USNM 51735 (1) Samoa. Also appeared in Jordan & Seale 1906:248 [ref. 2497] with type as USNM 51735 from Samoa and a different figured specimen, but original locality is the Philippines; one original syntypes recently found and selected as the lectotype by Fraser & Randall 2011:10 [ref.31459]. •Valid as Foa fo Jordan & Seale 1905 -- (Myers 1999:132 [ref. 23965] dated 1906, Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:733 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:34 [ref. 26750], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495] dated 1906, Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624] dated 1906, Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:200 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1102 [ref. 29004], Randall 2007:214 [ref. 30952], Fraser & Randall 2011:10 [ref. 31459], Allen & Erdmann 2012:379 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:109 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:71 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Golani & Fricke 2018:74 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:132 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:8 [ref. 36965], Fraser 2020:25 [ref. 37581], Akaike et al. 2021:21 [ref. 38809], Wada et al. 2021:40 [ref. 38521], Fraser et al. 2022:172 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Foa fo Jordan & Seale 1905. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Comoros, Mozambique Channel, Mascarenes, Maldives and Chagos Archipelago east to Philippines and Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to Amami Islands (southern Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: brackish, marine.

foraminosus, Henicichthys Tanaka [S.] 1915:568 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 27 (no. 325); ref. 4324] Nagasaki fish market, Japan. Holotype (unique): ZUMT 6366 (lost). •Valid as Gymnapogon foraminosus (Tanaka 1915) -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000, Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Fraser 2016:431 [ref. 34421]). Current status: Valid as Gymnapogon foraminosus (Tanaka 1915). Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

fraenatus, Apogon Valenciennes [A.] 1832:57, Pl. 4 (fig. 4) [Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) v. 1; ref. 17863] New Guinea. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-8709. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-8710 (2) Guam, 0000-8711 (1) Guam. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:60 [ref. 12478]. Lectotype selected by Fraser & Lachner 1985:25 [ref. 4215]. •Valid as Apogon fraenatus Valenciennes 1832 -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:171 [ref. 19754] as frenatus, Dor 1984:114 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:148 [ref. 6441], Fraser & Lachner 1985:24 [ref. 5215], Gon 1986:550 [ref. 5657], Allen & Swainston 1988:66 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:548 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:29 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:141 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Kuiter 1993:157 [ref. 23929], Randall et al. 1994:226 [ref. 21645], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:156 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:102 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:356 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:151 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:138 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:141 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:129 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:227 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:760 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:97 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen 2001:149 [ref. 25670], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Allen & Randall 2002:124 [ref. 26188], Nakabo 2002:760 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:15 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:185 [ref. 28072], Allen et al. 2006:1088 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:37 [ref. 31255], Yoshida et al. 2011:119 [ref. 32402]). •Valid as Pristiapogon fraenatus (Valenciennes 1832) -- (Randall 2005:210 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2009:53 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:406 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:114 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:77 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:45 [ref. 34429], Koeda et al. 2016:34 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:6 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:173 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:77 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:11 [ref. 36883], Eagderi et al. 2019:39 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:137 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:129 [ref. 36965], Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:410 [ref. 37272], Durville et al. 2021:311 [ref. 38802] as frenatus, Fraser et al. 2022:204 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:63 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Pristiapogon fraenatus (Valenciennes 1832). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritus, Rodrigues) east to Line Islands (Kiribati) and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Austral Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

fragilis, Apogon Smith [J. L. B.] 1961:385, Pl. 46 (fig. H) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 22; ref. 4128] Pinda, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 357. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 3077-80 (1, 2, 7, 36), 4240 (1, c&s). •Valid as Apogon fragilis Smith 1961 -- (Fraser & Lachner 1985:43 [ref. 5215], Gon 1986:550 [ref. 5657], Paxton et al. 1989:548 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:142 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:142 [ref. 25919], Fraser 1998:990 [ref. 23602], Anderson et al. 1998:23 [ref. 23611], Myers 1999:130 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Allen et al. 2006:1088 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Zoramia fragilis (Smith 1961) -- (Randall 2005:215 [ref. 28239], Greenfield et al. 2005:625 [ref. 28488], Fricke et al. 2014:79 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2018:175 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:140 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:186 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:222 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Zoramia fragilis (Smith 1961). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Mozambique, Seychelles, Madagascar and Maldives east to Samoa, north to Yaeyama Islands (Japan), south to Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

franssedai, Apogon Allen [G. R.], Kuiter [R. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 1994:33, Fig. 5 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 21 (no. 1/2); ref. 21602] Outer dropoff at Pasar Sari Reef, outer Maumere Bay, Flores, Indonesia, about 8°23'S, 122°13'E, depth 20 meters. Holotype: NCIP 6118. Paratypes: BPBM 31416 (24); USNM 298668 (2); WAM P.3051-001 (1), P.30514-001 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:24 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon franssedai Allen, Kuiter & Randall 1994 -- (Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Anderson et al. 1998:23 [ref. 23611], Myers 1999:126 [ref. 23965], Hayashi et al. 1997:58 [ref. 24613], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:769 [ref. 25086], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen & Randall 2002:119 [ref. 26188], Nakabo 2002:769 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus frassedai (Allen, Kuiter & Randall 1994) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:393 [ref. 31980], Fraser 2012:82 [ref. 32177], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:135 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:101 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:199 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus franssedai (Allen, Kuiter & Randall 1994). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives and Chagos Archipelago; Indonesia east to Palau, north to Philippines, south to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea). Habitat: marine.

fraseri, Siphamia Gon [O.] & Allen [G. R.] 2012:39, Figs. 19, 20a [Zootaxa No. 3294; ref. 31960] Kadavu Island, Kavala Bay, Fiji. Holotype: BMNH 1987.8.25.24. Paratypes: many at AMS, BPBM, ROM, SAIAB, USNM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Siphamia fraseri Gon & Allen 2012 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:154 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia fraseri Gon & Allen 2012. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: New Caledonia, Tonga and Fiji. Habitat: marine.

fraxineus, Apogonichthyoides Smith [J. L. B.] 1961:396, Pl. 48 (fig. D) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 22; ref. 4128] Pinda, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 356. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 746-763 (8, 6, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 4, 2, 14). •Valid as Apogon fraxineus (Smith 1961) -- (Hayashi & Kishimoto 1983:24 [ref. 35541], Dor 1984:112 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:146 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Apogon timorensis Bleeker 1854 -- (Gon 1986:553 [ref. 5657], Randall et al. 1990:147 [ref. 15987], Fraser 2000:259 [ref. 24412], Gon & Randall 2003:26 [ref. 26750], Fraser 2006:140 [ref. 28665]). •Synonym of Apogonichthyoides timorensis (Bleeker 1854) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:50 [ref. 30717], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2018:165 [ref. 35805], Fraser et al. 2022:213 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Apogonichthyoides timorensis (Bleeker 1854). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

fucatus, Apogon Cantor [T. E.] 1849:986 [4] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Penang area, Malaysia, Strait of Malacca, eastern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1860.3.19.353 (skin). On p. 4 of reprint. •Valid as Archamia fucata (Cantor 1849) -- (Dor 1984:116 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:149 [ref. 6441], Gon 1986:554 [ref. 5657], Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:551 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:31 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:148 [ref. 15987], Chen & Shao 1993:783 [ref. 21016], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356], Gon & Randall 1995:549 [ref. 22803], Randall 1995:162 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:151 [ref. 23922], Randall et al. 1997:148 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:130 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:758 [ref. 25086], Krupp et al. 2000:330 [ref. 25117], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Motomura et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25181], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:216 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:758 [ref. 26001], Gon & Randall 2003:28 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495] dated 1850, Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:66 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624] dated 1850, Randall 2005:196 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1098 [ref. 29004], Prokofiev 2006:5 [ref. 28960], Shibukawa 2009:108 [ref. 30449], Yoshida et al. 2010:48 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:110 [ref. 31256], Ho & Shao 2011: 44 [ref. 31432], Allen & Erdmann 2012:373 [ref. 31980], Yoshida et al. 2013:110 [ref. 34464] with author as Canton). •Valid as Taeniamia fucata (Cantor 1849) -- (Fraser 2013:20 [ref. 32894], Fricke et al. 2014:79 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:43 [ref. 34429], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Motomura et al. 2017:101 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:175 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:79 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:39 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:140 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:48 [ref. 36965], Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:410 [ref. 37272], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:27 [ref. 38121]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia fucata (Cantor 1849). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra, Madagascar, Mascarenes and Seychelles east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to Izu Islands (Japan), southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

fugax, Apogon Gon [O.], Bogorodsky [S. V.], Mal [A. O.] & Alpermann [T. J.] 2020:487, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa 4896 (no. 4); ref. 38029] Off Jizan, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, 16°53.052'N, 42°21.122'E, depth 60 - 67 meters. Holotype: SMF 35884. Paratypes: CSIRO, SAIAB. •Valid as Apogon fugax Gon, Bogorodsky, Mal & Alpermann 2020 -- (Moazzam & Osmany 2023:50 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Apogon fugax Gon, Bogorodsky, Mal & Alpermann 2020. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indian Ocean: Pakistan, Myanmar and Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

fukuii, Apogon Hayashi [M.] 1990:8, Figs. 1, 2a, 4a [Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum No. 38; ref. 20040] Coastal water off Ukui, Nachikatsuura Town, Mugi County, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, depth 40 meters. Holotype: YCM P9539. Paratypes: NSMT-P 34103 (1); ROM 60703 (1); IORD 83-446 (1); YCM P6504 (1), P25102-03 (1, 1). Type catalog: Shibata et al. 2011:14 [ref. 31469]. •Valid as Apogon fukuii Hayashi 1990 -- (Hayashi et al. 1997:57 [ref. 24613], Nakabo 2000:769 [ref. 25086], Randall et al. 2002:157 [ref. 26192], Nakabo 2002:769 [ref. 26001], Shibata et al. 2011:14 [ref. 31469]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus fukuii (Hayashi 1990) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:113 [ref. 36167], Trnski 2015:1217 [ref. 34198], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:112 [ref. 36965], Psomadakis et al. 2020:408 [ref. 37272], Fraser et al. 2022:199 [ref. 39752], Mulochau et al. 2022:268 [ref. 39073]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus fukuii (Hayashi 1990). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa); western Mascarenes (La Réunion); Maldives and Chagos Archipelago; Myanmar; Society Islands; Ryukyu Islands; New Zealand. IUCN (2021): Not assessed. Habitat: marine.

fusca, Gulliveria Castelnau [F. L.] 1878:45 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 762] Norman River, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:555 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:1103 [ref. 29004]). Current status: Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

fuscolineata, Siphamia Lachner [E. A.] 1953:425, Fig. 73 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202 (v. 1); ref. 17482] Bikini Lagoon, south of Bikini Island, Marshall Islands. Holotype: USNM 142231. Paratypes: FMNH 62610 [ex USNM 142282] (2); Hanada coll. [ex USNM] (2); USNM 142281 (now 32, 1 c&s), 142282 (now 15). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:79 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Siphamia fuscolineata Lachner 1953 -- (Myers 1999:133 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2006:1108 [ref. 29004], Gon & Allen 2012:44 [ref. 31960], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:146 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia fuscolineata Lachner 1953. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines east to Marshall and Line islands, north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

fuscomaculatus, Apogon Allen [G. R.] & Morrison [S. M.] 1996:439, Fig. 1 [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 17 (pt 4); ref. 22683] Northeast of Charles Point, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, about 12°17'S, 130°40'E, depth 18-24 meters. Holotype: NTM S.13284-014. Paratypes: NTM S.11672-027 (1), S.11673-037 (1), S.13337-003 (1); WAM P.30992-001 (1). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:25 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon fuscomacualtus Allen & Morrison 1996 -- (Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Fraser 2000:253 [ref. 24412], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847]). •Synonym of Apogon argyrogaster Weber 1909 -- (Allen et al. 2006:1083 [ref. 29004]). •Synonym of Jaydia argyrogaster (Weber 1909) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:382 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:110 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Jaydia fuscomaculatus (Allen & Morrison 1996) -- (Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:239 [ref. 34742]). •Valid as Jaydia fuscomaculata (Allen & Morrison 1996). Current status: Valid as Jaydia fuscomaculata (Allen & Morrison 1996). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Northern Territory, Australia. Habitat: marine.

fuscus, Apogon Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:345 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Neotype: MNHN 0000-8682. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:93 [ref. 12478]. Neotype designated by Fraser 2008:15, 22 [ref. 29471]. •Valid as Apogon fuscus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Randall et al. 1990:142 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:x [ref. 21953], Allen 1997:102 [ref. 23977], Fricke 1999:228 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:764 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:214 [ref. 25191], Shinohara et al. 2000:178 [ref. 25987], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:764 [ref. 26001], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Shibukawa 2009:105 [ref. 30449], Yoshida et al. 2010:45 [ref. 31255]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus fuscus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Randall 2005:205 [ref. 28239]). •Valid as Nectamia fusca (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Fraser 2008:15 [ref. 29471] dated 1824, Allen & Erdmann 2012:385 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:73 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Yu et al. 2016:3 [ref. 34816], Fricke et al. 2018:170 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:75 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:172 [ref. 36965], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38121], Fraser et al. 2022:218 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Nectamia fusca (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, Mascarenes, Maldives and Chagos Archipelago east to Line Islands (Kiribati) and Tuamotu Islands (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

fusovatus, Apogon Allen [G. R.] 1985:11, Fig. 1 [The Beagle (Occasional Papers of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences) v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 8119] Vicinity of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Holotype: WAM P.14397-001. Paratypes: AMS I.21957-019 (4); NTM S.966 (1), S.10049-006 (7), S.10120-007 (2), S.10122-010 (1), S.10250-002 (2), S.10362-002 (1); WAM P.14516-001 (1), P.14517-001 (1), P.28315-001 (1), P.28316-001. (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:23 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:25 [ref. 30117] •Valid as Apogon fusovatus Allen 1985 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:548 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Apogon melanopus Weber 1911 -- (Larson & Williams 1997:356 [ref. 23967], Fraser 2000:253 [ref. 24412] as fuscovatus, Allen et al. 2006:1091 [ref. 29004]). •Synonym of Jaydia melanopus (Weber 1911) -- (Larson et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32988], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:420 [ref. 33460]). Current status: Synonym of Jaydia melanopus (Weber 1911). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

gardineri, Apogon Regan [C. T.] 1908:227 [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Second Series. Zoology v. 12 (pt 3); ref. 3634] Cargados Carajos, Indian Ocean, depth 30 fathoms. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1908.3.23.93. •Valid as Apogon gardineri Regan 1908 -- (Fraser 2000:257 [ref. 24412]). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides gardineri (Regan 1908) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:44 [ref. 30717], Fraser & Allen 2011:67 [ref. 31605], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Fraser 2018:104 [ref. 36116], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:160 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:211 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides gardineri (Regan 1908). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargadops Carajos) and Mascarenes (Mauritius). Habitat: marine.

gelatinosa, Pseudamia Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:690, Pl. 18 (fig. A) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 8 (no. 93) (art. 82) (for Sept. 1955); ref. 12476] Aldabra Islands, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 346. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 779-784 (1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1), 1081 (1). Published 5 Jan. 1956. •Valid as Pseudamia gelatinosa Smith 1956 [not 1955] -- (Randall et al. 1985:9 [ref. 9188], Gon 1986:561 [ref. 5657], Winterbottom et al. 1989:32 [ref. 13251], Randall & Ida 1993:11 [ref. 20715], Randall et al. 1990:153 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Goren & Dor 1994:32 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:106 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:153 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:134 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:235 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:778 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:778 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:38 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:69 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624] dates to 1956, Yoshigou & Yoshino 2004:2 [ref. 27713], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:212 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1106 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:55 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:113 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:409 [ref. 3980], Fricke et al. 2014:77 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:40 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2018:174 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:78 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:191 [ref. 36965], Das et al. 2021:308 [ref. 38546], Fraser et al. 2022:223 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Pseudamia gelatinosa Smith 1956. Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

gilberti, Amia Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1905:777, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1407); ref. 2495] Negros, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 51941. Paratypes: USNM 211818 [ex 51941] (1), CAS-SU 9135 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:71 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Apogon gilberti (Jordan & Seale 1905) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:149 [ref. 6441], Fraser & Lachner 1985:40 [ref. 5215], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Fraser 1998:990 [ref. 23602], Myers 1999:130 [ref. 23965], Nakabo 2000:762 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:214 [ref. 25191], Nakabo 2002:762 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2006:1089 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Zoramia gilberti (Jordan & Seale 1905) -- (Greenfield et al. 2005:625 [ref. 28488], Allen & Erdmann 2012:417 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:80 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2019:140 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:185 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Zoramia gilberti (Jordan & Seale 1905). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Malaysia and Indonesia east to Palau, Yap (Micronesia) and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Philippines. Habitat: marine.

gillii, Apogonichthys Steindachner [F.] 1867:11 [3], Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 55 (1. Abth.); ref. 4214] Fitzroy River, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia. Lectotype: NMW 35216. Paralectotypes: (several) NMW 35217 (1), ?NMW 78362 (2). On p. 3 of separate. Lectotype selected by Gon & Herzig-Straschil 1996:1029 [ref. 22568]. •Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:555 [ref. 12442], Gon & Herzig-Straschil 1996:1029 [ref. 22568], Allen et al. 2006:1103 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Glossamia gillii (Steindachner 1867) -- (Cook et al. 2017:[13] [ref. 35342]). Current status: Valid as Glossamia gillii (Steindachner 1867). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Central East Australia. Habitat: freshwater.

gjellerupi, Apogon Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1929:285 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 5; ref. 16063] Kaiserin Augusta River; Idenburg River; Mamberamo River; Otker River; northern New Guinea. Syntypes: USNM 177670 (5, 1 c&s), 177671 (1), 177685 (2); ZMA 101164-69 (7, 2, 1, 3, 2, 9), 101333 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:85 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Glossamia gjellerupi (Weber & de Beaufort 1929) -- (Allen & Coates 1990:85 [ref. 25561], Allen 1991:133 [ref. 21090], Allen et al. 1992:301 [ref. 21400], Fricke et al. 2014:72 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:68 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Glossamia gjellerupi (Weber & de Beaufort 1929). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Northern New Guinea: West Papua (Indonesia), Papua New Guinea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

glaga, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1849:29 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 22 [13]; ref. 318] Jakarta, Cheribon, Tjilatjap, Semarang, Java. Syntypes: RMNH 5614 (some of 6). Appeared first without distinguishing features in Bleeker 1845:526 [ref. 312]. •Synonym of Apogon poecilopterus Cuvier 1828 -- (Gon 1997:172 [ref. 23065]). •Synonym of Jaydia poeciloptera (Cuvier 1828). Current status: Synonym of Jaydia poeciloptera (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gloverensis, Amia Mowbray [L. L.] in Breder 1927:37, Fig. 19 [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 635] Washerwoman Cut, Bahamas. Holotype: YPM 466. Paratypes: YPM 467 (4), 469 (4), 470 (1). Additional material: 1 questionably included. Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:7 [ref. 16741]. Primary description is quoted from Mowbray, who is regarded as the sole author. •Synonym of Phaeoptyx pigmentaria (Poey 1860) -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). Current status: Synonym of Phaeoptyx pigmentaria (Poey 1860). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

godini, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1854:496 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 5965] Priaman, western Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5569 (poor condition). •Synonym of Apogon kalosoma Bleeker 1852 -- (Gon 1995:8 [ref. 21822]). •Synonym of Lepidamia kalosoma (Bleeker 1852). Current status: Synonym of Lepidamia kalosoma (Bleeker 1852). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

goni, Archamia Chen [J.-P.] & Shao [K.-T.] 1993:782, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1993 (no. 3); ref. 21016] Coastal waters off Yungan, southwestern Taiwan, depth 5 meters. Holotype: ASIZP 056613. Paratypes: ASIZP 056614-15 (5, 14); BPBM 34886 (1); NTUM 7437 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 37317 (1). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:44 [ref. 31432]. •Valid as Archamia goni Chen & Shao 1993 -- (Randall & Satapoomin 1999:1 [ref. 24151], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:101 [ref. 25480], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:185 [ref. 27511] with authors as Shen [sic] & Shao, Motomura et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25181]). •Synonym of Archamia bleekeri (Günther 1859) -- (Gon & Randall 2003:19 [ref. 27133], Ho & Shao 2011:44 [ref. 31432], Fraser 2013:6 [ref. 32894], Fraser et al. 2022:180 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Archamia bleekeri (Günther 1859). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

goreni, Siphamia Gon [O.] & Allen [G. R.] 2012:45, Figs. 20b, 22 [Zootaxa No. 3294; ref. 31960] Dahlak Archipelago, Dahlak Kebir, ship wreck, Eritrea, depth 11 meters. Holotype: TAU P.45900-001 [= SMNHTAU]. Paratypes: many at AMS, BPBM, SAIAB, SMF, TAU [= SMNHTAU], USNM, WAM. •Valid as Siphamia goreni Gon & Allen 2012 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[5] 243 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:78 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:148 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:208 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia goreni Gon & Allen 2012. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southern Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

gouldi, Apogon Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1977:3, Figs. 1-3a, 4a [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 452; ref. 7285] Northwestern edge of Bermuda Plateau, 64°53.4'N, 32°27.7'W, Bermuda, depth 55-56 meters. Holotype (unique): ANSP 134040. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:20 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Apogon gouldi Smith-Vaniz 1977 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:224 [ref. 25013], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:142 [ref. 32708], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:27 [ref. 36965], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apogon gouldi Smith-Vaniz 1977. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda south to Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

gracilicauda, Gymnapogon Lachner [E. A.] 1953:497, Fig. 84 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202 (v. 1); ref. 17482] Bikini Atoll, northern Marshall Islands. Holotype: USNM 112378. Paratypes: FMNH 62606 (1); USNM 112379 (1), 112380-81 (1, 1), 142408 (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:42 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Pseudamiops gracilicauda (Lachner 1953) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:150 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:556 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:32 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1997:510 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:134 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Randall 1999:14 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:778 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Randall 2001:63 [ref. 25215], Nakabo 2002:778 [ref. 26001], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:212 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1106 [ref. 29004], Randall 2007:216 [ref. 30952], Allen & Erdmann 2012:410 [ref. 31980], Gon et al. 2013:98 [ref. 32864], Fricke et al. 2014:77 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:78 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:190 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Pseudamiops gracilicauda (Lachner 1953). Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: ?Chagos Archipelago; Christmas Island and Cocos-Keeling Islands (Australia) east to Marshall Islands and Rapa (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

gracilis, Apogonichthys Bleeker [P.] 1856:371 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 10; ref. 16853] Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH.PISC 5609 (30.7 mm SL). Paralectotypes: (39) RMNH 5609 (now 37) Moluccas. One specimen removed as Verulux solmaculata RMNH.PISC 34136 [ref. 35776]. Lectotype designated by Yoshida & Motomura 2018:185 [ref. 35776]. •Valid as Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker 1856) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:150 [ref. 6441], Gon 1986:557 [ref. 5657], Allen 1987:6 [ref. 13387], Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:557 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:153 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:260 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:150 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:153 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:132 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:236 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:757 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:218 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:757 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:213 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1107 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:56 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:113 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:411 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:114 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:78 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Yoshida & Motomura 2018:178, 185 [ref. 35776], Fricke et al. 2018:174 [ref. 35805], Yoshida et al. 2018:236 [ref. 36254], Arndt & Fricke 2019:11 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:138 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:137 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:206 [ref. 39752], Murase et al. 2023:39 [ref. 40935]). Current status: Valid as Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Somalia, Mozambique), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

graeffii, Apogon Günther [A.] 1873:22, Pl. 20 (fig. E) [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 14186] Boston Island, Marshall Group, Oceania. Syntypes: BMNH 1873.4.3.32 (2), NMW 34966-67 (1, 1), NVM A.5223 [ex MGH] (3). Syntypes at NVM determined by Fraser, pers. comm. 3/2008. •Synonym of Apogon leptacanthus Bleeker 1856 -- (Fraser & Lachner 1985:34 [ref. 5215]). •Synonym of Zoramia leptacantha (Bleeker 1856) -- (Fraser et al. 2022:222 [ref. 39752]). •Synonym of Zoramia leptacanthus (Bleeker 1856). Current status: Synonym of Zoramia leptacanthus (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

griffini, Amia Seale [A.] 1910:117, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [The Philippine Journal of Science, Section D v. 5 (no. 2); ref. 14595] Bantayan Island, Philippines. Holotype: BSMP 5701 (apparently destroyed). Paratypes: BSMP 5696 (1) and 5698 (1) (apparently destroyed). •Valid as Apogon griffini (Seale 1910) -- (Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen & Randall 2002:122 [ref. 26188]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus griffini (Seale 1910) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:393 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426] as junior to urostigmus, Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:126 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus griffini (Seale 1910). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia, Borneo and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

grossidens, Amia (Amioides) Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1912:440, Pl. 36 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 41 (no. 1868); ref. 3576] Off San Fernando Point, west coast of Luzon Island, 16°30'36"N, 120°11'06"E, Philippines, Albatross station 5442, depth 45 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 70250. •Synonym of Amioides polyacanthus (Vaillant 1877) -- (Fraser 2013:26 [ref. 32555]). •Valid as Amioides grossidens (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Yamanoue 2009:409 [ref. 30548], Mabuchi et al. 2015:39 [ref. 34429]). Current status: Valid as Amioides grossidens (Smith & Radcliffe 1912). Apogonidae: Amioidinae. Distribution: Philippines. Habitat: marine.

guadalupensis, Amia Osburn [R. C.] & Nichols [J. T.] 1916:160, Fig. 9 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 35 (art. 16); ref. 15062] Guadalupe Island, Baja California, Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 87545 [ex AMNH 5204]. •Valid as Apogon guadalupensis (Osburn & Nichols 1916) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:122 [ref. 22193], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:54 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:345 [ref. 24023], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:122 [ref. 25206], Thomson et al. 2000:112 [ref. 25640], Richards & Engle 2001:179 [ref. 25759], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:114 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:142 [ref. 32708], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426] with question, Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:228 [ref. 35888], Piñeros et al. 2018:234 [ref. 36377], Walker et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37499], Love et al. 2021:151 [ref. 39279]). •Synonym of Apogon atricaudus Jordan & McGregor 1898 -- (Fraser in Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:28 [ref. 36965], Lea et al. 2022:107 [ref. 39165]). Current status: Synonym of Apogon atricaudus Jordan & McGregor 1898. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California (Mexico), Guadalupe Island (Mexico) and Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico), straying to southern California (U.S.A.) [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

guamensis, Apogon Valenciennes [A.] 1832:54 [Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) v. 1; ref. 17863] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-8767 (4). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:60 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Apogon guamensis Valenciennes 1832 -- (Gon 1986:550 [ref. 5657], Paxton et al. 1989:548 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:142 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Randall et al. 1997:142 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:126 [ref. 23965], Fraser et al. 1999:9 [ref. 24562], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:15 [ref. 26750], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:62 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Allen et al. 2006:1089 [ref. 29004], Prokofiev 2006:5 [ref. 28960], Shibukawa 2009:105 [ref. 30449]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus guamensis (Valenciennes 1832) -- (Randall 2005:206 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2014:74 [ref. 33932] with author as Lacepède 1802). •Synonym of Nectamia fusca (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Fraser 2008:15 [ref. 29471] dated 1824, Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:68 [ref. 35264], Golani & Fricke 2018:75 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Nectamia fusca (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, south to New Caledonia [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

gularis, Apogon Fraser [T. H.] & Lachner [E. A.] 1984:632, Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 97 (no. 3); ref. 8229] Southern Red Sea, Yemen, 14°55'N, 42°28'E. Holotype: USNM 225672. Paratypes: ANSP (5), AMS 24052-001 [ex USNM 225678] (5), BMNH 1983.9.19.1-5 (5), BPBM 29204 (5), CAS 53044 (5), NMNH (5), SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 19406 (5); USNM 203774 (26, 2 c&s), 225673-77 (8, 6, 4, 20, 1) 225678 (orig. 146, now 111), USNM 225679-80 (31, 1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:60 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Apogon gularis Fraser & Lachner 1984 -- (Mee 1996:106 [ref. 22471], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Fraser 1998:990 [ref. 23602], Gon & Randall 2003:16 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Yoshida et al. 2013:107 [ref. 34464]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus gularis (Fraser & Lachner 1984) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:394 [ref. 31980], Fraser 2012:82 [ref. 32177], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Psomadakis et al. 2015:210 [ref. 34104], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Golani & Fricke 2018:77 [ref. 36273], Yoshida et al. 2018:237 [ref. 36265], Eagderi et al. 2019:38 [ref. 37020], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:99 [ref. 36965], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 13 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:409 [ref. 37272], Fraser et al. 2022:199 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:61 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus gularis (Fraser & Lachner 1984). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), Mozambique, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Philippines. Habitat: marine.

guntheri, Apogon Castelnau [F. L.] 1872:46 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] Melbourne market, Victoria, Australia. Syntypes: ?AMS A.7139 (1, dry right skin); MNHN A-4281 (2, dry), A-5557 (2, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:60 [ref. 12478]. •Synonym of Vincentia conspersa (Klunzinger 1872) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:558 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:570 [ref. 22532], Allen et al. 2006:1110 [ref. 29004]). Current status: Synonym of Vincentia conspersa (Klunzinger 1872). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

guttulatus, Apogon Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:267, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Darnley Island, 9°35'S, 143°46'E, Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. Lectotype: AMS IA.8103. Paralectotypes: AMS I.16306-001 [ex MAMU F402] (31). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:206 [ref. 19518], Pogonoski et al. 2020:379 [ref. 37466]. Lectotype selected by Gon & Allen 2012:49 [ref. 31960]. •Valid as Siphamia guttulatus (Alleyne & Macleay 1877) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:557 [ref. 12442], Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812]). •Valid as Siphamia guttulata (Alleyne & Macleay 1877) -- (Allen et al. 2006:1108 [ref. 29004], Gon & Allen 2012:48 [ref. 31960], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:154 [ref. 36965], Pogonoski et al. 2020:379 [ref. 37466]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia guttulata (Alleyne & Macleay 1877). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Torres Strait south to central Great Barrier Reef (Papua New Guinea and Queensland, Australia). Habitat: marine.

hartzfeldii, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1852:254 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 16825] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5597 (97-mm specimen of 12). Bleeker specimen: BMNH 1880.4.21.62 (1). •Valid as Apogon hartzfeldii Bleeker 1852 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:548 [ref. 12442], see Kuiter 1993:160 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:135 [ref. 26476] as hartzfeldi, Randall et al. 1997:508 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:126 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830] as hartzfeldi, Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:63 [ref. 27510], Allen et al. 2006:1089 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus hartzfeldi (Bleekjer 1853) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:394 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:113 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:74 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2019:135 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:110 [ref. 36965], Sato et al. 2022:[2] [ref. 39434]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus hartzfeldii (Bleeker 1852). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Palau, north to Ryukysu Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

hayashii, Pseudamia Randall [J. E.], Lachner [E. A.] & Fraser [T. H.] 1985:11, Fig. 4 [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 6; ref. 9188] Coral reef with caves, western end of Ngargol Island, Palau Islands, depth 6.1-12.2 meters. Holotype: BPBM 15025. Paratypes: AMS I.22584-025 (1), I.25007-001 [ex BPBM 28223] (1); BMNH 1985.1.28.6 (1); BPBM 15663 (2), 24116 (1), 30351 (2); CAS 56128 (3), 56137 (6), 56149 (1); MNHN 1985-0342 (3), B-3110 (1); ROM 42966-67 (1, 1); URM P.6675 (1); USNM (27, 11 lots); WAM P.27827-023 (1), P.28031-023 (1), P.28174-004 (2). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:24 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:26 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Pseudamia hayashii Randall, Lachner & Fraser 1985 -- (Randall & Ida 1993:12 [ref. 20715], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Anderson et al. 1998:24 [ref. 23611], Myers 1999:134 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:779 [ref. 25086], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:779 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:69 [ref. 27510], Allen et al. 2006:1106 [ref. 29004], Shao et al. 2008:250 [ref. 29952], Allen & Erdmann 2012:409 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:77 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:40 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:138 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:189 [ref. 36965], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:27 [ref. 38121], Fraser et al. 2022:223 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Pseudamia hayashii Randall, Lachner & Fraser 1985. Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden, Comoros; eastern Indonesia east to Micronesia and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

heptastygma, Apogon Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:160 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Red Sea. Syntypes: ?ZMB 65 (1, lost). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:93 [ref. 12478]. The original spelling is acceptable and need not be emended. •Valid as Apogon heptastygma Cuvier 1828 -- (Dor 1984:113 [ref. 29757] as heptastigma, Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356] as heptastigma, Gon & Randall 2003:17 [ref. 26750]). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides heptastygma (Cuvier 1828) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:44 [ref. 30717], Fraser & Allen 2011:68 [ref. 31605], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[5] 243 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:72 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:157 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:211 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides heptastygma (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern ndian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

heptazona, Cheilodipterus Bleeker [P.] 1849:29 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 22 [13]; ref. 318] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH (largest of 9). Appeared first without distinguishing features in Bleeker 1845:526 [ref. 312]. •Synonym of Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède 1802) -- (Gon 1993:30 [ref. 21133], T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Valid as Cheilodipterus heptazona Bleeker 1849 -- (Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:54 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus heptazona Bleeker 1849. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Papua New Guinea, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

heraldi, Mionurus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1943:216 [Copeia 1943 (no. 4); ref. 11019] Ragay Gulf, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 38263. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:72 [ref. 12291]. Original genus should have been Mionorus. •Synonym of Apogon poecilopterus Cuvier 1828 -- (Fraser 2000:257 [ref. 24412]). •Valid as Jaydia heraldi (Herre 1943) -- (Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:239 [ref. 34742]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia heraldi (Herre 1943). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Philippines. Habitat: brackish, marine.

heurni, Apogon Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1929:286 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 5; ref. 16063] Idenburg River; Otker River; tributary of Mamberamo River; northern New Guinea. Syntypes: USNM 177684 (5, 1 c&s); ZMA 101172-73 (2, 17). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:86 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Glossamia heurni (Weber & de Beaufort 1929) -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000, Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:69 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Glossamia heurni (Weber & de Beaufort 1929). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: New Guinea: West Papua (Indonesia). Habitat: freshwater.

hexacanthus, Dipterodon Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:166, 167 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Great Equatorial Ocean [Indo-Pacific]. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:96 [ref. 12478]. Figured in Lacepède 1801: Pl. 30 (fig. 2) [ref. 2710] but with vernacular name. •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

hoevenii, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1854:483 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 344] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: (4) RMNH 5581 (4 of 24, 6 within size range). Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1880.4.21.71 (1), NMV 45980 (1). •Valid as Apogon hoevenii Bleeker 1854 -- (Randall et al. 1990:143 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977] as hoeveni, Randall et al. 1997:143 [ref. 25919], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830] as hoeveni, Fraser 2006:140 [ref. 28665]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus hoevenii (Bleeker 1854) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:394 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:74 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2019:135 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:127 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus hoevenii (Bleeker 1854). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Indonesia east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Taiwan, south to Queensland (Australia) and Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

holotaenia, Apogon Regan [C. T.] 1905:319 [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 16; ref. 15386] Muscat, Oman, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean, depth 15-30 fathoms. Syntypes: BMNH 1904.5.25.133-135 (3). •Valid as Apogon holotaenia Regan 1905 -- (Randall 1995:156 [ref. 22896], Anderson et al. 1998:23 [ref. 23611], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:97 [ref. 25480], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus holotaenia (Regan 1905) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:395 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Motomura et al. 2015:22 [ref. 34709], Arndt & Fricke 2019:10 [ref. 36883], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:109 [ref. 36965], Pinault et al. 2019:381 [ref. 36445], Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Fraser et al. 2022:199 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:62 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus holotaenia (Regan 1905). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), Mozambique, Oman, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Mozambique Channel, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion,Mauritius) east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

hungi, Apogon Fourmanoir [P.] & Do-Thi [Nh.-Nh.] 1965:36 [Cahiers O. R. S. T. O. M. (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer) Série Océanographie; ref. 9212] Mozambique Channel, off northwestern Madagascar, 16°11'S, 43°53'E, depth 62 meters. Neotype: USNM 340009. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:93 [ref. 12478], Fricke et al. 2018:169 [ref. 35805]. Original 2 syntypes lost; neotype selected by Gon 1997:164 [ref. 23065]. •Valid as Apogon hungi Fourmanoir & Do-Thi 1965 -- (Gon 1997:164 [ref. 23065] with author as Nhu-Nhung, Fraser 2000:252 [ref. 24412]). •Valid as Jaydia hungi (Fourmanoir & Do-Thi 1965) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:239 [ref. 34742], Fricke et al. 2018:169 [ref. 35805], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:167 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:214 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia hungi (Fourmanoir & Do-Thi 1965). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Tanzania east to Seychelles, Comoros and northwestern Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

hungi, Jaydia Fourmanoir [P.] 1967:265, Fig. 1 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 39 (no. 2); ref. 7960] Gulf of Suez, Egypt, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1965-0711. Based on literature sources and one specimen. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Apogon by Apogon hungi Fourmanoir & Do-Thi 1965. •Valid as Apogon hungi (Fourmanoir 1967) -- (Dor 1984:113 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356]). •Synonym of Apogon smithi (Kotthaus 1970) -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •In the synonymy of Apogon smithi (Kotthaus 1970) -- (Gon & Randall 2003:24 [ref. 26750]). •Synonym of Jaydia smithi Kotthaus 1970. 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Jaydia smithi Kotthaus 1970. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

hyalina, Amia Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1912:433, Pl. 36 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 41 (no. 1868); ref. 3576] Talisse Island, north of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype: USNM 70245. Paratypes: USNM 171126 (10), 227794 [ex Univ. Iowa Mus.] (1, not in jar in 1985). •Valid as Apogon hyalina (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:109 [ref. 23448]). •Valid as Foa hyalina (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Allen & Erdmann 2012:379 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:71 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Fraser 2014:168 [ref. 33548], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:11 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Foa hyalina (Smith & Radcliffe 1912). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Indonesia east to Palau, north to Philippines, south to Papua New Guinea and Timor Sea. Habitat: marine.

hyalosoma, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1852:63 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 16832] Ambon, Jakarta, Semarang; Bima, Sumbawa; Benculen, Padang, Priaman, Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: (9) RMNH 5568 (1), 23962 [ex 5568] (some of 9), 23961 [ex 5568] (3), ?BMNH 1880.4.21.69-70, 72-73 (4). Based on Apogon thermalis of Bleeker (not of Cuvier). Also in Bleeker 1853:329 [ref. 5117]. •Valid as Apogon hyalosoma Bleeker 1852 -- (Dor 1984:115 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:149 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:548 [ref. 12442], Allen 1991:131 [ref. 21090], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:257 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:356 [ref. 23967], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:762 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Sakai et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25693], Allen et al. 2002:247 [ref. 25930], Nakabo 2002:762 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Tan & Lim 2004:110 [ref. 27716], Allen et al. 2006:1089 [ref. 29004], Shibukawa 2009:106 [ref. 30449], Kottelat 2013:329 [ref. 32989], Keith et al. 2021:28 [ref. 38257]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus hyalosoma (Bleeker 1852) -- (Fricke et al. 2014:74 [ref. 33932]). •Valid as Yarica hyalosoma (Bleeker 1852) -- (Larson et al. 2013:114 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:43 [ref. 34429], Koeda et al. 2016:35 [ref. 35333], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:70 [ref. 36965], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:54 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Yarica hyalosoma (Bleeker 1852). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Andaman Sea east to Philippines and Fiji, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

hypselonotus, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1855:309 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 348] Batu Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5571 (1 of 16, probably the 39-mm TL spec.). •Status uncertain -- (Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426]). •SValid as Apogon hypselonotus Bleeker 1855 -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:34 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogon hypselonotus Bleeker 1855. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Indonesia east to American Samoa. Habitat: marine.

igneus, Apogon Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Klunzinger 1870:710, footnote [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 20; ref. 2621] Not available, name mentioned in synonymy in footnote and with no distinguishing features [on two specimens in ZMB 71]. •In the synonymy of Apogon coccineus Rüppell 1838 -- (Dor 1984:110 [ref. 29757], Gon & Randall 2003:9 [ref. 26750]). •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). Nomen Nudum. Apogonidae: Apogoninae.

ignitops, Nectamia Fraser [T. H.] 2008:23, Figs. 3F, 10, 18 [Zootaxa No. 1691; ref. 29471] Tioman Island, Malaysia. Holotype: BPBM 21897. Paratypes: BPBM 38585 (4). Plus non-type specimens at CAS and ROM. Name is a noun in apposition. •Valid as Nectamia ignitops Fraser 2008 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:385 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:176 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Nectamia ignitops Fraser 2008. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: South China Sea: Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Habitat: marine.

imberbis, Mullus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:300 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Malta [Melita], Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Spelled Mullus inberbis by Sonnini 1801:257 [ref. 30163]. •Valid as Apogon imberbis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Fraser & Robins 1970:306 [ref. 1485], Tortonese 1973:365 [ref. 7192], Hureau in Whitehead et al. 1986:804 [ref. 13676], Maugé 1990:714 [ref. 17126], Santos et al. 1997:83 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:82 [ref. 24952], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:225 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:73 [ref. 25466], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:80 [ref. 26753], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Golani 2005:37 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:81 [ref. 29533], Wirtz et al. 2007:10, 31 [ref. 30263], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:43 [ref. 36649], Wirtz et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32972], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Gon in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2428 [ref. 34618], Carneiro et al. 2019:248 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:96 [ref. 36864], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:23 [ref. 36965], Reiner 2019:181 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:54 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:35 [ref. 37519], Golani 2021:44 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:66 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:219 [ref. 39448], Lea et al. 2022:111 [ref. 39165]). Current status: Valid as Apogon imberbis (Linnaeus 1758). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Angola, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

indicus, Apogon Greenfield [D. W.] 2001:465, Figs. 2B-C [Copeia 2001 (no. 2); ref. 25234] Mauritius, southwestern coast, Passe de L'Ambulante, off le Morne, outside lagoon, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, 20°26'10"S, 57°17'40"E, depth 6-8 meters. Holotype: USNM 341643. Paratypes: USNM 359989 (1). •Valid as Apogon indicus Greenfield 2001 -- (Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:194 [ref. 28239], Greenfield 2007:364 [ref. 29402], Fricke et al. 2009:51 [ref. 30213], Yoshida et al. 2010:37 [ref. 31255], Yoshida et al. 2010:37 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:107 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:368 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2018:164 [ref. 35805], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:36 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:179 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:51 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Apogon indicus Greenfield 2001. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, Tanzania, Comoros, Madagascar, Agalega Islands (Mauritius), and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Palau and southern Line Islands (Kitibati), north to southern Japan and the Philippines, south to New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

infuscus, Apogon (Apogonichthys) Fourmanoir [P.] in Roux-Estève & Fourmanoir 1955:197 [Annales de l'Institut Océanographique, Monaco (Nouvelle Série) v. 30 (art. 7); ref. 5324] Abu Latt/Alith Island, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, 19°58.0'N, 40°07.6'E. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1952-0298. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:60 [ref. 12478]. •Synonym of Apogonichthys perdix Bleeker 1854 -- (Dor 1984:116 [ref. 29757], Gon & Randall 2003:27 [ref. 26750]). •Valid as Apogonichthys infuscus (Fourmanoir 1955) -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:7 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthys infuscus (Fourmanoir 1955). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

intermedius, Cheilodipterus Gon [O.] 1993:19, Pl. 1 (fig. B); Figs. 3A, 8 [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 22; ref. 21133] Fringing reef edge, east side of Marine lab, Sesoko-jima Island, Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, depth 3 meters. Holotype: BPBM 34628. Paratypes: ANSP 123412 (3), 168609 (2); BPBM 22284 (2), 34626 (2); CAS 73448 (2), 76127 (2); WAM P.27824-072 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:26 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Cheilodipterus intermedius Gon 1993 -- (Allen 1997:106 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:131 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2006:1100 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:50 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:111 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:376 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:70 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:43 [ref. 34429], Ranjith et al. 2015:55 [ref. 34723], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:56 [ref. 36965], Wada et al. 2021:40 [ref. 38521]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus intermedius Gon 1993. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, north to Vietnam and Amami Islands (southern Japan), south to Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia). Habitat: marine.

irida, Archamia Gon [O.] & Randall [J. E.] 1995:543, Fig. 2 [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 41; ref. 22803] El-Tor, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, among pilings. Holotype: BPBM 18184. Paratypes: BPBM 36451 (3), HUJ 17823 (1), SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 46951 (1), USNM 331829 (1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:27 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Archamia irida Gon & Randall 1995 -- (Randall & Satapoomin 1999:1 [ref. 24151]). •Synonym of Archamia fucata (Cantor 1849) -- (Gon & Randall 2003:28 [ref. 26750], Gon & Randall 2003:28 [ref. 27133], Randall 2005:196 [ref. 28239], Fraser 2013:20 [ref. 32894]). •Synonym of Taeniamia fucata (Cantor 1849) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014: 198 [ref. 33426], Golani & Fricke 2018:79 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Taeniamia fucata (Cantor 1849). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

ishigakiensis, Apogon Ida [H.] & Moyer [J. T.] 1974:115, Figs. 1, 3A, 5A [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 7507] Northern coast of Iriomote-jima, 20 kilometers west of Ishigaki-jima, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype: ZUMT 52989. Paratypes: FSKU 731013-01 a-d; ZUMT 52988 (1), 52990 (1). •Valid as Apogon ishigakiensis Ida & Moyer 1974 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:148 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:774 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:774 [ref. 26001], Fraser 2006:140 [ref. 28665]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus ishigakiensis (Ida & Moyer 1974) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Koeda et al. 2016:33 [ref. 35333]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus ishigakiensis (Ida & Moyer 1974). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

isostigma, Apogonichthys Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:251, Fig. 45 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51736 (1 of 4). Paratypes: BPBM 5326 [ex USNM 51736] (1), CAS-SU 8687 (3), USNM 51736 (orig. 5, now 3 of 4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:72 [ref. 12291]. For problems of types in 1912 see Kendall & Radcliffe 1912:105 [ref. 14961]. •Synonym of Fowleria punctulata (Rüppell 1838) -- (Randall et al. 1990:152 [ref. 15987]). •Valid as Fowleria isostigma (Jordan & Seale 1906) -- (Dor 1984:118 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:143 [ref. 6441], Goren & Dor 1994:32 [ref. 25356], T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000, Nakabo 2000:755 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:755 [ref. 26001], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Randall 2005:200 [ref. 28239], Gon & Bogorodsky 2010:28 [ref. 31049], Yoshida et al. 2010:53 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:112 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:380 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:109 [ref. 32988], Larson et al. 2013:109 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:330 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:71 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:40 [ref. 34429], Golani & Fricke 2018:74 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:13 [ref. 36965], Wada et al. 2021:40 [ref. 38521], Fraser et al. 2022:174 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Fowleria isostigma (Jordan & Seale 1906). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: west coast of India, Sri Lanka; Indonesia east to Rapa (French Polynesia), north to Amami Islands (southern Japan), south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

isostigma, Cheilodipterops Schultz [L. P.] 1940:413, Fig. 20b [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 88 (no. 3085); ref. 3952] New Guinea. Holotype (unique): USNM 30657. The specific epithet is a noun. •Valid as Cheilodipterus isostigmus (Schultz 1940) -- (Gon 1993:23 [ref. 21133], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Myers 1999:131 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:67 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:198 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1100 [ref. 29004], Allen & Erdmann 2012:376 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:70 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426]). •Valid as Cheilodipterus isostigma (Schultz 1940) -- (Kuiter 1997:138 [ref. 25488], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:63 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus isostigma (Schultz 1940). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Malaysia and Indonesia east to Marshall Islands, north to Philippines, south to Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

isus, Apogon Randall [J. E.] & Böhlke [J. E.] 1981:136, Pl. 1 (fig. D) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 133; ref. 8562] Reef front with caves, 500 meters north of entrance to Port Sudan harbor, Sudan, Red Sea, depth 6-20 meters. Holotype: BPBM 17895. Paratypes: ANSP 144106 (4); BPBM 18165 (2), 27463 (2); CAS 46538 (1); HUJ 8472 (2); MNHN 1977-0455 (1); ROM 36591 (2); SMF 15699 (1); USNM 222156 (6, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:20 [ref. 13621], Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:60 [ref. 12478], Golani 2006:26 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Apogon isus Randall & Böhlke 1981 -- (Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Fraser 1998:990 [ref. 23602], Gon & Randall 2003:17 [ref. 26750]). •Valid as Zapogon isus (Randall & Böhlke 1981) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:79 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:40 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:180 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Zapogon isus (Randall & Böhlke 1981). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

janus, Gymnapogon Fraser [T. H.] 2016:433, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 4107 (no. 3); ref. 34421] Visayan Sea between northern Negros & Masbate Islands, southeast of Sicogon I., Philippines, 11.3667°N, 123.33°W, depth 0 to 38.4 meters. Holotype: USNM 314651. Paratypes: USNM. •Valid as Gymnapogon janus Fraser 2016. Current status: Valid as Gymnapogon janus Fraser 2016. Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Philippines. Habitat: marine.

japonicus, Gymnapogon Regan [C. T.] 1905:20 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 15 (no. 85) (art. 2); ref. 3624] Inland Sea, Japan. BMNH. Syntypes: BMNH 1905.6.6.113-122 (10), USNM 108821 (1), ZSI F2994/1-2996/1 (3). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:143 [ref. 20743]. •Valid as Gymnapogon japonicus Regan 1905 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:150 [ref. 6441], Ho et al. 1993:8 [ref. 22789], Nakabo 2000:777 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:777 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:320, 599 [ref. 26218], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Fraser 2016:431 [ref. 34421], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:74 [ref. 36965], Yoshida et al. 2019:96 [ref. 36901], Kim et al. 2020:119 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:59 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Gymnapogon japonicus Regan 1905. Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan). Habitat: marine.

jebbi, Siphamia Allen [G. R.] 1993:14, Fig. 7 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 20 (no. 1); ref. 20779] Padoz Reef, off entrance to Nagada harbor, near Madang, Papua New Guinea, about 5°10'S, 145°49'E, depth 20-22 meters. Holotype: WAM P.30375-006. Paratypes (some are misidentifications): AMS I.33356-001 (5); USNM 323789 (5); WAM P.27666-013 (2), P.30337-006 (5), P.30372-006 (1), P.30375-001 (20), P.30376-019 (1). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:27 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Siphamia jebbi Allen 1993 -- (Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Gon & Allen 2012:49 [ref. 31960], Allen & Erdmann 2012:414 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:78 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Gon et al. 2014:337 [ref. 33558], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Allen & Erdmann 2019:7 [ref. 36724], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:150 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia jebbi Allen 1993. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Malaysia east to Micronesia, Fiji and Tonga, north to Philippines, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

jenkinsi, Amia Evermann [B. W.] & Seale [A.] 1907:73, Fig. 9 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (Doc. 607) (for 1906); ref. 1285] Bulan, Sorsogon, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 55907. •Valid as Apogon jenkinsi (Evermann & Seale 1907) -- (Allen 2001:147 [ref. 25670], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2006:1090 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus jenkinsi (Evermann & Seale 1907) --- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:395 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2019:135 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:96 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus jenkinsi (Evermann & Seale 1907). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Philippines, south to Great Barrier Reef (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

kagoshimanus, Apogon Döderlein [L.] in Steindachner & Döderlein 1883:3 [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 48 (1. Abth.); ref. 4247] Kagoshima, Japan. Holotype (unique): NMW 34996. Name mentioned in passing in synonymy of Apogon (Archamia) macropterus Cuvier 1828. Apparently made available back to Döderlein 1883 by use as a valid species by Jordan & Snyder 1901:907. •Synonym of Archamia fucata (Cantor 1849) -- (Gon & Randall 2003:28 [ref. 27133]). •Valid as Taeniamia kagoshimanus (Döderlein 1883) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429]). •Valid as Taeniamia kagoshimana (Döderlein 1883) -- (Fraser 2013:3 [ref. 32894], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:47 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia kagoshimana (Döderlein 1883). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

kallopterus, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1856:33 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1 (6); ref. 352] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5592 (smallest of 2). •Valid as Apogon kallopterus Bleeker 1856 -- (Dor 1984:114 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:148 [ref. 6441], Fraser & Lachner 1985:8 [ref. 5215], Gon 1986:550 [ref. 5657], Paxton et al. 1989:548 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:29 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:143 [ref. 15987], Francis & Randall 1993:120 [ref. 20996], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Francis 1993:160 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:155 [ref. 22896], Mee 1996:106 [ref. 22471], Allen 1997:102 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:138 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:143 [ref. 25919], Randall 1998:32 [ref. 23433], Myers 1999:129 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:228 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Randall 1999:14 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:760 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:12 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen 2001:149 [ref. 25670], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:760 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:18 [ref. 26750], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:185 [ref. 28072], Mundy 2005:355 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1090 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:38 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:107 [ref. 31256], Yoshida et al. 2011:120 [ref. 32402]). •Valid as Pristiapogon kallopterus (Bleeker 1856) -- (Randall 2005:211 [ref. 28239], Schultz & Randall 2006:8 [ref. 28964], Randall 2007:215 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:53 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:407 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Larson 2013:114 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:77 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:113 [ref. 36167], Mabuchi et al. 2015:45 [ref. 34429], Trnski 2015:1218 [ref. 34198], Koeda et al. 2016:34 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:173 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:78 [ref. 36273], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:161 [ref. 40104], Fricke et al. 2019:138 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:130 [ref. 36965], Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Fujiwara et al. 2020:33 [ref. 38631], Durville et al. 2021:311 [ref. 38802], Fraser et al. 2022:205 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Pristiapogon kallopterus (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Pitcairn Group, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), Kermadec Islands, Tonga and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

kalosoma, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1852:448 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 16828] Bangka, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5589 (largest of 3). •Valid as Apogon kalosoma Bleeker 1852 -- (Gon 1995:8 [ref. 21822], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Lepidamia kalosoma (Bleeker 1852) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:383 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:79 [ref. 36965], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 13 [ref. 38321], Habib et al. 2021:507 [ref. 38587], Fraser et al. 2022:191 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:57 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Lepidamia kalosoma (Bleeker 1852). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh; western Indonesia and Borneo (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei) north to Taiwan Habitat: marine.

kauderni, Pterapogon Koumans [F. P.] 1933:78, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Zoologische Mededeelingen (Leiden) v. 16 (no. 1-2); ref. 2673] Banggai, eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, near shore. Syntypes: RMNH 17003 (2). •Valid as Pterapogon kauderni Koumans 1933 -- (Allen & Steene 1995:7 [ref. 22736], Allen 1997:106 [ref. 23977], Allen 1999:2609 [ref. 24812], Allen 2000:142 [ref. 25748], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:70 [ref. 27510], Allen & Erdmann 2012:410 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:178 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Pterapogon kauderni Koumans 1933. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Sulawesi (Indonesia); introduced elsewhere. Habitat: marine.

kautamea, Apogon Greenfield [D. W.] & Randall [J. E.] 2004:562, Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences v. 55 (no. 29); ref. 28162] West coast of Tahai, Easter Island, southeastern Pacific, depth 18-20 meters. Holotype: CAS 219899. Paratypes: AMS I.4330-001 (1); BMNH 2004.6.18.1 (1); BPBM 6634-35 (1, 1), 39186 (2); CAS 219900 (3); FMNH 113713 (1); NSMT-P 68772 (1); SAIAB 74299 (1); USNM 378013 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Apogon kautamea Greenfield & Randall 2004 -- (Greenfield 2007:365 [ref. 29402] as kauteamea [typo]). •Valid as Apogon kautamea Greenfield & Randall 2004 -- (Yoshida et al. 2010:33 [ref. 31255], Yoshida et al. 2010:33 [ref. 31255], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:39 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogon kautamea Greenfield & Randall 2004. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Easter Island endemic. Habitat: marine.

kiensis, Apogon Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:905, Fig. 9 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1240); ref. 2511] Wakanoura, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, Inland Sea. Holotype: CAS-SU 6514. Paratypes: (37) CAS-SU 6739 (21); USNM 49881 (1), 49904 (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:71-72 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Apogon kiensis Jordan & Snyder 1901 -- (Dor 1984:113 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:146 [ref. 6441], Gon 1986:551 [ref. 5657], Kuiter 1993:158 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Lee & Kim 1996:64 [ref. 24706], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:258 [ref. 27969] with authors as Jordan & Schneider, Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:140 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:141 [ref. 25919], Fraser 1998:990 [ref. 23602], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:765 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:214 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen 2001:149 [ref. 25670], Nakabo 2002:765 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:321, 598 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Fraser 2005:26 [ref. 28138], Shinohara et al. 2005:432 [ref. 28370], Allen et al. 2006:1090 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus kiensis (Jordan & Snyder 1901) -- (Randall 2005:206 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2012:395 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:74 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:135 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:94 [ref. 36965], Kim et al. 2020:119 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:59 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus kiensis (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan), south to New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

kiushiuanus, Apogon Döderlein [L.] in Steindachner & Döderlein 1883:2 [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 48 (1. Abth.); ref. 4247] Kagoshima, Japan. Not available, name mentioned in passing in synonomy of Apogon semilineatus Temminck & Schlegel 1843. •In the synonymy of Apogon semilineatus Temminck & Schlegel 1843 -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000, Kottelat 2013:330 [ref. 32989]). •In the synonymy of Ostorhinchus semilineatus (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Ostorhinchus semilineatus (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

koilomatodon, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1853:134 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 16899] Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5575 (141-mm TL specimen of 3). Holotype identified by Randall & Fraser 1999:623 [ref. 24563]. •Synonym of Apogon trimaculatus Cuvier 1828 -- (Randall & Fraser 1999:619 [ref. 24563]). •Synonym of Pristicon trimaculatus (Cuvier 1828) -- (Randall 2005:211 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Pristicon trimaculatus (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

kominatoensis, Apogon Ebina [K.] 1935:211, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Imperial Fisheries Institute Tokyo v. 30 (no. 3); ref. 13879] Tidepools at Kominato, Chiba, Japan. Holotype: Zool. Lab., Imp. Fish. Inst. Tokyo (lost). Paratypes: (2). •Status uncertain -- (Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969]). •Valid as Apogon kominatoensis Ebina 1935 -- (Yoshida et al. 2010:33, 39 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:108 [ref. 31256], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Motomura et al. 2015:22 [ref. 34709], Koeda et al. 2016:4 [ref. 35354], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:38 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogon kominatoensis Ebina 1935. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

komodoensis, Apogon Allen [G. R.] 1998:27, Fig. 1 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 25 (no. 1/2); ref. 23410] Rinca Island, southwestern corner of island at Toropropa Bay (ca. 8°44'S, 119°37'E), Komodo Group, Indonesia, depth 10-11 meters. Holotype: NCIP 6135. Paratypes: NCIP 6136-38 (3); WAM P.30960-001 (1), P.30963-001 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:25 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon komodoensis Allen 1998 -- (Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus komodoensis (Allen 1998) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:395 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:83 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus komodoensis (Allen 1998). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

laamu, Cercamia Fraser [T. H.], Bogorodsky [S. V.], Mal [A. O.] & Alpermann [T. J.] 2021:378, Fig. 11 [Zootaxa 5039 (no. 3); ref. 38633] Olhuveli Island, Laamu Atoll, Maldives, 01°49.183'N, 73°24.108'E, depth 1 - 20 meters. Holotype: WAM P.34839.002. Paratypes; WAM P.34839.009 (2), P.35214.001 (1). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cercamia laamu Fraser, Bogorodsky, Mal & Alpermann 2021. Current status: Valid as Cercamia laamu Fraser, Bogorodsky, Mal & Alpermann 2021. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Maldives and Chagos Archipelago. Habitat: marine.

lachneri, Apogon Böhlke [J. E.] 1959:1, Fig. 1 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 319; ref. 11979] About 1/3 mile north of the center of Green Cay, Bahamas, 25°07'08"N, 77°11'17"W. Holotype: ANSP 83827. Paratypes: ANSP 83828-31 (1, 2, 1, 49). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:20 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Apogon lachneri Böhlke 1959 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:152 [ref. 23100], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:158 [ref. 27754], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Collette et al. 2003:108 [ref. 26784], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Smith et al. 2003:28 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:223 [ref. 28815], Baldwin et al. 2011:14 [ref. 31688], Page et al. 2013:143 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:45 [ref. 33341], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:30 [ref. 36965], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:72 [ref. 39585], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apogon lachneri Böhlke 1959. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

lachneri, Cheilodipterus Klausewitz [W.] 1959:260, Fig. 11 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 40 (nos 5/6); ref. 12001] Hurghada, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea, depth 2 meters. Holotype: SMF 4616. Paratypes: SMF 4713 (1). •Synonym of Cheilodipterus arabicus (Gmelin 1789) -- (Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:x [ref. 21953], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426]). •Valid as Cheilodipterus lachneri Klausewitz 1959 -- (Dor 1984:117 [ref. 29757], Gon 1986:555 [ref. 5657], Paxton et al. 1989:552 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:31 [ref. 13251], Gon 1993:24 [ref. 21133], Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356], Gon & Randall 2003:30 [ref. 26750], DiBattista et al. 2015:21 [ref. 35706], Golani & Fricke 2018:73 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:60 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:185 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus lachneri Klausewitz 1959. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

landoni, Apogonichthys Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1934:40 [Notes on fishes in the Zoological Museum of Stanford University. 1. The fishes of the Herre Philippine expedition of 1931.; ref. 2108] Reef in Cebu Harbor, Philippines. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 29083. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:72 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Apogonichthys landoni Herre 1934 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426]). •Valid as Foa landoni (Herre 1934) -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:9 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Foa landoni (Herre 1934). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Indonesia and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

lateralis, Apogon Valenciennes [A.] 1832:58 [Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) v. 1; ref. 17863] Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands, western Pacific. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2363 (5). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:61 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Apogon lateralis Valenciennes 1832 -- (Gon 1986:551 [ref. 5657], Kottelat et al. 1993:109 [ref. 23448], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:509 [ref. 25919], Yoshigou & Yoshino 1999:4 [ref. 24397], Myers 1999:126 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:229 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:767 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:767 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:63 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Tan & Lim 2004:110 [ref. 27716], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Allen et al. 2006:1090 [ref. 29004], Shibukawa 2009:106 [ref. 30449]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus lateralis (Valenciennes 1832) -- (Randall 2005:206 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2012:396 [ref. 31980], Kottelat 2013:330 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:75 [ref. 33932]). •Valid as Fibramia lateralis (Valenciennes 1832) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Shibukawa in Kimura et al. 2015:39 [ref. 34319], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Motomura et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:132 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:183 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:221 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Fibramia lateralis (Valenciennes 1832). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Mozambique, Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Caroline Islands (Micronesia), Tonga and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lativittatus, Apogon Randall [J. E.] 2001:49, Figs. 1-2 [Pacific Science v. 55 (no. 1); ref. 25215] Fatu Hiva, northeast of Matahumu Point, Marquesas Islands, depth 6 meters. Holotype: BPBM 11665. Paratypes: AMS I.39939-001 (1); ANSP 177853 (1); BPBM 11032 (5), 11677 (4), 12102 (1), 28069 (1), 38526 (1); CAS 211280 (1); FMNH 108688 (1); MNHN 2000-350 (2); NSMT-P59105 (1); USNM 360018 (1). •Valid as Apogon lativittatus Randall 2001 -- (Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Randall 2005:194 [ref. 28239], Greenfield 2007:364 [ref. 29402], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:34 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogon lativittatus Randall 2001. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southern-central Pacific: Marquesas Islands. Habitat: marine.

latus, Apogon Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:159 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Red Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:93 [ref. 12478]. •Status uncertain -- (Dor 1984:115 [ref. 29757], Gon & Randall 2003:42 [ref. 26750]). •Valid as Apogon latus Cuvier 1828 -- (Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356], T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Uncertain in family Apogonidae – (Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:68 [ref. 35264]). Apogonidae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

leai, Archamia Waite [E. R.] 1916:455, Pl. 45 [Transactions Royal Society of South Australia v. 40; ref. 15082] Norfolk Island. Syntypes: SAMA F308 (4). Type catalog: Glover 1976:172 [ref. 19449]. •Valid as Archamia leai Waite 1916 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:552 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:148 [ref. 15987], Chen & Shao 1993:783 [ref. 21016], Francis 1993:160 [ref. 25479], Randall et al. 1997:148 [ref. 25919], Randall & Satapoomin 1999:1 [ref. 24151], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Motomura et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25181], Gon & Randall 2003:33 [ref. 27133], Randall 2005:197 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1099 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Taeniamia leai (Waite 1916) -- (Fraser 2013:21 [ref. 32894], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:46 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia leai (Waite 1916). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: southern Queensland and northern New South Wales (Australia), east to New Caledonia and Norfolk Island. Habitat: marine.

leisi, Foa Fraser [T. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 2011:15, Figs. 9-10, 14-15 [Zootaxa No. 2988; ref. 31459] Taiaro Atoll, lagoon, 600 meters northeast of house, 15.2400°S, 144.64500°W, Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia, depth 15-18 meters. Holotype: AMS I.34514.002. Paratypes: AMNH 72824 (7); AMS I.34514.016 (4), I.34517.008 (2); BPBM 6195 (12); CAS 83094 (1); USNM 379655 (2), 379712 (2). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Foa leisi Fraser & Randall 2011 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:10 [ref. 36965], Fraser 2020:22 [ref. 37581]). Current status: Valid as Foa leisi Fraser & Randall 2011. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: South-central Pacific: Rapa, Society Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

lemprieri, Apogon Johnston [R. M.] 1883:142 [Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1882; ref. 18337] Dunkley's Point, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia. •Synonym of Vincentia conspersa (Klunzinger 1872) -- (Gomon et al. 1994:570 [ref. 22532], Allen et al. 2006:1111 [ref. 29004], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:18 [ref. 36965] as form lemprieri). Current status: Synonym of Vincentia conspersa (Klunzinger 1872). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

leptacanthus, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1856:204 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 16861] Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2) RMNH 5570 (1, poor condition) Species epithet 'leptacanthus' treated as a noun in apposition, therefore ending not adjusted to genus. •Valid as Apogon leptacanthus Bleeker 1856 -- (Dor 1984:115 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:149 [ref. 6441], Fraser & Lachner 1985:34 [ref. 5215], Gon 1986:551 [ref. 5657], Paxton et al. 1989:549 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:30 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:143 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:146 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:143 [ref. 25919], Fraser 1998:990 [ref. 23602], Myers 1999:130 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:762 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:762 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:18 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Allen et al. 2006:1090 [ref. 29004], Shibukawa 2009:106 [ref. 30449]). •Valid as Zoramia leptacantha (Bleeker 1856) -- (Randall 2005:215 [ref. 28239], Greenfield et al. 2005:625 [ref. 28488], Allen & Erdmann 2012:417 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:80 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:47 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2018:176 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:141 [ref. 36673]). •Valid as Zoramia leptacantha (Bleeker 1856) -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:184 [ref. 36965]). •Valid as Zoramia leptacanthus (Bleeker 1856) -- (Golani & Fricke 2018:79 [ref. 36273], Akaike et al. 2021:21 [ref. 38809], Fraser et al. 2022:222 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Zoramia leptacanthus (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Gulf of Aden, Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros and Madagascar east to Marshall Islands, Tonga and Samoa, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

leptocaulus, Apogon Gilbert [C. R.] 1972:421, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 85 (no. 36); ref. 17350] Atlantic, about 3700 yards off Boca Raton, Palm Beach County, Florida, U.S.A., depth 65-70 feet. Holotype: UF 17287. Paratypes: ANSP 117463 (1), FMNH 71014 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1974:112 [ref. 21035], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:10 [ref. 12367], Böhlke 1984:20 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Apogon leptocaulus Gilbert 1972 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:152 [ref. 23100], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Smith et al. 2003:28 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:143 [ref. 32708], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:27 [ref. 36965], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apogon leptocaulus Gilbert 1972. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

leptofasciatus, Apogon Allen [G. R.] 2001:145, Fig. 1 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 25670] Wruwarez Island, 0°47.103'S, 130°45.865E, off Batanta Island, Raja Ampat Islands, Irian Jaya Province, Indonesia. Holotype: NCIP 6189. Paratypes: WAM 31782-001 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:25 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon leptofasciatus Allen 2001 -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus leptofasciatus (Allen 2001) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:396 [ref. 31980], Fraser 2012:82 [ref. 32177], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:97 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus leptofasciatus (Allen 2001). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: West Papua (Indonesia) and Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia). Habitat: marine.

leslie, Ostorhinchus Schultz [J.] & Randall [J. E.] 2006:3, Figs. 1-4 [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 28964] Rose Atoll, southwestern side, 14°33.038'S, 158°9.250'W, American Samoa, depth 36.5 meters. Holotype: BPBM 40437. Paratypes: BPBM 15014 (2), 40438 (1); BMNH 2006;6.6.1 (1); MBNH 2006.6.6.1 (1); USNM 362856 (1). •Valid as Ostorhinchus leslie Schultz & Randall 2006 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:109 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus leslie Schultz & Randall 2006. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vanuatu and American Samoa. Habitat: marine.

limenus, Apogon Randall [J. E.] & Hoese [D. F.] 1988:361, Figs. 1-2 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 40; ref. 14264] Bottle and Glass Rocks, 33°52'S, 151°16'E, Sydney Harbor, New South Wales, Australia, depth 5-8 meters. Holotype: AMS I.26325-001 [ex BPBM 27825]. Paratypes: AMS I.19103-032 (30), I.19499-001 (1), I.19700-008 (2); BMNH 1986.9.4.129 (1); BPBM 14955 (2), 30588 (now 4); CAS 58973 (1); USNM [ex BPBM 30588] (1); WAM P.27082-006 (5). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:24 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:25 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon limenus Randall & Hoese 1988 -- (Kuiter 1993:159 [ref. 23929], Kuiter 1997:142 [ref. 25488], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Allen et al. 2006:1091 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus limenus (Randall & Hoese 1988) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:115 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus limenus (Randall & Hoese 1988). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: southern Queensland south to northern New South Wales (Australia). Habitat: brackish, marine.

lineata, Perca Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:42 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. No types known. Apparently independent of Perca lineata Linnaeus 1758 and preoccupied by P. lineata Linnaeus; but Fricke 1999:233 [ref. 24106] disagrees and regards Perca lineata Forsskål as not independent of Linnaeus and therefore objectively invalid. Gon & Randall 2003:31 [ref. 26750] use Cheilodipterus lineatus and cite Art. 23.9.5 but this article requires a petition. Also in Bonnaterre 1788:127 [ref. 4940]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:30 [ref. 30182]. •Treated as valid as Cheilodipterus lineatus by Gon 1993:27 [ref. 21133] but through a misinterpretation of Art. 57h(i); the valid name for this taxon is Cheilodipterus arabicus Gmelin 1789. •Incorrectly valid as Cheilodipterus lineatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Gon & Randall 2003:31 [ref. 26750], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:187 [ref. 28072]). •Synonym of Cheilodipterus arabicus (Gmelin 1789) -- (Randall 1995:162 [ref. 22896], Fricke 2008:30 [ref. 30182]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Cheilodipterus arabicus (Gmelin 1789). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

lineatus, Apogon Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1843:3 [Fauna Japonica Part 1; ref. 4370] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 70a [not 72a]. Paralectotypes: RMNH 70b [not 72b] (1). Lectotype designation by Boeseman 1947:18 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Apogon lineatus Temminck & Schlegel 1843 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:145 [ref. 6441], Randall 1995:157 [ref. 22896], Lee & Kim 1996:64 [ref. 24706], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:258 [ref. 27969], Gon 1997:168 [ref. 23065], Gon & Allen 1998:6 [ref. 24416], Fraser 2000:254 [ref. 24412], Nakabo 2000:773 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Shimizu 2001:29 [ref. 25799], Nakabo 2002:773 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:320, 598 [ref. 26218], Shinohara et al. 2005:432 [ref. 28370]). •Valid as Apogonichthys lineatus (Temminck & Schlegel 1843) -- (Cheng & Zhou 1997:256 [ref. 26385], Wang et al. 2001:217 [ref. 26566]). •Valid as Jaydia lineata (Temminck & Schlegel 1843) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Gon et al. 2015:291 [ref. 33858], Mabuchi et al. 2015:31, 46 [ref. 34429], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:239 [ref. 34742], Yu et al. 2016:3 [ref. 34816], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:168 [ref. 36965], Kumar et al. 2019:[3] 243 [ref. 37418], Kim et al. 2020:119 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:59 [ref. 37637] as lneata, Yu et al. 2021:974 [ref. 40905], Ishikawa & Nagaoka 2023:2 [ref. 40844], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:72 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia lineata (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

lineatus, Cheilodipterus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:540, 543, Pl. 34 (fig. 1) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Commerson material: MNHN 0000-9243 (skin). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:95 [ref. 12478] -- based on a drawing (and not the Commerson specimen). Secondarily preoccupied in Cheilodipterus by Perca lineatus (Forsskål 1775); but see Fricke 1999:233 [ref. 24106]. Genus misspelled Chelodipterus on p. 543. Considered by authors as a secondary homonym of Perca lineata of Forsskål 1775, which is, however, not a species independent from Perca lineata Linnaeus 1758 but a misidentification (see Fricke 1999:233 [ref. 24106], Fricke 2008:30 [ref. 30182], Fricke et al. 2009:51 [30213]). Though Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède 1801 would be the valid senior synonym, most authors are using Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède 1802) as valid. •Synonym of Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède 1802) -- (Gon 1993:30 [ref. 21133], T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000, Gon & Randall 2003:32 [ref. 26750]). •Valid as Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède 1801 -- (Gon 1986:555 [ref. 5657], Allen & Swainston 1988:64 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:552 [ref. 12442], Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356], Fricke 1999:232 [ref. 24106], Fricke et al. 2009:51 [ref. 30213], Caratini & Soriano 2011:7 [ref. 39915] as linéatus, Fricke et al. 2014:70 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2015:43 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:131 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:55 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède 1801. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa. Habitat: marine.

lineolatus, Apogon Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:160 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Red Sea. Syntypes: ZMB 66 (5). Non-types: ZMB 67 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:93 [ref. 12478]. Regarded as based on only one specimen by Eschmeyer et al. 1998. •Valid as Archamia lineolata (Cuvier 1828) -- (Dor 1984:116 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:149 [ref. 6441], Gon 1986:554 [ref. 5657], Chen & Shao 1993:783 [ref. 21016], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356], Gon & Randall 1995:549 [ref. 22803], Nakabo 2000:758 [ref. 25086], Motomura et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25181], Nakabo 2002:758 [ref. 26001], Gon & Randall 2003:29 [ref. 26750], Gon & Randall 2003:34 [ref. 27133]). •Valid as Taeniamia lineolata (Cuvier 1828) -- (Fraser 2013:21 [ref. 32894], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:43 [ref. 34429], DiBattista et al. 2015:20 [ref. 35706], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[5] 243 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:79 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:47 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:182 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:53 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia lineolata (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

lineolatus, Apogon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:47, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. •Permanently invalid, preoccupied by Apogon lineolatus Cuvier 1828 -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Synonym of Taeniamia lineolata (Cuvier 1828). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Taeniamia lineolata (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

lineomaculatus, Apogon Allen [G. R.] & Randall [J. E.] 2002:117, Figs. 1-2 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 26188] Tulamben, near rocky point on east side of Tulamben Beach, about 8°18'S, 115°37'E, Bali, Indonesia, depth 20-25 meters. Holotype: NCIP 6154. Paratypes: BPBM 32233 (2), 34081 (1), 34159 (2); MNHN 1998-1380 (2); NCIP 6155 (3); USNM 351559 (2); WAM 30514-002 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:25 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon lineomaculatus Allen & Randall 2002 -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus lineomaculatus (Allen & Randall 2002) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:396 [ref. 31980], Fraser 2012:82 [ref. 32177], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Allen & Erdmann 2017:39 [ref. 35104], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:102 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus lineomaculatus (Allen & Randall 2002). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

longicauda, Apogonicthys De Vis [C. W.] 1884:395 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 2); ref. 1090] Queensland, Australia. No types known. Original genus should have been Apogonichthys. •Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:555 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:1103 [ref. 29004]). Current status: Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

longimana, Foa Weber [M.] 1909:163 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 31 (note 4); ref. 4600] Nalahia, Nusa Laut Island, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ZMA 112203. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:88 [ref. 19236]. Based on a 14.2-mm specimen taken in the water column. •Status uncertain, genus Foa -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000 and 8/2012, Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426]). •Valid as Foa longimana Weber 1909 -- (Fraser 2014:170 [ref. 33548] with 4 choices for genera, doubtful). Current status: Valid as Foa longimana Weber 1909. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indonesia (if valid). Habitat: marine.

lunatus, Mionorus Krefft [J. L. G.] 1868:943 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 3) (art 1); ref. 2686] Cox River, Philip County, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: AMS I.13611. •Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:555 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:1103 [ref. 29004]). Current status: Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

luteus, Apogon Randall [J. E.] & Kulbicki [M.] 1998:36, Figs. 7-9 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 25 (no. 1/2); ref. 23411] Enewetak Island, north end, lagoon off marine pier, Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, depth 2-3 meters. Holotype: BPBM 24617. Paratypes: AMS I.38489 (2); BPBM 7001 (1), 7996 (8), 17960 (3), 28188 (8); CAS 98075 (3); MNHN 1997-4171 (3); NSMT-P 54271 (2); USNM 347161 (3). •Valid as Apogon luteus Randall & Kulbicki 1998 -- (Myers 1999:126 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus luteus (Randall & Kulbicki 1998) -- (Schultz & Randall 2006:8 [ref. 28964], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:107 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus luteus (Randall & Kulbicki 1998). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Micronesia to Fiji. Habitat: marine.

luxuria, Nectamia Fraser [T. H.] 2008:26, Figs. 3E, 6B, 11, 18 [Zootaxa No. 1691; ref. 29471] Tandjung Liang, Ceram, Indonesia. Holotype: USNM 209644. Paratypes: BPBM 21896 (9); ROM 54318 (3); USNM 213159 (7), 213235 (7), 213342 (24), 344924 (15). Plus additional non-type material from many localities. Name is a noun in apposition. •Valid as Nectamia luxuria Fraser 2008 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:385 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:176 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:218 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Nectamia luxuria Fraser 2008. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives east to Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to Philippines, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

macassariensis, Apogonoides Bleeker [P.] 1849:71 [Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (Singapore) v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 316] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. No types known. Senior synonym of Rhabdamia eremia Allen 1987, which is in prevailing usage and thus declared a nomen protectum, while Apogonoides macassariensis Bleeker 1849 is a nomen oblitum (Fraser & Bogorodsky 2019:579 [ref. 36628]). •Status uncertain, no types known -- (Fraser & Struhsaker 1991:719 [ref. 19768]). •In the synonymy of Cercamia eremia (Allen 1987) -- (Fraser & Bogorodsky 2019:579 [ref. 36628]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Cercamia eremia (Allen 1987). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

macrocauda, Vincentia Allen [G. R.] 1987:7, Fig. 4 [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 13387] Cheyne Beach, Western Australia, 34°53'S, 118°25'E. Holotype: WAM P.26608-017. Paratypes: SAMA F3916 (1), F5471 (1); WAM P.28293-023 (1), P.28297-015 (2), P.28298-010 (1), P.28864-005 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:24 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:27 [ref. 30117]. AMS I.26315-001 (1) is not a paratype. Species spelled macreauda in Figure 4. •Valid as Vincentia macrocauda Allen 1987 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:559 [ref. 12442], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1111 [ref. 29004], Allen & Gomon 2008:560 [ref. 30653], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:21 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Vincentia macrocauda Allen 1987. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Albany (Western Australia) east to Gulf of Saint Vincent (South Australia). Habitat: marine.

macrodon, Centropomus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1802:252, 273 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, or Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9143 (1, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:95 [ref. 12478]. Based on drawing in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). See also Gon 1993:33 [ref. 21133]. See Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède 1801 for discussion on synonymy and usage. •Synonym of Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède 1801 -- (Fricke 1999:232 [ref. 24106], Allen et al. 2006:1100 [ref. 29004], Fricke et al. 2009:51 [ref. 30213]). •Valid as Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède 1802) -- (Dor 1984:117 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:144 [ref. 6441], Winterbottom et al. 1989:31 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:149 [ref. 15987], Gon 1993:30 [ref. 21133], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Kuiter 1993:162 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:160 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:x [ref. 21953], Randall 1995:163 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:259 [ref. 27969] in Chelidopterus, Allen 1997:100 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:152 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:55 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:136 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:149 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:131 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Randall 1999:14 [ref. 25829], Nakabo 2000:753 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:217 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:753 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:32 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624] dated 1801, Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:186 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:199 [ref. 28239], Shibukawa 2009:109 [ref. 30449], Yoshida et al. 2010:50 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:111 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:376 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:109 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:43 [ref. 34429], Ranjith et al. 2015:55 [ref. 34723], Koeda et al. 2016:32 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:166 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:73 [ref. 36273], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:161 [ref. 40104], Eagderi et al. 2019:36 [ref. 37020] as Cheliodipterus m., Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Fraser et al. 2022:186 [ref. 39752], Sandra et al. 2022:[3] [ref. 39181], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:54 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède 1802). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Aliwal Shoal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), Tonga and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

macrophthalmus, Apogonichthys Bleeker [P.] (ex Castelnau) 1860:455 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 20 (no. 3); ref. 14028] Singapore. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Based on a color painting in the Zoological Museum, University of Liège (see Russell et al. 2010:97 [ref. 30735]). •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •A forgotten name (nomen oblitum) in the synonymy of Ostorhinchus compressus (Smith & Radcliffe 1911) -- (Russell et al. 2010:97 [ref. 30735]) Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Apogon compressus (Smith & Radcliffe 1911). Apogonidae: Apogoninae.

macropteroides, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1853:724 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 16829] Lepar Island, Bangka, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5608 (1 of 64, but mixed species). Original as macropteroïdes. The unique holotype was mixed with many specimens representing more than one species; Gon & Randall 2003:28 mention a lectotype, but on p. 30 they regard a 74-mm specimen as the holotype. •Synonym of Archamia fucata (Cantor 1849) -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000, Gon & Randall 2003:28 [ref. 27133]). •Synonym of Taeniamia fucata (Cantor 1849). Current status: Synonym of Taeniamia fucata (Cantor 1849). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

macropterus, Apogon Cuvier [G.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:160 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-8752. Paralectotypes: RMNH 51 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:61 [ref. 12478]. Perhaps based on one specimen as concluded by Eschmeyer et al. 1998, but it can't be determined which one of 2 available specimens might be the type. Lectotype established by Gon & Randall 2003:39 [ref. 27133]. •Valid as Archamia macroptera (Cuvier 1828) -- (Allen 1997:106 [ref. 23977], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:37 [ref. 27133], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:197 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2012:374 [ref. 31980]). •Valid as Taeniamia macroptera (Cuvier 1828) -- (Fraser 2013:21 [ref. 32894], Fricke et al. 2014:79 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34429], Suresh et al. 2018:273 [ref. 36495], Fricke et al. 2019:140 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:48 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia macroptera (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: eastern India and Sri Lanka east to Samoa, north to Yaeyama Islands, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

maculatus, Monoprion Poey [F.] 1860:123 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 9745 (1), 9755 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:188 [ref. 22926] wrongly with a holotype and paratype. •Valid as Apogon maculatus (Poey 1860) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:151 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:367 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:141 [ref. 14674], Boschung 1992:126 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:16 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:225 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:158 [ref. 27754], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Collette et al. 2003:108 [ref. 26784], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Smith et al. 2003:28 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:224 [ref. 28815], Baldwin et al. 2011:19 [ref. 31688], Page et al. 2013:143 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:45 [ref. 33341], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:23 [ref. 36965], Robertson et al. 2020:150 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:79 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:72 [ref. 39585], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:111 [ref. 40726], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:50 [ref. 40689], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apogon maculatus (Poey 1860). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: eastern Florida (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to Trinidad and Tobago, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

maculiferus, Apogon Garrett [A.] 1864:105 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 1) v. 3; ref. 18276] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): destroyed in 1906 fire. •Valid as Apogon maculiferus Garrett 1864 -- (Randall 1998:34 [ref. 23433], Mundy 2005:355 [ref. 28379]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus maculiferus (Garrett1864) -- (Randall 2007:215 [ref. 30952], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:126 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus maculiferus (Garrett 1864). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Northern-central Pacific: Hawaiian Islands (U. S. A.). Habitat: marine.

maculipinnis, Apogon Regan [C. T.] 1908:227, Pl. 27 (fig. 3) [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Second Series. Zoology v. 12 (pt 3); ref. 3634] Haddumati [Haddhunmathi Atoll], Maldives, Indian Ocean, depth 40 fathoms [73 meters]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1901.12.31.7. •Valid as Apogonichthyoides maculipinnis (Regan 1908) -- (Fraser & Allen 2011:68 [ref. 31605], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Psomadakis et al. 2015:206 [ref. 34104] as cf. maculipinnis [not maculipinnis], Fraser 2018:101 [ref. 36116], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:163 [ref. 36965], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 13 [ref. 38321], Fraser et al. 2022:211 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:65 [ref. 40689] as cf. maculipinnis). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides maculipinnis (Regan 1908). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Maldives endemic. Habitat: marine.

maculosus, Apogon Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:493 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 6; ref. 996] Sea of the Indies. No types known (based on a drawing). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:93 [ref. 12478]. •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). Apogonidae: Apogoninae.

madagascariensis, Foa Petit [G.] 1931:91 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 16324] Sarodrano, Province of Tuléar, Madagascar, depth 5-6 meters. Syntypes: MNHN (2, not found, presumed lost). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:96 [ref. 12478]. •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Valid as Foa madagascariensis Petit 1931 -- (Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35805], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:11 [ref. 36965], Fraser 2020:23 [ref. 37581], Fraser et al. 2022:173 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Foa madagascariensis Petit 1931. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), Tanzania, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius). Habitat: marine.

magnifica, Amia Seale [A.] 1910:507 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Balabac Island, Philippines. Holotype: BSMP 5192 (apparently destroyed). Paratypes: (numerous) BSMP (apparently destroyed). •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000, Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426]). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

majimai, Siphamia Matsubara [K.] & Iwai [T.] 1958:603, Figs. [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) v. 1 (no. 9); ref. 12086] Urasokari, Amami-oshima Island, Japan, about 28°07'N, 129°20'E. Holotype: FAKU 1746. Paratypes: BMNH 1959.1.6.1 [ex FAKU 1747] (1), FAKU 1747 (5). •Valid as Siphamia majimai Matsubara & Iwai 1958 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:144 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:64 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:557 [ref. 12442] as majimae, Randall et al. 1990:153 [ref. 15987], Hayashi et al. 1994:2 [ref. 24343], Allen 1997:100 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:153 [ref. 25919], Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:751 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:751 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830] as majimae, Yoshida et al. 2010:57 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:113 [ref. 31256], Gon & Allen 2012:52 [ref. 31960], Allen & Erdmann 2012:414 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:45 [ref. 34429], Motomura et al. 2015:22 [ref. 34709], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Koeda et al. 2016:6 [ref. 35354], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:147 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia majimai Matsubara & Iwai 1958. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines north to Japan. Habitat: marine.

margaritophorus, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1855:363 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 3); ref. 16937] Batjan, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5576 (1 of 9, 3 in size range). •Valid as Apogon margaritophorus Bleeker 1855 -- (Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:63 [ref. 27510]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus margaritophorus (Bleeker 1855) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:397 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Yoshida in Kimura et al. 2015:40 [ref. 34319], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:124 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus margaritophorus (Bleeker 1855). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Malaysia and Indonesia east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

marginatus, Apogon Döderlein [L.] in Steindachner & Döderlein 1883:2 [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 48 (1. Abth.); ref. 4247] Not available, name mentioned in passing in synonymy of Apogon ellioti Day 1875; from Japan. •In the synonymy of Apogon truncatus Bleeker 1855 -- (Gon 1997:185 [ref. 23065] but dated to a different reference). •In the synonymy of Jaydia truncata (Bleeker 1855). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Jaydia truncata (Bleeker 1855). Apogonidae: Apogoninae.

marmoratus, Apogonichthys Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:268, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Cape Grenville, Queensland, Australia. Lectotype: AMS I.16311 [ex MAMU F421] (larger of 2). Paralectotypes: AMS I.16311-001 [ex MAMU F421] (1, smaller of 2). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:206 [ref. 19518]. Lectotype desigated and figured by Whitley 1959:14-15 [ref. 4730]. •Valid as Fowleria marmorata (Alleyne & Macleay 1877) -- (Dor 1984:118 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:144 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:554 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:151 [ref. 15987], Ho et al. 1993:8 [ref. 22789], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:32 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:106 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:151 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:132 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:754 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:754 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:36 [ref. 26750], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495] dated 1876, Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:200 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1102 [ref. 29004], Gon & Bogorodsky 2010:35 [ref. 31049], Yoshida et al. 2010:53 [ref. 31255] as cf marmorata, Motomura et al. 2010:112 [ref. 31256] as cf marmorata, Allen & Erdmann 2012:380 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:71 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Fricke et al. 2018:168 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:74 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:132 [ref. 36673], Fraser et al. 2022:174 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Fowleria marmorata (Alleyne & Macleay 1877). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Comoros and Madagascar east to Line Islands (Kiribati), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

marquesensis, Apogon Greenfield [D. W.] 2001:469, Fig. 2F [Copeia 2001 (no. 2); ref. 25234] South side of Vaeho Bay off entrance to large cave, Ua Pou, Marquesas Islands, depth 0-10 meters. Holotype: BPBM 11033. Paratypes: ANSP 177852 (1); BPBM 38694 (4), 10346 (6), 11706 (2); CAS 211155 (1); FMNH 108687 (1); USNM 364355 (1). •Valid as Apogon marquesensis Greenfield 2001 -- (Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Randall 2005:194 [ref. 28239], Greenfield 2007:364 [ref. 29402], Yoshida et al. 2010:38 [ref. 31255], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:37 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogon marquesensis Greenfield 2001. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southern-central Pacific: Marquesas Islands. Habitat: marine.

mascarene, Cercamia Fraser [T. H.], Bogorodsky [S. V.], Mal [A. O.] & Alpermann [T. J.] 2021:380, Figs. 10B-C, 12-13 [Zootaxa 5039 (no. 3); ref. 38633] Off Riviere Banane, Rodrigues Island, Mauritius, 19°40'05"S, 63°28'22"E, depth 21 - 22 meters. Holotype: SAIAB 70012. Paratypes; ROM, SAIAB. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cercamia mascarene Fraser, Bogorodsky, Mal & Alpermann 2021. Current status: Valid as Cercamia mascarene Fraser, Bogorodsky, Mal & Alpermann 2021. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Rodrigues Island, Mauritius. Habitat: marine.

maximus, Apogon Boulenger [G. A.] 1888:655 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (pt 4); ref. 14479] Muscat, Oman, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1887.11.11.66-67 (2), 1887.11.11.68 (1, dry skeleton). •Valid as Holapogon maximus (Boulenger 1888) -- (Fraser 1973:2 [ref. 1483], Randall 1995:165 [ref. 22896], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Said Koya et al. 2011:1 [ref. 31294], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Psomadakis et al. 2015:210 [ref. 34104], Mabuchi et al. 2015:39 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:5 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:171 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:48 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Holapogon maximus (Boulenger 1888). Apogonidae: Amioidinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Somalia and Oman east to Pakistan and southwestern India; Andaman Islands (India). Habitat: marine.

melampodus, Apogonichthys Blosser [C. B.] 1909:296 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1) (art. 5); ref. 14363] St. Croix Island, Virgin Islands, West Indies. Holotype (unique): FMNH 53049 [ex CM 1474]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:91 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:10 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Astrapogon stellatus (Cope 1867) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:46 [ref. 33341]). Current status: Synonym of Astrapogon stellatus (Cope 1867). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

melanogaster, Cercamia Allen [G. R.], Erdmann [M. V.] & Mahardini [A.] 2015:59, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 14; ref. 33753] Sebakor, 3°17.034'S, 132°43.995"E, Fak Fak Peninsula, West Papua Province, Indonesia, depth 15 meters. Holotype: MZB 22706. Paratypes: MZB, WAM. •Valid as Cercamia melanogaster Allen, Erdmann & Mahardini 2015 -- (Fraser & Bogorodsky 2019:579 [ref. 36628], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:72 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Cercamia melanogaster Allen, Erdmann & Mahardini 2015. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: West Papua (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

melanogaster, Gymnapogon Gon [O.] & Golani [D.] 2002:347, Figs. 1, 2a, 2b [Ichthyological Research v. 49 (no. 4); ref. 26497] North Beach, Eilat, Israel‎ , Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, depth 0-1.5 meters. Holotype: HUJ 18632. Paratype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 64526 (1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:27 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Gymnapogon melanogaster Gon & Golani 2002 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Fraser 2016:431 [ref. 34421], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[5] 243 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:75 [ref. 36273], Yoshida et al. 2019:96 [ref. 36901], Fraser et al. 2022:189 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Gymnapogon melanogaster Gon & Golani 2002. Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Northern Red Sea: Gulf of Aqaba endemic. Habitat: marine.

melanoproctus, Apogon Fraser [T. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 1976:506, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 88 (no. 47); ref. 7334] Vertical reef with caves, south side of Tanavula Point, 9°02'44"S, 160°04'07"E, Florida Island, Solomon Islands, depth 18-37 meters. Holotype: BPBM 15474. Paratypes: AMS I.17888-001 (2); BPBM 15475 (2); CAS 30649 (2); RMNH 27057 (2); USNM 212132 (2), 212133 (1, c&s). •Valid as Apogon melanoproctus Fraser & Randall 1976 -- (Myers 1999:126 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus melanoproctus (Fraser & Randall 1976) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:397 [ref. 31980], Fraser 2012:82 [ref. 32177], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2019:135 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:101 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus melanoproctus (Fraser & Randall 1976). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Palau and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Philippines, south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

melanopterus, Apogonichthys Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1930:17 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 100, v. 10; ref. 1477] Philippines. Holotype (unique): ANSP 47491. Replacement name for Amia melas Fowler 1918, preoccupied by Apogon melas Bleeker 1848 in Apogon. •Status uncertain in Ostorhinchus -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426]). Replacement Name. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

melanopus, Apogon Weber [M.] 1911:28, Fig. 4 [Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Frankfurt-a.-M. v. 34 (no. 1); ref. 14827] Sungi Barkai at Wardakau, Aru Island, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): SMF 12131. •Valid as Apogon melanopus Weber 1911 -- (Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:356 [ref. 23967], Fraser 2000:253 [ref. 24412], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1091 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Jaydia melanopus (Weber 1911) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:382 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:166 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia melanopus (Weber 1911). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia, Western Australia and Northern Territory (Australia). Habitat: marine.

melanorhynchos, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1852:255 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 16825] Wahai, northern Ceram, Indonesia. Syntypes: (3) RMNH 5591 (possibly 3 of 12). Original as melanorhijnchos. Fraser & Lachner 1985:25 [ref. 4215] found that RMNH 5591 contained 6 different species, none agreeing with the figure presented in Bleeker's Atlas (which is Apogon fraenatus Valenciennes 1832). •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). Current status: Synonym of Apogon. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

melanotaenia, Apogon Regan [C. T.] 1905:320, Pl. 3(C) (fig. 4) [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 16; ref. 15386] Karachi, Pakistan. Lectotype: BMNH 1898.6.29.18. Paralectotypes: (8) BMNH 1864.11.15.69-71 (3) Zanzibar, 1865.2.27.12-13 (2) Zanzibar, 1865.2.27.22 (1) Zanzibar. •Synonym of Apogon cookii Macleay 1881 -- (Randall & Lachner 1986:115 [ref. 9722]). •Synonym of Ostorhinchus cookii (Macleay 1881) -- (Fraser et al. 2022:196 [ref. 39752], Endruweit 2024:41 [ref. 41040]). Current status: Synonym of Ostorhinchus cookii (Macleay 1881). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

melanurus, Apogon Bleeker [P.] (ex Castelnau) 1860:454 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 20 (no. 3); ref. 14028] Singapore. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Based on a color painting in the Zoological Museum, University of Liège (see Russell et al. 2010:95 [ref. 30735]). •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Status uncertain, possible a poor representation of Cheilodipterus. macrodon (Lacepède 1802) -- (Russell et al. 2010:95 [ref. 30735]). Current status: Uncertain as Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède 1802). Apogonidae: Apogoninae.

melas, Amia Fowler [H. W.] 1918:17, Fig. 8 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 70; ref. 1396] Philippines. Holotype (unique): ANSP 47491. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:20 [ref. 13621]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Apogon melas Bleeker 1848 in Amia; replaced by Apogonichthys melanopterus Fowler & Bean 1930. •Synonym of Apogon melanopterus (Fowler & Bean 1930) -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Valid as Apogon melas (Fowler 1918) -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Apogon melanopterus (Fowler & Bean 1930). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

melas, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1848:635 [Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (Singapore) v. 2 (no. 9); ref. 315] Bima, Sumbawa Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 5606 (some of 19, 17 within size range). Bleeker specimens: 1880,4,21.75-77 (3). Also in Bleeker 1849:29 [ref. 318]. •Valid as Apogon melas Bleeker 1848 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:147 [ref. 6441], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:148 [ref. 25488], Myers 1999:129 [ref. 23965], Fraser 2000:254 [ref. 24412], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:774 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:774 [ref. 26001], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:64 [ref. 27510], Allen et al. 2006:1091 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides melas (Bleeker 1848) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:370 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:69 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426] with question, Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:158 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides melas (Bleeker 1848). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Cocos-Keeling Islands east to Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

melasma, Archamia Lachner [E. A.] & Taylor [W. R.] 1960:29, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 73; ref. 10033] Yirrkala, Northern Territory, Australia. Holotype: AMS IB.4473. Paratypes: AMS IA.1499 (1), USNM 173794 (6). Additional material: AMS IA.2334 (2). •Synonym of Archamia biguttata Lachner 1951 -- (Randall & Satapoomin 1999:1 [ref. 24151], Gon & Randall 2003:13 [ref. 27133], Allen et al. 2006:1098 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Archamia melasma Lachner & Taylor 1960 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:149 [ref. 15987], Chen & Shao 1993:783 [ref. 21016], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:357 [ref. 23967], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Allen & Erdmann 2012:374 [ref. 31980]). •Valid as Taeniamia melasma (Lachner & Taylor 1960) -- (Fraser 2013:22 [ref. 32894], Fricke et al. 2014:79 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:46 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia melasma (Lachner & Taylor 1960). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Papua New Guinea, north to Philippines, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

menesemops, Apogon Lachner [E. A.] 1953:455, Fig. 78 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202 (v. 1); ref. 17482] Enyu Island, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands. Holotype: USNM 142232. Paratypes: USNM 142283-84 (2, 2). •Synonym of Apogon taeniopterus Bennett 1836 -- (Fraser & Lachner 1985:29 [ref. 5215], Randall 1998:35 [ref. 23433]). •Synonym of Pristiapogon taeniopterus (Bennett 1836). Current status: Synonym of Pristiapogon taeniopterus (Bennett 1836). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

menesemus, Apogon Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:448, Fig. 19 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50700. Paratypes: (16) CAS-SU 7831 (5), 23299 (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:72 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Apogon menesemus Jenkins 1903 -- (Fraser & Lachner 1985:28 [ref. 5215], Myers 1999:129 [ref. 23965]). •Mention, in genus Pristiapogon -- (Randall 2005:211 [ref. 28239]). •Synonym of Apogon taeniopterus Bennett 1836 -- (Randall 1998:35 [ref. 23433], Mundy 2005:356 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:216 [ref. 30952]). •Uncertain as Pristiapogon menesemus (Jenkins 1903) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426]). •Valid as Pristiapogon menesemus (Jenkins 1903) -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:134 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Pristiapogon menesemus (Jenkins 1903). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Northern-central Pacific: Hawaiian Islands (U. S. A.) endemic. Habitat: marine.

mentalis, Apogonichthys Evermann [B. W.] & Seale [A.] 1907:74, Fig. 10 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (Doc. 607) (for 1906); ref. 1285] Bacon, Sorsogon, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 55905. Paratypes: CAS-SU 20002 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:72 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Rhabdamia mentalis (Evermann & Seale 1907) -- (Yoshida & Motomura 2018:178 [ref. 35776]). •Synonym of Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker 1856) -- (Yoshida et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 36254]). Current status: Synonym of Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

micromaculatus, Ostorhynchus Kotthaus [A.] 1970:70, Fig. 254 [Meteor Forschungsergebnisse. Reihe D, Biologie No. 6; ref. 21596] Southern Red Sea, north of Perim, Yemen, 12°52'N, 43°19.8'E to 12°47.5'N, 43°21'E, depth 37 meters. Holotype: ZMH 5050. Paratypes: ZMH 5051 (10, now 9), 5052-53 (4, 3). Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:417 [ref. 21161]. •Valid as Apogon micromaculatus (Kotthaus 1970) -- (Dor 1984:113 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:30 [ref. 25356], Mee 1996:106 [ref. 22471]). •Synonym of Apogon spilurus Regan 1905 -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000, Gon & Randall 2003:25 [ref. 26750]). •Synonym of Ostorhinchus spilurus (Regan 1905) -- (Golani & Fricke 2018:77 [ref. 36273], Fraser et al. 2022:202 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Ostorhinchus spilurus (Regan 1905). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

microspilos, Apogon Allen [G. R.] & Randall [J. E.] 2002:119, Fig. 3 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 26188] Lombok, Indonesia, depth 21.5 meters. Holotype: NCIP 6165. Paratypes: BPBM 30149 (1). •Valid as Apogon microspilos Allen & Randall 2002 -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus microspilos (Allen & Randall 2002 as microspilus, Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:85 [ref. 36965] as microspilus). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus microspilos (Allen & Randall 2002). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Lombok (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

miniatus, Apogonichthyoides Fraser [T. H.] 2010:94, Figs. 1-4 [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 16 (no. 3); ref. 30909] 10.5 kilometers north-northeast of Cartier Island, Timor Sea, 12°26'42"S to 123°36'03"E to 12°26'58"S, 123°36'35"E, depth 95 meters. Holotype: NMV A29729-003. Paratypes: BPBM 41014 (1); CAS 229329 (1); CSRIO H 6597-04 (1), 6597-05 (11); NMV A29729-039 (8), A29729-054 (1, c&s); NTM S.16659-001 (1); USNM 398149 (1); WAM P.33240-001 (1). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides miniatus Fraser 2010 -- (Fraser 2010:94 [ref. 30909], Fraser & Allen 2011:68 [ref. 31605], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:158 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides miniatus Fraser 2010. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Timor Sea (off northern Western Australia). Habitat: marine.

mirifica, Quinca Mees [G. F.] 1966:83, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia v. 49 (pt 3); ref. 2968] Cockatoo Island, Yampi Sound, Kimberley Division, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): WAM P.5787-001. Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:24 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:26 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Pterapogon mirifica (Mees 1966) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:64 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:556 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:100 [ref. 23977], Allen 1999:2609 [ref. 24812], Allen et al. 2006:1107 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Quinca mirifica Mees 1966 -- (Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Vagelli 2014:1 [ref. 33144], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:180 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Quinca mirifica Mees 1966. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: northern Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

modestus, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1854:315 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 16935] Anjer, western Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5579. •Synonym of Apogon novaeguineae Valenciennes 1832 -- (Gon 1997:170 [ref. 23065] as novaguinae). •Synonym of Jaydia novaeguineae (Valenciennes 1832). Current status: Synonym of Jaydia novaeguineae (Valenciennes 1832). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

moluccensis, Apogon Valenciennes [A.] 1832:54 [Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) v. 1; ref. 17863] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype: MNHN 0000-8707 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:61 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Apogon moluccensis Valenciennes 1832 -- (Fraser & Randall 1986:644 [ref. 8091], Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:549 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:144 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:157 [ref. 23929], Hayashi & Yano 1996:47 [ref. 24614], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:144 [ref. 25919], Fraser 2000:254 [ref. 24412], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Fraser et al. 2002:176 [ref. 26401], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa 2009:107 [ref. 30449], Yoshida et al. 2010:39 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:108 [ref. 31256]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus moluccensis (Valenciensis 1832) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:398 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:75 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:135 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:125 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus moluccensis (Valenciennes 1832). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Andaman Islands and Indonesia east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Taiwan, south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

monochrous, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1856:34 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1 (6); ref. 352] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 5567 (65.0 mm SL). Paralectotypes: (11) RMNH 34751 [ex RMNH 5567] (7); SMNS orig. 760av (1, not found). Type catalog: Fricke 1991:7 [ref. 13474], Fricke 2005:12 [ref. 29864] Lectotypes designated by Fraser et al. 2002:182 [ref. 26401]. •Valid as Apogon monochrous Bleeker 1856 -- (Fraser & Randall 1986:644 [ref. 8091], see Fraser 1999:43 [ref. 23767], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122]). •Synonym of Apogon moluccensis Valenciennes 1832 -- (Fraser et al. 2002:176 [ref. 26401]). •Synonym of Ostorhinchus moluccensis (Valenciennes 1832). Current status: Synonym of Ostorhinchus moluccensis (Valenciennes 1832). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

monogramma, Apogon Günther [A.] 1880:38, Pl. 16 (fig. B) [Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873-1876 v. 1 (pt 6); ref. 2011] Arafura Sea, Challenger stations 188-190, depth about 25-49 fathoms. Syntypes: BMNH 1879.5.14.177 (3), NMI block reg. no. 114.1899 (1). Type catalog: Wheeler & O'Riordan 1969:96-97 [ref. 20752]. •Synonym of Apogon fasciatus (Shaw 1790) -- (Fraser 2005:10 [ref. 28138], Allen et al. 2006:1087 [ref. 29004]). •Synonym of Ostorhinchus fasciatus (Shaw 1790) -- (Matsunuma & Tashiro 2020:151 [ref. 37726]). Current status: Synonym of Ostorhinchus fasciatus (Shaw 1790). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

monospilus, Apogon Fraser [T. H.], Randall [J. E.] & Allen [G. R.] 2002:182, Fig 1A-C [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 50 (no. 1); ref. 26401] Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 357485. Paratypes: BPBM 28538 (5), CAS-SU 69804 (1), USNM 169368 (4). Plus non-type material. Treated as a noun in apposition. •Valid as Apogon monospilus Fraser, Randall & Allen 2002 -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2006:1091 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus monospilus (Fraser, Randall & Allen 2002) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:398 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:125 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus monospilus (Fraser, Randall & Allen 2002). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

mosavi, Apogon Dale [G.] 1977:20, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 90 (no. 1); ref. 7242] Dropoff at Hawks-nest Creek, 1/2 mile from shore, Cat Island, Bahamas, depth 85-105 feet. Holotype: AMNH 35782. Paratypes: AMNH 34481 (orig. 126, now 105), ANSP 137482 [ex AMNH] (5), UF 232962 [ex UMML 32962, ex AMNH] (5), USNM 216595 [ex AMNH] (5). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:20 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Apogon mosavi Dale 1977 -- (Gilbert & Tyler 1997:773 [ref. 22974], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Smith et al. 2003:28 [ref. 27621], Baldwin et al. 2011:27 [ref. 31688], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:30 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogon mosavi Dale 1977. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

mossambica, Siphamia Smith [J. L. B.] 1955:63, Pl. 1 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 8 (no. 85) (art. 7); ref. 12473] Bazaruto, 21°30'S, 35°31'E, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 345. Non-types: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 785 (1) not definitely included. •Valid as Siphamia mossambica Smith 1955 -- (Gon 1986:557 [ref. 5657], Fricke 1999:236 [ref. 24106], Fricke et al. 2009:53 [ref. 30213], Gon & Allen 2012:54 [ref. 31960], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Fricke et al. 2018:174 [ref. 35805], Arndt & Fricke 2019:11 [ref. 36883], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:148 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:208 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia mossambica Smith 1955. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South Africa, East Africa (Mozambique, Kenya) and Oman east to Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius). Habitat: marine.

mozambiquensis, Archamia Smith [J. L. B.] 1961:380, Pl. 46 (fig. A) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 22; ref. 4128] Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 349. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 770-771, 773 (2, 1, 7), 1062 (1, c&s). •Valid as Archamia mozambiquensis Smith 1961 -- (Gon 1986:554 [ref. 5657], Chen & Shao 1993:783 [ref. 21016], Gon & Randall 1995:549 [ref. 22803], Randall & Satapoomin 1999:1 [ref. 24151], Gon & Randall 2003:40 [ref. 27133], Gon et al. 2013:591 [ref. 32421]). •Valid as Taeniamia mozambiquensis (Smith 1961) -- (Fraser 2013:22 [ref. 32894], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:45 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:182 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia mozambiquensis (Smith 1961). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania). Habitat: marine.

multilineata, Amia Bleeker [P.] 1874:29 [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 3) v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 5120] Ceram Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 5602 (11). Appeared first without description in 1865:188 [ref. 414] and with confusion as "Apogon multilineatus CV" was in error. Corrected and described as above. •Valid as Apogon multilineatus (Bleeker 1874) -- (Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830] dated to 1865, Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:64 [ref. 27510]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus multilineatus (Bleeker 1874) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:399 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:75 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2019:135 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:121 [ref. 36965], Yoshida in Motomura et al. 2021:26 [ref. 38121]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus multilineatus (Bleeker 1874). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Sumatra (Indonesia) east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Philippines, south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

multitaeniatus, Apogon Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:159 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Red Sea. Holotype: MNHN (apparently lost). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:94 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Apogon multitaeniatus Cuvier 1828 -- (Dor 1984:111 [ref. 29757], Gon 1986:551 [ref. 5657], Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356], Gon 1995:12 [ref. 21822], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:x [ref. 21953], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Gon & Randall 2003:19 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Lepidamia multitaeniatus (Cuvier 1828) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Fraser et al. 2022:192 [ref. 39752]). •Valid as Lepidamia multitaeniata (Cuvier 1828) -- (Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:75 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:80 [ref. 36965], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:54 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Lepidamia multitaeniata (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden east to Pakistan, including Socotra (Yemen). Habitat: marine.

mydrus, Mionorus Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1905:778, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1407); ref. 2495] Negros Oriental Province, Baia, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 51946. •Valid as Apogon mydrus (Jordan & Seale 1905) -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Valid as Ostorhinchus mydrus (Jordan & Seale 1905) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426] with question). Current status: Uncertain as Ostorhinchus mydrus (Jordan & Seale 1905). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific (if valid). Habitat: marine.

nafae, Apogonichthys Snyder [J. O.] 1909:599 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 36 (no. 1688); ref. 4151] Naha, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype (unique): USNM 62947. •Synonym of Fowleria variegata (Valenciennes 1832) -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). Current status: Synonym of Fowleria variegata (Valenciennes 1832). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

nanus, Apogon Allen [G. R.], Kuiter [R. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 1994:29, Figs. 2-3 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 21 (no. 1/2); ref. 21602] 300 meters southwest of Flores Sao Wisata Resort, Maumere, Flores, Indonesia, about 8°39'S, 122°19'E. Holotype: NCIP 6109. Paratypes: AMS I.34554-001 (10); BPBM 34112 (5), 34134 (22); NCIP 6110-16 (7); USNM 328635 (10); WAM P.30372-002 (34), 30402-002 (85). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:25 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon nanus Allen, Kuiter & Randall 1994 -- (Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977], Fraser 1998:990 [ref. 23602], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus nanus (Allen, Kuiter & Randall 1994) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:399 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:75 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2019:136 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:99 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus nanus (Allen, Kuiter & Randall 1994). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Malaysia and Indonesia east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Philippines, south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

narindica, Glossamia Roberts [T. R.] 1978:57, Fig. 31b [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 281; ref. 8886] Middle Fly River, Papua New Guinea, 7°22.6'S, 141°29.0'E. Holotype: AMS I.21479-002 [ex USNM 217209]. Paratypes: AMS I.21480-001 (1), BMNH 1980.4.30.4 (1), KFRS F.4514.01 (2), USNM 217210 (orig. 9, now 5). •Valid as Glossamia narindica Roberts 1978 -- (Allen 1991:133 [ref. 21090], Allen et al. 2008:130 [ref. 30265], Hadiaty & Allen 2011:179 [ref. 31448], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:68 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Glossamia narindica Roberts 1978. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southern-central Papua New Guinea. Habitat: freshwater.

natalensis, Apogon Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1908:149 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 6 (pt 2); ref. 14320] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAM 9958 [or 9858, 9958 on bottle label]. •Synonym of Apogon multitaeniatus Cuvier 1828 -- (Gon 1986:551 [ref. 5657]). •Valid as Apogon natalensis Gilchrist & Thompson 1908 -- (Gon 1995:13 [ref. 21822], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:x [ref. 21953], Randall 1995:158 [ref. 22896]). •Valid as Lepidamia natalensis (Gilchrist & Thompson 1908) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Psomadakis et al. 2015:209 [ref. 34104], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:80 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:192 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:56 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Lepidamia natalensis (Gilchrist & Thompson 1908). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Gulf of Aden east to Pakistan. Habitat: marine.

nebulosus, Apogonichthys Ogilby [J. D.] 1908:15 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 21; ref. 3286] Edward Street Baths, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.1584 [ex AFAQ]. •Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842) -- (Allen et al. 2006:1103 [ref. 29004]). Current status: Synonym of Glossamia aprion (Richardson 1842). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

nematacantha, Amia Ogilby [J. D.] 1913:85, Pl. 22 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 2; ref. 14966] Erub [= Darnley] Island, Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: QM I.1273. Paratypes: QM I.1270-72 (3), I.1274 (1, not found), I.1275 (1). •Synonym of Apogon leptacanthus Bleeker 1856 -- (Fraser & Lachner 1985:34 [ref. 5215], Allen et al. 2006:1090 [ref. 29004]). •Synonym of Zoramia leptacanthus (Bleeker 1856). Current status: Synonym of Zoramia leptacanthus (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

nematopterus, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1856:35 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1 (6); ref. 352] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Syntypes: (3) RMNH 5573 (largest of 2). •Valid as Sphaeramia nematoptera (Bleeker 1856) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:149 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:558 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:153 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:150 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:153 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:133 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2610 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:752 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:219 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:102 [ref. 25868], Nakabo 2002:752 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:70 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:214 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1109 [ref. 29004], Allen & Erdmann 2012:416 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:78 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:139 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:181 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Sphaeramia nematoptera (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Caroline Islands and Fiji, north to Yaeyama Islands, south to northern Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

neotes, Apogon Allen [G. R.], Kuiter [R. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 1994:31, Fig. 4 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 21 (no. 1/2); ref. 21602] Pasar Sari Reef, outer Maumere Bay, Flores, Indonesia, about 8°23'S, 122°13'E, depth 20 meters. Holotype: NCIP 6117. Paratypes: AMS I.34553-001 (5), BPBM 31348 (10), USNM 328636 (5), WAM P.30354-001 (17). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:25 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon neotes Allen, Kuiter & Randall 1994 -- (Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:146 [ref. 25488] as neotus, Fraser 1998:989 [ref. 23602], Myers 1999:125 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Allen et al. 2006:1091 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus neotes (Allen, Kuiter & Randall 1994) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:399 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:75 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:136 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:100 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus neotes (Allen, Kuiter & Randall 1994). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Palau and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Philippines, south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

niger, Apogon Döderlein [L.] in Steindachner & Döderlein 1883:2 [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 48 (1. Abth.); ref. 4247] Japan. Lectotype: ZMB 35052. Paralectotypes: ZMB 35053-54 (2). Non-types: BMNH 1891.5.26.6 (1), ZMB 12059 (1). Not available as above, name mentioned in synonymy of Apogon nigripinnis Cuvier 1828; from Tokyo Bay, Japan. Apparently subsequent use (not located) makes the name available. Type information (ZMB 12059) from Amaoka & Fujii 1999:161 [ref. 26515]. Lectotype selected by Gon 2000:7 [ref. 26650]. •Valid as Apogon niger Döderlein 1883 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:146 [ref. 6441], Lee & Kim 1996:64 [ref. 24706], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:258 [ref. 27969], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:773 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:90 [ref. 25480] with authorship as Jordan & Snyder 1901, Gon 2000:3 [ref. 26650], Nakabo 2002:773 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:320, 598 [ref. 26218], Prokofiev 2006:5 [ref. 28960]). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides niger (Döderlein 1883) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:44 [ref. 30717], Fraser & Allen 2011:68 [ref. 31605], Yoshida et al. 2013:109 [ref. 34464], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Yu et al. 2016:3 [ref. 34816], Motomura et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35490], Yoshida in Kimura et al. 2018:113 [ref. 36460], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:156 [ref. 36965], Sonoyama et al. 2020:58 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides niger (Döderlein 1883). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: northern Vietnam east to Philippines, north to Japan Habitat: marine.

nigra, Pseudamia Allen [G. R.] 1992:697, Fig. 1 [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 15 (pt 4); ref. 21073] King George River Gorge, about 500 meters downstream from King George Falls, East Kimberley District, Western Australia. Holotype: WAM P.30300-001. Paratypes: NTM X.10006-028 (3), S.17018-059 (22), S.11124-003 (19), S.12870-001 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:26 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Pseudamia nigra Allen 1992 -- (Randall & Ida 1993:11 [ref. 20715], Allen 1997:106 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:357 [ref. 23967], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812] as niger, Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1106 [ref. 29004], Larson et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426]). Current status: Valid as Pseudamia nigra Allen 1992. Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

nigra, Siphamia Fourmanoir [P.] & Crosnier [A.] 1964:7, Fig. 4 [Cahiers O. R. S. T. O. M. (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer) Série Océanographie No. 6 (1963); ref. 5568] Small pools in Ambatoloaka, Nosy Be [Nossi-Bé], Madagascar. Syntypes: MNHN 1973-0043 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:66 [ref. 12478], Fricke et al. 2018:174 [ref. 35805]. •Synonym of Siphamia mossambica Smith 1955 -- (Gon & Allen 2012:54 [ref. 31960], Fricke et al. 2018:174 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Synonym of Siphamia mossambica Smith 1955. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

nigricans, Apogon Day [F.] 1875:58, Pl. 16 (fig. 3) [The fishes of India Part 1; ref. 1080] Madras, India. Syntypes: ZSI 1870-71 (1, 1), 1872 (1, figured). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:159 [ref. 23762]. •Related to, if not the same as Apogon melas Bleeker 1848 -- (Fraser 2000:254 [ref. 24412]). •Status uncertain in Ostorhinchus. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

nigrimentum, Bentuviaichthys Smith [J. L. B.] 1961:412, Pl. 50 (figs. E & E') [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 22; ref. 4128] Off Eritrea, Red Sea, depth 25 meters. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 359. Paratypes: (2) not researched. •Valid as Rhabdamia nigrimentum (Smith 1961) -- (Dor 1984:118 [ref. 29757], Allen 1987:6 [ref. 13387], Goren & Dor 1994:32 [ref. 25356], Gon & Randall 2003:39 [ref. 26750], Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Yoshida & Motomura 2018:178 [ref. 35776], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:78 [ref. 36273], Yoshida et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 36254], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:139 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:206 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Rhabdamia nigrimentum (Smith 1961). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

nigripes, Amia Ogilby [J. D.] 1911:49, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Queensland Museum No. 10; ref. 3290] Sandgate, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM (ex AFAQ 1221, apparently lost). Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Apogon nigripes Playfair 1867. Replaced by Amia atripes Ogilby 1916. •Synonym of Apogon atripes (Ogilby 1916) -- (T. Fraser pers. com. 9/2000). •Synonym of Apogon nigripinnis Cuvier 1828 -- (Gon 2000:7 [ref. 26650], Allen et al. 2006:1092 [ref. 29004]). •Synonym of Apogonichthyoides nigripinnis (Cuvier 1828) based on generic placement of nigripinnis. 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Apogonichthyoides nigripinnis (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

nigripes, Apogon Playfair [R. L.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:19, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.3.7.518-520 (3), 1864.11.15.72-74 (3), 1865.2.2.23 (1), 1867.3.7.18-20 (3). •Valid as Apogon nigripes Playfair 1867 -- (Gon 1986:551 [ref. 5657]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus nigripes (Playfair 1867) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:128 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:200 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus nigripes (Playfair 1867). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya). Habitat: marine.

nigripinnis, Apogon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:152 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Java, Indonesia; Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-8694 (1) Puducherry. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:61 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Apogonichthys nigripinnis (Cuvier 1828) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:190 [ref. 19754]). •Valid as Apogon nigripinnis Cuvier 1828 -- (Tortonese 1973:365 [ref. 7192], Dor 1984:113 [ref. 29757], Gon 1986:551 [ref. 5657], Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:549 [ref. 12442], Coad 1991:26 [ref. 15702], Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:158 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:151 [ref. 23922], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Fraser 2000:258 [ref. 24412], Gon 2000:7 [ref. 26650], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:80 [ref. 26753] dated 1838, Mishra & Krishnan 2003:28 [ref. 27712], Golani 2005:38 [ref. 37112], Allen et al. 2006:1092 [ref. 29004], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:68 [ref. 35264]). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides nigripinnis (Cuvier 1828) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:44 [ref. 30717], Fraser & Allen 2011:68 [ref. 31605], Larson et al. 2013:108 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Ali et al. 2018:320 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:165 [ref. 35805], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:164 [ref. 36965], Psomadakis et al. 2020:404 [ref. 37272], Fraser et al. 2022:211 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:66 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides nigripinnis (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indian Ocean: East Africa, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Myanmar, Arafura Sea and northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

nigrocincta, Amia Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1912:435, Pl. 37 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 41 (no. 1868); ref. 3576] Vicinity of Jolo, 6°05'50"N, 121°01'15"E, Philippines, Albatross station 5143, depth 19 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 70247. Paratypes: USNM 122267 (2). •Valid as Apogon nigrocinctus (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen 2001:147 [ref. 25670], Yoshida et al. 2013:106 [ref. 34464]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus nigrocinctus (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:87 [ref. 36965]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus nigrocincta (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:400 [ref. 31980], Motomura et al. 2017:100 [ref. 35490], Psomadakis et al. 2020:409 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus nigrocincta (Smith & Radcliffe 1912). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Myanmar and Indonesia east to Philippines, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

nigrofasciatus, Apogon Lachner [E. A.] 1953:466, Fig. 81; Pl. 37 C, D [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202 (v. 1); ref. 17482] Yuro Island, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, western Pacific. Holotype: USNM 142230. Paratypes: USNM 51813 (5), 109397 (1), 112102-03 (1, 6), 142285-97 (9, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 19, 7, 2, 5, 7, 6), 142298-309 (8, 2, 3, 7, 3, 2, 13, 4, 6, 3, 12, 10); FMNH 62604-05 (1, 2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:10 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Apogon nigrofasciatus Lachner 1953 -- (Randall & Lachner 1986:112 [ref. 9722], Paxton et al. 1989:549 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:144 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Kuiter 1993:158 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:144 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:144 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:128 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:214 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:771 [ref. 25086], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:771 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Fraser & Randall 2003:5 [ref. 26789], Gon & Randall 2003:19 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:64 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:183 [ref. 28072], Allen et al. 2006:1092 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:40 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:108 [ref. 31256], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:67 [ref. 35264]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus nigrofasciatus (Lachner 1953) -- (Randall 2005:207 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2012:400 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:75 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Koeda et al. 2016:33 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:172 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:77 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:136 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:119 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:200 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus nigrofasciatus (Lachner 1953). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Comoros, Madagascar and Maldives east to Marshall Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Elizabeth Reef (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

nigromaculatus, Apogon Hombron [J. B.] & Jacquinot [H.] in Jacquinot & Guichenot 1853:32, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Voyage au Pôle Sud et dans l'Oceanie v. 3 (pt 2); ref. 18307] New Guinea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8689. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:61 [ref. 12478]. Originally as nigro-maculatus. •Synonym of Sphaeramia orbicularis (Cuvier 1828) -- (Fraser et al. 2022:220 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Sphaeramia orbicularis (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

nigrotaeniatus, Cheilodipterus Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1912:442, Pl. 37 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 41 (no. 1868); ref. 3576] Coral reefs on northeastern shore of Sacol Island, east of Zamboanga, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 70252. Paratypes: (3). •Valid as Cheilodipterus nigrotaeniatus Smith & Radcliffe 1912 -- (Gon 1993:34 [ref. 21133], Allen 1997:106 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:138 [ref. 25488], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Allen & Erdmann 2012:377 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:65 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus nigrotaeniatus Smith & Radcliffe 1912. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: central Indonesia to Philippines. Habitat: marine.

nitidus, Ostorhynchus Smith [J. L. B.] 1961:403, Pl. 48 (fig. J) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 22; ref. 4128] Inhaca, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 344. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 3160 (2). •Valid as Apogon nitidus (Smith 1961) -- (Gon 1986:552 [ref. 5657], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122]). •Synonym of Apogon holotaenia Regan 1905 -- (Sadovy & Cornish 2000:98 [ref. 25480]). •Synonym of Ostorhinchus holotaenia (Regan 1905) -- (Fraser et al. 2022:199 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Ostorhinchus holotaenia (Regan 1905). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

nivosa, Foa Fraser [T. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 2011:20, Figs. 9, 11-15 [Zootaxa No. 2988; ref. 31459] Majuro Atoll,, lagoon off Uliga, 7°06'27.4"N, 171°22'07"E, depth 29 meters. Holotype: BPBM 39658. Paratypes: BPBM 28761 (2), 39703 (1), 40434 (1), 41055 (4); CAS 83093 (1); ROM 77135 (5); USNM 245649 (2). •Valid as Foa nivosa Fraser & Randall 2011 -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:10 [ref. 36965], Fraser 2020:22 [ref. 37581]). Current status: Valid as Foa nivosa Fraser & Randall 2011. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Palau, Marshall Islands and Fiji. Habitat: marine.

noordzieki, Apogon Bleeker [P.] 1859:336 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 19; ref. 368] Patjitan, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5601. •Synonym of Apogon kalosoma Bleeker 1852 -- (Gon 1995:8 [ref. 21822]). •Synonym of Lepidamia kalosoma (Bleeker 1852). Current status: Synonym of Lepidamia kalosoma (Bleeker 1852). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

norfolcensis, Apogon Ogilby [J. D.] 1888:990 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (Series 2) v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 14484] Norfolk Island. Syntypes: AMS I.1398-99 (1, 1). •Valid as Apogon norfolcensis Ogilby 1888 -- (Francis 1993:160 [ref. 25479], Allen et al. 2006:1092 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus norfolcensis (Ogilby 1888) -- (Randall 2005:207 [ref. 28239], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:87 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus norfolcensis (Ogilby 1888). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island (Australia), southern New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

notata, Apogon Day [F.] 1868:936 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 3) (art. 7); ref. 21114] Madras, India. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: BMNH 1867.11.6.2-4 (3), 1975.9.30.16 (1); ZSI 1899 (1, lost). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:159 [ref. 23762]. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. •Synonym of Archamia fucata (Cantor 1849) -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Synonym of Archamia bleekeri (Günther 1859) -- (Gon & Randall 2003:19 [ref. 27133], Fraser 2013:6 [ref. 32894], Fraser et al. 2022:180 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Archamia bleekeri (Günther 1859). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

notatus, Sparus Houttuyn [M.] 1782:320 [Verhandelingen der Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, Haarlem v. 20 (pt 2); ref. 2220] Japan. No types known. See Boeseman 1995:6 [ref. 21811]. •Valid as Apogon notatus (Houttuyn 1782) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:147 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:549 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:144 [ref. 15987], Lee & Kim 1996:63 [ref. 24706], Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:144 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:128 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:775 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Shinohara et al. 2000:178 [ref. 25987], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:775 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:320, 598 [ref. 26218], Yoshida et al. 2010:41 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:108 [ref. 31256]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus notatus (Houttuyn 1782) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2019:136 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:97 [ref. 36965], Kim et al. 2020:119 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:59 [ref. 37637], Wada et al. 2021:40 [ref. 38521]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus notatus (Houttuyn 1782). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: eastern Indonesia east to Solomon Islands, north to southern Korea and Amami Islands (southern Japan), south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Restricted to southern Japan [ref. 36965]. Habitat: marine.

notula, Neamia Fraser [T. H.] & Allen [G. R.] 2001:160, Fig. 1a [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 20 (pt 2); ref. 25214] Baie de la Petite Riviere, off Albion Fisheries Research Centre, Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 24 meters. Holotype: USNM 347045. Paratypes: USNM 347044 (1), 349188 (1). •Valid as Neamia notula Fraser & Allen 2001 -- (Randall 2005:201 [ref. 28239], Fraser & Allen 2006:4 [ref. 28906], Fraser 2010:153 [ref. 30912], Allen & Erdmann 2012:384 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:17 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:176 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Neamia notula Fraser & Allen 2001. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Bali (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

noumeae, Apogon Whitley [G. P.] 1958:33 [Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales v. for 1956-57; ref. 4728] Nouméa, New Caledonia. Holotype (unique): AMS IB.3844. •Valid as Apogon noumeae Whitley 1958 -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Valid as Ostorhinchus noumeae (Whitley 1958) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426]). •Synonym of Apogonichthyoides melas (Bleeker 1848) -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:158 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Synonym of Apogonichthyoides melas (Bleeker 1848). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

novaeguineae, Apogon Valenciennes [A.] 1832:53, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) v. 1; ref. 17863] New Guinea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8695. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:61 [ref. 12478]. Originally as Novae Guineae. •Valid as Apogon novaeguineae Valenciennes 1832 -- (Kailola 1971:118 [ref. 39475], Gon 1997:170 [ref. 23065] as novaeguinae, Gon & Allen 1998:6 [ref. 24416], Fraser 2000:254 [ref. 24412], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122]). •Valid as Jaydia novaeguineae (Valenciennes 1832) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33460], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:239 [ref. 34742], Yu et al. 2016:3 [ref. 34816], Fricke et al. 2018:169 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:75 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:169 [ref. 36965], Mohanty et al. 2020:1495 [ref. 37801], Psomadakis et al. 2020:405 [ref. 37272], Yu et al. 2021:974 [ref. 40905], Fraser et al. 2022:215 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia novaeguineae (Valenciennes 1832). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Kenya and Madagascar east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to southern China. Habitat: marine.

novaehollandiae, Apogon Valenciennes [A.] 1832:55, Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) v. 1; ref. 17863] Australia (probably New South Wales). Syntypes: BMNH 1861.3.8.3 (1), MNHN 0000-1436 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:61 [ref. 12478]. Originally as Novae Hollandiae, correction mandatory. •Valid as Vincentia novaehollandiae (Valenciennes 1832) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:559 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:154 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:568 [ref. 22532], Allen et al. 2006:1111 [ref. 29004], Allen & Gomon 2008:559 [ref. 30653], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:21 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Vincentia novaehollandiae (Valenciennes 1832). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: southern Queensland south to central New South Wales (Australia). Habitat: marine.

novaluna, Rhabdamia Yoshida [T.], Mabuchi [K.] & Motomura [H.] 2018:[2], Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Research v. 66 (no. 1); ref. 36254] Tokashiku Bay, Tokashiki-jima island, Kerama Islands, Okinawa, Japan, depth 5-7 meters. Holotype: KPM-NI 18695. Paratypes: AMS, BPBM, CAS, KAUM-I, KPM, URB, WAM. •Valid as Rhabdamia novaluna Yoshida, Mabuchi & Motomura 2018 -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:139 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Rhabdamia novaluna Yoshida, Mabuchi & Motomura 2018. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Japan, Marshall Islands, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Australia and Fiji. Habitat: marine.

novemfasciatus, Apogon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:154 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Timor; Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Syntypes: ?AMS I.7382 (1) Samoa; MNHN 0000-0853 (1) Guam, 0000-5646 (1) Timor; SMF 1264 [ex MNHN in 1830] (1) Timor. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:62 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Apogon novemfasciatus Cuvier 1828 -- (Yu & Chung 1975:4 [ref. 41103], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:147 [ref. 6441], Randall & Lachner 1986:110 [ref. 9722], Paxton et al. 1989:549 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:145 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:281 [ref. 24014], Allen 1997:108 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:144 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:145 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:128 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:771 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:214 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:771 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830], Fraser & Randall 2003:5 [ref. 26789], Myers & Donaldson 2003:623 [ref. 27495], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:28 [ref. 27712], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624] Allen et al. 2006:1092 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2010:41 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:109 [ref. 31256]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus novemfasciatus (Cuvier 1828) -- (Randall 2005:208 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2012:400 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:75 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Koeda et al. 2016:33 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2019:136 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:120 [ref. 36965], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 14 [ref. 38321] misidentified, Moazzam & Osmany 2023:62 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus novemfasciatus (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands and Indonesia east to Line Islands and Samoa, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

novemstriatus, Apogon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:85, Pl. 22 (fig. 1) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): lost. •Synonym of Cheilodipterus bipunctatus (Lachner 1951) -- (Dor 1984:116 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier 1828 -- (Gon 1993:49 [ref. 21133]). •Valid as Cheilodipterus novemstriatus (Rüppell 1838) -- (Gon 1993:35 [ref. 21133], Randall 1995:163 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:152 [ref. 23922], Gon & Randall 2003:32 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Goren et al. 2010:S49 [ref. 38764], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Irmak & Engin 2015:186 [ref. 33909], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:73 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Eagderi et al. 2019:36 [ref. 37020] as Cheliodipterus n., Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:64 [ref. 36965], Bariche & Fricke 2020:123 [ref. 37515], Golani 2021:45 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:66 [ref. 39014], Fraser et al. 2022:186 [ref. 39752], Gülşahin & Yapici in Langeneck et al. 2023:623 [ref. 40699]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus novemstriatus (Rüppell 1838). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Socotra (Yemen) east to Persian Gulf; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

nubilus, Apogon Garman [S.] 1903:229, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 39 (no. 8); ref. 15030] Suva, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. Holotype (unique): MCZ 28315. •Valid as Apogon nubilus Garman 1903 -- (Dor 1984:113 [ref. 29757], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:146 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:776 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:776 [ref. 26001]). •Synonym of Apogon guamensis Valenciennes 1832 -- (Gon 1986:550 [ref. 5657], Fraser et al. 1999:9 [ref. 24562], Gon & Randall 2003:16 [ref. 26750]). •Synonym of Ostorhinchus guamensis (Bleeker 1856) -- (Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:330 [ref. 28867]). •Synonym of Nectamia fusca (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Fraser 2008:15 [ref. 29471], Fricke et al. 2018:170 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:76 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Nectamia fusca (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

nudus, Apogonichthys Regan [C. T.] 1905:321, Pl. 3(C) (fig. 6) [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 16; ref. 15386] Karachi, Pakistan. Syntypes: BMNH 1904.5.25.104-112 (9). •Valid as Rhabdamia nuda (Regan 1905) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:201 [ref. 33426], Yoshida & Motomura 2018:178 [ref. 35776] as nudus, Fraser et al. 2022:207 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:64 [ref. 40689]). •Synonym of Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker 1856) -- (Yoshida et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 36254]). Current status: Synonym of Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker 1856). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

ocellata, Amia von Bonde [C.] 1923:14, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Report Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa Rep. 3 (art. 1); ref. 521] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, Pickle station 179, depth 27 fathoms. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Apogon pharaonis Bellotti 1874 -- (Gon 2000:9 [ref. 26650]). •Synonym of Apogonichthyoides pharaonis (Bellotti 1874) -- (Fraser et al. 2022:212 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Apogonichthyoides pharaonis (Bellotti 1874). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

ocellatus, Apogon Fourmanoir [P.] & Crosnier [A.] 1964:5, Fig. 3 [Cahiers O. R. S. T. O. M. (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer) Série Océanographie No. 6 (1963); ref. 5568] Ambatoloaka, Nosy Be [Nossi-Bé], Madagascar. Syntypes: MNHN 1973-0040 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:62 [ref. 12478]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Apogon ocellatus Weber 1913 and secondarily by Amia ocellata von Bonde 1923 (when in Apogon). •Synonym of Apogon guamensis Valenciennes 1832 -- (Fraser et al. 1999:9 [ref. 24562]). •Synonym of Nectamia fusca (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Fraser 2008:15 [ref. 29471], Fraser et al. 2022:218 [ref. 39752]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Nectamia fusca (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

ocellatus, Apogon Weber [M.] 1913:231 [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Sanguisape and Ubian, Sulu Archipelago; Kwandang Bay, northern Sulawesi; Nusa Laut; [Siboga stations 93, 99, 115, 234]. Syntypes: RMNH 10022 [ex ZMA] (1); ZMA 101255 (2), 101259 (1), 101273 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:86 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Apogon ocellatus Weber 1913 -- (Yu & Chung 1975:4 [ref. 41103]). •Valid as Apogonichthys ocellatus (Weber 1913) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:144 [ref. 6441], Gon 1986:553 [ref. 5657], Paxton et al. 1989:551 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:147 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Randall et al. 1997:147 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:130 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:231 [ref. 24106], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:756 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:12 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:756 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:195 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1098 [ref. 29004], Fricke et al. 2009:51 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:371 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:69 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Mabuchi et al. 2015:40 [ref. 34429], Koeda et al. 2016:32 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:165 [ref. 35805], Arndt & Fricke 2019:10 [ref. 36883], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:7 [ref. 36965], Dewa et al. 2022:17 [ref. 40001], Fraser et al. 2022:171 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthys ocellatus (Weber 1913). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

ocellicaudus, Apogon Allen [G. R.], Kuiter [R. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 1994:28, Fig. 1 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 21 (no. 1/2); ref. 21602] East Pass, Ashmore Reef, Timor Sea, about 12°10'S, 123°05'E, depth 20-25 meters. Holotype: WAM P.29049-025. Paratypes: AMS I.34552-001 (3); NCIP 6089-6108 (19); USNM 328634 (3); WAM P.29049-003 (7), 30513-001 (13). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:25 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon ocellicaudus Allen, Kuiter & Randall 1994 -- (Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Allen & Randall 2002:119 [ref. 26188], Allen & Adrim 2003:35 [ref. 26830]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus ocellicaudus (Allen, Kuiter & Randall 1994) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:401 [ref. 31980], Fraser 2012:82 [ref. 32177], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:98 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus ocellicaudus (Allen, Kuiter & Randall 1994). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Indonesia east to Fiji, south to northeastern Australia. Habitat: marine.

octolineata, Paramia Bleeker [P.] 1872:no p., Pl. 305 (fig. 2) [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises v. 7; ref. 4861] No locality, presumeably Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5617. Available from plate published in 1872 with name as above; corresponding text p. 105 appeared in 1876 where Bleeker placed octolineata in the synonymy of Paramia macrodon Bleeker. •Synonym of Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède 1802) -- (Gon 1993:30 [ref. 21133], T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000, Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède 1802). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

octospina, Neamia Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1912:441, Pl. 36 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 41 (no. 1868); ref. 3576] Rasa Island, Mantaguin Bay, Palawan [Southeast of Panakan, Narra Municipality, Palawan, Philippines, Sulu Sea, western Pacific]. Holotype (unique): USNM 70251. •Valid as Neamia octospina Smith & Radcliffe 1912 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:144 [ref. 6441], Gon 1986:556 [ref. 5657], Paxton et al. 1989:555 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:32 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:152 [ref. 15987], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Goren & Dor 1994:32 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:106 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:152 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:132 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:756 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Fraser & Allen 2001:163 [ref. 25214], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:756 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:38 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Randall 2005:201 [ref. 28239], Fraser & Allen 2006:4 [ref. 28906], Allen et al. 2006:1105 [ref. 29004], Fraser 2010:153 [ref. 30912], Yoshida et al. 2010:54 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:112 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:384 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:72 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:40 [ref. 34429], Golani & Fricke 2018:75 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:16 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:176 [ref. 39752], Onishi & Yoshida 2024:62 [ref. 40825]). Current status: Valid as Neamia octospina Smith & Radcliffe 1912. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Tanzania, Mozambique), Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Chagos Archipelago east to New Guinea, north to Wakayama Prefecture (Japan), south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

octovittatus, Cheilodipterus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:163 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-9143 (skin). Possible types: MNHN 0000-9145 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:64 [ref. 12478]. Replacement name for Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède 1801. •Synonym of Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède 1801 -- (Dor 1984:117 [ref. 29757], Fricke 1999:232 [ref. 24106]). •Synonym of Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède 1802) -- (Gon 1993:30 [ref. 21133]). •Valid as Cheilodipterus octovittatus Cuvier 1828 -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000, Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus octovittatus Cuvier 1828. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

omanensis, Apogon (Lepidamia) Gon [O.] & Mee [J. K. L.] in Gon 1995:16, Figs. 6-7 [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 41; ref. 21822] Near Shinzi, Masirah Island, Oman, depth to .2 meters. Holotype: MCZ 90662. Paratypes: BMNH 1994.10.4.1 [ex BPBM 36129] (1); BPBM 36087 (1), 36108 (1), 36118 (1), 36157 (1); CAS 81723-24 (1, 1); HUJ 17763 (1); MNHN 1994-0768 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 44733-34 (1, 1); USNM 221830 (1). •Valid as Apogon omanensis Gon & Mee 1995 -- (Randall 1995:159 [ref. 22896], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Lepidamia omanensis (Gon & Mee 1995) -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:80 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:193 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Lepidamia omanensis (Gon & Mee 1995). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: southern Oman endemic. Habitat: marine.

opercularis, Apogon Macleay [W.] 1878:347, Pl. 7 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 17573] Port Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Lectotype: AMS I.16309-001[ex MAMU F406]. Paralectotypes: AMS I.16309-003 [ex AMS I.16309-001] (17); I.16309-002 (2, not this species) . Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:206 [ref. 19518]. Lectotype selected by Fraser & Allen 2010:54 [ref. 30717]. •Valid as Apogon opercularis Macleay 1878 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:549 [ref. 12442], Larson & Williams 1997:357 [ref. 23967], Randall & Fraser 1999:631 [ref. 24563], Fraser 2006:140 [ref. 28665], Allen et al. 2006:1093 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides opercularis (Macleay 1878) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:53 [ref. 30717], Fraser & Allen 2011:67 [ref. 31605], Larson et al. 2013:108 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:164 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides opercularis (Macleay 1878). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: Western Australia, Northern Territory and Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

orbicularis, Apogon Cuvier [G.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:155 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 49 (largest of 2). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:94 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Sphaeramia orbicularis (Cuvier 1828) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:150 [ref. 6441], Gon 1986:557 [ref. 5657], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:517 [ref. 25598], Allen 1993:16 [ref. 20779], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:282 [ref. 24014], Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:133 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2610 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:752 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:102 [ref. 25868], Sakai et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:752 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:41 [ref. 26750], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:71 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:214 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2012:416 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:114 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:79 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:203 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34429], Koeda et al. 2016:35 [ref. 35333], Golani & Fricke 2018:79 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:139 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:180 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:220 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:74 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Sphaeramia orbicularis (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles and Sri Lanka east to Caroline Islands (Micronesia), Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), Fiji and Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

ovalis, Siphamia Lachner [E. A.] 1953:427, Fig. 74 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202 (v. 1); ref. 17482] Mindoro Sea, Philippines, 6°08'45"N, 121°03'E, Albatross station D5140. Holotype: USNM 112044. Paratypes: USNM 112100-01 (2, 3). •Valid as Siphamia ovalis Lachner 1953 -- (Allen 1999:2608 [ref. 24812]). •Synonym of Siphamia tubifer Weber 1909 -- (Gon & Allen 2012:72 [ref. 31960]). Current status: Synonym of Siphamia tubifer Weber 1909. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

oxina, Apogon Fraser [T. H.] 1999:41, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 112 (no. 1); ref. 23767] Madras, India, depth 15-22 meters. Holotype: CAS 33959. Paratypes: CAS 98101 (7); USNM 213345 (? not given), 213364 (55). •Valid as Apogon oxina Fraser 1999 -- (Fraser et al. 2002:179 [ref. 26401]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus oxina (Fraser 1999) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:124 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:201 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus oxina (Fraser 1999). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Oman and Maldives east to India and Sri Lanka. Habitat: marine.

oxygrammus, Apogon Allen [G. R.] 2001:147, Fig. 4 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 25670] South side of Pef Island, 0°17.030'S, 130°26.444'E, off western end of Gam Island, Raja Ampat Islands, Irian Jaya Province, Indonesia. Holotype: NCIP 6190. Paratypes: WAM 31780-001 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:25 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon oxygrammus Allen 2001 -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus oxygrammus (Allen 2001) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:401 [ref. 31980], Fraser 2012:82 [ref. 32177], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:123 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus oxygrammus (Allen 2001). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: West Papua (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

pacificus, Mionorus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1935:403 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 18 (no. 12); ref. 2109] Tagus Cove, Isabela Island [Albemarle Island], Galápagos Islands, 10 meters or more. Holotype: FMNH 17311. Paratypes: FMNH 17312 (1, in 2 pieces), CAS-SU 24421 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:72 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:57 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Apogon pacificus (Herre 1935) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:123 [ref. 22193] as pacifici, De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:54 [ref. 24545] as pacifici, Grove & Lavenberg 1997:348 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:336 [ref. 24555] as pacifici, Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:122 [ref. 25206], Thomson et al. 2000:112 [ref. 25640], Richards & Engle 2001:176 [ref. 25759], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:114 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:191 [ref. 30957] as pacifici, Page et al. 2013:143 [ref. 32708], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34871], Kells et al. 2016:228 [ref. 35888], Piñeros et al. 2018:234 [ref. 36377], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:29 [ref. 36965], Love et al. 2021:151 [ref. 39279], Lea et al. 2022:111 [ref. 39165], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apogon pacificus (Herre 1935). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to northern Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

pallida, Archamia Gon [O.] & Randall [J. E.] 1995:540, Fig. 1 [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 41; ref. 22803] Eastern side of Masirah Island, Oman, depth 12 meters. Holotype: BPBM 36158. Paratypes: BMNH 1994.10.4.2 (1), BPBM 36453 (2), HUJ 17824 (1), SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 46949 (1), USNM 331831 (1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:27 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Archamia pallida Gon & Randall 1995 -- (Randall 1995:162 [ref. 22896], Randall & Satapoomin 1999:1 [ref. 24151], Gon & Randall 2003:42 [ref. 27133], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Gon et al. 2013:590 [ref. 32421]). •Valid as Taeniamia pallida (Gon & Randall 1995) -- (Fraser 2013:22 [ref. 32894], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:51 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:183 [ref. 39752], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:52 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Taeniamia pallida (Gon & Randall 1995). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Kenya; Oman; Pakistan. Habitat: marine.

pallidofasciatus, Apogon Allen [G. R.] 1987:3, Fig. 1 [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 13387] Tantabiddi Creek, 21°54'S, 114°00'E, North West Cape, Western Australia, depth 3-4 meters. Holotype: WAM P.28985-001. Paratypes: AMS I.26316-001 (1); BPBM 30940 (4); WAM P.25114-004 (1), P.25117-009 (1), P.27274-046 (5). Type information: Hutchins & Smith 1991:24 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:25 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Apogon pallidofasciatus Allen 1987 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:66 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:549 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:102 [ref. 23977], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1093 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus pallidofasciatus (Allen 1987) -- (Larson et al. 2013:113 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:117 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus pallidofasciatus (Allen 1987). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: northern Western Australia to Northern Territory (Australia). Habitat: marine.

pallidus, Ostorhinchus Allen [G. R.] & Erdmann [M. V.] 2017:34, Figs. 1-3, 5A [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 23 (no. 1); ref. 35104] Star Harbour, southeastern end of Makira Island, Solomon Islands, 10°47.308'S, 162°16.112'E, depth 30 meters. Holotype: WAM P.32546-001. Paratypes: USNM, WAM. •Valid as Ostorhinchus pallidus Allen & Erdmann 2017 -- (Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:98 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus pallidus Allen & Erdmann 2017. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Guadalcanal and Makira (Solomon Islands). Habitat: marine.

papuensis, Siphamia Gon [O.], Allen [G. R.], Erdmann [M. V.] & Gouws [G.] 2014:329, Figs. 1a-d [Zootaxa 3881 (no. 4); ref. 33558] West Papua Province, Raja Ampat Islands, SE Misool, Pulau Balbal (2°14.206ʹS, 130°30.673ʹE), Indonesia, depth 66 meters. Holotype: MZB 22100. Paratypes: AMS, BMNH 2014.7.21.1 (1), NSMT-P, ROM, SAIAB, WAM, USNM •Valid as Siphamia papuensis Gon, Allen, Erdmann & Gouws 2014 -- (Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:152 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia papuensis Gon, Allen, Erdmann & Gouws 2014. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: West Papua (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

parazonatus, Cheilodipterus Gon [O.] 1993:37, Pl. 5 (fig. C); Fig. 15 [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 22; ref. 21133] Lagoon of Kranket Island, Madang, Papua New Guinea, depth 2-3 meters. Holotype: BPBM 15772. Paratypes: AMS I.17539-001 (4), I.17542-001 (4), I.19108-065 (1), I.22141-001 (1); ANSP 123357 (2), 123358 (1); BPBM 35434 (1); USNM 289851 (5); WAM P.24717-001 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:26 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Cheilodipterus parazonatus Gon 1993 -- (Allen 1997:106 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:150 [ref. 25919], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Allen et al. 2006:1101 [ref. 29004], Allen & Erdmann 2012:377 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:70 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Fricke et al. 2019:131 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:65 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus parazonatus Gon 1993. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), south to Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia) and Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

parri, Apogon Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1936:18, Fig. 7 [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 2 (art. 3); ref. 634] Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Holotype: YPM 1239 [= BOC 682]. Paratypes: YPM 1240 (4). Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:7 [ref. 16741]. •Synonym of Apogon pacificus (Herre 1935) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:123 [ref. 22193] as pacifici, Grove & Lavenberg 1997:348 [ref. 24023] [but see McCosker 1998:810 [ref. 24025]], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:336 [ref. 24555] as pacifici). •Valid as Apogon parri Breder 1936 -- (De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:54 [ref. 24545]). Current status: Synonym of Apogon pacificus (Herre 1935). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

parvula, Amia Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1912:432, Pl. 34 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 41 (no. 1868); ref. 3576] Tataan Pass, Tawi Tawi Group, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 70244. Paratypes: (many). •Valid as Apogon parvulus (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:145 [ref. 6441], Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Fraser 1998:989 [ref. 23602], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:759 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:100 [ref. 25868], Nakabo 2002:759 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Yoshida et al. 2010:42 [ref. 31255], Motomura et al. 2010:109 [ref. 31256]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus parvulus (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:401 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:100 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus parvulus (Smith & Radcliffe 1912). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines, north to Taiwan and Yaeyama Islands. Habitat: marine.

pellucidus, Pseudamiops Smith [J. L. B.] 1954:785, Fig. 2; Pl. 13 (figs. A-C) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 7 (no. 82) (art. 97); ref. 4093] Near Malindi, 3°50'S, Kenya, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 343. Paratypes: (12) SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 787-791 (1, 1, 4, 2, 1), 1082 (1 c&s). •Valid as Pseudamiops pellucidus Smith 1954 -- (Gon 1986:561 [ref. 5657], Randall 2001:63 [ref. 25215], Gon et al. 2013:98 [ref. 32864], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2018:174 [ref. 35805], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:77 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:190 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Pseudamiops pellucidus Smith 1954. Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya) east to Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes). Habitat: marine.

percaeformis, Amia Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:173 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] East Indies. No types known. Based on a drawing. •Status uncertain -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). Apogonidae: Apogoninae.

perdix, Apogonichthys Bleeker [P.] 1854:321 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 343] Larantoeka, Flores [Larantuka, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia, Selat Flores/Flores Strait, Flores Sea, eastern Indian Ocean]. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5616 (largest of 2). •Valid as Apogonichthys perdix Bleeker 1854 -- (Dor 1984:115 [ref. 29757], Gon 1986:554 [ref. 5657], Paxton et al. 1989:551 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:30 [ref. 13251], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:281 [ref. 24014], Goren & Dor 1994:31 [ref. 25356], Randall 1998:35 [ref. 23433], Myers 1999:130 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Gon & Randall 2003:27 [ref. 26750], Myers & Donaldson 2003:624 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:196 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:356 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1098 [ref. 29004], Randall 2007:213 [ref. 30952], Shao et al. 2008:250 [ref. 29952], Allen & Erdmann 2012:372 [ref. 31980], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Mabuchi et al. 2015:40 [ref. 34429], Fricke et al. 2018:166 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:73 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:6 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:172 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthys perdix Bleeker 1854. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Chagos Archipelago east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Rotuma (Fiji), and Rapa (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

perlitus, Apogon Fraser [T. H.] & Lachner [E. A.] 1985:38, Fig. 15 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 412; ref. 5215] Kayangel Lagoon, Palau Island, Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Holotype: BPBM 15476. Paratypes: AMS I.17267-001 (5); BMNH 1974.6.24.5-6 (2); BPBM 10545 (22), 15477 (13); CAS 30740 [ex GVF 1974] (5), 30745 [ex GVF 1414] (1); RMNH 27056 (2); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 3393 (5); USNM 177850 (now 308), 183748 (1), 210439 (7), 211850-51 (2, 14), 213052 (18), 213449 (4), 213450 [ex USNM 177850] (3, 1 c&s). •Valid as Apogon perlitus Fraser & Lachner 1985 -- (Allen 1997:110 [ref. 23977], Fraser 1998:990 [ref. 23602], Myers 1999:130 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2006:1093 [ref. 29004]). •Valid as Zoramia perlita (Fraser & Lachner 1985) -- (Greenfield et al. 2005 [ref. 28488], Allen & Erdmann 2012:418 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2019:141 [ref. 36673], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:185 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Zoramia perlita (Fraser & Lachner 1985). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Andaman Sea east to Palau and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea). Habitat: marine.

permutata, Siphamia Klausewitz [W.] 1966:217, Figs. 1-3 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 47 (no. 3); ref. 9041] Coastal reef near the Marine Biological Station, Hurghada, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Holotype: SMF 8265. Paratypes: SMF 8266 (1), 8267-70 (4). •Synonym of Siphamia tubifer Weber 1909 -- (Gon & Allen 2012:72 [ref. 31960], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Golani & Fricke 2018:78 [ref. 36273], Fraser et al. 2022:209 [ref. 39752]). •Valid as Siphamia permutata Klausewitz 1966 -- (Dor 1984:119 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:32 [ref. 25356], Gon & Randall 2003:40 [ref. 26750], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:64 [ref. 35264], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:152 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Siphamia permutata Klausewitz 1966. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

persicus, Cheilodipterus Gon [O.] 1993:41, Pls. 3 (A), 5 (D); Fig. 16 [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 22; ref. 21133] Patch reef, 4 miles east of Sidra Island, Bahrain, Persian Gulf, depth 2-3 meters. Holotype: BPBM 34755. Paratypes: BPBM 21256 (3), 29505 (3); SMF 19803 (4); USNM 147942 (8); WAM P.25979-001 (3), P.26463.005 (1). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:26 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Cheilodipterus persicus Gon 1993 -- (Randall 1995:163 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:152 [ref. 23922], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Eagderi et al. 2019:36 [ref. 37020], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:61 [ref. 36965], Zajonz et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36871], Fraser et al. 2022:186 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Cheilodipterus persicus Gon 1993. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Socotra (Yemen); Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

pharaonis, Apogon Bellotti [C.] 1874:264 [Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali di Milano v. 17 (fasc. 3); ref. 16777] Suez, Gulf of Suez, Egypt, Red Sea. Holotype: MSNM (destroyed in 1943). Type catalog: Conci & Michelangeli 1974:219 [ref. 21560]. •Synonym of Apogon nigripinnis Cuvier 1828 -- (Dor 1984:113 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Apogon pharaonis Bellotti 1874 -- (Gon 2000:9 [ref. 26650], Gon & Randall 2003:20 [ref. 26750], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Fricke et al. 2007:82 [ref. 29533], Zenetos et al. 2010:411 [ref. 31201], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:68 [ref. 35264]). •Valid as Apogonichthyoides pharaonis (Bellotti 1874) -- (Fraser & Allen 2010:44 [ref. 30717], Fraser & Allen 2011:68 [ref. 31605], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Irmak & Engin 2015:186 [ref. 33909], Psomadakis et al. 2015:207 [ref. 34104], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:72 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:35 [ref. 37020], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:159 [ref. 36965], Bariche & Fricke 2020:121 [ref. 37515], Al Mabruk et al. 2021:114 [ref. 38201], Golani 2021:44 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:66 [ref. 39014], Fraser et al. 2022:212 [ref. 39752], Karakuş et al. 2023:291 [ref. 40724], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:67 [ref. 40689]). Current status: Valid as Apogonichthyoides pharaonis (Bellotti 1874). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to India; eastern Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

phasma, Pseudamiops Randall [J. E.] 2001:61, Fig. 5 [Pacific Science v. 55 (no. 1); ref. 25215] Nuku Hiva, Taiohae Bay, eastern side at head of bay, Marquesas Islands, depth 2.5 meters. Holotype: BPBM 12651. Paratypes: USNM 359802 (1). •Valid as Pseudamiops phasma Randall 2001 -- (Randall 2005:212 [ref. 28239], Gon et al. 2013:98 [ref. 32864], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:78 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Pseudamiops phasma Randall 2001. Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Southern-central Pacific: Marquesas Islands. Habitat: marine.

phasmaticus, Lachneratus Fraser [T. H.] & Struhsaker [P. J.] 1991:719, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 1991 (no. 3); ref. 19768] Kona coast at cave on north side of Ka'u Loa Point, 20-30 meters back from entrance, Hawaii Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: BPBM 29189. Paratypes: AMS I.24709-001 [ex BPBM 29190] (1); BMNH 1985.1.8.2 (1); BPBM 29190 (7); CAS 29109 (1); MNHN 1985-0004 (1); RMNH 29441 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 22043 (1); USNM 268198 (3), 272645 (1). •Valid as Lachneratus phasmaticus Fraser & Struhsaker 1991 -- (Randall 1998:37 [ref. 23433], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Mundy 2005:357 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:214 [ref. 30952], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:78 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:189 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Lachneratus phasmaticus Fraser & Struhsaker 1991. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Comoros, Mascarenes (Mauritius); Vanuatu, Fiji, Marquesas Islands; Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.); probably more widespread. Habitat: marine.

phenax, Apogon Böhlke [J. E.] & Randall [J. E.] 1968:192, Figs. 2d, 5 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 120 (no. 4); ref. 7874] About 1/4 mile north of center of Green Cay, Nassau vicinity, Great Bahama Bank, Bahamas, depth 50 feet. Holotype: ANSP 111766. Paratypes: ANSP 106910 (1), 106912-6 (3, 1, 2, 1, 4), 111767-9 (17, 1, 2), 111770-2 (1, 1, 7); UF 12335-37 (3), 206192 [ex UMML 6192] (1), 206714 [ex UMML 6714] (1), 210777 [ex UMML 10777] (1), 218972 [ex UMML 18972] (1); UPRM uncat. [ex UPRM 1120] (1), 1119 (2), 1121 (7), 1123 (1), 1434 (1), 1440 (1). Type information: Gilbert 1974:114 [ref. 21035], Böhlke 1984:20 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Apogon phenax Böhlke & Randall 1968 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:150 [ref. 23100], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Collette et al. 2003:108 [ref. 26784], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Smith et al. 2003:28 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], Baldwin et al. 2011:12 [ref. 31688], Page et al. 2013:143 [ref. 32708], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:27 [ref. 36965], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apogon phenax Böhlke & Randall 1968. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) and Bahamas south to Brazil, including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

philippinus, Henicichthys Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1939:200 [Copeia 1939 (no. 4); ref. 10998] Tidepool at Nasugbu, Batangas Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype: CAS-SU 34379 [CAS 134379]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 34380-81 (3, 4); USNM 15164 [ex CAS-SU 34380] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:72 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Gymnapogon philippinus (Herre 1939) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:150 [ref. 6441], Myers 1999:133 [ref. 23965], Allen 1999:2607 [ref. 24812], Nakabo 2000:777 [ref. 25086], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:614 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:101 [ref. 25868], Nakabo 2002:777 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:36 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2004:14 [ref. 27624], Allen et al. 2006:1104 [ref. 29004], Yoshida et al. 2011:123 [ref. 32402], Allen & Erdmann 2012:381 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:72 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34429], Fraser 2016:431 [ref. 34421], Fraser 2019:96 [ref. 36720], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:74 [ref. 36965], Yoshida et al. 2019:96 [ref. 36901]). Current status: Valid as Gymnapogon philippinus (Herre 1939). Apogonidae: Pseudamiinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia and Philippines north to Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

photogaster, Apogon (Jaydia) Gon [O.] & Allen [G. R.] 1998:3, Figs. 1-2 [The J.L.B Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication No. 62; ref. 24416] Padoz Reef, Madang Lagoon, 5°10'S, 145°49'E, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific, depth 18-23 meters. Holotype: WAM P.31213-057. Paratypes: BPBM 38301 (1); MNHN 1998-391 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 57596-97 (1, 1); USNM 348213 (1); WAM P.30358-001 (1 c&s), 31213-001 (3), 31394-001 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:25 [ref. 30117]. •Appears to be a synonym of Apogon argyrogaster Weber 1909 -- (Fraser 2000:253 [ref. 24412], Fraser pers. comm. 3/2008). •Valid as Jaydia photogaster (Gon & Allen 1998) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:383 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:72 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Gon et al. 2015:288 [ref. 33858], Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:239 [ref. 34742], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:170 [ref. 36965]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia photogaster (Gon & Allen 1998). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Indonesia east to Papua New Guinea, north to Philippines. Habitat: marine.

pigmentarius, Monoprion Poey [F.] 1860:123 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Holotype: MCZ 9753. Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:188 [ref. 22926]. •Valid as Apogon pigmentarius (Poey 1860) -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:320 [ref. 14275]). •Valid as Phaeoptyx pigmentaria (Poey 1860) -- (Fraser & Robins 1970:305 [ref. 1485], Gilbert 1977:31 [ref. 21333], Robins & Ray 1986:153 [ref. 23100], Maugé 1990:715 [ref. 17126], Boschung 1992:127 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:28 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:227 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Gon 2003:1391 [ref. 27085], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:30 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:139 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:233 [ref. 28815], Wirtz et al. 2007:11, 31 [ref. 30263], Baldwin et al. 2009:6 [ref. 30053], Page et al. 2013:143 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:46 [ref. 33341], Mabuchi et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33426], Wirtz et al. 2014:6 [ref. 33516], Pinheiro et al. 2015:16 [ref. 34324], Gon in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2428 [ref. 34618], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:43 [ref. 36965], Reiner 2019:182 [ref. 38139] as Phaetoptix pigmentaria, Guabiroba et al. 2020:703 [ref. 37571], Robertson et al. 2020:151 [ref. 38098], Carvalho-Filho in Marceniuk et al. 2021:217 [ref. 38945], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:80 [ref. 38844], Fermon et al. 2022:220 [ref. 39448], Carvalho-Filho 2023:131 [ref. 40480], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:111 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Phaeoptyx pigmentaria (Poey 1860). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: eastern Florida (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Trindade Island (Brazil); southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island; eastern Atlantic: Ivory Coast to Equatorial Guinea, including São Tomé and Principe. IUCN (2015): Least concern. Habitat: marine.

pillionatus, Apogon Böhlke [J. E.] & Randall [J. E.] 1968:189, Figs. 2c, 4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 120 (no. 4); ref. 7874] Bay on north side of Cabagua Island, Margarita Island, Venezuela, depth 18 feet. Holotype: ANSP 111761. Paratypes: ANSP 111760 (2), 111762-65 (2, 1, 7, 1); UF 13539 (1), 13583 (1), 13771 (1) 13830 (3), 14268 (2), 207725 [ex UMML 7725] (2), 218823 [ex UMML 18823] (1), 223994-95 [ex UMML 23994-95] (1, 2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1974:114 [ref. 21035], Böhlke 1984:20 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Apogon pillionatus Böhlke & Randall 1968 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:150 [ref. 23100], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Smith et al. 2003:28 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], Baldwin et al. 2011:8 [ref. 31688], Page et al. 2013:143 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:45 [ref. 33341], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:25 [ref. 36965], Robertson et al. 2020:150 [ref. 38098], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apogon pillionatus Böhlke & Randall 1968. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) and Bahamas south to Venezuela, including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

planifrons, Apogon Longley [W. H.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1940:232, Fig. 5 [Papers Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington v. 32; ref. 2822] Tortugas, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 107326. Paratypes: USNM 108887 (1). •Valid as Apogon planifrons Longley & Hildebrand 1940 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:151 [ref. 23100], Guimarães 1996:61 [ref. 22514], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:225 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:158 [ref. 27754], Fraser & Randall 2002:26 [ref. 25969], Collette et al. 2003:108 [ref. 26784], Gon 2003:1390 [ref. 27085], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:28 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:225 [ref. 28815], Baldwin et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31688], Page et al. 2013:143 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:45 [ref. 33341], Mabuchi et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33426], Lins Oliveira et al. 2015:157 [ref. 37485], Pinheiro et al. 2015:16 [ref. 34324], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:26 [ref. 36965], Robertson et al. 2020:150 [ref. 38098], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:72 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:130 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apogon planifrons Longley & Hildebrand 1940. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda and North Carolina (U.S.A.) south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

pleuron, Apogon Fraser [T. H.] 2005:6, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa No. 924; ref. 28138] Tanguinqui Island, Visayan Sea, Philippines, 11°28'42"N, 123°45'45"E, depth 69 meters. Holotype: USNM 357488. Paratypes: AMS I.16749-011 (3); ASIZP 60404 (1); CAS 85962 (2); ROM 73645 (1); USNM 268253 (1), 332331 (1), 349175 (2).357487 (6). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:44 [ref. 31432]. •Valid as Apogon pleuron Fraser 2005 -- (Ho & Shao 2011:44 [ref. 31432], Yoshida et al. 2013:107 [ref. 34464]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus pleuron (Fraser 2005) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:402 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:76 [ref. 33932], Mabuchi et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33426], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2015:40 [ref. 34319], Motomura et al. 2017:100 [ref. 35490], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2018:117 [ref. 36460], Psomadakis et al. 2020:409 [ref. 37272], Fraser et al. 2022:201 [ref. 39752], Vilasri et al. 2023:80 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Ostorhinchus pleuron (Fraser 2005). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: southern India, Myanmar, Malaysia and Indonesia east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to northern Vietnam Habitat: marine.

poecilopterus, Apogon Cuvier [G.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:154 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 214. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:94 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Apogonichthys poecilopterus Cuvier 1828 -- (Mishra & Krishnan 2003:29 [ref. 27712] with authorship as Kulhl and van Hasselt). •Valid as Apogon poecilopterus Cuvier 1828 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:68 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:550 [ref. 12442], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:222 [ref. 24016], Gon 1997:172 [ref. 23065], Allen 1997:104 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:357 [ref. 23967], Allen 1999:2606 [ref. 24812], Johnson 1999:732 [ref. 25471], Fraser 2000:252 [ref. 24412], Allen in Randall & Lim 2000:613 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Hayashi 2004:46 [ref. 27898], Allen et al. 2006:1093 [ref. 29004], Shibukawa 2009:107 [ref. 30449], Yoshida et al. 2013:108 [ref. 34464]). •Valid as Jaydia poecilopterus (Cuvier 1828) -- (Larson et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32988], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Motomura et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35490]). •Valid as Ostorhinchus poecilopterus (Cuvier 1828) -- (Fricke et al. 2014:76 [ref. 33932]). •Valid as Jaydia poeciloptera (Cuvier 1829) -- (Gon et al. 2015:291 [ref. 33858] as poecilopterus, Fraser & Prokofiev 2016:229 [ref. 34742], Shibukawa in Kimura et al. 2018:115 [ref. 36460], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:165 [ref. 36965], Psomadakis et al. 2020:405 [ref. 37272], Yu et al. 2021:974 [ref. 40905]). Current status: Valid as Jaydia poeciloptera (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India and Myanmar east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

polyacanthus, Cheilodipterus Vaillant [L. L.] 1877:29 [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (6th Série) v. 12 [1875]; ref. 17849] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-4096. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:65 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Coranthus polyacanthus (Vaillant 1877) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:145 [ref. 6441], Fricke 1999:234 [ref. 24106], Nakabo 2000:752 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:752 [ref. 26001], Shinohara et al. 2005:432 [ref. 28370], Fricke et al. 2009:52 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1200 [ref. 31980]). •Valid as Amioides polyacanthus (Vaillant 1877) -- (Fraser 2013:26 [ref. 32555], Mabuchi et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33426], Mabuchi et al. 2015:39 [ref. 34429], Motomura et al. 2017:96 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:164 [ref. 35805], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:4 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:170 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Amioides polyacanthus (Vaillant 1877). Apogonidae: Amioidinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to Vanuatu. Habitat: marine.

polylepis, Apogon Regan [C. T.] 1919:197, Fig. 1 [Annals of the Durban Museum v. 2 (pt 4) (art. 18); ref. 15230] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Karachi, Pakistan. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.11.18.7 (1), 1919.4.1.11 (1). •Synonym of Apogon natalensis Gilchrist & Thompson 1908 -- (Gon 1995:13 [ref. 21822]). •Synonym of Lepidamia natalensis (Gilchrist & Thompson 1908) -- (Fraser et al. 2022:192 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidamia natalensis (Gilchrist & Thompson 1908). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.