Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Chaetodontidae: [ 330 ] records

abhortani, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:58 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-9671. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:117 [ref. 20718]. •Synonym of Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Burgess 1978:673 [ref. 700], Fricke 1999:334 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

aculeatus, Chelmon Poey [F.] 1860:202 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes or one is holotype: MCZ 162353 (1), USNM 4716 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:204-205 [ref. 22926] with MCZ 16253 as holotype; USNM lists USNM 4716 as holotype. Published July 1860. •Valid as Chaetodon aculeatus (Poey 1860) -- (Burgess 1978:318 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Robins & Ray 1986:192 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1993:331 [ref. 24474], Andreata & Séret 1996:587 [ref. 16204], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:274 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:163 [ref. 27754], Robertson et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34961]). •Valid as Prognathodes aculeatus (Poey 1860) -- (Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Burgess 2001:62 [ref. 25030], Collette et al. 2003:111 [ref. 26784], Burgess 2003:1670 [ref. 27101], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Smith et al. 2003:39 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:149 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:468 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:60 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:112 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:162 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes aculeatus (Poey 1860). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

acuminatus, Chaetodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:272 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Indies. Holotype (unique): NRM LP 53. Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:250-251, Fig. 1 [ref. 20707]. First reviser selecting macrolepidotus over acuminatus apparently Cuvier 1816:335 [ref. 993], see also ICZN Opinion 40. •Included in the synonymy of Heniochus diphreutes Jordan 1903 -- (Dor 1984:177 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Heniochus macrolepidotus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:365 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Burgess 1978:223 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Kyushin et al. 1982:150 [ref. 19754], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:186 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:631 [ref. 5660], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:233 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:225 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Randall 1995:253 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:409 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:363 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:194 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:116 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:224 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:233 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:168 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:342 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:740 [ref. 25471], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:885 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:302 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:174 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Sakai et al. 2001:102 [ref. 25693], Shimizu 2001:32 [ref. 25799], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3262 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:885 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:352, 624 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:326 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1299 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:290 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:74 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:190 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:138 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:538 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:165 [ref. 34464], Parin et al. 2014:376 [ref. 33547], Jawad et al. 2014:124 [ref. 34075], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:291 [ref. 34104], Koeda et al. 2016:58 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:168 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:335 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:240 [ref. 35805], Arndt & Fricke 2019:14 [ref. 36883], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:150 [ref. 40104], Eagderi et al. 2019:54 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:191 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:84 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 22 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:141 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:512 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:78 [ref. 37637], Durville et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38802], Gus'kov et al. 2022:72 [ref. 39564], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:231 [ref. 41223], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:465 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:572 [ref. 40796]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus 1758). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Aliwal Shoal and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania), Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan), south to New South Wales (Australia) and Lord Howe Island (Australia). Introduced in northern Black Sea. Habitat: marine.

adiergastos, Chaetodon Seale [A.] 1910:116, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [The Philippine Journal of Science, Section D v. 5 (no. 2); ref. 14595] Bantayan Island, Philippines. Holotype: BSMP 5800 (apparently destroyed). Paratypes: BSMP 5791 (1, apparently destroyed). •Valid as Chaetodon adiergastos Seale 1910 -- (Burgess 1978:546 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:184 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:96 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Larson & Williams 1997:362 [ref. 23967], Allen 1997:148 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:118 [ref. 26476] dated 1810, Kuiter 1997:216 [ref. 25488], Myers 1999:163 [ref. 23965], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:895 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:105 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:264 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3234 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:895 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Allen et al. 2006:1288 [ref. 29090], Hobbs et al. 2007:108 [ref. 29249], Hobbs et al. 2008:8 [ref. 39350], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:518 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32988], Nakae in Kimura et al. 2018:207 [ref. 36460], Koeda in Motomura et al. 2021:38 [ref. 38121], Higuchi & Yagishita 2022:41 [ref. 39154], Allen & Erdmann 2024:551 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon adiergastos Seale 1910. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Australia), Malaysia and Indonesia east to Philippines and Palau, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan) and Nagasaki (Japan), south to Western Australia. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

afer, Chatodon Desjardins [J.] 1837:39 [Rapport Annuel sur les travaux de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Ile Maurice No. 8; ref. 20928] Red Sea. No types known. Genus should have been Chaetodon. For comments on authorship see Monod 1976:21 [ref. 30339]. •In the synonymy of Chaetodon melapterus Guichenot 1863 -- (R. Fricke, pers. comm., June 2020). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon melapterus Guichenot 1863. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

albipinnis, Chaetodon striatus var. Ahl [E.] 1923:91 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] South Atlantic. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1216. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:97 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Burgess 1978:662 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

allonge, Chaetodon Montrouzier [X.] 1857:444 [166] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] On p. 166 of reprint. Appeared as allongé. Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing in synonymy; Woodlark I., South Pacific. Nomen Nudum. Chaetodontidae.

altipinnis, Chaetodon Cadenat [J.] 1951:239, Fig. 174 [Initiations Africaines. III. Poissons de mer du Sénégal; ref. 12676] Senegal. Syntypes: MNHN 1960-0180 to 0183 (1, 1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:117 [ref. 20718]. •Valid as Chaetodon altipinnis Cadenat 1951 -- (Burgess 1978:323 [ref. 700]). •Synonym of Prognathodes marcellae (Poll 1950) -- (Maugé 1990:839 [ref. 17126], Bailly in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2673 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Prognathodes marcellae (Poll 1950). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

altivelis, Coradion McCulloch [A. R.] 1916:191, Pl. 56 (fig. 1) [Biological Results Endeavour v. 4 (pt 4); ref. 4934] Wide Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: AMS E.1506. Paratypes: AMS I.10963 (1). •Valid as Coradion altivelis McCulloch 1916 -- (Burgess 1978:155 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Kyushin et al. 1982:152 [ref. 19754], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:186 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:231 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:219 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:154 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:208 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:231 [ref. 25919], Johnson 1999:740 [ref. 25471], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:887 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:300 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:174 [ref. 25480], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3258 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:887 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Randall 2005:323 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1297 [ref. 29090], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:535 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:102 [ref. 33932], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:231 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:569 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Coradion altivelis McCulloch 1916. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Andaman Sea east to Vanuatu, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

amplecticollis, Sarothrodus Poey [F.] 1868:353 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3505] Cuba. Possible syntypes: MCZ 16250 (1), USNM 15033 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:205 [ref. 22926]. Spelled amplexicollis in Poey 1875:137 [ref. 3509]. Possibly prevailing usage can be used to retain the spelling amplexicollis. •Synonym of Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:733 [ref. 700] with question and as amplexicollis, Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764] as amplexicollis). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

andamanensis, Chaetodon Kuiter [R. H.] & Debelius [H.] 1999:232, Figs. 1-2 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 79 (no. 2); ref. 24303] Great Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands, eastern Indian Ocean. Holotype: SMF 12311. Paratypes: SMF 28844 (1). •Synonym of Chaetodon plebeius Cuvier 1831 -- (Schneidewind 2000:516 [ref. 27929]). •Valid as Chaetodon andamanensis Kuiter & Debelius 1999 -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Satapoomin 2009:183 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:518 [ref. 31980], Psomadakis et al. 2020:511 [ref. 37272], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:447 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:551 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon andamanensis Kuiter & Debelius 1999. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Maldives, India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar east to west coast of Thailand and northern Sumatra (Indonesia). IUCN (2010): Data deficient. Habitat: marine.

aphrodite, Chaetodon Ogilby [J. D.] 1889:55, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Memoirs of the Australian Museum, Sydney No. 2 (art. no. 3); ref. 18489] Lord Howe Island. Holotype (unique): AMS I.1791. •Synonym of Chaetodon flavirostris Günther 1874 -- (Burgess 1978:558 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon flavirostris Günther 1874. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

arabica, Chaetodon trifasciatus var. Steindachner [F.] 1899:162 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 36 (no. 12) (for 4 May 1899); ref. 21723] Makalla, southeastern Arabia. Syntypes: ?NMW 70996 (3), 71100 (3). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Chaetodon mesoleucas arabicus Walbaum 1792. •Synonym of Chaetodon melapterus Guichenot 1863 -- (Burgess 1978:487 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:457 [ref. 39746]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon melapterus Guichenot 1863. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

arabicus, Chaetodon mesoleucus var. Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Forsskål) 1792:411 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Red Sea (is Al-Mukhā, Yemen, Red Sea). •Synonym of Chaetodon mesoleucos Forsskål 1775 -- (Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182].). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon mesoleucos Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

argentatus, Chaetodon Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] 1911:319, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 40 (no. 1822); ref. 10246] Agojo Point, Catanduanes Islands, southern Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 67353. Paratypes: USNM 346582 (1). First author is H. M. Smith. •Valid as Chaetodon argentatus Smith & Radcliffe 1911 -- (Burgess 1978:411 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:892 [ref. 25182], Pyle 2001:3235 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:892 [ref. 26193], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Motomura et al. 2010:134 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:518 [ref. 31980], Koeda et al. 2016:52 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35354], Dewa et al. 2022:19 [ref. 40001], Allen & Erdmann 2024:551 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon argentatus Smith & Radcliffe 1911. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vietnam east to Philippines and Taiwan, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan). IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

assarius, Chaetodon Waite [E. R.] 1905:66, Pl. 11 (fig. 1) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 4562] Between Fremantle and Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): WAM P.13255-001. Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:27 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:30 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Chaetodon assarius Waite 1905 -- (Burgess 1978:682 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Allen & Swainston 1988:96 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Gomon et al. 1994:626 [ref. 22532], Allen 1997:148 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:220 [ref. 25488], Hutchins 2001:264 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Allen et al. 2006:1289 [ref. 29090], Allen & Gomon 2008:608 [ref. 30653], Hoschke et al. 2019:157 [ref. 36626], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:227 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon assarius Waite 1905. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia endemic. Habitat: marine.

ataeniatus, Sarothrodus Poey [F.] 1868:353 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3505] Cuba. Holotype: MCZ 16251. Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:205 [ref. 22926]. •Synonym of Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:733 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:274 [ref. 25013]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

auratus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] 1795:122, 128 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 9; ref. 464] Name in index, refers to account of Chaetodon maculatus on p. 104, pl. 427. Chaetodon maculatus not found in index. Can be considered as two names for the same taxon, name may be used for a valid species if Cahetoton maculatus is preoccupied. Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700]. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

aureofasciatus, Chaetodon Macleay [W.] 1878:351, Pl. 8 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 17573] Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Syntypes: AMS 16350-001 [ex MAMU F686] (6 or 10). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:207 [ref. 19518]. •Valid as Chaetodon aureofasciatus Macleay 1878 -- (Burgess 1978:642 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Allen & Swainston 1988:96 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:221 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:148 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:362 [ref. 23967], Kuiter 1997:210 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:221 [ref. 25919], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3235 [ref. 26117], Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Allen et al. 2006:1289 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:519 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32988], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:227 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:552 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon aureofasciatus Macleay 1878. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

aureus, Chaetodon Molina [J. I.] 1782:227 [Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chile, del Signor Abate Giovanni Ignazio Molina.; ref. 17783] Chile. No types known. Predates and may invalidate Chaetodon aureus Temminck & Schlegel 1844. Family placement uncertain. See also Chaetodon chilensis Gmelin 1789. •Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. Nomen Dubium. Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

aureus, Chaetodon Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1844:81, Pl. 42 (fig. 1) [Fauna Japonica Parts 5-6; ref. 4372] Japan. Holotype: RMNH 1121. Type information: Boeseman 1947:82 [ref. 12876]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Chaetodon aureus Molina 1782 and Bloch 1787. •In the synonymy of Chaetodon auripes Jordan & Snyder 1901 -- (Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon auripes Jordan & Snyder 1901. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

auriga, Chaetodon Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:60, xiii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, or Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): ZMUC P52401 (dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:68 [ref. 9588]. Holotype figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 32 [ref. 20847]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Chaetodon auriga Forsskål 1775 -- (Burgess 1978:581 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:172 [ref. 29757], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:184 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:628 [ref. 5660], Allen & Swainston 1988:96 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:42 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:221 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:221 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:162 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:46 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:248 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:402 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:148 [ref. 23977], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:439 [ref. 24023], Chen et al. 1997:118 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:214 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:221 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:163 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:326 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:17 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:889 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:294 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:162 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:105 [ref. 25868], Shinohara et al. 2000:179 [ref. 25987], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3236 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:889 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:352, 623 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:629 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:286 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:309 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:393 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1289 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:279 [ref. 30952], Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182], Fricke et al. 2009:71 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:184 [ref. 30463], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:134 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:95 [ref. 39915], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:519 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:261 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:98 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:114 [ref. 36167], Trnski 2015:1301 [ref. 34198], Koeda et al. 2016:52 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35354], Kwun et al. 2017:142 [ref. 37287], Fricke et al. 2018:234 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:108 [ref. 36273], Satapoomin in Kimura et al. 2018:207 [ref. 36460], Arndt & Fricke 2019:14 [ref. 36883], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:153 [ref. 40104], Eagderi et al. 2019:53 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:181 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:157 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:82 [ref. 36871], Kim et al. 2020:141 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:78 [ref. 37637], Durville et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38802], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326], Kovačić et al. 2021:59 [ref. 39014], Mochizuki et al. 2021:50 [ref. 38974], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:447 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:552 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:69 [ref. 41255], Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon auriga Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), northern Line Islands (Kiribati) and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Korea and southern Sea of Japan (Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, Kermadec Islands and Rapa; eastern Pacific: Galapagos islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

auripes, Chaetodon Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:90 [Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses v. 3 (pts 2 & 3); ref. 2505] Nagasaki, Japan. Holotype: RMNH 1121. Replacement name for Chaetodon aureus Temminck & Schlegel, preoccupied. •Valid as Chaetodon auripes Jordan & Snyder 1901 -- (Burgess 1978:531 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:184 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Chen et al. 1997:118 [ref. 26476], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:895 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:163 [ref. 25480], Shinohara et al. 2000:179 [ref. 25987], Pyle 2001:3236 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:895 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:352, 623 [ref. 26218], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Motomura et al. 2010:135 [ref. 31256], Ho & Shao 2011: 48 [ref. 31432], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:519 [ref. 31980], Motomura et al. 2015:24 [ref. 34709], Koeda et al. 2016:52 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35354], Kim et al. 2020:141 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:78 [ref. 37637], Allen & Erdmann 2024:552 [ref. 40796]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Chaetodon auripes Jordan & Snyder 1901. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vietnam and southern China east to Taiwan, then north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan), Pacific coast of central Japan, Izu Islands (Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan). IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

auromarginatus, Chaetodon Bliss [R.] 1883:48 [Transactions of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius (N. S.) v. 13; ref. 16966] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MCZ 5943. •Synonym of Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett 1833 -- (Burgess 1978:602 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Fricke 1999:340 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett 1833. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

aurora, Chaetodon De Vis [C. W.] 1884:453 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4898] Queensland coast, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.200 (poor condition). •Synonym of Chaetodon ulietensis Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:607 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Allen et al. 2006:1295 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ulietensis Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

australis, Roa Kuiter [R. H.] 2004:168, Fig. 1 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 27778] Off Port Hedland, 18°24'S, 119°02'E, Western Australia, depth 140 meters. Holotype: WAM P.26215-001. Paratypes: AMS I.21835-018 (14), I.22805-006 (6); CSIRO CA 993 (1), CA 2188 (1), CA 4072-02 (1); NMV A2007 (1); NTM S12974-003 (5), S13523-002 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:30 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Roa australis Kuiter 2004 -- (Allen et al. 2006:1301 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:291 [ref. 30952], Larson et al. 2013:157 [ref. 32988], Rocha et al. 2017:130 [ref. 35651], Uejo et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37307], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:229 [ref. 41223], Matsunuma & Motomura 2022:3 [ref. 38992]). Current status: Valid as Roa australis Kuiter 2004. Chaetodontidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: northern Western Australia and Arafura Sea. Habitat: marine.

austriacus, Chaetodon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1836:30, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah market, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMF 1466 (1), 6184 (1), 2844 (1, dry). •Valid as Chaetodon austriacus Rüppell 1836 -- (Burgess 1978:494 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:173 [ref. 29757], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:248 [ref. 22896], Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Golani & Fricke 2018:108 [ref. 36273], Golani 2021:62 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:60 [ref. 39014], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:448 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon austriacus Rüppell 1836. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, rarely east to southern Oman; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

aya, Chaetodon Jordan [D. S.] 1886:225 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 9 (no. 565); ref. 14462] Snapper banks south of Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. (stomach content). Holotype (unique): USNM 37747. •Valid as Chaetodon aya Jordan 1886 -- (Burgess 1978:327 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Robins & Ray 1986:192 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:148 [ref. 23239], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:163 [ref. 27754]). •Valid as Prognathodes aya (Jordan 1886) -- (Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Burgess 2001:62 [ref. 25030], Burgess 2003:1671 [ref. 27101], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Nelson et al. 2004:149 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:470 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:162 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes aya (Jordan 1886). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

baro, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] 1816:333 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] No locality. Based on Renard as, "(2) baro, Cuv. Renard, pl. xx, fig. 109." (see Pietsch 1995:113 [ref. 26080]). •Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. •Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

baronessa, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] 1829:190 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No locality. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:131 [ref. 20718]. Based on Renard v. 1, xliii, 218. Also in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:45 [ref. 4881]. •Valid as Chaetodon baronessa Cuvier 1829 -- (Burgess 1978:434 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:221 [ref. 15987], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:403 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:154 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:221 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:163 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:891 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:294 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:105 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3237 [ref. 26117] dated 1831, Nakabo 2002:891 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830] dated 1831, Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:310 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1289 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:135 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:520 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32988] dated 1831, Fricke et al. 2014:98 [ref. 33932], Motomura et al. 2017:167 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2019:182 [ref. 36673], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:227 [ref. 41223], Mochizuki et al. 2022:23 [ref. 39612], Allen & Erdmann 2024:553 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon baronessa Cuvier 1829. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island and Cocos-Keeling Islands (Australia) and Indonesia east to Fiji, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Northern Territory (Australia). Habitat: marine.

basabei, Prognathodes Pyle [R. L.] & Kosaki [R. K.] 2016:140, Figs. 1-5 [ZooKeys No. 614; ref. 34720] Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Pearl and Hermes Atoll, southwest side, "Prognathodes Point," 27.7641°N, 175.9859°W, depth 61 meters. Holotype: BPBM 41290. Paratypes: BPBM, CAS, USNM. Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Prognathodes basabei Pyle & Kosaki 2016 -- (Copus et al. 2019:132 [ref. 36622]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes basabei Pyle & Kosaki 2016. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Pearl and Hermes Atoll, northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

bellamaris, Chaetodon Seale [A.] 1914:72, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [The Philippine Journal of Science, Section D v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 14174] Market in Hong Kong. Holotype (unique): BSMP 6321 (probably destroyed). Originally published as bella-maris, correction mandatory. •Synonym of Chaetodon wiebeli Kaup 1863 -- (Burgess 1978:538 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:165 [ref. 25480] as bella-maris). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon wiebeli Kaup 1863. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

bellicosus, Chaetodon Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:383 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Agana, Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. No description, passing reference, but appears minimally available. •Mention -- (Burgess 1978:744 [ref. 700]). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

bellicosus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] 1831:120 [The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization Vol. 2. Reptiles-fishes.; ref. 26487] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. No types known. Name not available; appeared in footnote with no description. Also objectively invalid; preoccupied by Chaetodon bellicosus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 and possibly based on same source (Freycinet, Voy. World). Nomen Nudum. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

bellulus, Chaetodon Thiollière [V. J. de l'I.] in Montrouzier 1857:443 [165] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 165 of reprint. •Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790 -- (Burgess 1978:699 [ref. 700] with question, Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

bellus, Chaetodon Solander [D. C.] in Lay & Bennett 1839:61 [The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage; ref. 2730] Not available, Solander manuscript name mentioned in synonymy. •In the synonymy of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797 -- (Burgess 1978:478 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

bennetti, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:84 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:134 [ref. 20718]. •Valid as Chaetodon bennetti Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:467 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:628 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:222 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:162 [ref. 25479], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:403 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:119 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:212 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:222 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:163 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:326 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:890 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:295 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:164 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:105 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3237 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:890 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:629 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:288 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:310 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1289 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:135 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:520 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:261 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:98 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:52 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:234 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:182 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:82 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:448 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:553 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon bennetti Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Caroline Islands (Micronesia) and Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia, Lord Howe Island (Australia) and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

bicornis, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] 1816:335 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] No locality. As "chaet bicornis, Cuv., Renard, pl. 30, f. 164." Based on Renard, pl. 30, f. 164 (see Pietsch 1995:114 [ref. 26080]). •This species corresponds to Heniochus varius (Cuvier 1829). Current status: Synonym of Heniochus varius (Cuvier 1829). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

bifascialis, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] 1829:190 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Holotype: MNHN 0000-9908. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:130-131 [ref. 20718] under trigascialis, with bifascialis dated to Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831. Available from footnote as, "Ch. bifascialis, N., Voyage de Freyc., pl. 62, f. 5." •Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Burgess 1978:418 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

bifasciatus, Chaetodon Shaw [G.] 1803:342 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Indias. No types known. Unneeded new name for Chaetodon macrolepidotus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Burgess 1978:223 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764]). •Synonym of Heniochus macrolepidotus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:365 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus 1758). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

bifasciatus, Chaetodon Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:75 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Indian Ocean. No types known. Apparently independent of Chaetodon bifasciatus Forsskål, based in part on Chaetodon macrolepidotus Linnaeus. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Chaetodon bifasciatus Forsskål 1775 and by Shaw 1803. Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. 1°Homonym. Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

bimaculatus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] 1790:9, Pl. 219 (fig. 1) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 4; ref. 469] "East Indies" [=West Indies]. On p. 5 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 7 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:733 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:274 [ref. 25013]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

biocellatus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:62 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Kosrae, Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9912 (1) Bauchot's holotype, MNHN 0000-9928 (2) unknown locality. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:118 [ref. 20718] as holotype and paratypes. Also appeared as Cuvier in Lesson 1831:176 [ref. 2776]. Two specimens mentioned in original description. •Synonym of Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède 1802) -- (Burgess 1978:566 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Mundy 2005:395 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède 1802). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

blackburnii, Chaetodon Desjardins [J.] 1836:58 [Rapport Annuel sur les travaux de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Ile Maurice No. 7; ref. 17400] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Illustrated in Valenciennes 1837: Pl. 37 (fig. 3) [ref. 17868] as C. blackburni. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:327 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. For comments on authorship see Monod 1976:21 [ref. 30339]. •Valid as Chaetodon blackburnii Desjardins 1836 -- (Burgess 1978:706 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Heemstra 1986:628 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Fricke 1999:327 [ref. 24106], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:286 [ref. 28072], Fricke et al. 2009:71 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2018:235 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:157 [ref. 40104], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:448 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon blackburnii Desjardins 1836. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal, straying to eastern Cape (South Africa), and East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya) east to Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues). Habitat: marine.

bleekeri, Taurichthys Castelnau [F. L.] 1875:15 [Official Record, containing Introduction, Catalogues, Official Awards of the Commissioners, Report and Recommendations of the Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria.; ref. 768] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Heniochus varius (Cuvier 1829) -- (Burgess 1978:267 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Allen et al. 2006:1300 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Heniochus varius (Cuvier 1829). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

brasiliensis, Prognathodes Burgess [W. E.] 2001:58, Figs. [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 49 (no. 6); ref. 25030] Cabo Frio, near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUSP 121696. •Valid as Prognathodes brasiliensis Burgess 2001 -- (Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1645 [ref. 25634], Burgess 2003:1665 [ref. 27101], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:90 [ref. 27192], Pinheiro et al. 2015:21 [ref. 34324], Carvalho-Filho 2023:189 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes brasiliensis Burgess 2001. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Pernambuco and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago to São Paulo (Brazil) endemic. Habitat: marine.

bricei, Chaetodon Smith [H. M.] 1898:102, fig'd [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 17 (art. 3) (for 1897); ref. 10220] Quisset Harbor, Wood's Hole, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 48526. Paratypes: USNM 125592 (2). •Synonym of Chaetodon capistratus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Burgess 1978:658 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:274 [ref. 25013]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon capistratus Linnaeus 1758. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

burgessi, Chaetodon Allen [G. R.] & Starck [W. A., II] 1973:17, Figs. 1-2 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 21 (no. 7); ref. 57] Off Bairakaseru Island, Ngemelis Islands, Palau Islands, Philippine Sea, 7°05'45"N, 134°15'15"E, depth 150 feet. Holotype: USNM 207943. Paratypes: BPBM 13229 (1), USNM 207944 (1). •Valid as Chaetodon burgessi Allen & Starck 1973 -- (Burgess 1978:378 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Yamakawa & Tameka in Okamura et al. 1982:250 [ref. 8256], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Allen 1997:154 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:163 [ref. 23965], Pyle 2001:3232 [ref. 26117], Randall et al. 2002:159 [ref. 26192], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:311 [ref. 28239], Randall et al. 2005:125 [ref. 28745], Allen & Erdmann 2012:520 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:182 [ref. 36673], Allen & Erdmann 2024:554 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon burgessi Allen & Starck 1973. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Indonesia east to Caroline Islands and Tonga, north to Philippines, south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

caelestinus, Glyphisodon Solander [D. C.] in Richardson 1846:253 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Indian Ocean; Polynesia; Chinese Sea. No type known. Based on Solander manuscript and on drawings. Family placement uncertain. Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

calendula, Coradion Matsunuma [M.], Motomura [H.] & Seah [Y. G.] in Matsunuma, Matsumoto, Motomura, Seah & Jaafar 2023:7, Figs. 3A-C, 4A-B, 5A-C, 6A, 7F, 8, 9A-F [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 40; ref. 39834] WNW of Port Hedland, Western Australia, Australia, -20.166°, 117.9°, depth 34 meters. Holotype: CSIRO H8224-20. Paratypes: AMS, CSIRO, HUMZ, KAUM-I, NSMT. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Coradion calendula Matsunuma, Motomura & Seah 2023. Current status: Valid as Coradion calendula Matsunuma, Motomura & Seah 2023. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: northwestern and northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

capistratus, Chaetodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:275 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] 'In Indiis' [erroneous, should be western Atlantic]. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.68 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin), NRM 58 (2), ZMUU Linn. Coll. 51 (2). Type catalog: Lönnberg 1896:22 [ref. 23530], Wheeler 1958:225 [ref. 13434], Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:250 [ref. 20707], Wheeler 1991:174-175, Fig. 13 [ref. 20102]. Based on the 'Labrus rostro reflexo, ocello purpureo iride alba juxta caudam' of Linnaeus 1749:314 [ref. 38023], which was based on the 'Tetragonopterus laevis, ad caudam brunna macula circulari ...' of Klein 1744: 37 [ref. 30141], the 'Klip-visch seu Soldaten-visch' of Willughby 1686:Appendix pl. 5, fig. 4 [ref. 30164] and Ray 1713:151 [ref. 30231], and the 'Piscis militaris' of Ruysch; the 'Chaetodon pallidus, fascia capitis ocelloque subcaudali fusco' of Linnaeus 1754:63, pl. 33, fig. 4 [ref. 31115], and the 'Chaetodon macrolepidotus, linea nigra ad oculos ...' of Gronow 1756:37 [ref. 20783]. •Mention -- (Monod 1973:422 [ref. 7193]). •Valid as Chaetodon capistratus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Burgess 1978:658 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Robins & Ray 1986:193 [ref. 23100], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Boschung 1992:148 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:331 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:274 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:163 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:111 [ref. 26784], Burgess 2003:1666 [ref. 27101], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Smith et al. 2003:39 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:149 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:460 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:59 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:77 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Page et al. 2023:162 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon capistratus Linnaeus 1758. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to Trinidad and Tobago, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

carens, Chaetodon Seale [A.] 1910:115, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [The Philippine Journal of Science, Section D v. 5 (no. 2); ref. 14595] Bantayan Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): BSMP 6173 (apparently destroyed). •Synonym of Chaetodon nippon Steindachner & Döderlein 1883 -- (Burgess 1978:386 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon nippon Steindachner & Döderlein 1883. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

carlhubbsi, Prognathodes Nalbant [T. T.] 1995:498, Fig. 8A [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 35; ref. 23190] Española (Hood) Island, Punta Suarez, Galápagos Islands, depth 100 feet. Holotype: CAS 80668. Paratypes: CAS 39289 (1), 39328 (3), 40404 (3); MGAB uncat. (1); CAS-SU 63563 (3). Possibly the same as Prognathodes falcifer Hubbs & Rechnitzer 1958. •Synonym of Prognathodes falcifer (Hubbs & Rechnitzer 1958) -- (McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193, footnote [ref. 30957]). •Valid as Prognathodes carlhubbsi Nalbant 1995 -- (Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:S8 [ref. 36248], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes carlhubbsi Nalbant 1995. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Cocos Island (Costa Rica), Malpelo Island (Colombia) and Galapagos Islandss (Ecuador). IUCN (2010): Near Threatened. Habitat: marine.

caudifasciatus, Chaetodon trifasciatus Ahl [E.] 1923:57 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Padang, Sumatra; Siporab; Madagascar; Mozambique; Tanzania; Indian Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH; ZMB 1234 (1), 14637 (2), 18198 (1), 20472 (1), 20474 (1), plus 2 more at ZMB. •Mentioned -- (Paepke 1995:97 [ref. 21847]). •Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797 -- (Burgess 1978:478 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:461 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

chilensis, Chaetodon Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1264 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Chile. •Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700]. •New name for Chaetodon aureus Molina 1782. •In the synonymy of Amphichaetodon melbae Burgess & Caldwell 1978 -- (Dyer & Westneat 2010:606 [ref. 31446]). Current status: Synonym of Amphichaetodon melbae Burgess & Caldwell 1978. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

chrysostomus, Chaetodon Parkinson [S.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:99 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Name mentioned under account of Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier 1831, not available; from Otaiti. Nomen Nudum. Chaetodontidae.

chrysostomus, Heniochus Lay [G. T.] & Bennett [E. T.] (ex Solander) 1839:62, Pl. 18 (fig. 1) [The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage; ref. 2730] Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier 1831. 1°Homonym. Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

chrysostomus, Heniochus Cuvier [G.] (ex Solander) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:99 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:139 [ref. 20718]. Based on a drawing by Mr. Beechey; reference to Chaetodon chrysostomus in Solander manuscript. •Valid as Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:234 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:186 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:233 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:226 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:116 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:224 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:233 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:168 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:18 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:884 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:302 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3262 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:884 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:19 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:327 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1299 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:138 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:539 [ref. 31980], Koeda et al. 2016:58 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:9 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2019:192 [ref. 36673], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:231 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:572 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and South China Sea east to Micronesia, Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

chrysozonus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Kuhl & Van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:82 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH D493. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-9689 (1), A-3832 (1, dry); RMNH D491 (1, dry), D492 (1, dry), D494 (1, dry). Bauchot selected a "lectoholotype" which is regarded as lectotype designation; see Bauchot 1963:119 [ref. 20718] for type information. •Valid as Coradion chrysozonus (Cuvier 1831) -- (Yasuda & Zama 1975:36 [ref. 41075], Burgess 1978:167 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Kyushin et al. 1982:151 [ref. 19754], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:186 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:231 [ref. 15987], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:408 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:117 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:210 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:231 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:167 [ref. 23965], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:887 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3259 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:887 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:119 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:19 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Allen et al. 2006:1298 [ref. 29090], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:536 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:102 [ref. 33932], Motomura et al. 2017:168 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2019:190 [ref. 36673], Koeda in Motomura et al. 2021:40 [ref. 38121], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:231 [ref. 41223], Matsunuma et al. 2023:24 [ref. 39834], Allen & Erdmann 2024:569 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Coradion chrysozonus (Cuvier 1831). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Andaman Sea east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Solomon Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

chrysurus, Chaetodon Desjardins [J.] 1832:107 [v. 3; ref. 30331] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-9672. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:119-120 [ref. 20718]. Also in Desjardins 1834:117 [ref. 17398]. For comments on authorship see Monod 1976:20 [ref. 30339]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Chaetodon chrysurus Bloch & Schneider 1801. •Synonym of Chaetodon paucifasciatus Ahl 1923 -- (Dor 1984:175 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Chaetodon madagaskariensis Ahl 1923 -- (Burgess 1978:398 [ref. 700] as madagascarensis, Fricke 1999:333 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:455 [ref. 39746]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon madagaskariensis Ahl 1923. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

cingulatus, Chaetodon Fowler [H. W.] 1934:480, Fig. 45 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1419] Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Holotype: ANSP 55264. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:41 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790 -- (Burgess 1978:700 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Heemstra 1986:629 [ref. 5660], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:453 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

citrinellus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Broussonet) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:27 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-9905. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1987-1408 [ex MNHN 0000-9905] (1). Bauchot 1963:120 [ref. 20718] selected a "lectoholotype", which was changed to lectotype in Bauchot 1969:135 [ref. 20807]. •Valid as Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:696 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:185 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:519, 693 [ref. 8056], Allen & Swainston 1988:96 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:222 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:222 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:162 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:148 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:119 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:218 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:222 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:163 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:328 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:897 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:295 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:105 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3238 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:897 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830] dating to 1866, Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:629 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:116 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:287 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:311 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:394 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1289 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:279 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:135 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:521 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2019:183 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:157 [ref. 36626], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:229 [ref. 41223], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:449 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:554 [ref. 40796], Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Mascarenes (Mauritius), Lakshadweep Islands (India), Maldives and Chagos Archipelago east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Line Islands (Kiribati) and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), Norfolk Island (Australia), New Caledonia, and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

collare, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] 1787:116, Pl. 216 (fig. 1) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] Japan [in error]. Holotype (unique): ZMB 8151 (right skin). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:59 [ref. 24282]. On p. 87 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 6 [ref. 21381]. •Mention -- (Dor 1984:176 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Chaetodon collare Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:522 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Goren & Dor 1994:48 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:248 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Pyle 2001:3238 [ref. 26117], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Hobbs et al. 2007:108 [ref. 29249], Hobbs et al. 2008:8 [ref. 39350], Satapoomin 2009:184 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:521 [ref. 31980], Psomadakis et al. 2015:290 [ref. 34104], Eagderi et al. 2019:53 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:82 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 22 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:511 [ref. 37272], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:449 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:554 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon collare Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden, Socotra (Yemen), Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf and Maldives east to Malaysia, Brunei and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

confluens, Chaetodon ulietensis var. Ahl [E.] 1923:172 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Indo-Pacific. ?BMNH. •Mentioned -- (Paepke 1995:97 [ref. 21847]). •Synonym of Chaetodon ulietensis Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:607 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ulietensis Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

consuelae, Chaetodon Mowbray [L. L.] in Borodin 1928:23, Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [Bulletin Vanderbilt Oceanographic Museum v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 526] Cay Sal Bank, Bahamas, depth 8 fathoms. Holotype (unique): VMM unnumbered (now at AMNH). •Synonym of Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Burgess 1978:661 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

corallicola, Chaetodon Snyder [J. O.] 1904:531, Pl. 11 (fig. 20) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 [1902]; ref. 4149] Southern coast of Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands, Albatross station 4032, depth 27-29 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 50880. Paratypes: CAS-SU 7732 (3), USNM 55317 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:80 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790 -- (Burgess 1978:700 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Randall 2005:313 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:395 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

cordiformis, Chaetodon Thiollière [V. J. de l'I.] in Montrouzier 1857:443 [165] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 165 of reprint. •Synonym of Chaetodon plebeius Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:450 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon plebeius Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

couagga, Chaetodon Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:200 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Not available, name mentioned in text in passing. Nomen Nudum. Chaetodontidae.

curiosus, Chelmonops Kuiter [R. H.] 1986:74, Figs. 1, 4B, 5, 7 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 13 (no. 3); ref. 6020] Near Perth, Western Australia, 31°50'S, 115°37'E, depth 51-57 meters. Holotype: WAM P.13745-001. Paratypes: SAMA F2743 (1), F4553 (1), F5348 (2), F5432 (4); WAM P.4342-001 (1), P.5322-001 (1), P.24175-001 (1), P.25725-002 (1), P.27960-012 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:27 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:30 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Chelmonops curiosus Kuiter 1986 -- (Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Gomon et al. 1994:627 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:206 [ref. 25488], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Allen et al. 2006:1297 [ref. 29090], Allen & Gomon 2008:609 [ref. 30653], Hoschke et al. 2019:157 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Chelmonops curiosus Kuiter 1986. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia, South Australia. Habitat: marine.

cyrano, Forcipiger Randall [J. E.] 1961:60, Figs. 5, 6C [Copeia 1961 (no. 1); ref. 9372] Malibagu Point, Sulawesi, Indonesia, depth 10-20 feet. Holotype: USNM 181373. Paratypes: AMNH 16584 (1); USNM 169774 (1), 181374 (1). •Synonym of Forcipiger longirostris (Broussonet 1782) -- (Wheeler 1964:168 [ref. 31175] with question, Burgess 1978:178 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Randall 2005:324 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:400 [ref. 28379]). •Valid as Forcipiger cyrano Randall 1961 -- (Randall 2007:289 [ref. 30952]), Current status: Valid as Forcipiger cyrano Randall 1961. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Sulawesi, Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

daedalma, Chaetodon Jordan [D. S.] & Fowler [H. W.] 1902:538, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 25 (no. 1296); ref. 10572] Naha, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype: CAS-SU 7190. Paratypes: CAS-SU 7159 (1), USNM 51390 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:80 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Chaetodon daedalma Jordan & Fowler 1902 -- (Burgess 1978:726 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:185 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Nakabo 2000:897 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:897 [ref. 26193], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon daedalma Jordan & Fowler 1902. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

dahli, Chaetodon Ahl [E.] 1923:143, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Ralum, Bismarck Archipelago. Holotype: ZMB 20417 (2.9 cm). Non-types: ZMB 20417 (2 of 3). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon rafflesii Anonymous [Bennett] 1830 -- (Burgess 1978:594 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon rafflesii Anonymous [Bennett] 1830. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

dayi, Chaetodon Ahl [E.] 1923:127 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] India. No types at ZMB: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett 1833 -- (Burgess 1978:602 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett 1833. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

decipiens, Chaetodon Ahl [E.] 1923:79 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Misaki, Japan, Albatross. Syntypes: USNM 50802 (3), 72111 (3). Types: Shinohara & Williams 2006:558 [ref. 31656]. No types at ZMB: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon nippon Steindachner & Döderlein 1883 -- (Burgess 1978:386 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon nippon Steindachner & Döderlein 1883. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

declevis, Chaetodon Burgess [W. E.] & Randall [J. E.] in Burgess 1978:382 [Butterflyfishes of the World; ref. 700] Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands. Syntypes: BPBM 11733-34 (2, 1); CAS 33467 [ex BPBM 11777] (1), MNHN 1975-0695 [ex BPBM 11777] (1), USNM 214674 [ex BPBM 11777] (1). Described first from the same specimens by Randall 1975 as declivis. •Wrongly valid as Chaetodon declevis Burgess & Randall 1978 -- (Yamakawa & Tameka in Okamura et al. 1982:250 [ref. 8256]). •Objective synonym of Chaetodon declivis Randall 1975 -- (Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon declivis Randall 1975. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

declivis, Chaetodon Randall [J. E.] 1975:16, Pl. 3 (fig. 3) [Uo (Japanese Society of Ichthyologists) No. 25; ref. 7464] Off point at northern side of Hanauu Bay, Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, depth 23 meters. Holotype: BPBM 11734. Paratypes: BPBM 11733 (2), CAS 33467 [ex BPBM 11777] (1), MNHN 1975-0695 [ex BPBM 11777] (1), USNM 214674 [ex BPBM 11777] (1). Also appeared as new as Burgess & Randall in Burgess 1978 as declevis; based on the same specimens. •Valid as Chaetodon declivis Randall 1975 -- (Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Myers 1999:166 [ref. 23965], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Pyle 2001:3239 [ref. 26117], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Randall 2005:312 [ref. 28239], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon declivis Randall 1975. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific. Habitat: marine.

decoratus, Chaetodon Ahl [E.] 1923:71, Pl. 1 (fig. 6) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Yokohama, Japan. Holotype (unique): ZMB 7572. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon semeion Bleeker 1855 -- (Burgess 1978:618 [ref. 700]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon semeion Bleeker 1855. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

decussatus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] 1829:190 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] India. Cuvier & Valenciennes specimens: MNHN A-2691 (1, dry). Available from footnote as, "Ch. decussatus, N., Russel, 53; et Klein., Miss., IV, ix, 2." Also in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:54 [ref. 4881]. Specimen (MNHN A-2691) listed by Bauchot 1963:120-121 [ref. 20718] as holotype is not a type but the specimen from the 1831 description. •Valid as Chaetodon decussatus Cuvier 1829 -- (Burgess 1978:591 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3239 [ref. 26117] dated 1831, Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830] dated 1831, Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:40 [ref. 27712], Allen et al. 2006:1290 [ref. 29090] dated 1831, Hobbs et al. 2007:108 [ref. 29249], Satapoomin 2009:184 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:521 [ref. 31980], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 22 [ref. 38321], Mohanty et al. 2020:1439 [ref. 37820], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:229 [ref. 41223], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:449 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:555 [ref. 40796], Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon decussatus Cuvier 1829. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Yemen, Oman; Lakshadweep (India), Maldives, Sri Lanka; Andaman Sea and Christmas Island (Australia) east to Flores (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

desmotes, Coradion Jordan [D. S.] & Fowler [H. W.] 1902:539, Fig. 5 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 25 (no. 1296); ref. 10572] Nagasaki, Japan. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 7192. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:80 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Chaetodon modestus Temminck & Schlegel 1844 -- (Burgess 1978:351 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:167 [ref. 25480]). •Synonym of Roa modesta (Temminck & Schlegel 1844). Current status: Synonym of Roa modesta (Temminck & Schlegel 1844). Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

dialeucos, Chaetodon Salm [R. V.] & Mee [J. K. L.] 1989:8, Figs. 1-3 [Freshwater and Marine Aquarium v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 17725] Southwest Barr al Hikman, Sultanate of Oman, northwestern Indian Ocean, 20°24'N, 58°13'E, depth 2.5 meters. Holotype: CAS 63116. Paratypes: BPBM 31972 (1). •Valid as Chaetodon dialeucos Salm & Mee 1989 -- (Randall 1995:249 [ref. 22896], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:450 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon dialeucos Salm & Mee 1989. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: southern Oman. Habitat: marine.

dichrous, Chaetodon Günther [A.] 1869:239, Pl. 16 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 (pt 2) (art. 4) (for 8 Apr. 1869); ref. 13284] St. Helena Island, South Atlantic. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1868.6.15.18. •Valid as Chaetodon dichrous Günther 1869 -- (Burgess 1978:343 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764]). •Valid as Prognathodes dichrous (Günther 1869) -- (Edwards & Glass 1987:640 [ref. 9166], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Maugé 1990:839 [ref. 17126] as dicrous, Burgess 2001:62 [ref. 25030], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Trunov 2006:476 [ref. 28786], Wirtz et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33516], Bailly in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2672 [ref. 34618], Brown et al. 2019:178 [ref. 36444]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes dichrous (Günther 1869). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Southern-central Atlantic: Ascension and Saint Helena islands, Grattan Seamount. Habitat: marine.

diphreutes, Heniochus Jordan [D. S.] 1903:694, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 26 (no. 1328); ref. 2398] Nagasaki, Japan, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyūshū, Japan. Holotype: CAS-SU 7247. Paratypes: ANSP 29662 (1), CAS-SU 7925 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:80 [ref. 12291], Böhlke 1984:41 [ref. 13621]. We do not follow Kottelat 2013; no proof. •Synonym of Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Burgess 1978:223 [ref. 700]). •Synonym of Heniochus macrolepidotus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:365 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Heniochus diphreutes Jordan 1903 -- (Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:177 [ref. 29757], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:186 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:631 [ref. 5660], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Paulin et al. 1989:195 [ref. 24556], Randall et al. 1990:234 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:225 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:48 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:253 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:222 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:234 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:168 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:344 [ref. 24106], Nakabo 2000:885 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:885 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:295 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:326 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:401 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1299 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:290 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:74 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:191 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:138 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:77 [ref. 39915] as Heniocus diphreutes, Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:539 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:114 [ref. 36167], Trnski 2015:1305 [ref. 34198], Daly et al. 2018:4 [ref. 35897], Fricke et al. 2018:240 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:110 [ref. 36273], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:150 [ref. 40104], Zajonz et al. 2019:84 [ref. 36871], Fujiwara et al. 2020:34 [ref. 38631], Psomadakis et al. 2020:513 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:78 [ref. 37637], Lee & Kim 2021:1018 [ref. 38939], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:231 [ref. 41223], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:466 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:573 [ref. 40796], Negoro & Motomura 2024:11 [ref. 41284]). Current status: Valid as Heniochus diphreutes Jordan 1903. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Amirantes (Seychelles), Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan), southern Hokkaido (Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to New South Wales (Australia) and Kermadec Islands. Habitat: marine.

diversicolor, Chaetodon Liénard [A.] 1834:163 [v. 5; ref. 30332] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Original not seen. For comments on authorship see Monod 1976:20 [ref. 30339]. Chaetodontidae.

dixoni, Chaetodon Regan [C. T.] 1904:276, Fig. [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 13 (no. 76) (art. 34); ref. 15200] Vanuatu. Syntypes: BMNH 1904.3.15.53-54 (2). •Synonym of Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:394 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

dizoster, Chaetodon Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:527 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:132 [ref. 20718]. Based on a drawing. •Synonym of Chaetodon falcula Bloch 1795 -- (Burgess 1978:609 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Fricke 1999:329 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:451 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon falcula Bloch 1795. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

dolosus, Chaetodon Ahl [E.] 1923:99 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. No types at ZMB: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Chaetodon dolosus Ahl 1923 -- (Burgess 1978:687 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Heemstra 1986:628 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Fricke 1999:328 [ref. 24106], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:287 [ref. 28072], Fricke et al. 2009:71 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2018:235 [ref. 35805], Tea et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37258], Durville et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38802], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:450 [ref. 39746], Fricke et al. 2024:69 [ref. 41255]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon dolosus Ahl 1923. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia) east to Seychelles, Madagascar, Walters Shoals and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius). Habitat: marine.

dorsalis, Chaetodon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] (ex Reinwardt) 1829:41, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Al Muwaylih, Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Syntypes: RMNH D473 (1, stuffed), SMF 424 (1). Bauchot 1963:134 [ref. 20718] attributes this species to Cuvier 1831 with holotype at RMNH, but Cuvier clearly cites Rüppell. •Synonym of Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Burgess 1978:673 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:175 [ref. 29757], Golani & Fricke 2018:109 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

dorsimacula, Chaetodon striatus var. Ahl [E.] 1923:91 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] South Atlantic. Holotype: ZMB (not found). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:97 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Burgess 1978:662 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

dorsiocellatus, Chaetodon Ahl [E.] 1923:111, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Kaohsiung [Takao], Taiwan. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20416. Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:48 [ref. 31432]. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon auripes Jordan & Snyder 1901 -- (Burgess 1978:531 [ref. 700] with question, Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Ho & Shao 2011:48 [ref. 31432]). •Synonym of Chaetodon flavirostris Günther 1874 -- (Burgess 1978:558 [ref. 700]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon auripes Jordan & Snyder 1901. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

drepanoides, Heniochus Thiollière [V. J. de l'I.] in Montrouzier 1857:444 [166] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 166 of reprint. appeared as drepanoïdes. •Synonym of Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:234 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

duplicicollis, Chaetodon collare var. Ahl [E.] 1923:137 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Indian coast. ZMB (not found). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847] as duplicollis. •Synonym of Chaetodon collare Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:523 [ref. 700] as duplicollis). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon collare Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

enceladus, Chaetodon Shaw [G.] in Shaw & Nodder 1791:no page number, Pl. 67 [The Naturalist's Miscellany; ref. 4013] India. No types known. •Synonym of Chelmon rostratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Burgess 1978:118 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chelmon rostratus (Linnaeus 1758). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

encladus, Chelmon Gistel [J.] 1848:109 [Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs; ref. 1822] Unneeded new name for Chaetodon rostratus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Chelmon rostratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Chelmon rostratus (Linnaeus 1758). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

enneacanthus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:83 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Name in text, not available. Nomen Nudum. Chaetodontidae.

ephippium, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:80, Pl. 174 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Bora Bora, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-9665. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-9687 (1); RMNH D475 (1, dry), D476 (1 dry). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:121-122 [ref. 20718]. Also appeared as Cuvier in Lesson 1831:174, Pl. 29 (fig. 1) [ref. 2776]. Lectotype established in Bauchot 1863:121 [ref. 20718]. Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764] places the earlier-named Chaetodon principalis Cuvier 1829 in synonymy •Valid as Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:598 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:96 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:222 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:221 [ref. 23929], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:404 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:148 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:120 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:214 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:222 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:163 [ref. 23965], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:889 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:295 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:164 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:105 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3240 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:889 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:629 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:312 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:394 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1290 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:280 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:135 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:522 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2019:183 [ref. 36673], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:12 [ref. 39607], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:229 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:555 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Sri Lanka, Christmas Island and Cocos-Keeling islands east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Line Islands and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga, Rapa and Gambier Islands. Habitat: marine.

eques, Chaetodon Steindachner [F.] 1903:18 [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 40 (no. 3) (for 22 Jan. 1903); ref. 19244] Yucatán, Mexico. Holotype (unique): NMW. Illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1903:18, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [ref. 4240]. •Synonym of Chaetodon aya Jordan 1886 -- (Burgess 1978:327 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764]). •Synonym of Prognathodes aya (Jordan 1886). Current status: Synonym of Prognathodes aya (Jordan 1886). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

excelsa, Loa Jordan [D. S.] 1921:652, Fig. 6 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 59 (no. 2392); ref. 2419] Off lava flow from Mauna Loa, Alika, Kau District, Hawaii Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 84094. •Valid as Chaetodon excelsa (Jordan 1921) -- (Burgess 1978:363 [ref. 700], Yamakawa & Tameka in Okamura et al. 1982:249 [ref. 8256], Randall 1995:249 [ref. 22896], Myers & Donaldson 2003:629 [ref. 27495]). •Synonym of Chaetodon modestus Temminck & Schlegel 1844 -- (Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764]). •Valid as Roa excelsa (Jordan 1921) -- (Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Kuiter 2004:167 [ref. 27778], Mundy 2005:402 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:291 [ref. 30952], Rocha et al. 2017:130 [ref. 35651], Uejo et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37307], Matsunuma & Motomura 2022:3 [ref. 38992]). Current status: Valid as Roa excelsa (Jordan 1921). Chaetodontidae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific: Guam, Johnston Atoll, Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

falcifer, Chaetodon Hubbs [C. L.] & Rechnitzer [A. B.] 1958:275, Pl. 1 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 29; ref. 12072] Eastern shore of Guadalupe Island, off Baja California, Mexico, depth 100 feet. Holotype (unique): CAS 20734. •Valid as Chaetodon falcifer Hubbs & Rechnitzer 1958 -- (Burgess 1978:338 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:225 [ref. 9277], Allen & Robertson 1994:180 [ref. 22193], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1002 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:101 [ref. 24545]). •Valid as Prognathodes falcifer (Hubbs & Rechnitzer 1958) -- (Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Nalbant 1995:498 [ref. 23190], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:443 [ref. 24023], McCosker et al. 1997:25 [ref. 22816], Thomson et al. 2000:152 [ref. 25640], Richards & Engle 2001:180 [ref. 25759], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Nelson et al. 2004:149 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:130 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:447 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:254 [ref. 35888], Love et al. 2021:170 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:162 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes falcifer (Hubbs & Rechnitzer 1958). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico), including Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

falcula, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] 1795:102, Pl. 425 (fig. 2) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 9; ref. 464] No locality stated [is Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India]. Syntypes: ZMB 1237 (2) Tranquebar, India. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:59 [ref. 24282]. On p. 100 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 12 [ref. 21381]. •Mention -- (Dor 1984:176 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Chaetodon falcula Bloch 1795 -- (Burgess 1978:609 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Heemstra 1986:628 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:42 [ref. 13251], Kuiter 1993:220 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:48 [ref. 25356], Myers 1999:166 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:329 [ref. 24106], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:322 [ref. 28239], Satapoomin 2009:185 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:522 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:261 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:235 [ref. 35805], Zajonz et al. 2019:82 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:451 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:555 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon falcula Bloch 1795. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya), Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and eastern Mascarenes (Mauritius, Rodrgues) east to Andaman Sea and Sumatra (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

fallax, Chaetodon Ahl [E.] 1923:64 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Japan. No types at ZMB: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon auripes Jordan & Snyder 1901 -- (Burgess 1978:531 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon auripes Jordan & Snyder 1901. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Chaetodon Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:59, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype: ZMUC P52400 (dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:68 [ref. 9588], Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182]. Holotype figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 31 [ref. 20847]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775 -- (Burgess 1978:574 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:173 [ref. 29757], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:290 [ref. 28072], Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182], DiBattista et al. 2015:21 [ref. 35706], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:108 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:451 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Socotra (Yemen). Habitat: marine.

festivus, Chaetodon Desjardins [J.] 1832:106 [v. 3; ref. 30331] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Also in Desjardins 1834:117 [ref. 17398]. For comments on authorship see Monod 1976:20 [ref. 30339]. •Mention -- (Burgess 1978:744 [ref. 700], Fricke 1999:326 [ref. 24106]). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

flavescens, Chaetodon Bennett [E. T.] 1831:61 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 19795] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.12.26.439 [ex Zool. Soc.]. Holotype purchased in 1855 from Zoological Society London. •Synonym of Pygoplites diacanthus, but a valid subspecies flavescens (Bennett 1831) -- (Coleman et al. 2016:243 [ref. 34402]). •Valid as Pygoplites flavescens (Bennett 1831) -- (Golani & Fricke 2018:112 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:94 [ref. 37020]). •Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790 -- (Burgess 1978:699 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Fricke 1999:330 [ref. 24106], R. Fricke, pers. comm, 11/18). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

flavirostris, Chaetodon Günther [A.] 1874:41, Pl. 32 (fig. A) [Andrew Garrett's Fische der Südsee Bd 1 (Heft 2); ref. 14190] Vavau, Tonga. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1873.4.3.236 or 226. •Valid as Chaetodon flavirostris Günther 1874 -- (Burgess 1978:558 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:223 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:223 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:162 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:154 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:218 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:223 [ref. 25919], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:17 [ref. 25829], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:295 [ref. 25191], Pyle 2001:3240 [ref. 26117] dated 1873, Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624] dated 1873, Randall 2005:313 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1290 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon flavirostris Günther 1874. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

flavissimus, Forcipiger Jordan [D. S.] & McGregor [E. A.] in Jordan & Evermann 1898:1671 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2444] Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Islands, off western Mexico. Holotype: CAS-SU 5709. Paratypes: (numerous) BMNH 1898.10.29.43 [from McGregor] (1), NMW 70807 (1), CAS-SU 69725 (1), USNM 48528 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:80 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Forcipiger flavissimus Jordan & McGregor 1898 -- (Burgess 1978:186 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:176 [ref. 29757], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:182 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:630 [ref. 5660], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Pequeño 1989:62 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:195 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:43 [ref. 13251], Allen & Robertson 1994:180 [ref. 22193], Randall et al. 1990:232 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:225 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:48 [ref. 25356], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1003 [ref. 22829], McCosker & Humann 1996:19 [ref. 41107], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Allen & Robertson 1997:827 [ref. 41086], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:103 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:442 [ref. 24023], Kuiter 1997:222 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:232 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:167 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:341 [ref. 24106], Francis et al. 1999:575 [ref. 24249], Johnson 1999:740 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:18 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:886 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:300 [ref. 25191], Thomson et al. 2000:152 [ref. 25640], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3260 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:886 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:120 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:19 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:149 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:293 [ref. 28072], Love et al. 2005:130 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:324 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:400 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1298 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:288 [ref. 30952], Béarez & Séret 2009:149 [ref. 36646], Fricke et al. 2009:73 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:190 [ref. 30463], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:138 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:105 [ref. 39915], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:536 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:103 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:114 [ref. 36167], Trnski 2015:1304 [ref. 34198], Fourriére et al. 2016:446 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:57 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:9 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:240 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:110 [ref. 36273], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:151 [ref. 40104], Fricke et al. 2019:191 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Tea et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37258], Durville et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38802], Love et al. 2021:169 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:464 [ref. 39746], Page et al. 2023:162 [ref. 40505], Allen & Erdmann 2024:570 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Forcipiger flavissimus Jordan & McGregor 1898. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), Kermadec Islands and Rapa (French Polynesia); eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Chile, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

flavocoronatus, Chaetodon Myers [R. F.] 1980:297, Figs. 1-2 [Micronesica v. 16 (no. 2); ref. 8684] About 1 kilometer south of Orote Point, Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific, depth 36 meters. Holotype (unique): BPBM 24790. •Valid as Chaetodon flavocoronatus Myers 1980 -- (Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Myers 1999:163 [ref. 23965], Pyle 2001:3232 [ref. 26117], Randall et al. 2002:159 [ref. 26192], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:629 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:320 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon flavocoronatus Myers 1980. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Mariana Islands endemic. Habitat: marine.

flavoniger, Holacanthus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:529, 535, Pl. 13 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-9769. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:142 [ref. 20718]. Originally flavo-niger. •Synonym of Chaetodon meyeri Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Burgess 1978:502 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Fricke 1999:335 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon meyeri Bloch & Schneider 1801. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

flavus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Forsskål) 1801:225 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 31 [ref. 20847] as Chaetodon fasciatus. Unnecessary replacement name for Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775. •Synonym of Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775 -- (Burgess 1978:574 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:173 [ref. 29757], Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:451 [ref. 39746]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

fowleri, Chaetodon Klausewitz [W.] 1955:313, Fig. 2 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 36 (nos 5/6); ref. 12205] Java Sea near Jakarta, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): SMF 3358. •Synonym of Chaetodon collare Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:523 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon collare Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

fremblii, Chaetodon Bennett [E. T.] 1828:42 [Zoological Journal, London v. 4 (no. 13, art. 3); ref. 16783] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1852.9.13.75 [ex Zool. Soc.]. Misspelled frehmlii by Cuvier. •Valid as Chaetodon fremblii Bennett 1828 -- (Burgess 1978:708 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Mundy 2005:394 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:280 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon fremblii Bennett 1828. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

frenatus, Chaetodon Fowler [H. W.] 1935:154, Fig. 123 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 87; ref. 13881] Bangkok, Thailand. Holotype: ANSP 62658. Paratypes: ANSP 62659-65 (7). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:41 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Chaetodon wiebeli Kaup 1863 -- (Burgess 1978:538 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon wiebeli Kaup 1863. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

fulvocinctus, Coradion Tanaka [S.] 1918:223 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 30 (no. 356); ref. 17357] Tanabe, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Holotype (unique) or described syntype: ZUMT 59858. •Synonym of Coradion altivelis McCulloch 1916 -- (Burgess 1978:155 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Coradion altivelis McCulloch 1916. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

fuscus, Chaetodon Commerson [P.] in Lacepède 1802:495 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Appeared as "Chaetodon fuscus, taeniâ ponè..." in the account of Chaetodon gallina. Regarded as non-binominal and not available. See ICZN Opinion 89. Chaetodontidae.

gardineri, Chaetodon Norman [J. R.] 1939:65, Fig. 22 [Scientific Reports, John Murray Expedition v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 6556] Muscat, Oman, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: BMNH 1888.12.29.37 (150-mm spec.). Paratypes: (should be 3) BMNH 1888.12.29.38-39 (now 2) Muscat, BMNH 1939.5.24.963 (1). •Valid as Chaetodon gardineri Norman 1939 -- (Burgess 1978:631 [ref. 700] as gardneri, Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553] as gardneri, Randall 1995:249 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:194 [ref. 23922], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Allen & Erdmann 2012:522 [ref. 31980], Eagderi et al. 2019:54 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:452 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:556 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon gardineri Norman 1939. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Socotra (Yemen), Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Andaman Sea (western Thailand) and western Sumatra (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

garnoti, Chaetodon Lesson [R. P.] 1831:174 [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Not available, manuscript name mentoned in passing under Chaetodon ephippium. Subsequent publication in an available way not researched. •Treated as synonym of Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:598 [ref. 700] as garnotii, Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764] as garnotii). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

garretti, Chaetodon Ahl [E.] 1923:96 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Samoa. ZMB (not found). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •In part with question, synonym of Chaetodon miliaris Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Burgess 1978:680 [ref. 700]). •In part a synonym of Chaetodon guentheri Ahl 1923 -- (Burgess 1978:685 [ref. 700]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon miliaris Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

geminus, Prognathodes Copus [J. M.], Pyle [R. L.], Greene [B. D.] & Randall [J. E.] 2019:127, Figs. 1-3 [ZooKeys No. 835; ref. 36622] Ngemelis Island, northwest side, "Blue Holes", Palau, Caroline Islands, 7.13791N, 134.22181E, depth 116 meters. Holotype: BPBM 40857. Paratype: USNM 440390. •Valid as Prognathodes geminus Copus, Pyle, Greene & Randall 2019 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2024:575 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes geminus Copus, Pyle, Greene & Randall 2019. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Palau, Caroline Islands (Federated States of Micronesia); possibly in the Coral Sea and New Caledonia Habitat: marine.

germanus, Chaetodon De Vis [C. W.] 1884:454 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4898] Queensland coast, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.198. •Synonym of Chaetodon pelewensis Kner 1868 -- (Burgess 1978:719 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Allen et al. 2006:1293 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon pelewensis Kner 1868. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

goniodes, Chaetodon Woods [L. P.] 1961:417, Fig. 1 [Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean v. 10 (no. 4); ref. 11962] Mona Passage, Oregon station 2655, 18°26'N, 67°11'W, west coast of Puerto Rico, depth 125 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 186318. •Synonym of Chaetodon guyanensis Durand 1960 -- (Burgess 1978:334 [ref. 700]). •Synonym of Prognathodes guyanensis (Durand 1960) Current status: Synonym of Prognathodes guyanensis (Durand 1960). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

gracilis, Chaetodon Günther [A.] 1860:20 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] West Indies. Syntypes: BMNH 2016.8.15.1-3 (3). •Synonym of Chaetodon sedentarius Poey 1860 -- (Burgess 1978:692 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon sedentarius Poey 1860. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

guentheri, Chaetodon Ahl [E.] 1923:99 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Syntypes: BMNH 1871.7.19.22 (1), 1871.7.19.58 (1). Originally Güntheri. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Chaetodon guentheri Ahl 1923 -- (Burgess 1978:685 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:185 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553] as guntheri, Randall et al. 1990:223 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:222 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:162 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:154 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:218 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:223 [ref. 25919], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:897 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:296 [ref. 25191], Pyle 2001:3241 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:897 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:313 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1290 [ref. 29090], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:523 [ref. 31980], Trnski 2015:1302 [ref. 34198], Motomura et al. 2017:167 [ref. 35490], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:229 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:556 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon guentheri Ahl 1923. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to southern Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

guezei, Chaetodon Maugé [A. L.] & Bauchot [R.] 1976:89, Figs. 1-2, 3c [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 3: Zoologie) No. 355, Zoologie no. 248; ref. 7377] Off Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 80 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1975-0094. Paratypes: MNHN 1975-0095 (1). •Valid as Chaetodon guezei Maugé & Bauchot 1976 -- (Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Fricke 1999:329 [ref. 24106]). •Valid as Prognathodes guezei (Maugé & Bauchot 1976) -- (Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Chave & Mundy 1994:367 [ref. 22375], Pyle 2001:3233 [ref. 26117], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Randall 2007:291 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:74 [ref. 30213], Pyle & Kosaki 2016:145 [ref. 34720], Copus et al. 2019:133 [ref. 36622], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:468 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes guezei (Maugé & Bauchot 1976). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), Comoros and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius); also possibly western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

guttatissimus, Chaetodon Bennett [E. T.] 1833:183 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1832 (pt 2); ref. 16789] Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1852.2.9.13.152 [ex Zool. Zoc.]. •Valid as Chaetodon guttatissimus Bennett 1833 -- (Burgess 1978:722 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Heemstra 1986:628 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:42 [ref. 13251], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:165 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:329 [ref. 24106], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle 2001:3241 [ref. 26117] dated 1832, Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:287 [ref. 28072], Fricke et al. 2009:72 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:185 [ref. 30463], Caratini & Soriano 2011:99 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:523 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:235 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:155 [ref. 40104], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Durville et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38802], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:452 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:556 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon guttatissimus Bennett 1833. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mazritius, Rodrigues) east to Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. Habitat: marine.

guttatus, Chaetodon Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:71 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Indian Ocean. Holotype: BMNH 1853.11.12.72 [Gronovius coll.] (skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:225 [ref. 13434]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Chaetodon guttatus Bloch 1787. •Synonym of Coradion chrysozonus (Cuvier 1831) -- (Wheeler 1958:225 [ref. 13434], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Matsunuma et al. 2023:4 [ref. 39834]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Coradion chrysozonus (Cuvier 1831). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

guyanensis, Chaetodon Durand [J.] 1960:209, Fig. 2 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 32 (no. 3); ref. 11910] French Guiana, about 52°34'W, depth 6°35'N, depth 105 meters. Syntypes: MNHN 1960-0271 (1), 1960-0272 (1); plus non-types (2). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:122 [ref. 20718]. •Valid as Chaetodon guyanensis Durand 1960 -- (Burgess 1978:334 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:388 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:193 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1993:333 [ref. 24474], Andreata & Séret 1996:587 [ref. 16204] dated 1860, Claro et al. 2000:23 [ref. 26458]). •Valid as Prognathodes guyanensis (Durand 1960) -- (Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Burgess 2001:62 [ref. 25030], Burgess 2003:1672 [ref. 27101], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:90 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:149 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32708], Lins Oliveira et al. 2015:166 [ref. 37485], Pinheiro et al. 2015:21 [ref. 34324], Pimentel et al. 2020:6 [ref. 38051], Robertson et al. 2020:153 [ref. 38098], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:549 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:189 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Page et al. 2023:162 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes guyanensis (Durand 1960). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bahamas south to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), including Caribbean Sea and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Brazil). Habitat: marine.

guyotensis, Chaetodon Yamamoto [E.] & Tameka [S.] in Okamura et al. 1982:249, Pl. 171 [Fishes of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge and Tosa Bay; ref. 8256] Western Pacific, 26°46.1'N, 135°19.8'E to 26°44.7'N, 135°22.5'E, depth 332 meters. Holotype: HUMZ 75063. Paratypes: BSKU 26216 (1), Miyazaki Univ. 7043 (1). •Valid as Chaetodon guyotensis Yamamoto & Tameka 1982 -- (Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:186 [ref. 6441]). •Valid as Peterscottia guyotensis (Yamamoto & Tameka 1982) -- (Nalbant 1991:421 [ref. 21839]). •Valid as Prognathodes guyotensis (Yamamoto & Tameka 1982) -- (Randall & De Bruin 1988:145 [ref. 6861], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Adam et al. 1998:13 [ref. 23610], Nakabo 2000:889 [ref. 25182], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Shinohara et al. 2005:436 [ref. 28370], Koeda et al. 2021:6 [ref. 38857], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:468 [ref. 39746], Aiba & Endo 2023:19 [ref. 40832]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes guyotensis (Yamamoto & Tameka 1982). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Maldives; northwestern Pacific: Kyushu-Palau Ridge north to Mie Prefecture (Japan). Habitat: marine.

hadjan, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Forsskål) 1801:227 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Arabia, Red Sea (is Al-Mukhā, Yemen, Red Sea). •Synonym of Chaetodon mesoleucos Forsskål 1775 -- (Burgess 1978:622 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon mesoleucos Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

haraguchiae, Roa Uejo [T.], Senou [H.] & Motomura [H.] 2020:[2], Figs. 1, 3, 5a, 6a, 7a [Ichthyological Research v. 67 (no. 3); ref. 37307] East China Sea, 27°16'36"N, 125°45'35"E, depth 147 meters. Holotype: KAUM-I. 138475 [ex SNFR 21416]. Paratypes: KAUM-I, UPVMI. •Valid as Roa haraguchiae Uejo, Senou & Motomura 2020 -- (Matsunuma & Motomura 2022:3 [ref. 38992], Lee et al. 2022:143 [ref. 39380], Allen & Erdmann 2024:575 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Roa haraguchiae Uejo, Senou & Motomura 2020. Chaetodontidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines and Taiwan north to East China Sea (southern Japan). Habitat: marine.

hawaiiensis, Chaetodon setifer var. Borodin [N. A.] 1930:55, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Bulletin Vanderbilt Marine Museum v. 1 (art. 2); ref. 16069] Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: VMM 512 (now at AMNH). Described as a new color variety; perhaps should be regarded as infrasubspecific and unavailable. •Synonym of Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Burgess 1978:588 [ref. 700], Mundy 2005:400 [ref. 28379]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus 1758. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

hemichrysus, Chaetodon Burgess [W. E.] & Randall [J. E.] in Burgess 1978:714, Figs. [Butterflyfishes of the World; ref. 700] Rapa Island and Pitcairn Island, southern Pacific. Syntypes: AMNH 32455-56 (8) Rapa Island, BMNH 1975.8.13.2 [ex BPBM 13219] (1), USNM 214673 [ex BPBM 13219] (1) Pitcairn Island. •Synonym of Chaetodon smithi Randall 1975 -- (Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon smithi Randall 1975. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

hoefleri, Chaetodon Steindachner [F.] 1881:158 [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 18 (no. 16) (for 23 June 1881); ref. 20482] Gorée, Senegal. Syntypes: (2) NMW. Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1881:30 [p. 14 of separate], Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [ref. 13333]. •Valid as Chaetodon hoefleri Steindachner 1881 -- (Monod 1973:422 [ref. 7193], Burgess 1978:664 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Nalbant in Whitehead et al. 1986:915 [ref. 13676], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Maugé 1990:837 [ref. 17126], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:275 [ref. 25013], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:291 [ref. 28072], Psomadakis et al. 2012:17 [ref. 33457], Wirtz et al. 2013:128 [ref. 32972], Bailly in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2669 [ref. 34618], Fermon et al. 2022:299 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon hoefleri Steindachner 1881. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Morocco south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands. Habitat: marine.

howensis, Chaetodon Waite [E. R.] 1903:33, Fig. 2 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 15049] Lord Howe Island. Holotype (unique): AMS I.4361. •Valid as Amphichaetodon howensis (Waite 1903) -- (Burgess 1978:287 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Paulin et al. 1989:195 [ref. 24556], Yatsu in Amaoka et al. 1990:281 [ref. 16024], Kuiter 1993:218 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:162 [ref. 25479], Kuiter 1997:208 [ref. 25488], Pyle 2001:3234 [ref. 26117], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Allen et al. 2006:1288 [ref. 29090], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:114 [ref. 36167], Trnski 2015:1300 [ref. 34198]). Current status: Valid as Amphichaetodon howensis (Waite 1903). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: southeastern Australia, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, northern New Zealand, Kermadec Islands. Habitat: marine.

humeralis, Chaetodon Günther [A.] 1860:19 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] "Sandwich Islands" [error for Central America]. Syntypes: (5) BMNH 1855.9.19.345-346 (2), 1855.9.19.534-535 (2) Haslar coll., BMNH 1855.9.19.576 (1) Haslar coll. •Valid as Chaetodon humeralis Günther 1860 -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:53 [ref. 39147], Burgess 1978:670 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:225 [ref. 9277], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Pequeño 1989:62 [ref. 14125], Allen & Robertson 1994:180 [ref. 22193], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1002 [ref. 22829], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:438 [ref. 24023], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:102 [ref. 24545], De la Cruz-Agüero & Cota-Gómez 1998:357 [ref. 23520], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:340 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:390 [ref. 24550], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:123 [ref. 25206], Thomson et al. 2000:151 [ref. 25640], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Nelson et al. 2004:149 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:130 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:394 [ref. 28379], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:446 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:254 [ref. 35888], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:92 [ref. 35859], González-Murcia et al. 2019:303 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:169 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326], Barrientos et al. 2023:275 [ref. 41235], Page et al. 2023:162 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:336 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon humeralis Günther 1860. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Chile, including Gulf of California (Mexico) asnd Galapagos Islands (Ecuador); central Pacific: one record from Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). IUCN (2009): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

inornatus, Forcipiger Randall [J. E.] 1961:58, Figs. 4, 6B [Copeia 1961 (no. 1); ref. 9372] Off Keahole Point, Hawaii Island, Hawaiian Islands, depth 35 feet. Holotype: USNM 179881. Paratypes: BPBM 12303 [ex UH 2312] (1), CAS-SU 62141 (1), USNM 179882 (1). •Synonym of Forcipiger longirostris (Broussonet 1782) -- (Burgess 1978:178 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Randall 2005:324 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:400 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:289 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Forcipiger longirostris (Broussonet 1782). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

intermedius, Heniochus Steindachner [F.] 1893:150 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 14) (for 18 May 1893); ref. 20494] Suez, Gulf of Suez, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: NMW 60898 (3). Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1893:222, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [ref. 14536]. •Valid as Heniochus intermedius Steindachner 1893 -- (Burgess 1978:242 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:177 [ref. 29757], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Goren & Dor 1994:48 [ref. 25356], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Fricke et al. 2007:91 [ref. 29533], Zenetos et al. 2010:412 [ref. 31201], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:110 [ref. 36273], Bariche & Fricke 2020:126 [ref. 37515], Golani 2021:63 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:60 [ref. 39014], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:466 [ref. 39746], Abd Rabou et al. 2024:128 [ref. 41250]). Current status: Valid as Heniochus intermedius Steindachner 1893. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

interruptus, Chaetodon unimaculatus Ahl [E.] 1923:142, Pl. 2 (fig. 9) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Possible types: ZMB 9526 (1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:97 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:637 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). •Synonym of Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch 1787, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Winterbottom et al. 1989:43 [ref. 13251], Fricke 1999:337-338 [ref. 24106]). •Valid as Chaetodon interruptus Ahl 1923 -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:288 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:322 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2009:72 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:185 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:523 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:235 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:156 [ref. 40104], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:453 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:557 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon interruptus Ahl 1923. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to western Sumatra (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

jayakari, Chaetodon Norman [J. R.] 1939:63, Fig. 21 [Scientific Reports, John Murray Expedition v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 6556] Muscat, Oman, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: BMNH (160-mm spec. from Muscat). Paratypes: (should be 3 + 3) BMNH 1939.5.24.960-962 (3), 1889.4.15.28-30 (3) Muscat. •Synonym of Chaetodon modestus Temminck & Schlegel 1844 -- (Burgess 1978:358 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764]). •Valid as Chaetodon jayakari Norman 1939 -- (Klausewitz 1986:284 [ref. 39512], Yamakawa & Tameka in Okamura et al. 1982:249 [ref. 8256], Klausewitz & Fricke 1985:3 [ref. 11448], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:249 [ref. 22896], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Roa jayakari (Norman 1939) -- (Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Kuiter 2004:167 [ref. 27778], Psomadakis et al. 2015:291 [ref. 34104], Rocha et al. 2017:130 [ref. 35651], Golani & Fricke 2018:110 [ref. 36273], Panda et al. 2018:322 [ref. 36355], Zajonz et al. 2019:84 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 22 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:513 [ref. 37272], Uejo et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37307], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:469 [ref. 39746], Matsunuma & Motomura 2022:3 [ref. 38992]). Current status: Valid as Roa jayakari (Norman 1939). Chaetodontidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indian Ocean: Socotra (Yemen) and Gulf of Oman east to India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Habitat: marine.

jordani, Chaetodon vagabundus var. Ahl [E.] 1923:181 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Sri Lanka. ZMB (not found). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:97 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon decussatus Cuvier 1829 -- (Burgess 1978:591 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon decussatus Cuvier 1829. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

karraf, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:46 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1242. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:132 [ref. 20718]. •Synonym of Chaetodon larvatus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:439 [ref. 700], Dor 1984:174 [ref. 29757], Golani & Fricke 2018:109 [ref. 36273], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:454 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon larvatus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

kaupi, Chaetodon ornatissimus var. Ahl [E.] 1923:52 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Samoa; Ralum; Matupi. No types known. Based on literature account of Kaup. •Mentioned -- (Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]). •Synonym of Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:507 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

kleinii, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] 1790:7, Pl. 218 (fig. 2) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 4; ref. 469] Ostindien [Indonesia]. Syntypes: (2) ZMB 1229 (1), 1231 (1 ex 2). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:59 [ref. 24282]; use of holotype [ZMB 1229] in the "Catalog of Fishes" 1998 may have established a lectotype. On p. 4 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 7 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790 -- (Burgess 1978:699 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:185 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:629 [ref. 5660], Allen & Swainston 1988:96 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:42 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:223 [ref. 15987], Francis & Randall 1993:122 [ref. 20996], Kuiter 1993:222 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:162 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:404 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:148 [ref. 23977], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:438 [ref. 24023] as kleini, Chen et al. 1997:120 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:218 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:223 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:164 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:330 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:896 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:296 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:165 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:105 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3242 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:896 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:629 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:117 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:289 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:313 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:395 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1291 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:281 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:72 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:186 [ref. 30463], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:75 [ref. 35264], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:135 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:96 [ref. 39915], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:524 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33932], Motomura et al. 2017:167 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:236 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:155 [ref. 40104], Fricke et al. 2019:184 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Durville et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38802], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:229 [ref. 41223], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:452 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:557 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:69 [ref. 41255], Negoro & Motomura 2024:13 [ref. 41284]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Western Cape, eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Line Islands (Kiribati) and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Hokkaido (Japan), south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island (Australia) and Tonga; eastern Pacific: Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

klunzingeri, Chaetodon Kossmann [R.] & Räuber [H.] 1877:391 [Verhandlungen des Naturhistorisch-Medizinischen Vereins zu Heidelberg. v. 1; ref. 18432] Red Sea. Holotype (unique): Apparently lost. Also appeared in Kossmann & Räuber 1877:10, Pisces Pl. 2 (fig. 11) [ref. 14246]. •Synonym of Chaetodon austriacus Rüppell 1836 -- (Burgess 1978:494 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:173 [ref. 29757], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:448 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon austriacus Rüppell 1836. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

knerii, Chaetodon collare var. Ahl [E.] 1923:137 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Java, Indonesia; Hong Kong, China. Syntypes: ZMB (not found). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon wiebeli Kaup 1863 -- (Burgess 1978:538 [ref. 700] as kneri, Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764] as kneri). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon wiebeli Kaup 1863. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

labiatus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:83 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Java, Indonesia. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:132 [ref. 20718]. •Synonym of Coradion chrysozonus (Cuvier 1831) -- (Burgess 1978:167 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Coradion chrysozonus (Cuvier 1831). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

larvatus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:45 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Syntypes: ZMB 1240 (1), 1241 (2, poor condition), 1242 (6, poor condition). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:134-135 [ref. 20718]. •Valid as Chaetodon larvatus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:439 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:173 [ref. 29757], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:250 [ref. 22896], Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Golani & Fricke 2018:108 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Golani 2021:62 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:60 [ref. 39014], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:454 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon larvatus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Socotra (Yemen), rarely southern Oman; Mediterranean Sea (Red sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

larvatus, Osteochromis Franz [V.] 1910:52, Pl. 5 (fig. 43) [Abhandlungen der math.-phys. Klasse der K. Bayer Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 4 (Suppl.) (no. 1); ref. 1481] Aburatsubo, Japan. Holotype (unique): ZSM [old collection] destroyed in WW II. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:268 [ref. 28925]. •Mention -- (Burgess 1978:744 [ref. 700]). Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

layardi, Chaetodon Blyth [E.] 1852:50 [Report on Ceylon mammals, birds, reptiles and fishes; ref. 16969] Sri Lanka. No types known. •Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797 -- (Burgess 1978:478 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:461 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

leachii, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:49 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] No locality. Holotype: MNHN 0000-4412. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:122 [ref. 20718]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Chaetodon leachii Bowdich 1825. •Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Burgess 1978:418 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

leucopleura, Chaetodon Playfair [R. L.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:35, Pl. 6 (fig. 3) [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.3.9.116 (skin). •Valid as Chaetodon leucopleura Playfair 1867 -- (Klausewitz 1970:2 [ref. 39503], Burgess 1978:628 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:174 [ref. 29757], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:250 [ref. 22896], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Golani & Fricke 2018:109 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:454 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon leucopleura Playfair 1867. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Southern Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: East Africa (Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania) east to Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles and Aldabra (Seychelles). Habitat: marine.

leucopygus, Chaetodon Ahl [E.] 1923:72, Pl. 2 (fig. 12) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Holotype (unique): ZMB 13610. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon leucopleura Playfair 1867 -- (Burgess 1978:628 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:454 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon leucopleura Playfair 1867. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

leucurus, Chaetodon Linnaeus [C.] 1766:463 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] America. No types known. Family placement uncertain. Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

lineolatus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Quoy & Gaimard) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:40 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9801 (2, poor condition). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:122 [ref. 20718]. •Valid as Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:612 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:174 [ref. 29757], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:184 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:629 [ref. 5660], Allen & Swainston 1988:96 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:42 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:224 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:220 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:162 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:405 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:148 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:120 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:216 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:224 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:164 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:331 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:893 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:296 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:165 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:105 [ref. 25868], Sakai et al. 2001:101 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3242 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:893 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:629 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:314 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:395 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1291 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:280 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:72 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:186 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:136 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:524 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:237 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:109 [ref. 36273], Satapoomin in Kimura et al. 2018:208 [ref. 36460], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:152 [ref. 40104], Fricke et al. 2019:184 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:157 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:454 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:557 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Line Islands (Kiribati) and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), New Caledonia and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

litus, Chaetodon Randall [J. E.] & Caldwell [D. K.] 1973:2, Figs. 1-2 [Contributions in Science (Los Angeles) No. 237; ref. 7582] Anakena Cove, Easter Island, southeastern Pacific, depth 6-10 feet. Holotype: BPBM 6659. Paratypes: BMNH 1972.10.5.2 (1); BPBM 6655-58 (2, 1, 1, 1), 6660-64 (1, 2, 4, 1, 1), 10438 (1); LACM 6560-1 (19); USNM 208218 (1); BC 65-403 (1), 65-407 (1), 65-429-430 (2, 2), 65-434 (1), 65-440 (2), 65-446 (2), 65-451 (1), 65-455 (2), 65-457-58 (1, 2). •Valid as Chaetodon litus Randall & Caldwell 1973 -- (Burgess 1978:711 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Pequeño 1989:62 [ref. 14125], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon litus Randall & Caldwell 1973. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Easter Island endemic. Habitat: marine.

lol, Chelmon Montrouzier [X.] 1857:444 [166] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] On p. 166 of reprint. Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing in synonymy; from Woodlark I., South Pacific. •In the synonymy of Chelmon rostratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Burgess 1978:118 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Chelmon rostratus (Linnaeus 1758). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae.

longirostris, Chaetodon Broussonet [P. M. A.] 1782:[31], Pl. 7 [Ichthyologia, sistens piscium descriptiones et icones. Decas I.; ref. 17287] Hawaiian Islands, central Pacific. Holotype: BMNH 1962.12.2.1 [ex Mus. Banks]. On unnumbered p. 31 and unnumbered Pl. 7. For type information see Wheeler 1964:165 [ref. 31175]. •Valid as Forcipiger longirostris (Broussonet 1782) -- (Klausewitz 1970:1 [ref. 39503], Burgess 1978:178 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:182 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:232 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:225 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:154 [ref. 23977], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:442 [ref. 24023], Chen et al. 1997:115 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:222 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:232 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:167 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:341 [ref. 24106], Randall 1999:18 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:886 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:301 [ref. 25191], Thomson et al. 2000:153 [ref. 25640], Randall & Earle 2000:16 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3260 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:886 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:19 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:293 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:324 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:400 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1298 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:288 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:73 [ref. 30213], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:537 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:103 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Fourriére et al. 2016:447 [ref. 34668], Koeda et al. 2016:57 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:240 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:191 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:84 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:464 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:570 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Forcipiger longirostris (Broussonet 1782). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Southern Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Pitcairn Group, north to Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

luciae, Chaetodon Rochebrune [A. T. de] 1880:160 [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 4; ref. 3790] Saint Lucie [Saint Luzia Island], Cape Verde Islands. Type lost. •Synonym of Chaetodon robustus Günther 1860 -- (Burgess 1978:731 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Maugé 1990:837 [ref. 17126]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon robustus Günther 1860. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

luctuosus, Chaetodon Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:382 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] No locality. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9779 [or 9979] (2). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:122-123 [ref. 20718]. •Mention -- (Burgess 1978:744 [ref. 700]). Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

luctuosus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:37 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] No locality. Possible syntypes: MNHN 0000-9779 (2). Described independently of (and preoccupied by) Chaetodon luctuosus Quoy & Gaimard 1824; specimens used by Cuvier perhaps are the same ones as used by Quoy & Gaimard -- (see Bauchot 1963:123 [ref. 20718]). Objectively invalid. 1°Homonym. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

lunaris, Chaetodon Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:70 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] India. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Chaetodon auriga Forsskål 1775 -- (Burgess 1978:582 [ref. 700]). Current status: Uncertain as Chaetodon auriga Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

lunatus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:57 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Red Sea. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1236. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:135-136 [ref. 20718]. •Synonym of Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:612 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:174 [ref. 29757], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:454 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

lunula, Pomacentrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1802:507, 511 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] No locality stated [Indian Ocean]. Syntypes: MNHN B-2121 (2, dry), MNHN 0000-9740 (?). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:123-124 [ref. 20718], Bauchot et al. 1978:48 [ref. 20862]. •Valid as Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède 1802) -- (Burgess 1978:566 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:184 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:629 [ref. 5660], Allen & Swainston 1988:96 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:42 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:224 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:223 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:162 [ref. 25479], Randall 1995:250 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:148 [ref. 23977], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:440 [ref. 24023], Chen et al. 1997:121 [ref. 26476] dated 1803, Kuiter 1997:218 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:224 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:164 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:332 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:17 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:891 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:296 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:166 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:105 [ref. 25868], Sakai et al. 2001:101 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3243 [ref. 26117] dated 1803, Nakabo 2002:891 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:352, 624 [ref. 26218] with authorship as Cuvier 1831, Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576] dated 1803, Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:289 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:314 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:395 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1291 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:282 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:72 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:186 [ref. 30463], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:136 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:101 [ref. 39915], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:524 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33932], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:114 [ref. 36167], Francis & Duffy 2015:483 [ref. 36161], Trnski 2015:1303 [ref. 34198], Koeda et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:237 [ref. 35805], Arndt & Fricke 2019:14 [ref. 36883], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:156 [ref. 40104], Fricke et al. 2019:184 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:157 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Kim et al. 2020:141 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:78 [ref. 37637], Durville et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38802], Dewa et al. 2022:19 [ref. 40001], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:12 [ref. 39607], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:455 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:558 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:69 [ref. 41255]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède 1802). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Line Islands (Kiribati) and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan) and Kagoshima Prefecture (Pacific coast of Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), northern New Zealand, Kermadec Islands and Rapa (French Polynesia); eastern Pacific: Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

lunulatus, Chaetodon Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:381 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Hawaiian Islands, or possibly Guam, western Pacific. Holotype: MNHN A-0277. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:124 [ref. 20718]. •Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797 -- (Burgess 1978:478 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). •Valid as Chaetodon lunulatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Kuiter 1995:105 [ref. 22918], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:220 [ref. 25488], Myers 1999:164 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:892 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:892 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:117 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:315 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:396 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1291 [ref. 29090], Hobbs et al. 2008:8 [ref. 39350], Hobbs et al. 2010:64 [ref. 30769], Hobbs et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30769], Randall 2007:282 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:136 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:525 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:54 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2019:185 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:157 [ref. 36626], Allen & Erdmann 2024:558 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon lunulatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), northern Line Islands (Kiribati) and Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, New Caledonia, Tonga, Rapa and Gambier Islands. Habitat: marine.

lunulatus, Chaetodon Shaw [G.] 1803:352 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Unjustified emendation of Pomacentrus lunula Lacepède 1802. •In the synonymy of Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède 1802). Unjustified Emend.. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède 1802). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

lydiae, Chaetodon Curtiss [A.] 1938:118 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. Also appeared in Curtiss 1944:15 [ref. 12574]. •Synonym of Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:507 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

macrolepidotus, Chaetodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:274 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Indies. No types known. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:343 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. First reviser selecting macrolepidotus over acuminatus apparently Cuvier 1816:335 [ref. 993], see also ICZN Opinion 40. •Valid as Heniochus macrolepidotus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:365 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Burgess 1978:223 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Fricke 1999:342 [ref. 24106], Allen et al. 2006:1299 [ref. 29090]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus 1758). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

maculatus, Choetodon (Tetragonoptrus) Sauvage [H.-E.] (ex Liénard) 1891:259 [Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar; ref. 14503] [Réunion (erroneous)] is Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-0902. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:124-125 [ref. 20718]. Original genus should have been Chaetodon. Based on 'Chétodon tachete' of Liénard 1839:36 [ref. 17536] and Liénard 1840:297 [ref. 30337]; description quoted from Liénard. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Tetragonopterus maculatus Bleeker (ex Liénard) 1875. Objectively invalid; Preoccupied by Chaetodon maculatus Bloch 1795. •In the synonymy of Chaetodon guttatissimus Bennett 1832 -- (Burgess 1978:722 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:452 [ref. 39746] as Chaetodon (Tetragonopterus) maculatus). •Synonym of Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède 1802) -- (Fricke 1999:332 [ref. 24106]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède 1802). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

maculiceps, Megaprotodon Ogilby [J. D.] 1910:14 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 23; ref. 3288] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.868. •Synonym of Chaetodon plebeius Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:450 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Allen et al. 2006:1293 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon plebeius Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

maculocinctus, Sarothrodus Gill [T. N.] 1861:99 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13; ref. 1772] Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP. Originally as maculo-cinctus, correction mandatory. •Valid as Chaetodon maculocinctus (Gill 1861) -- (Herrera 1896:60 [ref. 39336]). •Synonym of Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:733 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

madagaskariensis, Chaetodon chrysurus Ahl [E.] 1923:163 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean [not Madagascar]. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-9672. Usually seen as madagascariensis but probably should not be emended; authors however may wish to evoke a prevailing usage argument. Based on description of Choetodon (Tetragonoptrus) miliaris (non Quoy & Gaimard 1825) by Sauvage 1891:259 [ref. 14503], allegedly from Madagascar, but in fact from Mauritius based on Chaetodon chrysurus Desjardins 1834. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847] as madagascariensis. •Synonym of Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier 1831 -- (Randall 2005:316 [ref. 28239]). •Valid as Chaetodon madagaskariensis Ahl 1923 -- (Burgess 1978:398 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Heemstra 1986:629 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553] as madagascariensi, Winterbottom et al. 1989:42 [ref. 13251] as madagascariensis, Chen et al. 1997:119 [ref. 26476] as madagascariensis, Myers 1999:164 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:333 [ref. 24106], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125] as madagascariensis, Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:290 [ref. 28072], Fricke et al. 2009:72 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:525 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:237 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:155 [ref. 40104], Durville et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38802], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:455 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:558 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon madagaskariensis Ahl 1923. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Mozambique Channel, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Andaman Sea, Cocos-Keeling Islands and Christmas Island (Australia). Habitat: marine.

mantelliger, Chaetodon Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:394, Fig. 7 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 (1899); ref. 2340] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 49699. Paratypes: CAS-SU 23317 (7). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:80 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Chaetodon miliaris Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Burgess 1978:680 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Mundy 2005:396 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon miliaris Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

marcellae, Chaetodon (Oxychaetodon) Poll [M.] 1950:2, Fig. 1 [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 26 (no. 49); ref. 12969] Atlantic, 25 miles west-southwest of Pt. Banda, 3°57'30"S, 10°36'30"E, depth 85 meters. Holotype (unique): IRSNB 240. Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:27 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:33 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Chaetodon marcellae Poll 1950 -- (Burgess 1978:318 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764]). •Valid as Prognathodes marcellae (Poll 1950) -- (Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Maugé 1990:839 [ref. 17126], Burgess 2001:62 [ref. 25030], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Wirtz et al. 2007:14, 36 [ref. 30263], Wirtz et al. 2013:128 [ref. 32972], Triay-Portella et al. 2015:167 [ref. 36561], Bailly in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2673 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:230 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:299 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes marcellae (Poll 1950). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including Canary Islands (Spain), Cape Verde Islands, São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

marginalis, Chelmon Richardson [J.] 1842:29 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 10 (no. 62); ref. 18628] Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia. Holotype: BMNH 1843.6.15.48 (skin). Also described by Richardson 1846:491, Pl. 4 [ref. 3743]. •Valid as Chelmon marginalis Richardson 1842 -- (Burgess 1978:126 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:362 [ref. 23967], Kuiter 1997:208 [ref. 25488], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3257 [ref. 26117], Senou et al. 2003:2 [ref. 25052], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Allen et al. 2006:1296 [ref. 29090], Larson et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32988], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:229 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:568 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chelmon marginalis Richardson 1842. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

marginatus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:57 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1254. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:136 [ref. 20718]. Preoccupied by Chaetodon marginatus Bloch 1787 and Chaetodon marginatus Lichenstein 1823. Objectively invalid. •Synonym of Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Burgess 1978:673 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:175 [ref. 29757], Golani & Fricke 2018:109 [ref. 36273]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

marginatus, Chaetodon Lichtenstein [M. H. C.] 1823:115 [Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin, nebst Beschreibung...; ref. 17525] Indian Ocean. Preoccupied by Chaetodon marginatus Bloch 1787. Objectively invalid. 1°Homonym. Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

marleyi, Chaetodon Regan [C. T.] 1921:1 [Annals of the Durban Museum v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 15326] East London, South Africa, depth 40 fathoms. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1920.7.23.25. •Valid as Chaetodon marleyi Regan 1921 -- (Burgess 1978:667 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Heemstra 1986:629 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:290 [ref. 28072], Fricke et al. 2018:237 [ref. 35805], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:456 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon marleyi Regan 1921. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) noth to southern Mozambique, east to southern Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

melammystax, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:224 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. •Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790 -- (Burgess 1978:699 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

melampus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:224 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. Family placement uncertain. Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

melanistion, Heniochus Bleeker [P.] 1854:98 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 16924] Banda Islands, Maluku, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2). •Synonym of Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:234 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

melannotus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:224 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1253. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:60 [ref. 24282]. Spelled melanotus by authors. See Chaetodon melanotus Cuvier 1831. •Valid as Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Burgess 1978:673 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:174 [ref. 29757], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:185 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:629 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:42 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:224 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:220 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:405 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:121 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:216 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:224 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:164 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:334 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:894 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:297 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:166 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Shimizu 2001:32 [ref. 25799], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3243 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:894 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:117 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:315 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1292 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2009:72 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:187 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:136 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:93 [ref. 39915], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:525 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:54 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:238 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:109 [ref. 36273], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:152 [ref. 40104], Fricke et al. 2019:185 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 22 [ref. 38321], Dewa et al. 2022:19 [ref. 40001], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:229 [ref. 41223], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:456 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:559 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:69 [ref. 41255], Luo et al. 2024:8 [ref. 41630]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marshall Islands and Tonga, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

melanopoma, Chaetodon Playfair [R. L.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:35, Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Aden. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.3.9.124 (right half skin). •Synonym of Chaetodon semilarvatus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:554 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:461 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon semilarvatus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

melanopterus, Chaetodon Playfair [R. L.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:34 [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Unjustified emendation of Chaetodon melapterus Guichenot 1863. •Synonym of Chaetodon melapterus Guichenot 1863 -- (Burgess 1978:487 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon melapterus Guichenot 1863. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

melanopus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:84 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype: RMNH D485 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:136 [ref. 20718]. •Valid as Coradion melanopus (Cuvier 1831) -- (Burgess 1978:162 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Allen 1997:154 [ref. 23977], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Pyle 2001:3259 [ref. 26117], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Allen & Erdmann 2012:536 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:103 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:191 [ref. 36673], Allen & Erdmann 2024:570 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Coradion melanopus (Cuvier 1831). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Bali (Indonesia) east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Solomon Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan). Habitat: marine.

melanotus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Reinwardt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:71 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH D474 (stuffed). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:136-137 [ref. 20718]. Cuvier referred to "Chaetodon melanotus, Reinw." Not based on Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801 [ref. 471]. See Chaetodon reinwardtii Günther 1860, a new name for Chaetodon melanotus Cuvier 1831. •Synonym of Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Bauchot 1963:136-137 [ref. 20718], Burgess 1978:673 [ref. 700]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

melapterus, Choetodon Guichenot [A.] 1863:C-6 [Faune ichthyologique 2nd Partie, Annexe C.; ref. 1943] Réunion (probably in error). Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1316 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:125 [ref. 20718]. Original genus should have been spelled Chaetodon. •Valid as Chaetodon melapterus Guichenot 1863 -- (Burgess 1978:487 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:175 [ref. 29757], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Randall 1994:265 [ref. 21644], Randall 1995:251 [ref. 22896] with remark on locality, Carpenter et al. 1997:194 [ref. 23922], Fricke 1999:326 [ref. 24106] with remark on locality, Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Golani & Fricke 2018:109 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:54 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:457 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon melapterus Guichenot 1863. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Socotra (Yemen), Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

melastomus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:224 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Syntypes: ZMB 1231 (2). •Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790 -- (Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

melbae, Amphichaetodon Burgess [W. E.] & Caldwell [D. K.] in Burgess 1978:291, Figs. [Butterflyfishes of the World; ref. 700] Isla San Félix, off Chile. Holotype: SIO 65-629. Paratypes: (20 from following) SIO 65-626 (21), 65-629 (12). Author is Burgess and D. K. Caldwell. •Valid as Amphichaetodon melbae Burgess & Caldwell 1978 -- (Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Pequeño 1997:83 [ref. 23536], Pequeño & Sáez 2000:32 [ref. 24590], Pequeño & Lamilla 2000:434 [ref. 24906], Meléndez C. & Cornejo C. 2001:68 [ref. 26163], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Dyer & Westneat 2010:606 [ref. 31446]). Current status: Valid as Amphichaetodon melbae Burgess & Caldwell 1978. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Easter Island and San Felix Islands (off Chile). Habitat: marine.

mendoncae, Chaetodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1953:9 [Memorias do Museu Dr. Alvaro de Castro No. 2; ref. 4087] Mozambique Channel, western Indian Ocean, depth 60 fathoms. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 6. Paratypes: (2) not researched. •Synonym of Chaetodon dolosus Ahl 1923 -- (Burgess 1978:687 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Heemstra 1986:628 [ref. 5660], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:450 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon dolosus Ahl 1923. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

mertensii, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:47 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] No locality. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:132-133 [ref. 20718]. Based on a drawing. •Valid as Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:394 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:225 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:223 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:220 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:225 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:164 [ref. 23965], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:17 [ref. 25829], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:896 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:297 [ref. 25191], Pyle 2001:3244 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:896 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:290 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:316 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1292 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:526 [ref. 31980], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Allen & Erdmann 2024:559 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific: Eastern Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, east to Vanuatu and Marquesas Islands, New Caledonia east to Easter Island. Habitat: marine.

mesoleucos, Chaetodon Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:61, xiii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [Mochhæ] Al-Mukhā, Yemen, Red Sea. No types known. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182]. Spelled mesoleucus by some authors, but Chaetodon mesoleucus Bloch is a different species. •Valid as Chaetodon mesoleucos Forsskål 1775 -- (Burgess 1978:618 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:175 [ref. 29757], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182], Randall & Rocha 2009:511 [ref. 30410], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:109 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871] as cf. mesoleucos, Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:457 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon mesoleucos Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

meyeri, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:223 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): Museum Meyer, Leiden (whereabouts unknown). Lectotype selected by Fricke 1999:334 [ref. 24106] as the specimen figured as 'Dowing' by Renard (1718:Pl. 25 (fig. 135)) restricting the locality to Ambon. •Valid as Chaetodon meyeri Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Burgess 1978:502 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:184 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:629 [ref. 5660], Allen & Swainston 1988:96 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:15 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:42 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:225 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:148 [ref. 23977], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:440 [ref. 24023], Chen et al. 1997:121 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:212 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:225 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:164 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:894 [ref. 25182], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3244 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:894 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:118 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:291 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:316 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1292 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2009:72 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:187 [ref. 30463], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:137 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:97 [ref. 39915], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:526 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33932], Fourriére et al. 2016:446 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:54 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:238 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:154 [ref. 40104], Fricke et al. 2019:185 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:457 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:559 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:69 [ref. 41255], Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon meyeri Bloch & Schneider 1801. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to Line Islands (Kiribati), north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga; eastern Pacific: Revillagigedo Archipelago (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

microlepis, Chaetodon Bleeker [P.] 1853:257 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 12580] Cauer, Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2). Family placement uncertain. Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

miliaris, Chaetodon Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:380, Pl. 62 (fig. 6) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8976. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:125 [ref. 20718]. •Valid as Chaetodon miliaris Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Burgess 1978:680 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Mundy 2005:396 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:283 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon miliaris Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

mitratus, Chaetodon Günther [A.] 1860:16 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1842.7.26.14 (stuffed and mounted). •Valid as Chaetodon mitratus Günther 1860 -- (Burgess 1978:374 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Yamakawa & Tameka in Okamura et al. 1982:250 [ref. 8256], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:43 [ref. 13251], Fricke 1999:335 [ref. 24106], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Randall 2005:320 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2009:73 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:526 [ref. 31980], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:157 [ref. 40104], Tea et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37258], Durville et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38802], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:458 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:560 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon mitratus Günther 1860. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa (Mozambique), Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Andaman Sea, Christmas Island and Cocos-Keeling Islands (Australia). Habitat: marine.

modestus, Chaetodon Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1844:80, Pl. 41 (fig. 2) [Fauna Japonica Parts 5-6; ref. 4372] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D466 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH D464-465 (2, stuffed), D467 (1, stuffed), 1138 (2); ZMB 1271 (2). Type catalog: Paepke 2001:329 [ref. 25566]. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:82 [ref. 12876]. The genus Roa is apparently feminine; 'modestus' is a Latin adjective (moderate). •Valid as Chaetodon modestus Temminck & Schlegel 1844 -- (Burgess 1978:351 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Yamakawa & Tameka in Okamura et al. 1982:249 [ref. 8256], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:185 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:519, 693 [ref. 8056], Randall 1995:249 [ref. 22896], Chen et al. 1997:122 [ref. 26476], Cheng & Zhou 1997:317 [ref. 26385], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:12 [ref. 24670], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:891 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:167 [ref. 25480], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:891 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:352, 624 [ref. 26218], Parin 2003:S15 [ref. 28536], Randall 2007:291 [ref. 30952], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:527 [ref. 31980], Parin et al. 2014:376 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Roa modestus (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) -- (Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122] dated to 1842, Pyle 2001:3233 [ref. 26117] dated to 1842, Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125]). •Valid as Roa modesta (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) -- (Kuiter 2004:167 [ref. 27778], Rocha et al. 2017:130 [ref. 35651], Nakae in Kimura et al. 2018:210 [ref. 36460], Kim et al. 2020:141 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:79 [ref. 37637], Uejo et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37307], Matsunuma & Motomura 2022:3 [ref. 38992], Allen & Erdmann 2024:576 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Roa modesta (Temminck & Schlegel 1844). Chaetodontidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vietnam east to Philippines, north to Korea, Japan and Ogasawara Islands. Habitat: marine.

modestus, Paracanthochaetodon Schmidt [P. Yu.] & Lindberg [G. U.] 1930:469 [Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Ser. A (Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS), Leningrad 1930; ref. 3940] Tsuruga, western Japan. Holotype (unique): ZIN 22949. Treated by Burgess 1978:351 [ref. 700] as a new combination in the synonymy of Chaetodon modestus Temminck & Schlegel 1842, but the description is clearly intended as a new species. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Chaetodon if Burgess' placement is correct. 2°Homonym. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

monoceros, Heniochus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:100, Pl. 176 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5733. •Valid as Heniochus monoceros Cuvier 1831 -- (Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:186 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:632 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:234 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:226 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:154 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:224 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:234 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:168 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:344 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:740 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:18 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:884 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:303 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3263 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:884 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:19 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:327 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1300 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2009:74 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:139 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:78 [ref. 39915], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:540 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Koeda et al. 2016:9 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:241 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:151 [ref. 40104], Franklin et al. 2019:103 [ref. 37345], Fricke et al. 2019:192 [ref. 36673], Durville et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38802], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:467 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:573 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:69 [ref. 41255]). Current status: Valid as Heniochus monoceros Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Aliwal Shoal and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Mozambique Channel, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marshall Islands and Henderson (Pitcairn Group), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Norfolk Island (Australia) and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia). Introduced at Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

muelleri, Chelmo Klunzinger [C. B.] 1879:255 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 16 (no. 22); ref. 18913] Port Darwin, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: SMNS 2477 (3), 2613 (2). Type catalog: Fricke 1992:8 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:25 [ref. 29864] Name appeared as Mülleri in original. Also appeared in Klunzinger 1880:361 [37 of separate] [ref. 2624]. Original genus should have been Chelmon. •Valid as Chelmon muelleri Klunzinger 1879 -- (Burgess 1978:135 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553] as mulleri, Randall et al. 1990:230 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:154 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:363 [ref. 23967], Kuiter 1997:208 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:230 [ref. 25919], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3257 [ref. 26117], Senou et al. 2003:2 [ref. 25052], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Allen et al. 2006:1296 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:535 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32988], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:231 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:568 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chelmon muelleri Klunzinger 1879. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: northern Australia and West Papua (Indonesia). Habitat: brackish, marine.

mulsanti, Chaetodon Thiollière [V. J. de l'I.] in Montrouzier 1857:441 [163] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 163 of reprint. •Synonym of Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:598 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764] as melsanti). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

multicinctus, Chaetodon Garrett [A.] 1863:65 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 1) v. 3; ref. 13928] Honolulu market, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: (2, destroyed in 1906). •Valid as Chaetodon multicinctus Garrett 1863 -- (Burgess 1978:725 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Mundy 2005:397 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:284 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon multicinctus Garrett 1863. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

multispinosus, Chaetodon Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:383 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Family placement uncertain. Corresponds to Chaetodon ribulorum on p. 376 and to Chaetodon multi-spinosus on p. 383. Appeared as Ch. multi-spinosus vel rivularum in Devincenzi 1925:302, 321; Devincenzi regarded as unidentifiable and account probably in error. Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

multispinosus, Hemitaurichthys Randall [J. E.] 1975:19, Pl. 3 (fig. 4) [Uo (Japanese Society of Ichthyologists) No. 25; ref. 7464] Patch reef off Gannet Ridge, northern side Pitcairn Island, southern Pacific, depth 130-145 feet. Holotype: BPBM 13225. Paratypes: AMS I.18430-001 (1); BMNH 1975.8.13.2 (1); BPBM 13222 (2), 13327 (now 2); CAS 33468 (1); USNM 214675 (1). See also Hemitaurichthys multispinus Burgess & Randall 1978. •Valid as Hemitaurichthys multispinosus Randall 1975 -- (Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Randall 1999:18 [ref. 25829], Pyle 2001:3261 [ref. 26117], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Randall 2005:325 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Valid as Hemitaurichthys multispinosus Randall 1975. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: South Pacific: Pitcairn Island. Habitat: marine.

multispinus, Hemitaurichthys Burgess [W. E.] & Randall [J. E.] in Burgess 1978:214, Figs. [Butterflyfishes of the World; ref. 700] Pitcairn Island, Pacific. Holotype: BPBM 13225. Paratypes: BPBM 13222 (2), 13327 (8, now 2). Described earlier by Randall with same holotype as Hemitaurichthys multispinosus Randall 1975. •Objective synonym of Hemitaurichthys multispinosus Randall 1975 -- (Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Hemitaurichthys multispinosus Randall 1975. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

mycteryzans, Chaetodon Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:76 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] No locality [Ambon]. No types known. •Synonym of Henichus macrolepidotus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:366 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Burgess 1978:223 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus 1758). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

nesogallicus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] 1829:190 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Cuvier specimens: MNHN 0000-9670 (2). Available from footnote as, "Ch. nesogallicus, N., Ren., I, v, 37." Also appeared in Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:63 [ref. 4881]. Misspelled nasogallicus by Griffith & Smith 1834:173 [ref. 1908]. Bauchot 1963:125 [ref. 20718] lists syntypes (MNHN 9670), but they apply to the 1831 description. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:339 [ref. 24106] is invalid. Species epithet misspelled nasogallicus by Cuvier 1831:139 [ref. 30376] with author Risso. •Synonym of Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Burgess 1978:587 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Fricke 1999:338 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:462 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus 1758. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

nigripes, Chaetodon De Vis [C. W.] 1884:453 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4898] Queensland coast, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.199. •Synonym of Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:696 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Allen et al. 2006:1290 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

nigripes, Chaetodon citrinellus Ahl [E.] 1923:105 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Not an independent description; based on Chaetodon nigripes of De Vis 1884. Current status: Uncertain as Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

nigripinnatus, Chaetodon Desjardins [J.] 1836:57 [Rapport Annuel sur les travaux de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Ile Maurice No. 7; ref. 17400] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. For comments on authorship see Monod 1976:21 [ref. 30339]. •Synonym of Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett 1833 -- (Burgess 1978:602 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Fricke 1999:340 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett 1833. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

nigripinnis, Chaetodon Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1855:438 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1855; ref. 3449] Mozambique. Possible types: ZMB 1272 (1). Also described as new in Peters 1855:246 [ref. 13448]. •Synonym of Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett 1833 -- (Burgess 1978:602 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett 1833. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

nigrirostris, Sarothrodus Gill [T. N.] 1862:243 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 1665] Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Syntypes: USNM 3669 (2). •Valid as Pseudochaetodon nigrirostris (Gill 1862) -- (Burgess 1978:302 [ref. 700]). •Valid as Johnrandallia nigrirostris (Gill 1862) -- (Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Allen & Robertson 1994:181 [ref. 22193], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1003 [ref. 22829], Allen & Robertson 1997:827 [ref. 41086], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:104 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:441 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:340 [ref. 24555], Thomson et al. 2000:152 [ref. 25640], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Nelson et al. 2004:149 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:130 [ref. 37547], Béarez & Séret 2009:149 [ref. 36646], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:447 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:S8 [ref. 36248], Love et al. 2021:170 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:162 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:337 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Johnrandallia nigrirostris (Gill 1862). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of central Baja California (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

nigromaculatus, Chaetodon Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:453, 473 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] East Indies; Japan. Syntypes: ZMB 1256-1257 (1, 1). Originally nigro-maculatus, correction mandatory. Unneeded new name for Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch 1787. Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700]. •Synonym of Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch 1787 -- (P. Parenti, pers. comm., 10/17/03). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

nigropunctatus, Chaetodon (Tetragonoptrus) Sauvage [H.-E.] 1880:222 [12] [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 4; ref. 3888] Oman. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:125-126 [ref. 20718]. On p. 12 of separate. •Valid as Chaetodon nigropunctatus Sauvage 1880 -- (Burgess 1978:633 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Carpenter et al. 1997:194 [ref. 23922], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Eagderi et al. 2019:54 [ref. 37020], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:458 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon nigropunctatus Sauvage 1880. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: southern Oman and Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

nippon, Chaetodon Steindachner [F.] & Döderlein [L.] 1883:124 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 20 (no. 15) (for 14 June 1883); ref. 20490] Tokyo, Japan. Syntypes: (several) NMW 71094 (2), ?ZMB 12062 (1). Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner & Döderlein 1883:23, Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [ref. 4247]. Type information (ZMB) from Amaoka & Fujii 1999:162 [ref. 26515]. •Valid as Chaetodon nippon Steindachner & Döderlein 1883 -- (Burgess 1978:386 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Yamakawa & Tameka in Okamura et al. 1982:250 [ref. 8256], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:185 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:897 [ref. 25182] with author as Döderlein, Pyle 2001:3245 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:897 [ref. 26193] with author as Döderlein, Choi et al. 2003:352, 624 [ref. 26218] with author as Döderlein, Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Motomura et al. 2010:137 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Mochizuki et al. 2022:68 [ref. 39927], Allen & Erdmann 2024:560 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon nippon Steindachner & Döderlein 1883. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Luzon (Philippines) and Taiwan north to southern sea of Japan (Korea, Japan), and Pacific coast of central Japan, Izu Islands (Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan). IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

notophthalmus, Chaetodon Ahl [E.] 1923:81, Pl. 2 (fig. 10) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Unknown locality. ZMB 20415. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon marleyi Regan 1921 -- (Burgess 1978:668 [ref. 700], Heemstra 1986:629 [ref. 5660], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:456 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon marleyi Regan 1921. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

obliquus, Chaetodon Lubbock [R.] & Edwards [A. J.] 1980:14, Figs. 1-2 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 8693] North side of Belmonte Islet, Saint Paul's Rocks, western central Atlantic. Holotype: MZUSP 14600. Paratypes: BMNH 1980.3.18.1 (1), SMF 15686 (1), MHNG 2014.52 (1). •Valid as Chaetodon obliquus Luppock & Edwards 1980 -- (Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943]). •Valid as Prognathodes obliquus (Lubbock & Edwards 1980) -- (Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Burgess 2001:62 [ref. 25030], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:90 [ref. 27192], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Bailly in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2668 [ref. 34618], Carvalho-Filho 2023:189 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Prognathodes obliquus (Lubbock & Edwards 1980). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western-central Atlantic: Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (Brazil). Habitat: marine.

obscurus, Chaetodon Boulenger [G. A.] 1888:657 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (pt 4); ref. 14479] Muscat, Oman, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1887.11.11.109 (1), BMNH 1887.11.11.110 (1, dried skin). •Synonym of Chaetodon nigropunctatus Sauvage 1880 -- (Burgess 1978:633 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Randall 1995:251 [ref. 22896], Eagderi et al. 2019:54 [ref. 37020], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:458 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon nigropunctatus Sauvage 1880. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

ocellatus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] (ex Seba) 1787:105, Pl. 211 (fig. 2) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] "East Indies" [actual is West Indies]. No types known. Based on the “Chaetodon macrolepidotus, albescens“ of Seba 1759:67 (no. 11), Pl. 25 (fig. 11) [ref. 18716]. On p. 78 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 6 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787 -- (Baughman 1947:280 [ref. 41409], Burgess 1978:733 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:387 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:193 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:394 [ref. 25518], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], McAllister 1990:152 [ref. 14674], Boschung 1992:149 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:335 [ref. 24474], Murdy et al. 1997:225 [ref. 23144], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:389 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:274 [ref. 25013], Nakabo 2000:888 [ref. 25182], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:163 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], McBride in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:446 [ref. 26158], Burgess 2003:1667 [ref. 27101], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:90 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:39 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:149 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:462 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:59 [ref. 33341] dated 1778, Robertson et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34961], Carneiro et al. 2019:278 [ref. 37250], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:546 [ref. 38945], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:77 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:187 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:162 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Maine (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

ocellatus, Chaetodon Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:68 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Indian Ocean. No types known. Preoccupied by Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787. •Synonym of Chaetodon auriga Forsskål 1775 -- (P. Parenti, pers. comm., 10/17/03). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon auriga Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

ocellatus, Platax Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:229 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] No locality. Holotype (unique): BMNH not found. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:157 [ref. 20718]. •Valid as Parachaetodon ocellatus (Cuvier 1831) -- (Yasuda & Zama 1975:34 [ref. 41075], Burgess 1978:275 [ref. 700], Kyushin et al. 1982:149 [ref. 19754], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:186 [ref. 6441], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:234 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:219 [ref. 23929], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:410 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:363 [ref. 23967], Kuiter 1997:210 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:235 [ref. 25919], Johnson 1999:740 [ref. 25471], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3265 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:888 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830] dating to 1829, Randall 2005:328 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1300 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:541 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:157 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:166 [ref. 34464], Motomura et al. 2017:169 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2019:193 [ref. 36673], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 22 [ref. 38321], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:231 [ref. 41223], Vilasri et al. 2023:92 [ref. 40764], Allen & Erdmann 2024:575 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Parachaetodon ocellatus (Cuvier 1831). Chaetodontidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Sri Lanka and Bangladesh east to Vanuatu and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

ocellicaudus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:69 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Timor Island, southern Malay Archipelago? Holotype: MNHN 0000-9914. Spelled Chaetodon ocellicauda by Günther 1860:29 [ref. 1963]. Type information: Bauchot 1963:126 [ref. 20718]. •Synonym of Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Dor 1984:175 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Chaetodon ocellicaudus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:677 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:225 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:220 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:216 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:225 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:164 [ref. 23965], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:166 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3245 [ref. 26117], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830] as ocellicauda, Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Allen et al. 2006:1292 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:527 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:185 [ref. 36673], Allen & Erdmann 2024:560 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon ocellicaudus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Malay Peninsula east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Solomon Islands, north to Philippines and Palau, south to Great Barrier Reef/Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

ocellifer, Chaetodon Franz [V.] 1910:49, Pl. 5 (fig. 35) [Abhandlungen der math.-phys. Klasse der K. Bayer Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 4 (Suppl.) (no. 1); ref. 1481] Nagasaki, Japan. Syntypes: ZSM [old collection] (3) destroyed in WW II Type catalog: Neumann 2006:268 [ref. 28925]. •Synonym of Chaetodon speculum Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:455 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon speculum Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

octofasciatus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] 1787:113, Pl. 215 (fig. 1) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] Indian Ocean. Lectotype: ZMB 1221. Paralectotypes: ZMB 8152 (1, dry, missing). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:60 [ref. 24282]. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:60 [ref. 24282]. On p. 85 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 6 [ref. 21381]. •Mention -- (Monod 1973:422 [ref. 7193]). •Valid as Chaetodon octofasciatus Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:650 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:185 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:406 [ref. 27969], Chen et al. 1997:122 [ref. 26476], Myers 1999:165 [ref. 23965], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:893 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:168 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3246 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:893 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Allen et al. 2006:1292 [ref. 29090], Satapoomin 2009:187 [ref. 30463], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:528 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33932], Satapoomin in Kimura et al. 2018:208 [ref. 36460], Fricke et al. 2019:185 [ref. 36673], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 22 [ref. 38321], Koeda in Motomura et al. 2021:39 [ref. 38121], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:7 [ref. 40448], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:459 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:561 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon octofasciatus Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives, India and Sri Lanka east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

octolineatus, Chaetodon Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:69 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Indian Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.71 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:225 [ref. 13434] but with a holotype. •Synonym of Chaetodon octofasciatus Bloch 1787 -- (Wheeler 1958:225 [ref. 13434], Burgess 1978:650 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon octofasciatus Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

oligacanthus, Chaetodon Bleeker [P.] 1850:16 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 23 (no. 9); ref. 16904] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes and/or Bleeker specimens: AMS B.7767 [from Day] (1) Jakarta, BMNH 1880.4.21.111-112 (2), RMNH 14413 (7), SMNS 10583 (6). Type catalog: Fricke 1991:11 [ref. 13474], Fricke 2005:25 [ref. 29864]. Appeared first in Bleeker 1845:520 [ref. 312] without distinguishing features; also in Bleeker 1850:105 [ref. 16888]. Fricke 2005:25 [ref. 29864] regards SMNA 10583 and RMNH 14413 as syntypes and dates to 1845. •Valid as Chaetodon oligacanthus Bleeker 1850 -- (Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Nakae in Kimura et al. 2015:70 [ref. 34319], Nakae in Kimura et al. 2018:209 [ref. 36460]). •Synonym of Parachaetodon ocellatus (Cuvier 1831) -- (Blum 1989:15 [ref. 37553], Burgess 1978:275 [ref. 700]). Current status: Synonym of Parachaetodon ocellatus (Cuvier 1831). Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

ornatissimus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Solander) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:22 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific. Syntypes: MNHN A-0279 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:126 [ref. 20718]. Also appeared as Cuvier in Lesson 1831:179, Pl. 30 (fig. 1) [ref. 2776]. •Valid as Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:507 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:184 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:96 [ref. 25477] as ornatus, Blum 1989:15 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:226 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:148 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:122 [ref. 26476], Randall et al. 1997:226 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:165 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:17 [ref. 25829], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:894 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:297 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3246 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:894 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:317 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:397 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1293 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:284 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:137 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:528 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Hernández et al. 2015:525 [ref. 34036], Koeda et al. 2016:54 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2019:186 [ref. 36673], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:12 [ref. 39607], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:459 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:561 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Seychelles, Maldives and Sri Lanka east to Hawaiian Islands (U. S. A.), northern Line Islands (Kiribati), Pitcairn Group and Easter Island (Chile), north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga, Rapa and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

ornatus, Chaetodon Gray [J. E.] 1831:33 [Zoological Miscellany [No. 1]; ref. 18153] Hawaiian Islands. BMNH 2004.10.31.2 (skin). Illustrated in Griffith & Smith 1834:Pl. 20 (opp. p. 324) [ref. 1908]. •Valid as Chaetodon ornatus Gray 1831 -- (Kuiter 1997:212 [ref. 25488]). •Synonym of Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:507 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Mundy 2005:397 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

osseus, Tholichthys Günther [A.] 1868:457, Fig. [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6); ref. 1993] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH not found. •Mention -- (Burgess 1978:307 [ref. 700]). Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

ovalis, Chaetodon Thiollière [V. J. de l'I.] in Montrouzier 1857:442 [164] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 164 of reprint. •Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797 -- (Burgess 1978:478 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

oxycephalus, Chaetodon Bleeker [P.] 1853:603 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 337] Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Chaetodon oxycephalus Bleeker 1853 -- (Burgess 1978:615 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:226 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:216 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:226 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:165 [ref. 23965], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:893 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3232 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:893 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Randall 2005:314 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1293 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:528 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:186 [ref. 36673], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:459 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:562 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon oxycephalus Bleeker 1853. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives and Sri Lanka east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Solomon Islands, east to to Philippines, Palau and Pohnpei, south to Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

papek, Chaetodon Montrouzier [X.] 1857:441 [163] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] On p. 163 of reprint. Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing in synonymy of Chaetodon mulsanti Thiollière 1857; Woodlark I., South Pacific. •In the synonymy of Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier 1831 based on placement of mulsanti Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

parallelus, Chaetodon Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:70 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Indian Ocean. No types known. •Synonym of Chaetodon collare Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:523 [ref. 700] but with Ahl as author, Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:449 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon collare Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

paucifasciatus, Chaetodon chrysurus Ahl [E.] 1923:162 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): ZMB 7888. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Chaetodon paucifasciatus Ahl 1923 -- (Burgess 1978:402 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:175 [ref. 29757], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Myers 1999:164 [ref. 23965], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], DiBattista et al. 2015:21 [ref. 35706], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:109 [ref. 36273], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:459 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon paucifasciatus Ahl 1923. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

pelewensis, Chaetodon Kner [R.] 1868:27 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 58 (nos 1-2); ref. 6074] Palau Islands [= Pelew Islands], western Pacific (erroneous, should be Society Islands). Holotype (unique): ?NMW 71181 [ex Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg]. Appeared in more detail in Kner 1868:306 [p. 14 of separate] [ref. 2646]. Type locality corrected according to Schmeltz 1869:15 [ref. 37694]. •Valid as Chaetodon pelewensis Kner 1868 -- (Burgess 1978:719 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:226 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:224 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:220 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:226 [ref. 25919], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:17 [ref. 25829], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:297 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3247 [ref. 26117], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:317 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1293 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:529 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Fricke et al. 2019:186 [ref. 36673], Allen & Erdmann 2024:562 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon pelewensis Kner 1868. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western and southern-central Pacific: New South Wales (Australia), West Papua (Indonesia) and Papua New Guinea east to French Polynesia and Easter Island. Habitat: marine.

pelta, Chelmo Günther [A.] 1860:38 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Locality unknown. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.12.26.611[or 211]. •Synonym of Chaetodon aculeatus (Poey 1860) -- (Burgess 1978:318 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). •Synonym of Prognathodes aculeatus (Poey 1860). Current status: Synonym of Prognathodes aculeatus (Poey 1860). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

pepek, Chaetodon Montrouzier [X.] 1857:441-444 [162-166] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] On p. 162 of reprint. Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing in synonymy of 7 species; Woodlark I., South Pacific. •Treated as synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797 -- (Burgess 1978:478 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]) and in part a synonym of Chaetodon ephippium -- (Burgess 1978:598 [ref. 700]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

percatus, Chaetodon Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:711 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Carolinas, U.S.A. No types known. Family placement uncertain. Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

permutatus, Heniochus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:99 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Holotype (?): BMNH 1855.9.19.563. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:139 [ref. 20718]. •Synonym of Heniochus monoceros Cuvier 1831 -- (Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764]). •Synonym of Henichus chrysostomus Cuvier 1831 -- (Randall et al. 1990:233 [ref. 15987]). Current status: Synonym of Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

pictus, Chaetodon Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:65, xiii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [Mochhæ] Al-Mukhā, Yemen, Red Sea. No types known. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182]. •Synonym of Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Burgess 1978:587 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:176 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Chaetodon pictus Forsskål 1775 -- (Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:293 [ref. 28072], Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182], Psomadakis et al. 2015:291 [ref. 34104], Golani & Fricke 2018:110 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:460 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon pictus Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Socotra (Yemen), southern Oman and Gulf of Oman. Habitat: marine.

plebeius, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Broussonet) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:68 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] South Seas. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-9664. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:126 [ref. 20718], Bauchot 1969:135-136 [ref. 20807]. •Valid as Chaetodon plebeius Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:447 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:96 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:227 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:224 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:148 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:123 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:220 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:227 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:165 [ref. 23965], Kuiter & Debelius 1999:234 [ref. 24303], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:888 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:297 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:169 [ref. 25480], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3247 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:888 [ref. 26193], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:318 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1293 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:137 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:529 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:101 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:9 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2019:186 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:157 [ref. 36626], Moore et al. 2020:110 [ref. 37357], Allen & Erdmann 2024:562 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon plebeius Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea east to Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Fiji, north to Japan. Habitat: marine.

pleurotaenia, Heniochus Ahl [E.] 1923:26, Pl. 1 (fig. 5) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: ZMB 17746 (3), 10490 (1). Based on specimens and literature sources. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:97 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Heniochus pleurotaenia Ahl 1923 -- (Burgess 1978:262 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Pyle 2001:3263 [ref. 26117], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Randall 2005:328 [ref. 28239], Satapoomin 2009:191 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:540 [ref. 31980], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:467 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:574 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heniochus pleurotaenia Ahl 1923. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Maldives and Sri Lanka east to Andaman Sea and Java (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

polylepis, Chaetodon Bleeker [P.] 1857:54 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 2 (art. 7); ref. 356] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes (3) and/or Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1880.4.21.114 (1). •Valid as Hemitaurichthys polylepis (Bleeker 1857) -- (Burgess 1978:199 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:186 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:233 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:154 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:363 [ref. 23967], Kuiter 1997:210 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:233 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:167 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:18 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:887 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:301 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3261 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:887 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:120 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:19 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:325 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:401 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1298 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:138 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:538 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:104 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:57 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:9 [ref. 35354], Astakhov & Savinkin 2019:239 [272] [ref. 36841], Fricke et al. 2019:191 [ref. 36673], Allen & Erdmann 2024:571 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Hemitaurichthys polylepis (Bleeker 1857). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Andaman Sea and Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) east to Hawaiian Islands, northern Line Islands (Kiribati) and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

praetextatus, Chaetodon Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1138 [156], Pl. 3 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Sea of Penang, Malaysia. Holotype (?): BMNH 1860.3.19.285 (left half skin). Paratypes (?): BMNH 1860.3.19.9 (1, skin), 1860.3.19.1471 (1, skin), 1860.3.19.286 (2, left half skins). On p. 156 of separate. •Synonym of Chaetodon collare Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:522 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon collare Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

princeps, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:33 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Port Praslin, New Ireland Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-9923. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:126-127 [ref. 20718]. Not included in 1999. •Synonym of Chaetodon rafflesii Anonymous [Bennett] 1830 -- (Burgess 1978:594 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764] as rafflesi). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon rafflesii Anonymous [Bennett] 1830. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

principalis, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] 1829:190 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:133 [ref. 20718]. Available from footnote as, "Ch. principais, Renard. 2e part., lvi, 239, Valent., no. 407" ('Ikan sarasa jang variska' of Valentyn 1726:474, fig. 407 [ref. 30358]). Also in Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:81 [ref. 4881]. •Synonym of the older name Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:598 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

pulcher, Chelmo Steindachner [F.] 1875:382 [8] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 70 (1. Abth.); ref. 4219] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): Possibly Cambridge. Correct spelling for genus is Chelmon. On p. 8 of separate. •Synonym of Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett 1833 -- (Burgess 1978:602 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Fricke 1999:340 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett 1833. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

punctatofasciatus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:28 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] No locality. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-9929. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:127 [ref. 20718]. Originally as punctato-fasciatus. •Valid as Chaetodon punctatofasciatus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:716 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:185 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:227 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:224 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:123 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:220 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:227 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:165 [ref. 23965], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:892 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3248 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:892 [ref. 26193], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall 2005:317 [ref. 28239], McCosker & Stewart 2006:90 [ref. 28702], Allen et al. 2006:1293 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:137 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:529 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:101 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:55 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2019:187 [ref. 36673], Fujiwara et al. 2020:33 [ref. 38631], Allen & Erdmann 2024:563 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon punctatofasciatus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and Malaysia east to Line Islands, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan) and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

punctatolineatus, Chaetodon Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:70 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] India. Holotype: BMNH 1853.11.12.70 (skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:225 [ref. 13434]. Originally as punctato-lineatus. •Synonym of Chaetodon punctatofasciatus Cuvier 1831 -- (Wheeler 1958:225 [ref. 13434], Burgess 1978:716 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764] as punctatofasciatus). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon punctatofasciatus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

punctatus, Chaetodon Parkinson [S.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:28 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Not available, name on illustration, mentioned in account of Chaetodon citrinellus (pp. 27-28); from Tahiti, Society Is. Nomen Nudum. Chaetodontidae.

punctulatus, Chaetodon Ahl [E.] 1923:97, Pl. 2 (fig. 8) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Indo-Australian Archipelago. Syntypes: ZMB 15712 (2). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon guentheri Ahl 1923 -- (Burgess 1978:685 [ref. 700]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon guentheri Ahl 1923. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

quadrifasciatus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:229 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. Family placement uncertain. Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

quadrimaculatus, Chaetodon Gray [J. E.] 1831:33 [Zoological Miscellany [No. 1]; ref. 18153] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): BMNH 2004.10.31.3 (skin). Originally as 4-maculatus, correction mandatory. •Valid as Chaetodon quadrimaculatus Gray 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:728 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:185 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Myers 1999:165 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:17 [ref. 25829], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:890 [ref. 25182], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Pyle 2001:3248 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:890 [ref. 26193], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:318 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:397 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:285 [ref. 30952], Craig et al. 2008:159 [ref. 29754], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:55 [ref. 35333]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon quadrimaculatus Gray 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific: southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Mariana Islands and Marshall Islands, Johnston Atoll, Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands, Samoa, Society Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago, Pitcairn. Habitat: marine.

rafflesii, Chaetodon Anonymous [Bennett [E. T.]] 1830:689 [Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles; ref. 259] Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: BMNH 1852.9.12.76-77 [ex Zool. Soc.] (2). Often seen as rafflesi. On Code recommendation 51D, the anonymous author is listed in square brackets. •Valid as Chaetodon rafflesii [Bennett] 1830 as a nomen protectum over Chaetodon sebae Cuvier 1828 -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:401 [ref. 29507]). •Valid as Chaetodon rafflesii Anonymous [Bennett] 1830 -- (Burgess 1978:594 [ref. 700] as rafflesi, Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764] as rafflesi, Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441] as rafflesi, Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553] as rafflesi, Randall et al. 1990:227 [ref. 15987] as rafflesi, Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977] as rafflesi, Chen et al. 1997:123 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:214 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:227 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:165 [ref. 23965], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471] as rafflesi, Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:895 [ref. 25182] as rafflesi, Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:298 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3249 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:895 [ref. 26193] as rafflesi, Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830] as rafflesi, Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125] as rafflesi, Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:118 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624] as rafflesi, Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715] as rafflesi, Randall 2005:318 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1294 [ref. 29090], Hobbs et al. 2007:108 [ref. 29249] as rafflesi, Hobbs et al. 2008:8 [ref. 39350] as rafflesi, Satapoomin 2009:188 [ref. 30463], Hobbs et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30769] as rafflesi, Motomura et al. 2010:137 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:530 [ref. 31980] as rafflesi, Larson et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:101 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:55 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2019:187 [ref. 36673], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:460 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:563 [ref. 40796]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Chaetodon rafflesii Anonymous [Bennett] 1830. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Sri Lanka and Christmas Island (Australia) east to Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

rainfordi, Chaetodon (Chaetodon) McCulloch [A. R.] 1923:4, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 14 (no. 1); ref. 15410] Holbourne Island, off Port Dennison, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: AMS IA.273. Paratypes: AMS IA.272 (1), IA 274-77 (1, 1, 1, 1). •Valid as Chaetodon rainfordi McCulloch 1923 -- (Burgess 1978:645 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:228 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:154 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:210 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:228 [ref. 25919], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Pyle 2001:3249 [ref. 26117], Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Allen et al. 2006:1294 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:530 [ref. 31980], Allen & Erdmann 2024:563 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon rainfordi McCulloch 1923. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Great Barrier Reef/Queensland (Australia) and southern Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

reinwardtii, Chaetodon Günther [A.] 1860:23 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Molucca Islands. Holotype (unique): RMNH D474 (stuffed). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:136-137 [ref. 20718]. Unneeded new name for and objective synonym of Chaetodon melanotus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:71 [ref. 4881]. Not based on Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801. •Synonym of Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Bauchot 1963:136-137 [ref. 20718], Burgess 1978:673 [ref. 700] as reinwardti, Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764] as reinwardti). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

reticulatus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Broussonet) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:32, Pl. 171 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific; Uléa, Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9860 (1) Tahiti [Bauchot's holotype], 0000-9861 (1) South seas. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:126 [ref. 20718] and Bauchot 1969:136 [ref. 20807] as holotype and paratype. Based on Chaetodon superbus in manuscript by Broussonet (Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet , 1761-1807, French naturalist and medical doctor), and on a drawing from Ulea, probably by Kittlitz (Friedrich Heinrich Freiherr von Kittlitz, 1799-1874, German ornithologist and naturalist). •Valid as Chaetodon reticulatus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:514 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:185 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:15 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:228 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:212 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:228 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:166 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:17 [ref. 25829], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:891 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:298 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Pyle 2001:3250 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:891 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:319 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:398 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1294 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:285 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:137 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:530 [ref. 31980], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:55 [ref. 35333], Allen & Erdmann 2024:564 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon reticulatus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western and central Pacific: Indonesia and Philippines east to Hawaiian Islands, northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga, Austral Islands and Gambier Islands. Habitat: marine.

ribulorum, Chaetodon Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:376 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Spelled rivulorum (from Uruguay) in Devincenzi 1925. See Chaetodon rivulorum Larrañaga in Devincenzi 1925. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

rivulorum, Chaetodon Larrañaga [D. A.] in Devincenzi 1925:302 [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo (Serie 2) v. 1 (pt. 6); ref. 20322] Uruguay. As ribulorum in Larrañaga 1923:376 [ref. 22561]. Originally as Ch. multi-spinosus vel rivularum. Also appeared in Devincenzi 1925:302, 321; Devincenzi regarded as unidentifiable and account probably in error. Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

robustus, Chaetodon Günther [A.] 1860:18 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] No locality. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.9.19.539. •Valid as Chaetodon robustus Günther 1860 -- (Burgess 1978:731 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Maugé 1990:837 [ref. 17126], Afonso et al. 1999:76 [ref. 25466], Parenti & Randall 2000:10 [ref. 24943], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Wirtz et al. 2007:36 [ref. 30263], Wirtz et al. 2013:128 [ref. 32972], Bailly in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2670 [ref. 34618], Almeida & Alves 2019:269 [ref. 37509], Reiner 2019:229 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:299 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon robustus Günther 1860. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands, São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

rostratus, Chaetodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:273 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] In Indiis [Indonesia]. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.63 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin), NRM 54 (1, poor condition). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:224-225 [ref. 13434], Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:249-250 [ref. 20707]. •Valid as Chelmo rostratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Condé & Terver 1974:1 [ref. 37209]). •Valid as Chelmon rostratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Burgess 1978:118 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:231 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:219 [ref. 23929], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:408 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:154 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:116 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:208 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:231 [ref. 25919], Fricke 1999:341 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:740 [ref. 25471], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Nakabo 2000:886 [ref. 25182], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:102 [ref. 26368], Pyle 2001:3258 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:886 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Senou et al. 2003:2 [ref. 25052], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Allen et al. 2006:1296 [ref. 29090], Satapoomin 2009:189 [ref. 30463], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:535 [ref. 31980], Satapoomin in Kimura et al. 2018:210 [ref. 36460], Fricke et al. 2019:190 [ref. 36673], Koeda in Motomura et al. 2021:39 [ref. 38121], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:7 [ref. 40448], Allen & Erdmann 2024:569 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chelmon rostratus (Linnaeus 1758). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia). Habitat: marine.

rumsfeldi, Roa Rocha [L. A.], Pinheiro [H. T.], Wandell [M.], Rocha [C. R.] & Shepherd [B.] 2017:129, Figs. 1-2 [ZooKeys No. 709; ref. 35651] Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines, 13°31'17.68"N, 120°59'41.78"E, depth 110 meters. Holotype: PNM 15198. Additional material at CAS. •Valid as Roa rumsfeldi Rocha, Pinheiro, Wandell, Rocha & Shepherd 2017 -- (Uejo et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37307], Matsunuma & Motomura 2022:3 [ref. 38992], Allen & Erdmann 2024:576 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Roa rumsfeldi Rocha, Pinheiro, Wandell, Rocha & Shepherd 2017. Chaetodontidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines. Habitat: marine.

sanctaehelenae, Chaetodon Günther [A.] 1868:227 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868 (pt 2) (art. 4) (for 26 Mar. 1868); ref. 1991] Saint Helena Island, South Atlantic. Syntypes: BMNH 1867.10.8.29-30 (2). Additional material: ? 1868.3.11.6 (1), ? 1868.6.15.19 (1). Originally as sanctae helenae, correction mandatory. •Valid as Chaetodon sanctaehelenae Günther 1868 -- (Burgess 1978:690 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Edwards & Glass 1987:643 [ref. 9166], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Maugé 1990:838 [ref. 17126], Brito & Falcón 1996:99 [ref. 22304], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Wirtz et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33516], Bailly in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2671 [ref. 34618], Brown et al. 2019:177 [ref. 36444]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon sanctaehelenae Günther 1868. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Southern-central Atlantic: Ascension and St. Helena islands; eastern Atlantic: straying to Canary Islands and Liberia. Habitat: marine.

sebae, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:52 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] New Guinea. Holotype: MNHN 0000-9913. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:126-127 [ref. 20718]. •Synonym of Chaetodon rafflesii Anonymous [Bennett] 1830 -- (Burgess 1978:594 [ref. 700] as rafflesi, Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764] as rafflesi). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon rafflesii Anonymous [Bennett] 1830. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

sebae, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Guérin-Méneville 1828:no page number, Livraison 13 [Planches de Seba; ref. 29508] No types known. Text applies to Pl. 25 (no. 10) published in 1827. •Predates Chaetodon sebae Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831, but cannot be regarded as a junior synonym -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:399, 400 [ref. 29507]). •Senior synonym of Caranx rafflesii Anonymous [Bennett] 1830 -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:399, 400 [ref. 29507]). •Synonym of Chaetodon rafflesii Anonymous [Bennett] 1830 -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:401 [ref. 29507] invoking reversal of precedence). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon rafflesii Anonymous [Bennett] 1830. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

sebanus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Guérin-Méneville 1828:no page number, Livraison 13 [Planches de Seba; ref. 29508] No types known. Text applies to Pl. 25 (no. 11) published in 1827. Predates Chaetodon sebanus Cuvier 1831. See Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:395, 400 [ref. 29507]. •Synonym of Chaetodon auriga Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:395, 400 [ref. 29507]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon auriga Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

sebanus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:74 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Sea of the Indies; Tumor, Guam; Tongatabu; Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean; Oualau; Jakarta, Java. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9681 (3), 0000-9682 (1), 0000-9744 (1), 0000-9746 (1), 0000-9869 (1), 0000-9909 (1), 0000-9915 (3). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:128-129 [ref. 20718]. Predated by Chaetodon sebanus Cuvier in Guérin-Méneville 1827-31, Pl. 25 [ref. 29508]. •Synonym of Chaetodon auriga Forsskål 1775 -- (Burgess 1978:582 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Fricke 1999:327 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:447 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon auriga Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

sedentarius, Chaetodon Poey [F.] 1860:203 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 16198 (2), USNM 153580 [ex MCZ 16198] (1), ZMB 5949 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:205 [ref. 22926] with largest specimen in MCZ 16198 as holotype. •Valid as Chaetodon sedentarius Poey 1860 -- (Burgess 1978:692 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:386 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:193 [ref. 23100], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Boschung 1992:149 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:336 [ref. 24474], Santos et al. 1997:128 [ref. 23531], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:275 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:163 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Collette et al. 2003:111 [ref. 26784], Burgess 2003:1668 [ref. 27101], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:90 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:149 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:464 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:59 [ref. 33341], Pinheiro et al. 2015:21 [ref. 34324], Robertson et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34961], Carneiro et al. 2019:278 [ref. 37250], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:547 [ref. 38945], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:77 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:188 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Page et al. 2023:162 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon sedentarius Poey 1860. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; northeastern Atlantic: Azores. Habitat: marine.

selene, Chaetodon Bleeker [P.] 1853:76 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 16911] Lawajong, Solor Island, Indonesia. Syntypes: (4). •Valid as Chaetodon selene Bleeker 1853 -- (Burgess 1978:625 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:184 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Randall 1995:249 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:893 [ref. 25182], Pyle 2001:3250 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:893 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:531 [ref. 31980], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:229 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:564 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon selene Bleeker 1853. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Java (Indonesia) east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

semeion, Chaetodon Bleeker [P.] 1855:450 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 16841] Cocos-Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean. Syntypes: (2). •Valid as Chaetodon semeion Bleeker 1855 -- (Burgess 1978:618 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:184 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:228 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977] as semion, Kuiter 1997:214 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:228 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:166 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268] as semion, Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:889 [ref. 25182], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3251 [ref. 26117] as semion, Nakabo 2002:889 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:319 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:398 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1294 [ref. 29090], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:531 [ref. 31980] as semion, Fricke et al. 2014:101 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:55 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2019:187 [ref. 36673], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:460 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:564 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon semeion Bleeker 1855. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Sri Lanka, Christmas Island (Australia) and Cocos Keeling Islands (Australia) east to Line Islands (Kiribati) and Tuamotu Islands (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Great Barrier Reef/Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

semilarvatus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:39 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea; Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9772 (1) Red Sea, ZMB 1235 (2) Massawa. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:129 [ref. 20718] as holotype and paratypes. •Valid as Chaetodon semilarvatus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:554 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:176 [ref. 29757], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:251 [ref. 22896], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Golani & Fricke 2018:110 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:461 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon semilarvatus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Socotra (Yemen), southern Oman. Habitat: marine.

semilunaris, Roa Matsunuma [M.] & Motomura [H.] 2022:3, Figs. 1g, 2a-d, 3a, 4c, 7b [Journal of Fish Biology v. 100 (no. 3); ref. 38992] Saya de Malha Bank, Mascarene Ridge, 10°57'00"S, 61°05'24"E, depth 123 meters. Holotype: NSMT P117112. Paratypes: (5) KAUM-I, NSMT. •Valid as Roa semilunaris Matsunuma & Motomura 2022. Current status: Valid as Roa semilunaris Matsunuma & Motomura 2022. Chaetodontidae. Distribution: Soutwestern Indian Ocean: Mascarene Ridge. Habitat: marine.

semipunctatus, Chaetodon citrinellus var. Ahl [E.] 1923:104 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] Indo-Pacific. ZMB (not found). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:697 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

setifer, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] 1795:101, Pl. 426 (fig. 1) [not Pl. 425] [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 9; ref. 464] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1264. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:60 [ref. 24282]. On p. 99 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 12 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Chaetodon auriga Forsskål 1775 -- (Burgess 1978:581 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Fricke 1999:326 [ref. 24106], Mundy 2005:393 [ref. 28379], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:447 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon auriga Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

sinensis, Chaetodon Forster [J. R.] 1795:15 [Zoologia Indica, sistens descriptiones animalium selectorum; ref. 18091] India. Name only. Based on Bloch (1790, ref. 469, pl. 218). Family placement uncertain. Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. Nomen Nudum. Chaetodontidae.

singularius, Heniochus Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] 1911:321, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 40 (no. 1822); ref. 10246] Alibijaban, Ragay Gulf, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 67354. Additional material: many localities. First author is H. M. Smith. •Valid as Heniochus singularius Smith & Radcliffe 1911 -- (Burgess 1978:255 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:186 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553] as singularis, Randall et al. 1990:234 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:117 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:224 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:234 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:168 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:885 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:303 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3264 [ref. 26117] as singularis, Nakabo 2002:885 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:19 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:328 [ref. 28239] as singularus, Randall et al. 2005:125 [ref. 28745], Allen et al. 2006:1300 [ref. 29090], Satapoomin 2009:191 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:139 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:540 [ref. 31980], Koeda et al. 2016:58 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2019:192 [ref. 36673], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 22 [ref. 38321], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:231 [ref. 41223], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:467 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:574 [ref. 40796], Kumar et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41064]). Current status: Valid as Heniochus singularius Smith & Radcliffe 1911. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Chagos Archipelago, Maldives, India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh east to Micronesia and Samoa, north to Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

smithi, Chaetodon Randall [J. E.] 1975:13, Pl. 2 (figs. 1-2) [Uo (Japanese Society of Ichthyologists) No. 25; ref. 7464] Off Young's Rock, Pitcairn Island, southern Pacific, depth 9 meters. Holotype: BPBM 13220. Paratypes: AMNH 32455-56 (4, 4); AMS I.17916-001 (1); BMNH 1975.8.13.2 (1); BPBM 13058 (2), 13216-18 (1, 1, 1), 13221 (1); CAS 33466 (1); MNHN 1975-0696 (1); USNM 214673 (1). •Valid as Chaetodon smithi Randall 1975 -- (Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall 1999:17 [ref. 25829], Pyle 2001:3251 [ref. 26117], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Randall 2005:320 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon smithi Randall 1975. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Central Pacific. Habitat: marine.

speculum, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:73 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH D498 (dry). Paralectotypes: RMNH D497 (1, dry), D500 (1, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:1367 [ref. 20718]. Lectotype established in Bauchot 1963:137 [ref. 20718]. •Valid as Chaetodon speculum Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:454 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:229 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:406 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:124 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:212 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:229 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:166 [ref. 23965], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:890 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:298 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:169 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:102 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3252 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:890 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:320 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1294 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:137 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:531 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:102 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:56 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2019:188 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:157 [ref. 36626], Lee et al. 2021:375 [ref. 38845], Allen & Erdmann 2024:565 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon speculum Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Andaman Sea and Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) east to Palau, Yap, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Korea, Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

sphenospilus, Chaetodon Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:395, Fig. 8 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 (1899); ref. 2340] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: ? CAS-SU 23322 (10); USNM 49705 (4), ?50704 (1). Holotype established in caption to Fig. 8 if specimen is identifiable. •Synonym of Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:637 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Mundy 2005:399 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

spilopleura, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Reinwardt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:74 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Molucca Islands, Indonesia. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:133 [ref. 20718]. Based on a Reinwardt figure. •Synonym of Chaetodon speculum Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:454 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon speculum Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

stellatus, Chaetodon Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:195 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Name mentioned in text, not available. Nomen Nudum. Chaetodontidae.

striatus, Chaetodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:275 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] "Indii". Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.67 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin), NRM 61 (1), ZMUU 50 (1, half-skin). Type catalog: Lönnberg 1896:22 [ref. 23530], Wheeler 1958:225 [ref. 13434], Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:249 [ref. 20707], Wheeler 1991:175, Fig. 14 [ref. 20102]. Rosenthal (1812-1825) 1821:12-13 [ref. 19804] gives a description of the species and illustrates a skeleton on Pl. 13 (fig. 2), but this clearly represents a scatophagid -- see Parenti 2004:3 [ref. 27605]. Based on the 'Chaetodon macrolepidotus, lineis utrinque tribus' of Artedi 1738: 95 [ref. 30529]; the 'Labrus rostro reflexo, fasciis lateralibus tribus fuscis' of Linnaeus 1749:313 [ref. 38023], which was based on the 'Iaguacaquare' of Markgraf von Liebstad 1648:156 [ref. 30347] from Brazil; the 'Chaetodon rostro longo osseo, microlepidotus, albo flavescens...' of Gronow 1754:49 [ref. 20783], which was based on the 'Ikan Batoe Barista' of Valentyn 1726:427 [ref. 30358] from Ambon (Indonesia); the 'Chaetodon flavescens, fasciis quinque fuscis' of Linnaeus 1754:62, Pl. 33, fig. 7 [ref. 31115]. •Valid as Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Burgess 1978:661 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Robins & Ray 1986:193 [ref. 23100], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Maugé 1990:839 [ref. 17126], Boschung 1992:149 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:338 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:275 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:163 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1645 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Collette et al. 2003:111 [ref. 26784], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Burgess 2003:1669 [ref. 27101], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:90 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:39 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:149 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:466 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Batista et al. 2012:587 [ref. 41405], Page et al. 2013:154 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:59 [ref. 33341], Pinheiro et al. 2015:21 [ref. 34324], Bailly in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2668 [ref. 34618], Spier et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36103], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:548 [ref. 38945], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:77 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:188 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Page et al. 2023:162 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Jersey south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and Rocas Atoll (Brazil); western-central Atlantic: Saint Paul's Rocks. Habitat: marine.

striatus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Guérin-Méneville 1828:no page number, Livraison 13 [Planches de Seba; ref. 29508] No types known. Text applies to Pl. 25 (no. 9) published in 1827. See Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:395, 400 [ref. 29507]. •Not available, homonym and synonym of Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:395, 400 [ref. 29507]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

strigangulus, Chaetodon Lay [G. T.] & Bennett [E. T.] (ex Solander) 1839:60, Pl. 17 (fig. 2) [The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage; ref. 2730] Tahiti, Society Islands. Lectotype: whereabouts unknown. Description independent of Chaetodon strigangulus Cuvier 1831. Lectotype selected by Fricke 1999:336 [ref. 24106] as the fish shown in the original illustration (Pl. 17, fig. 2) thereby restricting the type locality to Tahiti, Society Islands. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Chaetodon strigangulus Cuvier 1831. •Synonym of Megaprotodon trifascialis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) based on placement of C. strigangulus Cuvier. •Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Fricke 1999:336 [ref. 24106], Randall 2005:321 [ref. 28239]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

strigangulus, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Solander) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:42, Pl. 172 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Tahiti, Society Islands. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-9680. Paralectotypes: RMNH D469 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:130 [ref. 20718], Bauchot 1969:135 [ref. 20807]. Also appeared as new in Lay & Bennett 1839:60, pl. 17, fig. 2 [ref. 2730]. Lectotype selected by Bauchot 1963:126 [ref. 20718]. •Synonym of Megaprotodon trifascialis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Dor 1984:178 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Burgess 1978:418 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764] with author as Gmelin 1789, Mundy 2005:399 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:286 [ref. 30952], Golani & Fricke 2018:110 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

superbus, Chaetodon Lesson [R. P.] (ex Broussonet) 1831:178 [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Not available, Broussonet manuscript name mentioned in passing under Chaetodon reticulatus; also in synonymy in other works. •In the synonymy of Chaetodon reticulatus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:514 [ref. 700]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon reticulatus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

superbus, Chaetodon Broussonet [P. M. A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:32 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Otaïti [Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific]. No types preserved. Name mentioned in passing in account of Chaetodon reticulatus Cuvier 1831. •In the synonymy of Chaetodon reticulatus Cuvier 1831 -- (Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon reticulatus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

tabak, Chaetodon Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Forsskål) 1792:421 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. No types known. Holotype figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 31 [ref. 20847] as Chaetodon fasciatus. Unnecessary replacement name for Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775. Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. . •Synonym of Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775 -- (Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

tallii, Chaetodon Bleeker [P.] 1854:97 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 16924] Banda Neira, Banda Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier 1831 -- (Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

taunayi, Eteira Kaup [J. J.] 1860:148 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 26 (pt. 1); ref. 2583] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. No types known. •Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Burgess 1978:418 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

taunigrum, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:38 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Holotype: MNHN A-0277. Originally as tau-nigrum, correction mandatory. Type information: Bauchot 1963:124, 130 [ref. 20718]. •Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797 -- (Burgess 1978:478 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). •Objective synonym of Chaetodon lunulatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Mundy 2005:396 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

taurichthys, Chaetodon (Heniochus) Swainson [W.] 1839:211 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Cuvier Pl. 181 -- which is Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:Pl. 181 [ref. 4481]. Unneeded new name for Taurichthys varius Cuvier. •Synonym of Heniochus varius (Cuvier 1829). Current status: Synonym of Heniochus varius (Cuvier 1829). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

tearlachi, Chaetodon Curtiss [A.] 1938:117 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. •Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Burgess 1978:418 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

teatae, Chaetodon Curtiss [A.] 1938:119 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. See also Curtiss 1944:15 [ref. 12574]. •Synonym of Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:234 [ref. 700]). Current status: Synonym of Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

thompsoni, Hemitaurichthys Fowler [H. W.] 1923:384 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 8 (no. 7); ref. 1398] Honolulu market, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: BPBM 3390. •Valid as Hemitaurichthys thompsoni Fowler 1923 -- (Burgess 1978:206 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Senou et al. 1997:2 [ref. 24368], Myers 1999:167 [ref. 23965], Nakabo 2000:887 [ref. 25182], Pyle 2001:3233 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:887 [ref. 26193], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall 2005:325 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:401 [ref. 28379], Randall et al. 2005:125 [ref. 28745], Randall 2007:286, 290 [ref. 30952], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988]). Current status: Valid as Hemitaurichthys thompsoni Fowler 1923. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific, antiequatorial: Ogasawara Islands, Mariana Islands, Johnston Atoll, Hawaiian Islands; Samoa, Tokelau Islands, Marquesas Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago. Habitat: marine.

tinkeri, Chaetodon Schultz [L. P.] 1951:485, Pl. 15 (fig. A) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 101 (no. 3285); ref. 10147] Off Nanakuli, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands, depth 15 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 111976. Paratypes: USNM 111977 (2). •Valid as Chaetodon tinkeri Schultz 1951 -- (Burgess 1978:370 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Yamakawa & Tameka in Okamura et al. 1982:250 [ref. 8256], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Myers 1999:166 [ref. 23965], Pyle 2001:3252 [ref. 26117], Randall et al. 2002:158 [ref. 26192], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Randall 2005:320 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:398 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:286 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon tinkeri Schultz 1951. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Marshall Islands, Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

townleyi, Chaetodon De Vis [C. W.] 1884:454 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4898] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. No types known. •Synonym of Parachaetodon ocellatus (Cuvier 1831) -- (Burgess 1978:278 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Allen et al. 2006:1300 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Parachaetodon ocellatus (Cuvier 1831). Chaetodontidae. Habitat: marine.

triangularis, Chaetodon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:42, Pl. 9 (fig. 3) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype: SMF 1642. •Synonym of Megaprotodon trifascialis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Dor 1984:177 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Burgess 1978:418 [ref. 700], Golani & Fricke 2018:110 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

triangulum, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:44 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 1135. Paralectotypes: RMNH D487 (1, stuffed). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:138 [ref. 20718]. Lectotype established in Bauchot 1963:138 [ref. 20718]. •Valid as Chaetodon triangulum Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:427 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:221 [ref. 15987], Chen et al. 1997:124 [ref. 26476], Pyle 2001:3232 [ref. 26117], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Randall 2005:310 [ref. 28239], Satapoomin 2009:188 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:532 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2018:238 [ref. 35805], Psomadakis et al. 2020:512 [ref. 37272], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:461 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:565 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon triangulum Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: East Africa and Madagascar east to Andaman Sea and Java (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

triangulum, Chaetodon Reinhardt [J. C. H.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:42 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Not available, name mentioned in passing in account of Chaetodon strigangulus Cuvier 1831; from Moluccas. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Unknown. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

trichrous, Chaetodon Günther [A.] 1874:40, Pl. 36 (fig. A) [Andrew Garrett's Fische der Südsee Bd 1 (Heft 2); ref. 14190] Society Islands. •Valid as Chaetodon trichrous Günther 1874 -- (Burgess 1978:703 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Pyle 2001:3253 [ref. 26117], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Randall 2005:321 [ref. 28239], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon trichrous Günther 1874. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Southern-central Pacific. Habitat: marine.

tricinctus, Chaetodon Waite [E. R.] 1901:45, Fig. 12 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 14772] Lord Howe Island, 31°33'S, 159°05'E, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): AMS I.3306. •Valid as Chaetodon tricinctus Waite 1901 -- (Burgess 1978:648 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Kuiter 1993:218 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Kuiter 1997:210 [ref. 25488], Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Allen et al. 2006:1295 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon tricinctus Waite 1901. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

tricinctus, Chelmo Castelnau [F. L.] 1875:14 [Official Record, containing Introduction, Catalogues, Official Awards of the Commissioners, Report and Recommendations of the Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria.; ref. 768] Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-0698. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:138 [ref. 20718]. •Synonym of Chelmon marginalis Richardson 1842 -- (Burgess 1978:126 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Larson & Williams 1997:362 [ref. 23967], Allen et al. 2006:1296 [ref. 29090], Larson et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Synonym of Chelmon marginalis Richardson 1842. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

trifascialis, Chaetodon Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:379, Pl. 62 (fig. 5) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-9908. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:130-131 [ref. 20718]. •Valid as Megaprotodon trifascialis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Dor 1984:177 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:48 [ref. 25356]). •Valid as Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Burgess 1978:418 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:630 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:43 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:229 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Randall 1995:252 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:124 [ref. 26476] dated 1824, Kuiter 1997:222 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:229 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:166 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:336 [ref. 24106], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:888 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:298 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:170 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3253 [ref. 26117] dated 1824, Nakabo 2002:888 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:118 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:292 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:321 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:398 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1295 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:286 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:73 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:188 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:138 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:102 [ref. 39915], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:532 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:102 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:56 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:9 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:238 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:110 [ref. 36273], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:153 [ref. 40104], Fricke et al. 2019:188 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Koeda in Motomura et al. 2021:39 [ref. 38121], Fujiwara et al. 2022:91 [ref. 39094], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:229 [ref. 41223], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:461 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:565 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:69 [ref. 41255]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Aliwal Shoal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), northern Line Islands (Kiribati) and Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island (Australia) and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

trifasciatus, Chaetodon Park [M.] 1797:34 [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London v. 3 (art. 9); ref. 17801] Habitat in Sumatræ littore [Bengkulu Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, eastern Indian Ocean]. Syntypes: BMNH 1863.11.12.4 (1, dry, right half skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1974:474 [ref. 31545]. Author often seen as Mungo Park. Chaetodon trifasciatus Walbaum 1793 is senior homonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797 but also is a nomen oblitum. Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797 is here treated as a nomen protectum. •Valid as Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797, subspecies trifasciatus -- (Winterbottom et al. 1989:43 [ref. 13251]). •Valid as Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797 -- (Burgess 1978:478 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:630 [ref. 5660], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:229 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Kuiter 1995:105 [ref. 22918], Randall 1995:248 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:407 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:125 [ref. 26476] with author as Mungo Park, Randall et al. 1997:229 [ref. 25919], Fricke 1999:336 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:171 [ref. 25480], Pyle 2001:3254 [ref. 26117], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:315 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1291 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2009:73 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:189 [ref. 30463], Hobbs et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30769], Caratini & Soriano 2011:94 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:532 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:238 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:154 [ref. 40104], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:461 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:566 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:69 [ref. 41255], Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Cocos-Keeling Islands (Australia), Christmas Island (Australia), Sumatra and Java (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

trifasciatus, Chaetodon Walbaum [J. J.] 1793:86 [J. T. Kleinii ichthyologia enodata; ref. 12604] Chaetodon trifasciatus Walbaum 1793 is senior homonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797 but is here treated as a nomen oblitum. Name also appeared in Suckow 1799:374 [ref. 18858]. •In the synonymy of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

trivirgatus, Anisochaetodon (Lepidochaeton) Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1936:101, Fig. 27 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 7; ref. 4606] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia [erroneous]. Holotype (unique): ZMA 113095. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:84 [ref. 19236]. Spelling of subgenus should have been Lepidochaetodon. •Synonym of Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Burgess 1978:662 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

trochilus, Chelmo Günther [A.] 1874:368 [2] [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 14 (no. 83) (art. 47); ref. 2006] New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1869.6.7.4. •Synonym of Chelmonops truncatus (Kner 1859) -- (Burgess 1978:143 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Allen et al. 2006:1297 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Chelmonops truncatus (Kner 1859). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

truncatus, Chaetodon Kner [R.] 1859:442 [8], Pl. 2 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 34; ref. 18424] Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): NMW 90681. On p. 8 of separate. •Valid as Chelmonops truncatus (Kner 1859) -- (Burgess 1978:143 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553] as trucatus, Kuiter 1993:218 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:627 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:206 [ref. 25488], Johnson 1999:740 [ref. 25471], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Allen et al. 2006:1297 [ref. 29090], Allen & Gomon 2008:609 [ref. 30653]). Current status: Valid as Chelmonops truncatus (Kner 1859). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Queensland and New South Wales (Australia). Habitat: marine.

uejoi, Roa Matsunuma [M.] & Motomura [H.] 2022:8, Figs. 1h, 3b, 4a, 6a-c [Journal of Fish Biology v. 100 (no. 3); ref. 38992] Off Tarague Beach, Guam, Mariana Islands, depth about 172 meters. Holotype: BPBM 11600. Paratypes: BPBM 41389 (1, ex BPBM 11600), KAUM-I 161782 (1, ex BPBM 11600). •Valid as Roa uejoi Matsunuma & Motomura 2022. Current status: Valid as Roa uejoi Matsunuma & Motomura 2022. Chaetodontidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Guam, Mariana Islands (U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

ulietensis, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:39 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Raiatea, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:134 [ref. 20718]. Based on a Parkinson drawing. •Valid as Chaetodon ulietensis Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:606 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:184 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:230 [ref. 15987], Randall et al. 1993:231 [ref. 21003], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Francis & Randall 1993:122 [ref. 20996], Kuiter 1993:220 [ref. 23929], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:407 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:125 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:216 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:230 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:166 [ref. 23965], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:18 [ref. 25829], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:894 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:299 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3254 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:894 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:119 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:322 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:399 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:287 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:138 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:533 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:102 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:56 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:9 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2019:189 [ref. 36673], Allen & Erdmann 2024:566 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon ulietensis Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western and central Pacific: Andaman Sea east to Wake Atoll, Marshall Islands and Ducie (Pitcairn Group), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga, waifs reaching Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

unicolor, Chaetodon Sauvage [H.-E.] 1880:222 [12] [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 4; ref. 3888] Martinique Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-0297. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:131 [ref. 20718]. On p. 12 of separate. •Synonym of Chaetodon aculeatus (Poey 1860) -- (Burgess 1978:318 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). •Synonym of Prognathodes aculeatus (Poey 1860). Current status: Synonym of Prognathodes aculeatus (Poey 1860). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

unifasciatus, Chaetodon Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:69 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Indian Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.69 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin, poor condition). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:226 [ref. 13434] but as holotype. •Identified as Chaetodon sp. -- (Wheeler 1958:226 [ref. 13434]). Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

unifasciatus, Chaetodon van Hasselt [J. C.] in Bleeker 1877:63 [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 17 (art. 2); ref. 17112] Not available, name mentioned in passing in the synonymy of Tetragonoptrus speculum (Cuvier 1831) = Chaetodon speculum Cuvier 1831. Nomen Nudum. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

uniformis, Chaetodon sanctaehelenae var. Ahl [E.] 1923:93 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin (N.F.) v. 89 Abt. A, Heft 5; ref. 5113] St. Helena Island, South Atlantic (15°58'S, 5°43'W). ?BMNH. Originally sanctae helenae as 2 words, correction mandatory. Types mentioned by Paepke 1995:97 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetodon sanctaehelenae Günther 1868 -- (Burgess 1978:690 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Maugé 1990:838 [ref. 17126]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon sanctaehelenae Günther 1868. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

unimaculatus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] 1787:75, Pl. 201 (fig. 1) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] East Indies [Indonesia]. Syntypes: ZMB 1256-1257 (1, 1). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:60-61 [ref. 24282]. On p. 54 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 6 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:637 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:630 [ref. 5660], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:230 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:224 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:125 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:214 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:230 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:166 [ref. 23965], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:18 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:890 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:299 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:15 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3255 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:890 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:119 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:72 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:288 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:322 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:399 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1295 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:287 [ref. 30952], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:138 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:98 [ref. 39915], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:533 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:102 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:9 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2019:189 [ref. 36673], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326], Allen & Erdmann 2024:566 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island and Cocos-Keeling Islands (Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Hawaiian Islands, northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Austral Islands; eastern Pacific: Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

vagabundus, Chaetodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:276 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Indies (probably Indonesia). No types known. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:339 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Burgess 1978:587 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:176 [ref. 29757], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:184 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:630 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:43 [ref. 13251], Kuiter 1993:221 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:48 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:252 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:126 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:214 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:518 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:167 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:338 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:892 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:300 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:172 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Sakai et al. 2001:102 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841] as vababundus, Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3255 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:892 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:19 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:292 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:323 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:400 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1295 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2009:73 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:189 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:138 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:103 [ref. 39915], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:533 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:102 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:57 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:9 [ref. 35354], Motomura et al. 2017:168 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:239 [ref. 35805], Arndt & Fricke 2019:14 [ref. 36883], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:153 [ref. 40104], Eagderi et al. 2019:54 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:189 [ref. 36673], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 22 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:141 [ref. 39118], Lee & Kim 2021:129 [ref. 39736], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:462 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:567 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:69 [ref. 41255], Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947], Sakurai et al. 2024:78 [ref. 41426]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus 1758. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marshall Islands, northern Line Islands (Kiribati) and Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to southern Korea and Miyagi Prefecture (Japan), south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island (Australia), New Caledonia and Austral Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

variegatus, Chetodon Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Forsskål) 1788:88 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype: ZMUC P2400 (dry skin). Based on Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775:59 [ref. 1351]. Holotype figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 31 [ref. 20847] for Chaetodon fasciatus. Unnecessary replacement name for Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775. Objective synonym of Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775 (see Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182]). •Objective synonym of Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775 -- (Fricke 2008:44 [ref. 30182]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon fasciatus Forsskål 1775. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

varius, Taurichthys Cuvier [G.] 1829:192 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Neotype: MNHN A-0270. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:149 [ref. 20718]. Available as, "...Taurichthys varius, N., très bien rendu, Renard, I, xxx, 164, Valent., no. 71" ('Ikan karbauw hitam manis' of Valentyn 1726:369, fig. 71 [ref. 30358]). See also Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:148, pl. 181 [ref. 1000]. Neotype (as Néo-Holotype, also a Néo-Paratype) designated by Bauchot 1963:149 [ref. 20718]. •Valid as Heniochus varius (Cuvier 1829) -- (Burgess 1978:266 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:186 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:98 [ref. 25477], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Randall et al. 1990:235 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:150 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:224 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:235 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:169 [ref. 23965], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:884 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:303 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3264 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:884 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:120 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:19 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:328 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1300 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:139 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1003 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:541 [ref. 31980], Koeda et al. 2016:58 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2019:193 [ref. 36673], Allen & Erdmann 2024:574 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heniochus varius (Cuvier 1829). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Andaman Sea and Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) east to Micronesia and Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

vinctus, Chaetodon Lay [G. T.] & Bennett [E. T.] 1839:62, Pl. 17 (fig. 1) [The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage; ref. 2730] South Pacific. Holotype: not preserved. Based on a drawing by Mr. Smyth. Evidently from Tuamotu Is., not Byam Martin I., Northwest Territories, Canada. •Synonym of Chaetodon bennetti Cuvier 1831 -- (Burgess 1978:467 [ref. 700]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon bennetti Cuvier 1831. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

virescens, Chaetodon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:30 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Timor Island, southern Malay Archipelago; Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9694 (1), A-0106 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:131 [ref. 20718]. •Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790 -- (Burgess 1978:699 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Fricke 1999:330 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon kleinii Bloch 1790. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

viridis, Chaetodon Bleeker [P.] 1845:520 [Natuur-en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neȇrlandsch Indië v. 2 (3); ref. 312] Not available, no distinguishing features; from Batavia, Java. •In the synonymy of Chaetodon collare Bloch 1787 -- (Burgess 1978:522 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon collare Bloch 1787. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

viridis, Taurichthys Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:151 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:149 [ref. 20718]. Based on drawings. •Synonym of Heniochus varius (Cuvier 1829) -- (Burgess 1978:266 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Heniochus varius (Cuvier 1829). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Habitat: marine.

vittatus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:227 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ?BMNH uncat. (skin). Based on Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. •Synonym of Chaetodon austriacus Rüppell 1836 -- (Dor 1984:173 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797 -- (Burgess 1978:478 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:160 [ref. 22764]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifasciatus Park 1797. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

vitulus, Chaetodon Whitley [G. P.] 1957:63, Fig. 8 [Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales v. for 1955-56; ref. 4727] Jervis Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: AMS IB.3655. Paratypes: AMS IB.3656-57 (2). •Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. •Synonym of Chaetodon guentheri Ahl 1923 Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon guentheri Ahl 1923. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

wanai, Forcipiger Allen [G. R.], Erdmann [M. V.] & Jones Sbrocco [J.] in Allen & Erdmann 2012:1122, Figs. 1-2 [Reef fishes of the East Indies.; ref. 31980] Numamuran Strait, 2°27.178'S, 134°31.832'E, Cenderawasih Bay, West Papua Province, Indonesia, depth 10-20 meter. Holotype: MZB 20577. Paratypes: BPBM 41049 (1), MZB 20586 (3), USNM 400000 (1), WAM P.33049-004 (3). •Valid as Forcipiger wanai Allen, Erdmann & Jones Sbrocco 2012 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:537 [ref. 31980], Allen & Erdmann 2024:571 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Forcipiger wanai Allen, Erdmann & Jones Sbrocco 2012. Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Cenderawasih Bay, West Papua (Indonesia) endemic. Habitat: marine.

wiebeli, Chaetodon Kaup [J. J.] 1863:127 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 1; ref. 18376] Canton, China. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.12.12.7 (1). •Valid as Chaetodon wiebeli Kaup 1863 -- (Burgess 1978:538 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:159 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:184 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Chen et al. 1997:126 [ref. 26476] dated 1860, Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:895 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:172 [ref. 25480], Pyle 2001:3256 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:895 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:352, 624 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830] as weibli, Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Motomura et al. 2010:138 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:534 [ref. 31980], Motomura et al. 2015:24 [ref. 34709], Nakae in Kimura et al. 2018:209 [ref. 36460], Kim et al. 2020:141 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:78 [ref. 37637], Allen & Erdmann 2024:567 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon wiebeli Kaup 1863. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Java (Indonesia), Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, China and Taiwan, north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan). Habitat: marine.

wilderi, Roaops declivis Pyle [R. L.] 1988:56, Fig. 1 [Freshwater and Marine Aquarium v. 11 (no. 9); ref. 6613] Northwestern side of Christmas [Kiritimati] Island, 0.25 miles southwest of North London Resettlement Area, Line Islands, Pacific. Holotype: BPBM 31936. Paratypes: AMS I.27263-001 (1); BPBM 31892 (1), 31961 (1), 31963 (4); CAS 62451 (4); MNHN 1988-0256 (1); USNM 291692 (4). •Synonym of Chaetodon declivis Randall 1975, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Randall 2005:312 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon declivis Randall 1975. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae.

xanthocephalus, Chaetodon Bennett [E. T.] 1833:182 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1832 (pt 2); ref. 16789] Ceylon [Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1852.9.13.157. •Valid as Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett 1833 -- (Burgess 1978:602 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Heemstra 1986:630 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:43 [ref. 13251], Fricke 1999:340 [ref. 24106], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Fricke et al. 2009:73 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:534 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:239 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:154 [ref. 40104], Psomadakis et al. 2020:512 [ref. 37272], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:462 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:567 [ref. 40796], Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett 1833. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia), Seychelles, Comoros, Mozambique Channel, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Riodrigues) east to Thailand and western Sumatra (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

xanthurus, Chaetodon Bleeker [P.] 1857:53 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 2 (art. 7); ref. 356] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: (4). •Valid as Chaetodon xanthurus Bleeker 1857 -- (Burgess 1978:406 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:161 [ref. 22764], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:183 [ref. 6441], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:167 [ref. 23965], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:624 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:896 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:173 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Pyle 2001:3256 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:896 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125], Motomura et al. 2010:138 [ref. 31256], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:534 [ref. 31980], Allen & Erdmann 2024:568 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon xanthurus Bleeker 1857. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Java (Indonesia) east to West Papua (Indonesia) north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan). Habitat: marine.

zanzibarensis, Chaetodon Playfair [R. L.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:33, Pl. 6 (fig. 1) [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): ?BMNH 1868.5.30.110. Original spelling was zanzibarensis and that spelling should be used. •Valid as Chaetodon zanzibarensis Playfair 1867 -- (Burgess 1978:462 [ref. 700] as zanzibariensis, Allen 1980:162 [ref. 22764] as zanzibariensis, Heemstra 1986:630 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:14 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:43 [ref. 13251], Fricke 1999:340 [ref. 24106], Kuiter & Debelius 1999:234 [ref. 24303] as zanzibariensis, Smith et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27125] as zanzibariensis, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Fricke et al. 2009:73 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:239 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:156 [ref. 40104], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:463 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon zanzibarensis Playfair 1867. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra, Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Chagos Archipelago. Habitat: marine.

zebra, Chaetodon Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:458, 489 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] East Indies; America. Not treated by Burgess 1978 [ref. 700] in Chaetodontidae. •Synonym of Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (P. Parenti, pers. comm., 10/17/03). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

zoster, Chaetodon Bennett [E. T.] 1831:61 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 19795] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:342 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Hemitaurichthys zoster (Bennett 1831) -- (Burgess 1978:195 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:163 [ref. 22764], Heemstra 1986:631 [ref. 5660], Winterbottom et al. 1989:43 [ref. 13251], Blum 1989:12 [ref. 37553], Randall 1995:252 [ref. 22896], Chen et al. 1997:117 [ref. 26476], Randall & Kunzmann 1998:482 [ref. 23919], Myers 1999:167 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:342 [ref. 24106], Allen & Adrim 2003:43 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:302 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:294 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:325 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:289 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:73 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:190 [ref. 30463], Caratini & Soriano 2011:100 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:538 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2018:240 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:157 [ref. 40104], Zajonz et al. 2019:84 [ref. 36871], Durville et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38802], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:464 [ref. 39746], Allen & Erdmann 2024:571 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Hemitaurichthys zoster (Bennett 1831). Chaetodontidae: Heniochinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Aliwal Shoal and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Andaman Sea, western Sumatra and southwestern Java (Indonesia), north to India, south to 28°S. Habitat: marine.