Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Congridae: [ 385 ] records

acus, Atopichthys Garman [S.] 1899:332, Pl. 66 (figs. 5-5a) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Off Colombia, 4°56'N, 80°52'30"W, Albatross station 3381, depth 1772 fathoms. Holotype (unique): MCZ 28425. •Synonym of Ariosoma gilberti (Ogilby 1898) -- (Raju 1985:3 [ref. 5287]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma gilberti (Ogilby 1898). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

acuta, Ophisoma Swainson [W.] 1839:396 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454], Zhang et al. 2010:193 [ref. 31511] with year as 1838). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

acuticaudatus, Leptocephalus Kaup [J. J.] 1857:151, Pl. 18 (fig. 16) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Malabar, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-6323 (2). Type catalog: Bertin 1935:100 [ref. 21550], Bauchot et al. 1993:120 [ref. 20810]. Congridae. Habitat: marine.

adenensis, Bathycongrellus Klausewitz [W.] 1991:385 [Fauna of Saudi Arabia v. 12; ref. 20886] Gulf of Aden, 13°06.6'N, 47°54.0'E to 13°06.8'N, 47°52.1'E, depth 2227-2250 meters. Holotype (unique): SMF 24533. •In genus Promyllantor -- (Castle 1995:715 [ref. 22123]). •Valid as Promyllantor adenensis (Klausewitz 1991) -- (Karmovskaya 2004:S22 [ref. 28053], Karmovskaya 2006:566 [ref. 29417], Fricke et al. 2011:354 [ref. 31242]). Current status: Valid as Promyllantor adenensis (Klausewitz 1991). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean; southwestern Pacific: Off Lord Howe Seamount chain [wider distribution expected]. Habitat: marine.

aequorea, Congermuraena Gilbert [C. H.] & Cramer [F.] 1897:405, Pl. 37 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 19 (no. 1114); ref. 1635] Kaiwi Channel, Hawaiian Islands, 21°12'00"N, 157°38'30"W, Albatross station 3474, depth 375 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 47696. Paratypes: CAS-SU 4918 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:48 [ref. 12291], Smith 1994:6 [ref. 21917]. Spelled arquorea on Pl. 37. •Valid as Rhechias aequorea (Gilbert & Cramer 1897) -- (Smith 1989:533 [ref. 13285]). •Synonym of Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther 1887) -- (Ben-Tuvia 1993:360 [ref. 21130]). •Valid as Bathycongrus aequorea [sic] (Gilbert & Cramer 1897) -- (Mundy 2005:140 [ref. 28379]). •Valid as Bathycongrus aequoreus (Gilbert & Cramer 1897) -- (Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:34 [ref. 29972]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus aequoreus (Gilbert & Cramer 1897). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

affinis, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1883:4, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Memorié v. 6 (pt 1); ref. 17476] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also in Facciolà 1883:147 [ref. 1289]; earliest not researched. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:726 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

africana, Congermuraena Poll [M.] 1953:131, Fig. 51 [Résultats Scientifiques. Expédition Océanographique Belge dans les Eaux Côtières Africaines de l'Atlantique Sud (1948-1949). Bruxelles. v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 12713] Atlantic, 53 miles west of Ambrizette, 7°16'S, 12°02'E, depth 380-420 meters. Holotype: IRSNB 172. Paratypes: IRSNB 601 (1), MRAC 95474 (1). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:22 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:36 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Japonoconger africanus (Poll 1953) -- (Smith 2016:1692 [ref. 34556], Fermon et al. 2022:119 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Japonoconger africanus (Poll 1953). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Gabon south to Congo. Habitat: marine.

albescens, Congermuraena Barnard [K. H.] 1923:442 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 13 (pt 8, no. 14); ref. 191] Off Cape Point, South Africa, depth 250 fathoms [457 meters]. Holotype (unique): SAM 12275. •Valid as Pseudoxenomystax albescens (Barnard 1923) -- (Nakamura in Nakamura et al. 1986:66 [ref. 14235], Pequeño 1989:25 [ref. 14125], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:137 [ref. 25472]). •Valid as Bassanago albescens (Barnard 1923) -- (Castle 1986:163 [ref. 5644], López et al. 2002:62 [ref. 26808], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:36 [ref. 27192], Figueroa & Ehrlich 2006:227 [ref. 29812], Caires & Figueiredo 2011:366 [ref. 31202], Mabragaña et al. 2011:table S2m [ref. 31800], Nión et al. 2016:25 [ref. 35565]). Current status: Valid as Bassanago albescens (Barnard 1923). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Patagonia; southeastern Atlantic: Namibia to South Africa; southwestern Atlantic: Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: marine.

albimaculata, Ariosoma Kodeeswaran [P.], Dash [D.], Kumar [T. T. A.] & Lal [K. K.] 2022:234 [2], Figs. 1-4, 6a, 7a-b [Ichthyological Research v. 70 (no. 2); ref. 39376] Off Kanyakumari [Colachel fishing harbour], Arabian Sea, southwest coast of India, Indian Ocean. Holotype: NBFGR CONAALB [ex OM275349]. Paratypes: NBFGR (9). Combined with a neuter genus, the adjective should be albimaculatum. •Valid as Ariosoma albimaculatum Kodeeswaran, Dash, Kumar & Lal 2022 -- (Kodeeswaran et al. 2024:127 [ref. 40791], Kodeeswaran et al. 2024:6 [ref. 41146]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma albimaculatum Kodeeswaran, Dash, Kumar & Lal 2022. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea, southwest coast of India. Habitat: marine.

albimarginatus, Bathycongrus Huang [J.-F.], Smith [D. G.], Chang [Y.-H.] & Chen [H.-M.] in Huang, Ho, Chang, Smith & Chen 2018:108, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 4454 (no. 1); ref. 36041] Off Wushibi, Changbin township, Taitung county, Taiwan, 23°14'N, 121°25'E, depth about 250-300 meters. Holotype: TOU-AE 7280. Paratypes: NMMBP, TOU-AE, USNM. •Valid as Bathycongrus albimarginatus Huang, Smith, Chang & Chen 2018 -- (Ho et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36050], Ramos-Castro et al. 2021:513 [ref. 38842]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus albimarginatus Huang, Smith, Chang & Chen 2018. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Taiwan endemic. Habitat: marine.

albus, Bathyuroconger Smith [D. G.], Ho [H.-C.] & Tashiro [F.] 2018:149, Figs. 2-3, 5A [Zootaxa 4454 (no. 1); ref. 36043] Daxi, Yilan, northeastern Taiwan. Holotype: USNM 400323. Paratypes: ASIZP, CAS, NMMBP, USNM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Bathyuroconger albus Smith, Ho & Tashiro 2018 -- (Ho et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36050]). Current status: Valid as Bathyuroconger albus Smith, Ho & Tashiro 2018. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

alcocki, Promyllantor Gilbert [C. H.] & Cramer [F.] 1897:405, Pl. 36 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 19 (no. 1114); ref. 1635] Off Hawaiian Islands, 21°12'00"N, 157°49'00"W, Albatross station 3472, depth 295 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 47724. Paratypes: (8) CAS-SU 5009 (3), YPM 5569 [ex USNM 47724] (1), USNM 195915 [ex USNM 47724] (orig. 4, now 3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:49 [ref. 12291], Moore & Boardman 1991:10 [ref. 16741], Smith 1994:10-11 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Acromycter alcocki (Gilbert & Cramer 1897) -- (Smith 1989:556 [ref. 13285], Mundy 2005:138 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Valid as Acromycter alcocki (Gilbert & Cramer 1897). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

altipinnis, Conger Kaup [J. J.] 1856:72 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: MNHN 0000-2129. Paratypes: MNHN B-3155 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:113 [ref. 20810]. Also appeared as new in Kaup 1856:114 [ref. 2573]. Not used as valid after 1900; therefore reversal of precedence in favor of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871. •Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871 -- (Bauchot et al. 1993:113 [ref. 20810], Fricke 1999:68 [ref. 24106]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

altus, Leptocephalus Richardson [J.] 1845:51, Pl. 30 (figs. 8-10) [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] No locality given. Holotype (unique): type lost before publication. Congridae. Habitat: marine.

amphioxus, Leptocephalus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1902:86, Fig. 4 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 21 (1901); ref. 11071] 100 miles southeast of Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.A., 38°25'N, 72°40'W, Albatross. Holotype (unique): USNM 49763. Type catalog: Smith 1994:8 [ref. 21917]. •Probably the young of Paraconger caudilimbatus (Poey 1867) -- (Smith 1994:8 [ref. 21917]). •See Smith 1989:735 [ref. 13285]. Current status: Uncertain as Paraconger caudilimbatus (Poey 1867). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic (if valid). Habitat: marine.

anago, Conger Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:259, Pl. 13 (fig. 2) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 3682b. Paralectotypes: RMNH D2022 (1, dry), 3676a-c (3), 3682a (1), 3682c-d (2). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:187 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Anago anago (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:27 [ref. 6441], Machida in Okamura & Kitajima 1984:91, 317 [ref. 8057], Lee & Joo 1999:27 [ref. 25724], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Choi et al. 2003:145, 493 [ref. 26218], Zhang et al. 2010:191 [ref. 31511]). •Valid as Ariosoma anago (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:139 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:273 [ref. 24014], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:170 [ref. 27969], Shen [S.-C.] 1998:8 [ref. 23445], Johnson 1999:722 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:228 [ref. 25086], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:228 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S95 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:18 [ref. 27712], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370], Mundy 2005:138 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:288 [ref. 28997], Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31342], Ho et al. 2015:144 [ref. 34130], Motomura et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35490], Karmovskaya 2018:405 [457] [ref. 36153], Smith et al. 2018:87 [ref. 36040], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 5 [ref. 38321], Kodeeswaran et al. 2021:10 [ref. 38318]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma anago (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific: Vietnam east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia; Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

anagoides, Conger Bleeker [P.] 1853:76 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 5); ref. 339] Banda Neira, Banda Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1867.11.28.299 (1), E. Indian Arch. Original as anagoïdes. Also appeared in Bleeker 1854:112 [ref. 16924]. •Valid as Ariosoma anagoides (Bleeker 1853) (often seen as 1854) -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:27 [ref. 6441], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Shen 1998:9 [ref. 23445], Suzuki & Hosokawa 1994:2 [ref. 24339], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Lee & Joo 1999:27 [ref. 25724], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Choi et al. 2003:145, 493 [ref. 26218], Mundy 2005:139 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:288 [ref. 28997], Zhang et al. 2010:193 [ref. 31511], Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31342], Allen & Erdmann 2012:112 [ref. 31980], Ho et al. 2015:144 [ref. 34130], Allen & Erdmann 2024:123 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma anagoides (Bleeker 1853). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia and Philippines to Japan. Habitat: marine.

analis, Conger Poey [F.] 1860:318 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Holotype: MCZ 9325. Type catalog: Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35195]. •Valid as Ariosoma anale (Poey 1860) -- (Uyeno & Sasaki in Uyeno et al. 1983:109 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:57 [ref. 23100], Smith 1989:502 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:731 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:156 [ref. 13454], Cervigón 1991:00 [ref. 24472] as analis, Cervigón 1992:302 [ref. 23827], Aguilera 1998:46 [ref. 24221], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:149 [ref. 27754], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:36 [ref. 27192], Smith 2003:749 [ref. 26989], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Smith 2016:1690 [ref. 34556], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35195], Reiner 2019:76 [ref. 38139], Carvalho-Filho 2023:55 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:130 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma anale (Poey 1860). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) south to northern Brazil and Fernando de Noronha, including eastern Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Ghana, Ivory Coast, São Tomé and Principe. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

andriashevi, Gnathophis Karmovskaya [E. S.] 1990:769 [7], Fig. 1b [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 30 (no. 5); ref. 20148] Southeastern Pacific off Chile, 25°01'S, 97°28'W, depth 330-326 meters. Holotype: ZIN 49431. Paratypes: ZIN 49432 (1). On p. 7 of English translation. •Valid as Gnathophis andriashevi Karmovskaya 1990 -- (Pequeño 1997:80 [ref. 23536]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis andriashevi Karmovskaya 1990. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Chile. Habitat: marine.

arabicus, Leptocephalus D'Ancona [U.] 1928:51, Pl. 3 (figs. 9-9a) [Memoria, Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano No. 146; ref. 15917] Gulf of Aden, near the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, 12°05'N, 44°47'E, depth 582 meters. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Leptocephalus arabicus D'Ancona 1928 -- (Castle 1975:23 [ref. 25984]). •Uncertain identity -- (Dor 1984:37 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:9 [ref. 25356]). •Valid as Gavialiceps arabicus (D'Ancona 1928) -- (Karmovskaya 1993:742 [ref. 22018], Adam et al. 1998:1 [ref. 23610], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S96 [ref. 27377], Lin & Ho 2018:225 [ref. 36047]). Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps arabicus (D'Ancona 1928). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

arafura, Lumiconger Castle [P. H. J.] & Paxton [J. R.] 1984:73, Figs. 1-6 [Copeia 1984 (no. 1); ref. 5259] North of Smith Point, off Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory, Australia, 12°58'S, 132°10'E, depth 27 meters. Holotype: NTM S.10031-003. Paratypes: AMS I.19289-004 (1), I.19290-002 (1), I.19293-001 (1, c&s); NTM S.10031-148 (1); CSIRO CA 2879 (1). •Valid as Lumiconger arafura Castle & Paxton 1984 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:142 [ref. 12442], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Hoese & Gates 2006:296 [ref. 28997], Larson et al. 2013:29 [ref. 32988], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:63 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Lumiconger arafura Castle & Paxton 1984. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: northern Western Australia, Timor Sea, Arafura Sea. Habitat: marine.

armiger, Rhechias Jordan [D. S.] 1921:644, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 59 (no. 2392); ref. 2419] About 3-4 miles off lava flow from Mauna Loa, Alika, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 84097 (dry). Type catalog: Smith 1994:11 [ref. 21917]. •Synonym of Bathycongrus aequorea [sic] (Gilbert & Cramer 1897) -- (Mundy 2005:140 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Bathycongrus aequoreus (Gilbert & Cramer 1897) -- (Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:34 [ref. 29972]). Current status: Synonym of Bathycongrus aequoreus (Gilbert & Cramer 1897). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

asanoi, Gnathophis Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2004:S18, Fig. 10 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 44 (suppl. 1); ref. 28053] Philippines, Sibuyan Sea, 13°08'N, 122°39'E, depth 440-280 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1998-0645. Paratypes: MNHN 1998-0650 (1). •Valid as Gnathophis asanoi Karmovskaya 2004 -- (Ho et al. 2015:147 [ref. 34130], Ho et al. 2018:235 [ref. 36049]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis asanoi Karmovskaya 2004. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Philippines and Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

atlanticus, Acromycter Smith [D. G.] 1989:557, Figs. 587-588 [Memoirs of the Sears Foundation of Marine Research Mem. 1 (part 9); ref. 13285] Nicaragua, 13°34'N, 81°53'W, Oregon station 1922, depth 275 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 158882. Paratypes: ANSP 157602 (1); USNM 93460 (2), 158877 (1), 197131 (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:5 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Acromycter atlanticus Smith 1989 -- (Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Melo et al. 2009:3 [ref. 30460], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:130 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Acromycter atlanticus Smith 1989. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) south to Brazil, including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

atlanticus, Promyllantor Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2006:566, Fig. 1 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 46 (no. 8); ref. 29417] Southeastern Atlantic off Congo, 6°14'S, 11°24'E, depth 495 meters. Holotype: ZMUU 21650. Paratypes: ZMUU 21651 (1). •Valid as Promyllantor atlanticus Karmovskaya 2006 -- (Smith 2016:1693 [ref. 34556]). Current status: Valid as Promyllantor atlanticus Karmovskaya 2006. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic off Congo. Habitat: marine.

atrarius, Xenomystax Gilbert [C. H.] 1891:348 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 14 (no. 856); ref. 1625] Off Ecuador, 0°37'00"S, 81°00'00"W, Albatross station 2792, depth 401 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 44369. Type catalog: Smith 1994:12 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Xenomystax atrarius Gilbert 1891 -- (Seigel 1987:57 [ref. 23111], Smith 1989:559 [ref. 13285], Pequeño 1989:25 [ref. 14125], McAllister 1990:49 [ref. 14674], Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1035 [ref. 22829], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:180 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:131 [ref. 24555], Love et al. 2005:23 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:189 [ref. 30957], Robertson et al. 2017:32 [ref. 35676], Smith et al. 2017:42 [ref. 36260], Love et al. 2021:39 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:16 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:57 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:134 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xenomystax atrarius Gilbert 1891. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: British Columbia (Canada) south to Chile, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

auratus, Conger Costa [O. G.] 1844:Conger p. 6, Pl. 29 (figs. 1-2) [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

auritus, Castleichthys Smith [D. G.] 2004:144, Figs. 1-4 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 27783] Northeast of Rowley Shoals, 16°53'S, 120°21'E, Western Australia, depth 396 meters. Holotype (unique): CSIRO H 2083-05. •Valid as Castleichthys auritus Smith 2004 -- (Hoese & Gates 2006:291 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Valid as Castleichthys auritus Smith 2004. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Australia: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

australis, Congermuraena Barnard [K. H.] 1923:442 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 13 (pt 8, no. 14); ref. 191] Tristan da Cunha; False Bay, and off Cape Peninsula,South Africa; Namibia; depth 2-60 fathoms [4-110 meters]. Syntypes: BMNH 1927.12.6.7 [ex SAM] (1) False Bay; SAM 12779-82 (1, 1, 3, 1). •Synonym of Gnathophis capensis (Kaup 1857) -- (Castle 1986:164 [ref. 5644]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis capensis (Kaup 1857). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

austrinus, Xenomystax Smith [D. G.] & Kanazawa [R. H.] in Smith 1989:560, Figs. 589-591 [Memoirs of the Sears Foundation of Marine Research Mem. 1 (part 9); ref. 13285] Caribbean Sea off Panama, 9°02'24"N, 76°31'30"W, Oregon station 4902, depth 400 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 198746. Paratypes: ANSP 109591 (1), 114856 (1), 114877 (1), 126444 (1), 131993 (1), 133011 (1); MCZ 39419 (1); USNM 193559 (1), 198680 (1), 198771 (1), 200319 (1), 201239 (3). Type catalog: Smith 1994:12-13 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Xenomystax austrinus Smith & Kanazawa 1989 -- (Ben-Tuvia et al. 2001:1285 [ref. 41445], Ben-Tuvia et al. 2003:282 [ref. 41557], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Smith et al. 2017:42 [ref. 36260], Fricke et al. 2024:134 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xenomystax austrinus Smith & Kanazawa 1989. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: southern Bahamas south to Guyana, including Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2019): Least Conern. Habitat: marine.

balearica, Muraena Delaroche [F. E.] 1809:327 [41], Pl. 20 (fig. 3) [Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 13; ref. 17380] [Iviça] Ibiza Island, Balearic Islands, Spain, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8434. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:115 [ref. 20810]. On p. 41 and Pl. 1 of separate. •Valid as Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185], Dor 1984:32 [ref. 29757], Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:568 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:57 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:82 [ref. 25518], Smith 1989:495, 726 [ref. 13285], McAllister 1990:49 [ref. 14674], Smith 1990:156 [ref. 13454], Cervigón 1991:66 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:37 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:302 [ref. 23827], Goren & Dor 1994:8 [ref. 25356], Santos et al. 1997:22 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:57 [ref. 24952], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:294 [ref. 23897], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:141 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:149 [ref. 27754], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:33 [ref. 26753], Collette et al. 2003:99 [ref. 26784], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:36 [ref. 27192], Smith 2003:749 [ref. 26989], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S95 [ref. 27377], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Golani 2005:17 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:24 [ref. 29533], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:59 [ref. 35264], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:19 [ref. 36649], Bañón et al. 2011:262 [ref. 31676], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:25 [ref. 33341], Smith 2016:1686 [ref. 34556], Nión et al. 2016:25 [ref. 35565], Artüz & Fricke 2019:553 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:65 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:76 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:31 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37519], Robertson et al. 2020:153 [ref. 38098], Golani 2021:16 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39014], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:122 [ref. 38945], Ergüden et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39164], Fermon et al. 2022:120 [ref. 39448], Carvalho-Filho 2023:55 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:130 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina (U.S.A.) south to Uruguay, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Angola, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

balteatus, Heteroconger Castle [P. H. J.] & Randall [J. E.] 1999:12, Figs. 2, 4; Pl. IA [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 30; ref. 24042] Off northern end of city, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, about 21°30'N, 39°20'E, depth 46 meters. Holotype: BPBM 28166. Paratypes: BPBM 38370 (1), USNM 348595 (1). •Valid as Heteroconger balteatus Castle & Randall 1999 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2010:140 [ref. 30467], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[4] 242 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:25 [ref. 36273], Allen et al. 2020:15 [ref. 37319], Smith & Heemstra 2022:94 [ref. 39685]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger balteatus Castle & Randall 1999. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

baranesi, Bathycongrus Ben-Tuvia [A.] 1993:357, Figs. 4-5 [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 39 (no. 4); ref. 21130] South China Sea, 15°40'00"N, 109°25'30"E, depth about 150 meters. Holotype: CAS 41012. Paratypes: CAS 34533 (1), 34609 (1); FAKU 25140 (1), 27870 (1); HUJ F16983 (1). Other material: MNHN 1979-0042 (1), 1979-0043 (1), 1979-0045 (1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:22 [ref. 28840] with genus as Bathyconger and species as baranesii. •Valid as Bathycongrus baranesi Ben-Tuvia 1993 -- (Nakabo 2000:232 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:232 [ref. 26001]). •Synonym of Bathycongrus wallacei (Castle 1968) -- (Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:35 [ref. 29972], Karmovskaya 2009:146 [ref. 30139]). •In part (2 paratypes) a synonym of Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther 1887) -- (Karmovskaya 2009:140 [ref. 30139]). Current status: Synonym of Bathycongrus wallacei (Castle 1968). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

barnesi, Gorgasia Robison [B. H.] & Lancraft [T. M.] 1984:404, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1984 (no. 2); ref. 6812] Gunong Api, Banda Islands, Indonesia, Banda Sea, 4°30'S, 129°52'E, depth 6 meters. Holotype: LACM 37338-1. Paratypes: CAS 52178 (2), LACM 37338-2 (8, ?now 5), USNM 257771 (4). Type catalog: Smith 1994:8 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Gorgasia barnesi Robison & Lancraft 1984 -- (Shao 1990:14 [ref. 19169], Allen 1997:58 [ref. 23977], Castle & Randall 1999:31 [ref. 24042], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Greenfield & Niesz 2004:375 [ref. 27900], Allen & Erdmann 2010:136 [ref. 30467], Allen & Erdmann 2012:114 [ref. 31980], Allen & Erdmann 2024:125 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia barnesi Robison & Lancraft 1984. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Habitat: marine.

bathytopos, Gnathophis Smith [D. G.] & Kanazawa [R. H.] 1977:535, Fig. 6 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 4036] Northwest of Dry Tortugas, Florida, U.S.A., 25°13'N, 84°15'W, Silver Bay station 1200, depth 100 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 190597. Paratypes: ANSP 127791 (1); UF 217085 [ex UMML 17085] (1), 222591 [ex UMML 22591] (1, c&s), 230226 [ex UMML 30226] (1); USNM 197113 (2), 213557-58 (1, 2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:64 [ref. 13621], Smith 1994:7 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Gnathophis bathytopos Smith & Kanazawa 1977 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:59 [ref. 23100], Smith 1989:522 [ref. 13285], Boschung 1992:38 [ref. 23239], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:302 [ref. 23897], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis bathytopos Smith & Kanazawa 1977. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Georgia south to Florida (U.S.A.), including southern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

bauchotae, Ariosoma Karrer [C.] 1983:11, Figs. 2 A-B [Faune Tropicale v. 23 (for 1982); ref. 5679] Northwest of Madagascar, 12°41.3'S, 48°16'E, depth 308-314 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1979-0030. Paratypes: MNHN 1979-0031 (4). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:113 [ref. 20810]. •Valid as Ariosoma bauchotae Karrer 1983 -- (Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285] dated 1982, Fricke et al. 2018:48 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma bauchotae Karrer 1983. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: off western Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

bengalense, Ariosoma Ray [D.], Acharya [S.], Khatua [T.], Roy [D.], Mohapatra [A.] & Mishra [S. S.] 2022:134, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa 5165 (no. 1); ref. 39391] Petua Ghat, West Bengal, India, depth 168 meters. Holotype: EBRC/ZSI F12898. Paratype: EBRC/ZSI F12899 (1). •Valid as Ariosoma bengalense Ray, Acharya, Khatua, Roy, Mohapatra & Mishra 2022 -- (Kodeeswaran et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41146]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma bengalense Ray, Acharya, Khatua, Roy, Mohapatra & Mishra 2022. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: northern Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, India. Habitat: marine.

bertelseni, Gavialiceps Karmovskaya [E. S.] 1993:750 [85] [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 33 (no. 6); ref. 22018] Southwestern Indian Ocean, off western Madagascar, 21°26'S, 43°01'E, depth 810-1200 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1979-0057. Paratypes: MNHN 1979-0058 (2), 1979-0059 (1); ZMUC P312688 (1). Type catalog: Fricke et al. 2018:47 [ref. 35805]. On p. 85 of English translation. •Valid as Gavialiceps bertelseni Karmovskaya 1993 -- (Fricke et al. 2018:47 [ref. 35805], Lin & Ho 2018:225 [ref. 36047]). Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps bertelseni Karmovskaya 1993. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: off western and southwestern Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

bertini, Congermuraena Poll [M.] 1953:133, Fig. 52 [Résultats Scientifiques. Expédition Océanographique Belge dans les Eaux Côtières Africaines de l'Atlantique Sud (1948-1949). Bruxelles. v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 12713] Atlantic, 10°05'N, 17°00'W, depth 320-360 meters. Holotype: IRSNB 173. Paratypes: MRAC 95475 (1). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:22 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:36 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Rhechias bertini (Poll 1953) -- (Smith 1989:533 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:165 [ref. 13454]). •Valid as Bathycongrus bertini (Poll 1953) -- (based on current status of Rhechias, Smith 2016:1690 [ref. 34556], Reiner 2019:78 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:119 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus bertini (Poll 1953). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Angola, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

bibroni, Leptocephalus Kaup [J. J.] 1857:149, Pl. 17 (fig. 12) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] No locality (is evidently Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea). Syntypes: ?BMNH 1856.7.9.19 (1), ?ZMB 4047 (2) Messina. •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

bicoloratus, Rhynchoconger Kodeeswaran [P.], Mohapatra [A.], Kumar [T. T. A.] & Lal [K. K.] 2023:4, Figs. 1-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 102 (no. 5); ref. 40082] Kalamukku Fishing Harbour (deep see trawl), off kerala coast, Arabian Sea, 9°59'2.2482"N, 76°14'7.6704"E, depth 200 - 300 meters. Holotype: NBFGR CONRBIC. Paratypes: EBRC/ZSI F14084 (1), NBFGR CONRBIC.1 (1). •Valid as Rhynchoconger bicoloratus Kodeeswaran, Mohapatra, Kumar & Lal 2023. Current status: Valid as Rhynchoconger bicoloratus Kodeeswaran, Mohapatra, Kumar & Lal 2023. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea off Kochi, southwest coast of India. Habitat: marine.

bidentatus, Paraxenomystax Reid [E. D.] 1940:2, Fig. 1 [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections v. 91 (no. 31); ref. 3684] Virgin Islands, 18°36'00" to 18°37'15"N, 65°05'30" to 65°03'00"W, Caroline station 96, depth 270-330 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 108444. Paratypes: USNM 108445 (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:10 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Paraxenomystax bidentatus Reid 1840 -- (Cervigón 1991:72 [ref. 24472], Cervigón 1992:365 [ref. 23827]). •Valid as Xenomystax bidentatus (Reid 1940) -- (Smith 1989:562 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:761 [ref. 13285], Boschung 1992:39 [ref. 23239], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:312 [ref. 23897], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Smith et al. 2017:42 [ref. 36260], Robertson et al. 2020:153 [ref. 38098], Page et al. 2023:57 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:134 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xenomystax bidentatus (Reid 1940). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: southern Florida (U.S.A.) south to northeastern Brazil, including southeastern Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

bimaculatus, Bathycongrus Smith [D. G.] & Ho [H.-C.] 2018:121, Figs. 2, 3A [Zootaxa 4454 (no. 1); ref. 36042] Off Dong-gang, Pingtung, southwestern Taiwan, South China Sea, depth about 200-300 meters. Holotype: NMMBP 24393. Paratypes: NMMBP, USNM. •Valid as Bathycongrus bimaculatus Smith & Ho 2018 -- (Ho et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36050]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus bimaculatus Smith & Ho 2018. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

bleekeri, Bathycongrus (Bathycongrus) Fowler [H. W.] 1934:272 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Utara Pt., Bongo Island, southern Mindanao, Philippines, Albatross station 5257, 7°22'12"N, 124°12'15"E, depth 28 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 92353. Type catalog: Smith 1994:5 [ref. 21917] --station published as 5557, but 5257 regarded as correct (with some doubt). •Status uncertain -- (Smith 1994:5 [ref. 21917]). •Valid as Bathycongrus bleekeri Fowler 1934 -- (Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:30 [ref. 29972], Karmovskaya 2009:150 [ref. 30139], Karmovskaya 2011:417 [ref. 31456], Smith & Ho 2018:126 [ref. 36042], Ho et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36050], Vo et al. 2019:177 [ref. 37922]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus bleekeri Fowler 1934. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vietnam east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

bleekeri, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1885:196, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Atti della Reale Accademia Peloritana v. 4 (no. 2) (for 1882-1883); ref. 26076] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Congridae. Habitat: marine.

borelli, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1883:6, Pl. 4 (fig. 4) [Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Memorié v. 6 (pt 1); ref. 17476] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

bowersi, Congrellus Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:422, Fig. 1 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50689. Paratypes: CAS-SU 23314 (5), USNM 126007 [ex USBF 1174] (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:48 [ref. 12291], Smith 1994:6-7 [ref. 21917]. Ariosoma marginatum (Vaillant & Sauvage 1875) is preoccupied by Leptocephalus marginatus Kaup 1856 when classified in genus Ariosoma; then Arisoma bowersi (Jenkins 1903) is the oldest available name. •Synonym of Ariosoma marginatum (Vaillant & Sauvage 1875) -- (Mundy 2005:139 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:55 [ref. 30952]). •Valid as Arisoma bowersi (Jenkins 1903) -- (Kodeeswaran et al. 2022: [6] 780 [ref. 39019]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma bowersi (Jenkins 1903). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll, Cross Seamount and Hawaiian islands (U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

bracheatopos, Gnathophis Smith [D. G.] & Kanazawa [R. H.] 1977:534, Fig. 5 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 4036] Florida, U.S.A., 28°50'N, 85°06'W, Oregon station 896, depth 35 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 163523. Paratypes: ANSP 109602 (2), 123583 (1), 128389-93 (7, 2, 1, 1, 1), 130817 (1); UF 231019 [ex UMML 31019] (1), 232627 [ex UMML 32627] (1, c&s); USNM 163485 (2), 197128 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:64 [ref. 13621], Smith 1994:7-8 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Gnathophis bracheatopos Smith & Kanazawa 1977 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:58 [ref. 23100], Smith 1989:523 [ref. 13285], Boschung 1992:38 [ref. 23239], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:303 [ref. 23897], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis bracheatopos Smith & Kanazawa 1977. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina south to Florida (U.S.A.), including southern and eastern Gulf of Mexico (U.S.A., Mexico). IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

brachialis, Macrocephenchelys Fowler [H. W.] 1934:277, Fig. 36 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Makassar Strait, between Borneo and Sulawesi, Indonesia, Albatross station 5667, 2°56'00"S, 118°47'30"E, depth 367 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 92347. Paratypes: USNM 93294 (1, c&s, in pieces). Type catalog: Smith 1994:9 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Macrocephenchelys brachialis Fowler 1934 -- (Castle 1990:125 [ref. 15487], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Ho et al. 2015:148 [ref. 34130], Lin et al. 2018:188 [ref. 36045], Kodeeswaran et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40191]). Current status: Valid as Macrocephenchelys brachialis Fowler 1934. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: east coast of Madagascar, Makassar Strait (between Borneo and Sulawesi), Malaysia, Taiwan and Vanuatu. Habitat: marine.

brachuata, Rhynchoconger Chu [K.-Y.] & Chen [T.-R.] 1958:127, Fig. 1 [Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum (Taipei) v. 11 (nos 1/2); ref. 12057] Fish market in Taipei, Taiwan. Holotype: NTMP 00041 (apparently lost). Paratypes: NTMP uncat. (14), plus 2 c&s (apparently lost). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:24 [ref. 31432] with types apparently lost. •Synonym of Rhynchoconger ectenurus (Jordan & Richardson 1909) -- (Ben-Tuvia 1993:353 [ref. 21130] but as trachuata, Ho & Shao 2011:24 [ref. 31432], Ho et al. 2015:8 [ref. 34116], Ho et al. 2015:149 [ref. 34130]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchoconger ectenurus (Jordan & Richardson 1909). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

brachycephalus, Leptocephalus Pappenheim [P.] 1914:191, Pl. 9 (fig. 1); Fig. 9 [Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903 v. 15 (Zoologie v. 7); ref. 3361] North of Tristan da Cunha, 20°21'S, 14°02'W, depth 10 meters depth; southeast of Sierra Leone, 6°29'N, 18°57'W. Syntypes: ZMB 19350 (1), 19351 (several, poor condition) Congridae. Habitat: marine.

brachyrhynchus, Arisoma Fowler [H. W.] 1934:269, Fig. 30 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Utara Pt., Bongo Island, Illana Bay, southern Mindanao Island, Philippines, Albatross station 5256, 7°21'45"N, 124°07'15"E, depth 158 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 92357. Paratype: USNM 135121 (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:5 [ref. 21917]. Original genus should have been spelled Ariosoma. •Valid as Parabathymyrus brachyrhynchus (Fowler 1934) -- (Smith 1989:504 [ref. 13285], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Ho et al. 2015:134 [ref. 34129], Ho et al. 2015:148 [ref. 34130]). Current status: Valid as Parabathymyrus brachyrhynchus (Fowler 1934). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Taiwan, Philippines, Vietnam, Vanuatu and Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

brasiliensis, Conger Kaup [J. J.] 1856:73 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8427. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:113 [ref. 20810]. Also in Kaup 1856:115 [ref. 2573]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Conger brasiliensis Ranzani 1840, replaced by Conger triporiceps Kanazawa 1958. •Objective synonym of Conger triporiceps Kanazawa 1958 -- (Smith 1989:519 [ref. 13285], Bauchot et al. 1993:113 [ref. 20810]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Conger triporiceps Kanazawa 1958. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

braueri, Uroconger Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1916:266 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 3; ref. 4604] Sumatra, Indonesia and eastern Africa. Syntypes: (1 + 7) SMF 2128 (1), ZMH 12661 (1). •Valid as Uroconger braueri Weber & de Beaufort 1916 -- (Castle 1975:23 [ref. 25984]). •Synonym of Bathyuroconger vicinus (Vaillant 1888) -- (Smith 1989:541 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:158 [ref. 13454], Hoese & Gates 2006:290 [ref. 28997], Smith et al. 2018:164 [ref. 36043]). Current status: Synonym of Bathyuroconger vicinus (Vaillant 1888). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

brevicaudus, Leptocephalus (Diaphanichthys) Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1864:399 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1864; ref. 3437] Masbate, northern Luzon Island, Philippines. Syntypes: ZMB 5405 (7). Also appeared as new in Peters 1865:48 [ref. 18544]. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

brevirostris, Rhynchoconger Chen [J. T. F.] & Weng [H. T. C.] 1967:54, Fig. 40 [Biological Bulletin Tunghai University Ichthyology Series Number 6 No. 6 (art. 32); ref. 7952] Tungkang, southwestern Taiwan. Lectotype: NMMBP 5177 [ex THUP 3078]. Paralectotypes: NMMBP 4181 [ex THUP 03236 and 03241] (2). Type catalog: Ho et al. 2010:25 [ref. 31218], Ho & Shao 2011:24 [ref. 31432]. •Valid as Rhynchoconger brevirostris Chen & Weng 1967 -- (Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661] as "Rhynchoconger" brevirostrus, Zhang et al. 2010:209 [ref. 31511]). •Valid as Macrocephenchelys brevirostris (Chen & Weng 1967) -- (Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Karmovskaya 2004:S24 [ref. 28053], Hoese & Gates 2006:296 [ref. 28997], Ho et al. 2010:23 [ref. 31218], Ho & Shao 2011:24 [ref. 31432], Ho et al. 2015:8 [ref. 34116], Ho et al. 2015:148 [ref. 34130], Lin et al. 2018:192 [ref. 36045], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:63 [ref. 41223], Kodeeswaran et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40191]). Current status: Valid as Macrocephenchelys brevirostris (Chen & Weng 1967). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

brunneus, Bathycongrus Huang [J.-F.], Ho [H.-C.] & Chen [H.-M.] in Huang, Ho, Chang, Smith & Chen 2018:113, Figs. 3-4 [Zootaxa 4454 (no. 1); ref. 36041] Changbin, Taitung, eastern Taiwan. Holotype (unique): TOU-AE 7261. •Valid as Bathycongrus brunneus Huang, Ho & Chen 2018 -- (Ho et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36050]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus brunneus Huang, Ho & Chen 2018. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

brunneus, Conger Commerson [P.] in Lacepède 1803:649 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Appeared as "Conger brunneus, zonis transversalibius albis, ..." in the account of Gymnomuraena doliata. Regarded as non-binominal and not available. See ICZN Opinion 89. Congridae: Congrinae.

bulbiceps, Bassanago Whitley [G. P.] 1948:71, Fig. 2 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 4710] Eastern slopes of Bass Strait, Victoria, Australia, depth 200 fathoms. Holotype (unique): AMS E.4633. •Valid as Bassanago bulbiceps Whitley 1948 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:140 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:75 [ref. 24556], Castle in Amaoka et al. 1990:97 [ref. 16024], Gomon et al. 1994:210 [ref. 22532], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847] as cf. bulbiceps, Hoese & Gates 2006:289 [ref. 28997], Smith 2008:175 [ref. 30621], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:108 [ref. 36167], Smith & Stewart 2015:273 [ref. 34234]). Current status: Valid as Bassanago bulbiceps Whitley 1948. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: southern Australia, New Zealand and Kermadec Islands. Habitat: marine.

bullisi, Rhechias Smith [D. G.] & Kanazawa [R. H.] 1977:538, Fig. 9 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 4036] Off Cape Lavela, Caribbean Sea off Colombia, 12°16'N, 72°40'W, Oregon station 4922, depth 200 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 198768. Paratypes: ANSP 109616 (2), 114947 (1), 122923 (1), 126536 [not 126526] (5); UF 211063 [ex UMML 11063] (1); USNM 158172 (1), 158905 (2), 158908 (1), 158911 (1), 178994 (1), 179071 (2), 185653-54 (1, 2), 193594 (1), 193596 (2), 193612 (1), 198674 (1), 198679 (1), 198767 (1), 198769-70 (1, 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:64 [ref. 13621], Smith 1994:11 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Rhechias bullisi Smith & Kanazawa 1977 -- (Uyeno & Sasaki in Uyeno et al. 1983:113 [ref. 14275], Smith 1989:538 [ref. 13285], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192]). •Valid as Bathycongrus bullisi (Smith & Kanazawa 1977) -- (Smith 1994:11 [ref. 21917], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:296 [ref. 23897], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Klautau et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37903], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:131 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus bullisi (Smith & Kanazawa 1977). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea south to northeastern Brazil. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

californiensis, Paraconger Kanazawa [R. H.] 1961:10, Fig. 3; Pl. 2 (fig. A) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 113 (no. 3450); ref. 2559] 25 miles southeast of Bahia Topolobampo, Mexico, Gulf of California, depth 22-27 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 177696. Paratypes: FMNH 50909 (1); SIO 15-111 (6) (ex UCLA W56-118), 15-269 (1) (ex UCLA W53-132); UCLA W52-12 (2), W56-118 (6), W57-116 (1); USNM 177697 (2), 195854 (1); YPM 1149 (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:10 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Paraconger californiensis Kanazawa 1961 -- (Raju 1985:6 [ref. 5287], Smith 1989:506 [ref. 13285], Allen & Robertson 1994:59 [ref. 22193], Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1033 [ref. 22829], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:180 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:130 [ref. 24555], Nelson et al. 2004:65 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:22 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:189 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:143 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:442 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:606 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2021:39 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:16 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40981], Fricke et al. 2024:133 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Paraconger californiensis Kanazawa 1961. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to northern Peru, including southern Gulf of California (Mexico), Cocos Island (Costa Rica) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

camelopardalis, Taenioconger Lubbock [R.] 1980:285, Fig. 1 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 17 (no. 3); ref. 8694] Hummock Point, Ascension Island, open sandy slope. Holotype: BMNH 1979.1.5.17. Paratypes: USNM 219406 (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:12 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Heteroconger camelopardalis (Lubbock 1980) -- (Smith 1989:489 [ref. 13285], Tyler & Luckhurst 1994:90 [ref. 22552], Castle & Randall 1999:7 [ref. 24042], Smith 2002:835 [ref. 26549], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192], Wirtz et al. 2014:3 [ref. 33516], Carvalho-Filho 2023:56 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger camelopardalis (Lubbock 1980). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Caribbean Sea south to Fernando de Noronha (Brazil); southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island. Habitat: marine.

canabus, Taenioconger Cowan [G. I. M.] & Rosenblatt [R. H.] 1974:56, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1974 (no. 1); ref. 12] West coast of Ceralbo Island, Baja California, Mexico, 24°18.85'N, 109°55.5'W. Holotype: SIO 61-261. Paratypes: Gift to Mexico [ex SIO 65-342] (9); SIO 61-261 (538), 65-342 (orig. 100); UBC 62-161 (6). •Valid as Taenioconger canabus Cowan & Rosenblatt 1974 -- (Raju 1985:8 [ref. 5287]). •Valid as Heteroconger canabus (Cowan & Rosenblatt 1974) -- (Smith 1989:485 [ref. 13285], Allen & Robertson 1994:58 [ref. 22193], Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1031 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:111 [ref. 24545], Castle 1997:9 [ref. 22878], Castle & Randall 1999:7 [ref. 24042], Castle 1999:415 [ref. 24044], Thomson et al. 2000:50 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:22 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:38 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger canabus (Cowan & Rosenblatt 1974). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Costa Rica, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

candidissimus, Leptocephalus Costa [O. G.] 1832:Leptocephalus p. 2, Pl. 20 (figs. 1-2) [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Gulf of Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:240 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:160 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

capensis, Leptocephalus Kaup [J. J.] (ex Lalande) 1857:153 [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Holotype: MNHN B-3165 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin 1935:100 [ref. 21550], Bauchot et al. 1993:120 [ref. 20810]. •Valid as Gnathophis capensis (Kaup 1857) -- (Castle 1986:164 [ref. 5644], Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285], Andrew et al. 1995:11 [ref. 38009], Smith & Heemstra 2022:92 [ref. 39685]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis capensis (Kaup 1857). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southern-central Atlantic: Tristan da Cunha Island; southeastern Atlantic, southwestern Indian Ocean: Orange River east to Plettenberg bay (South Africa). Habitat: marine.

caribbeus, Japonoconger Smith [D. G.] & Kanazawa [R. H.] 1977:541, Fig. 11 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 4036] Colombia, 11°09'N, 74°26'30"W, Oregon station 4859, depth 180-190 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 198685. Paratypes: ANSP 114153-54 (1, 1), 126136 (1), 126973 [ex UMML 28785] (1); UF 228785 [ex UMML 28785] (1); USNM 198666-67 (1, 1), 198671 (1), 198677 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:64 [ref. 13621], Smith 1994:8 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Japonoconger caribbeus Smith & Kanazawa 1977 -- (Smith 1989:550 [ref. 13285], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989]). Current status: Valid as Japonoconger caribbeus Smith & Kanazawa 1977. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

cassini, Muraena Risso [A.] 1810:91 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Risso specimens: ZMB 3975 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:130 [ref. 20810]. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

castlei, Bathycongrus Smith [D. G.] & Ho [H.-C.] 2018:129, Figs. 3C, 5, 6A [Zootaxa 4454 (no. 1); ref. 36042] Nan-fang-ao, Yilan, northeast Taiwan, western Pacific Ocean. Holotype: NMMBP 16586. Paratypes: NMMBP, USNM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Bathycongrus castlei Smith & Ho 2018 -- (Ho et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36050], Sakai et al. 2022:342 [ref. 40011]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus castlei Smith & Ho 2018. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Taiwan north to Kochi Prefecture (Japan). Habitat: marine.

castlei, Gnathophis Karmovskaya [E. S.] & Paxton [J. R.] 2000:S9, Fig. 5a [Journal of Ichthyology v. 40 (suppl. 1); ref. 25768] Off Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 26°30'S, 153°30'E, depth 366 meters. Holotype: AMS I.15551-012. Paratypes: AMS I.22873-001 (1); QM I.21097 (1), I.23923 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Gnathophis castlei Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000 -- (Karmovskaya 2004:S13 [ref. 28053], Hoese & Gates 2006:293 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis castlei Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

catalinensis, Rhynchocymba Wade [C. B.] 1946:194, Pl. 26 (figs. 1-3) [Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition 1932-40, Los Angeles v. 9 (no. 7); ref. 4542] White Cove, Santa Catalina Island, southern California, U.S.A., depth 5 fathoms. Holotype (unique): LACM 21553 [ex AHF 871]. •Valid as Gnathophis catalinensis (Wade 1946) -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:64 [ref. 9277], Raju 1985:11 [ref. 5287], Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285]). •See also Pequeño 1989:25 [ref. 14125]. •Synonym of Gnathophis cinctus (Garman 1899) -- (Grove & Lavenberg 1997:179 [ref. 24023], Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis cinctus (Garman 1899). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

caudalis, Congermuraena Garman [S.] 1899:305 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Pacific Panama, 7°09'45"N, 80°50'00"W, Albatross station 3354, depth 322 fathoms. Syntypes: MCZ 28460 (1); USNM 57898 (1), 153600 [ex MCZ 28460] (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:6 [ref. 21917]. •Synonym of "Ophisoma" prorigerum Gilbert 1891 -- (Smith 1994:6 [ref. 21917]). •Synonym of Japonoconger proriger (Gilbert 1891). Current status: Synonym of Japonoconger proriger (Gilbert 1891). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

caudalis, Leptocephalus Fowler [H. W.] 1912:9, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 64; ref. 1385] Off Baja California, Mexico. Holotype (unique): ANSP 1055. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:64 [ref. 13621]. Genus misspelled in main heading, but correct in figure caption. Locality probably in error (Kanzawa 1958:228 [ref. 12078]). •Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871. Current status: Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

caudicula, Conger Bean [T. H.] in Goode & Bean 1882:435 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 297); ref. 1840] Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 30709. Type catalog: Smith 1994:5 [ref. 21917]. Appeared first as name only in Goode & Bean 1882:240 [ref. 20598]; then in Jordan & Gilbert 1882:262 [ref. 2472] but without distinguishing features. •Synonym of Paraconger caudilimbatus (Poey 1867) -- (Smith 1989:506 [ref. 13285], but see Smith 1994:5 [ref. 21917]). Current status: Synonym of Paraconger caudilimbatus (Poey 1867). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

caudilimbatus, Echelus Poey [F.] 1867:249 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 14079] Cuba. Holotype (unique): MCZ 9324. Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:173 [ref. 22926], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35195]. •Valid as Paraconger caudilimbatus (Poey 1867) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:59 [ref. 23100], Smith 1989:506 [ref. 13285], Cervigón 1991:65 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:38 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:304 [ref. 23827], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:306 [ref. 23897], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:143 [ref. 25013], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Nelson et al. 2004:65 [ref. 27807], Wirtz et al. 2007:5, 26 [ref. 30263], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:26 [ref. 33341], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35195], Moreno-Borges et al. 2019:90 [ref. 36587], Reiner 2019:77 [ref. 38139], Klautau et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37903], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:123 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:56 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:57 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:133 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Paraconger caudilimbatus (Poey 1867). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic Bermuda and Florida (U.S.A.) south to northern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Gulf of Guinea, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

ceramensis, Leptocephalus Bleeker [P.] 1865:123, Pl. 193 (fig. 3) [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises v. 4; ref. 4860] Wahai, Ceram, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1867.12.28.367 (1) Ceram. Congridae. Habitat: marine.

chapmani, Taenioconger Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1923:152, Pl. 3 [Philippine Journal of Science v. 23 (no. 2); ref. 2117] Dumaguete, Philippines. Holotype (unique): possibly was at BSMP (presumed destroyed). •Valid as Heteroconger chapmani (Herre 1923) -- (Smith 1989:485 [ref. 13285], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661]). •Regarded as unidentifiable -- (Castle & Randall 1999:2, 7 [ref. 24042]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger chapmani (Herre 1923). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

cinctus, Atopichthys Garman [S.] 1899:329, Pl. 66 (figs. 2-2a) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] West of Isla Marchena (Bindloe), Galápagos Islands, 0°l9'N, 90°34'W, Albatross station 3410, depth over 33l fathoms. Holotype (unique): MCZ 28428. •Valid as Gnathophis cinctus (Garman 1899) -- (Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1034 [ref. 22829], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:179 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:131 [ref. 24555], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:22 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:188 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:38 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:16 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis cinctus (Garman 1899). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

cinereus, Conger Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] in Klunzinger 1871:607 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Red Sea. Holotype: SMF 766. Validating the name Conger cinereus of Rüppell 1830:115, Pl. 29 [ref. 3843], which was not an independent species description, but a new genus applied to Conger assigned to Muraena cinerea Forsskål 1775, a muraenesocid. First available usage as Conger cinereus Rüppell in Klunzinger 1871 [ref. 2622] -- (Fricke 2008:15 [ref. 30182]). Authorship changed to Rüppell in Klunzinger, Aug. 2013. Name in prevailing usage. Nomen protectum according to Fricke 2008:15 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871 (dated 1830 by authors) -- (Dor 1984:33 [ref. 29757], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Castle 1986:164 [ref. 5644], Allen & Swainston 1988:34 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:141 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:25 [ref. 14125], Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285], Paulin et al. 1989:74 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:11 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:46 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:158 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:8 [ref. 25356], Quéro & Saldanha 1995:76 [ref. 22017], Randall 1995:59 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:54 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:109 [ref. 23922], Randall et al. 1997:46 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:58 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:68 [ref. 24106], Smith 1999:1687 [ref. 24661], Johnson 1999:722 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:5 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:84 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:229 [ref. 25086], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:120 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:7 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:229 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S96 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:612 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:68 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:6 [ref. 27624] dated 1828, Heemstra et al. 2004:3316 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:101 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:27 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:141 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:291 [ref. 28997], Fricke 2008:15 [ref. 30182], Fricke et al. 2009:20 [ref. 30213], Zhang et al. 2010:204 [ref. 31511], Fricke et al. 2011:354 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:113 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:251 [ref. 32706] dated 1830, Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:4 [ref. 33988] as cinereus cineereus dated 1828, Duffy & Ahyong 2015:108 [ref. 36167], Ho et al. 2015:146 [ref. 34130], Psomadakis et al. 2015:149 [ref. 34104], Springer & Johnson 2015:604 [ref. 33937], Smith et al. 2016:737 [ref. 34834], Koeda et al. 2016:9 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:49 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:25 [ref. 36273], Smith & Ho 2018:170 [ref. 36044], Arndt & Fricke 2019:14 [ref. 36883], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:117 [ref. 40104], Eagderi et al. 2019:17 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 5 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:283 [ref. 37272], Ramos-Castro et al. 2021:515 [ref. 38842], Eudeline 2022:130 [ref. 39191], Smith & Heemstra 2022:90 [ref. 39685], Kodeeswaran et al. 2023:483 [ref. 40021], Allen & Erdmann 2024:124 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:70 [ref. 41255]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Mayotte (France), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, Kermadec Islands and Rapa. Habitat: marine.

cingulus, Atopichthys Garman [S.] 1899:334, Pl. 67 (figs. 2-2a) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Eastern Pacific, 7°09'45"N, 80°50'W, Albatross station 3354, depth surface over 322 fathoms. Holotype (unique): MCZ 28423. •Synonym of Ariosoma gilberti (Ogilby 1898) -- (Raju 1985:3 [ref. 5287]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma gilberti (Ogilby 1898). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

ciuciara, Echelus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:65, Pl. 15 (fig. 3) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:42 [ref. 3595]. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454], Parenti 2019:102 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

cobra, Heteroconger Böhlke [J. E.] & Randall [J. E.] 1981:368, Figs. 1A-B, 2-3, 4A [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 31 (no. 2); ref. 8631] 7 miles west of Honists, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, western Pacific, depth 30-36 meters. Holotype: ANSP 142707. Paratypes: AMS I.17481-003 (2); ANSP 142708-09 (1, 1); BMNH 1976.7.5.22-23 (2); BPBM 16002 (3); CAS 36818 (2); USNM 216167 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:64 [ref. 13621], Smith 1994:8 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Heteroconger cobra Böhlke & Randall 1981 -- (Smith 1989:485 [ref. 13285], Allen 1997:58 [ref. 23977], Castle & Randall 1999:14 [ref. 24042], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Allen & Erdmann 2010:139 [ref. 30467], Allen & Erdmann 2012:115 [ref. 31980], Koeda et al. 2018:292 [ref. 35946], Allen et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37319], Allen & Erdmann 2024:126 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger cobra Böhlke & Randall 1981. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: North Sulawesi (Indonesia) and Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

coccoi, Helmichthys Facciolà [L.] 1882:168 [Naturalista Siciliano [Il Naturalista Siciliano, Giornale di scienze naturali] v. 1 (no. 7); ref. 1291] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

codoniphorus, Gnathophis Maul [G. E.] 1972:1 [Bocagiana. Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural) No. 31; ref. 7628] Meteor Seamount, northeastern Atlantic, Meteor station 171b, 29°50.2'N, 28°23.8'W, depth 300-304 meters. Holotype: MMF 22876. Paratypes: MMF 22545 (1 + 1 c&s). •Probably a synonym of Gnathophis mystax (De la Roche 1800) -- (Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:570 [ref. 13676]). •Valid as Gnathophis codoniphorus Maul 1972 -- (Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285], Uiblein et al. 1999:61 [ref. 24045], Smith 2016:1691 [ref. 34556], Carneiro et al. 2019:67 [ref. 37250]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis codoniphorus Maul 1972. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northeastern Atlantic: Meteor Seamount (Portugal EEZ) endemic. Habitat: marine.

coheni, Thalassenchelys Castle [P. H. J.] & Raju [S. N.] 1975:10, Fig. 3; Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Dana Report No. 85; ref. 772] Off California, U.S.A., 34°13'N, 125°54'W, depth 0-150 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 211811. Paratypes: LACM 9350-27 (1), 9737-1 (1); OSUO (7); SIO H51-359 (2), 71-300 (1), 71-302 (1), 74-60 (1); USBCF (1); UW (2). Type catalog: Smith 1994:39 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Thalassenchelys coheni Castle & Raju 1975 -- (Matarese et al. 1989:35 [ref. 26885], Love et al. 2005:17 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:144 [ref. 28379], Love et al. 2021:32 [ref. 39279]). •Synonym of Congriscus megastomus (Günther 1877) -- (Kurogi et al. 2015:[1] 239 [ref. 34038], Chow et al. 2016:2204, 2209 [ref. 34808]). •Synonym of Congriscus megastoma (Günther 1877) -- (Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Congriscus megastoma (Günther 1877). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

communis, Conger Costa [O. G.] 1844:Conger p. 2 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] [Napoli] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Published Oct. 1844. •Valid as Conger communis Costa 1844 -- (Herrera 1896:34 [ref. 39336]). •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:239 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:159 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

communis, Conger Cloquet [H.] 1818:271 (v. 10) [Dictionnaire des sciences Naturelles; ref. 852] Europe; northern Asia; America; Antilles. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

conger, Anguilla Shaw [G.] 1803:20 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Mediterranean Sea, North Sea. No types known. •Evidently a synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

conger, Muraena Linnaeus [C.] 1758:245 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea, Northeastern Atlantic [original: "in Oceano Europæo"]; localities include Gloucester, England; Marseille, France; Rome, Italy; Lesbos Island, Greece; Syria. No types known. Lectotype or neotype fixation needed. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:19 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Originally based on multiple species and at least 27 pre-Linnaean sources including Artedi 1738:24 [ref. 30578] and Artedi 1738:40 [ref. 30349] as Muræna supremo margine pinnæ dorsalis nigro; Rondelet 1554:394 [ref. 30354] as Conger, Charleton 1668:125 [ref. 30580] as Myrus, Willughby 1686:111 [ref. 30164] and Ray 1713:37 [ref. 30231] as Conger. •Valid as Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:239 [ref. 7185], Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:569 [ref. 13676], Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:159 [ref. 13454], Santos et al. 1997:23 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:58 [ref. 24952], Uiblein et al. 1999:61 [ref. 24045], Porteiro et al. 1999:27 [ref. 24203], Fricke 1999:19 [ref. 24101], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:33 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:144 [ref. 39343], Golani 2005:17 [ref. 37112], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:24 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:43 [ref. 30517], Fricke 2008:15 [ref. 30182], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:164 [ref. 31251], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:19 [ref. 36649], Bañón et al. 2011:262 [ref. 31676], Wirtz et al. 2013:118 [ref. 32972], Parin et al. 2014:50 [ref. 33547], Goren & Galil 2015:511 [ref. 33910], Bañón et al. 2016:304 [ref. 34397], Smith 2016:1687 [ref. 34556], Martins & Carneiro 2018:22 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:553 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:66 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:78 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:32 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 5 [ref. 38321], Kovačić et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:50 [ref. 38883], Golani 2021:17 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39014]). Current status: Valid as Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Iceland and Norway south to Senegal, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

congricinerei, Leptocephalus D'Ancona [U.] 1928:38, Pl. 3 (figs. 1-2c) [Memoria, Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano No. 146; ref. 15917] Red Sea. Holotype: MSNVE P-3. Original as congri cinerei; not listed as a new species and not intended as such. •Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871 -- (Dor 1984:33 [ref. 29757]). Current status: Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

congroides, Leptocephalus D'Ancona [U.] 1928:43, Pl. 3 (figs. 3-3a) [Memoria, Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano No. 146; ref. 15917] Kamaran, Yemen, Red Sea, depth 522 meters. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Leptocephalus is a catch-all name for larval eels. •Valid as Leptocephalus congroides D'Ancona 1928 -- (Dor 1984:34 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:8 [ref. 25356]). •Possibly a species of Heteroconger -- (Castle 1997:10 [ref. 22878]). •Valid as Heteroconger congroides (D'Ancona 1928) -- (Golani & Fricke 2018:25 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Uncertain as Heteroconger congroides (D'Ancona 1928). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Southern Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

congroides, Xenomystax Smith [D. G.] & Kanazawa [R. H.] in Smith 1989:563, Figs. 596-598 [Memoirs of the Sears Foundation of Marine Research Mem. 1 (part 9); ref. 13285] Off Suriname, 7°34'N, 54°50'W, Oregon station 2005, western Caribbean Sea, depth 366 meters. Holotype: USNM 217386. Paratypes: ANSP 109595 (4), 109599 (6), 109622 (8), 114952 (2); MCZ 38783 (2), 38802 (2), 38820 (1), 49337 (3); UF 213871 [ex UMML 13871] (1), 216873 [ex UMML 16873] (1), 217655 [ex UMML 17655] (1), 220902 [ex UMML 20902] (5), 229675 [ex UMML 29675] (1), 233478 [ex UMML 33478] (2); USNM 217387-88 (1, 1), 217441-42 (3, 2). Additional material: ANSP (11 lots, 38); MBI (1, missing); MCZ (3 lots, 5); UF [ex UMML] (8 lots, 19); USNM (52 lots, 265). Type catalog: Smith 1994:13 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Xenomystax congroides Smith & Kanazawa 1989 -- (Smith 1989:759 [ref. 13285], Boschung 1992:39 [ref. 23239], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:313 [ref. 23897], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Moore et al. 2003:175 [ref. 27076], Nelson et al. 2004:65 [ref. 27807], Tweddle & Anderson 2008:6 [ref. 29604], Melo et al. 2009:8 [ref. 30460], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Smith 2016:1694 [ref. 34556], Smith et al. 2017:42 [ref. 36260], Klautau et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37903], Fermon et al. 2022:120 [ref. 39448], Page et al. 2023:57 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:134 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xenomystax congroides Smith & Kanazawa 1989. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) and Bahamas south to northeastern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola. Habitat: marine.

coquettei, Ariosoma Smith [D. G.] & Kanazawa [R. H.] 1977:533, Fig. 4 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 4036] Off French Guiana, 7°10'N, 53°36'W, Pilsbury station 658, depth 69-74 fathoms. Holotype: ANSP 134203. Paratypes: RMNH 27391 (2), 27428 (2); USNM 158917 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:64 [ref. 13621], Smith 1994:5 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Ariosoma coquettei Smith & Kanazawa 1977 -- (Uyeno & Sasaki in Uyeno et al. 1983:110 [ref. 14275], Smith 1989:501 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:733 [ref. 13285], Cervigón 1992:302 [ref. 23827], Smith 2003:749 [ref. 26989], Carvalho-Filho 2023:55 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma coquettei Smith & Kanazawa 1977. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Guianas south to northern Brazil. Habitat: marine.

cotroneii, Leptocephalus D'Ancona [U.] 1928:47, Pl. 3 (figs. 6-8b) [Memoria, Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano No. 146; ref. 15917] Port Sudan, Sudan, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): MSNVE P-5. •Valid as Leptocephalus cotroneii D'Ancona 1928 -- (Dor 1984:34 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:8 [ref. 25356]). •In genus Gorgasia -- (Castle 1997:10 [ref. 22878]). •Mention -- (Castle & Randall 1999:45 [ref. 24042]). •Valid as Gorgasia cotroneii (D'Ancona 1928) -- (Golani & Fricke 2018:25 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia cotroneii (D'Ancona 1928). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

dentatus, Atopichthys Garman [S.] 1899:330, Pl. 66 (figs. 3-3a) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Ca. 420 km west of Tumaco, Colombia, 2°34'N, 82°29'W, eastern Pacific, Albatross station 3375, over bottom depth of 1201 fathoms. Holotype (unique): MCZ 28427. •Valid as Paraconger dentatus (Garman 1899) -- (Raju 1985:8 [ref. 5287]). •Valid as Chiloconger dentatus (Garman 1899) -- (Grove & Lavenberg 1997:179 [ref. 24023], Smith & Karmovskaya 2003:2 [ref. 27189], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:22 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:188 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:38 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:16 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:131 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Chiloconger dentatus (Garman 1899). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Colombia, including southern and central Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

dentex, Leptocephalus Collett [R.] 1896:153 [Poissons provenant des campagnes du Yacht "L'Hirondelle" (1885-1888) Fasc. 10; ref. 890] North Atlantic. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leptocephalus dentex Cantor 1849. •Questionably a synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Smith 1989:496 [ref. 13285]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

dentex, Leptocephalus Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1315 [333] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Penang, Malaysia. On page following 332 (mislabeled as 233) of separate. Congridae. Habitat: marine.

diaphanus, Helmichthys Costa [O. G.] 1844:Helmichthys p. 2, Pl. 31 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Published 12 Mar 1844. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:726 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

digueti, Taenioconger Pellegrin [J.] 1923:789 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 177; ref. 15423] Espiritu Santo Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Lectotype: MNHN 1901-260. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1901-0261 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:117 [ref. 20810]. Also in Pellegrin 1923:498, Figs. 1-5 [still researching reference]. Lectotype selected by Castle 1999:409, 413 [ref. 24044]. •Valid as Taenioconger digueti Pellegrin 1923 -- (Raju 1985:8 [ref. 5287]). •Valid as Heteroconger digueti (Pellegrin 1923) -- (Smith 1989:485 [ref. 13285], Allen & Robertson 1994:58 [ref. 22193], Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1031 [ref. 22829], Castle 1997:8 [ref. 22878], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:112 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:178 [ref. 24023], Castle & Randall 1999:3 [ref. 24042], Castle 1999:413 [ref. 24044], Thomson et al. 2000:49 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:22 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:442 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:606 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2021:39 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger digueti (Pellegrin 1923). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to central Mexico, including southern Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

discus, Leptocephalus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1902:91, Fig. 12 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 21 (1901); ref. 11071] San Salvador, Bahamas, at surface (nightlight). Syntypes: USNM 49761 (2). Type catalog: Smith 1994:8-9 [ref. 21917]. Young of Heteroconger halis (Böhlke 1957) but name discus has proiority. •Valid as Leptocephalus discus Eigenmann & Kennedy 1902 -- (Smith 1994:9 [ref. 21917]). •Synonym of e. Pacific Heteroconger longissimus Günther 1870 -- (Tyler & Luckhurst 1994:90 [ref. 22552]). Current status: Synonym of Heteroconger longissimus Günther 1870. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Habitat: marine.

dolichopterum, Ariosoma Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2015:719 [906], Fig. 1 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 55 (no. 6); ref. 34150] Coastal waters of Central Vietnam, 12°37'N, 109°28'E. depth 29 - 44 meters. Holotype: ZMMU 23861. Paratypes: IOM, ZMMU. •Valid as Ariosoma dolichopterum Karmovskaya 2015 -- (Smith et al. 2018:89 [ref. 36040], Ho et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36050], Kodeeswaran et al. 2021:6 [ref. 38318]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma dolichopterum Karmovskaya 2015. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India, Vietnam, Philippines and Taiwan (South China Sea). Habitat: marine.

dolichosomus, Bathyuroconger Smith [D. G.], Ho [H.-C.] & Tashiro [F.] 2018:156, Figs. 5D, 6 [Zootaxa 4454 (no. 1); ref. 36043] Off Daxi fishing port, Yilan, northeastern Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean. Holotype (unique): ASIZP 65175. •Valid as Bathyuroconger dolichosomus Smith, Ho & Tashiro 2018 -- (Ho et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36050]). Current status: Valid as Bathyuroconger dolichosomus Smith, Ho & Tashiro 2018. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northeastern Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

drachi, Paruroconger Blache [J.] & Bauchot [M.-L.] 1976:413, Figs. 21-22 [Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire (Sér A) Sciences Naturelles v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 305] Off Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo, depth 120 meters. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1975-1141. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:116 [ref. 20810]. •Valid as Paruroconger drachi Blache & Bauchot 1976 -- (Smith 1990:164 [ref. 13454], Smith 2016:1693 [ref. 34556]). Current status: Valid as Paruroconger drachi Blache & Bauchot 1976. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Republic of the Congo. Habitat: marine.

dubius, Pseudoxenomystax Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1927:6, Fig. 2 [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 635] North of Glovers Reef, Belize, depth 484 fathoms. Holotype: YPM 25. Paratypes: YPM 26 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:10 [ref. 16741]. •Valid as Rhechias dubia (Breder 1927) -- (Smith 1989:533 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:752 [ref. 13285], Boschung 1992:38 [ref. 23239], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192]). •Valid as Bathycongrus dubius (Breder 1927) -- (McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:297 [ref. 23897], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Karmovskaya 2009:149 [ref. 30139], Melo et al. 2009:7 [ref. 30460], Karmovskaya 2011:422 [ref. 31456], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:131 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus dubius (Breder 1927). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Georgia (U.S.A.) south to Uruguay, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

echinorhynchus, Bathymyrus Alcock [A. W.] 1889:305, Pl. 22 (fig. 6) [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 58 (pt 2, no. 3); ref. 84] 16 miles east of Devi River mouth in Mahanadi Delta, Investigator station 32, depth 68 fathoms. Holotype (unique): ZSI F12440. Alcock specimens: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 821 [ex ZSI F13757] (1). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:132 [ref. 20743], Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:35 [ref. 22148]. •Valid as Bathymyrus echinorhynchus Alcock 1889 -- (Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S95 [ref. 27377], Zhang et al. 2010:189 [ref. 31511] as Bathymurus e., Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31242], Psomadakis et al. 2015:149 [ref. 34104], Psomadakis et al. 2020:282 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Bathymyrus echinorhynchus Alcock 1889. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Oman east to China, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

eckmani, Leptocephalus Strömman [P. H.] 1896:16, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-3) [Leptocephalids in the University Zoological Museum at Upsala; ref. 4294] Central North Atlantic, between Europe the U.S.A. Lectotype: ZMUU 450i. Paralectotypes: (many) ZMUU 692a-o (450). Type catalog: Wallin 1996:61 [ref. 32133]. Lectotype selected by Bertin 1936:2 [ref. 20693]. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Smith 1989:495, 726 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

ectenurus, Leptocephalus Jordan [D. S.] & Richardson [R. E.] 1909:171, Pl. 66 (lower fig.) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 2493] Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Holotype: FMNH 52117 [ex CM 245]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 21259 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:53 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:48 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:52 [ref. 12367], Ho & Shao 2011:23 [ref. 31432]. Type designated in Pl. 66. •Valid as Rhynchoconger ectenurus (Jordan & Richardson 1909) -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:142 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:526 [ref. 13285], Ben-Tuvia 1993:353 [ref. 21130], Castle 1995:713 [ref. 22123], Chen et al. 1997:19 [ref. 26476], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Lee & Joo 1999:25 [ref. 25724], Nakabo 2000:231 [ref. 25086], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:231 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:146, 495 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S96 [ref. 27377], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370], Hoese & Gates 2006:296 [ref. 28997], Zhang et al. 2010:207 [ref. 31511], Ho & Shao 2011:23 [ref. 31432], Larson et al. 2013:30 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:26 [ref. 34464], Ho et al. 2015:8 [ref. 34116], Ho et al. 2015:149 [ref. 34130], Hibino in Kimura et al. 2018:29 [ref. 36460], Kim et al. 2020:57 [ref. 39118], Mohapatra et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39271], Sakai et al. 2024:[2] [ref. 41110]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchoconger ectenurus (Jordan & Richardson 1909). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Vietnam and Taiwan north to southern Korea and southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

emmae, Ariosoma Smith [D. G.] & Ho [H.-C.] in Smith, Ho, Huang & Chang 2018:90, Figs. 1, 3C, 5 [Zootaxa 4454 (no. 1); ref. 36040] Off Ke-tsu-liao, Kaohsiung, southwestern Taiwan, north tip of South China Sea. Holotype: NMMBP 26428. Paratypes: NMMBP, USNM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Ariosoma emmae Smith & Ho 2018 -- (Ho et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36050]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma emmae Smith & Ho 2018. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

enchodon, Leptocephalus Lea [E.] 1913:25, Fig. 20; Pl. 4 (no. 3) [Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 v. 3 (pt 1, no. 7); ref. 14158] North Atlantic, 36°52'N, 39°55'W, station 62, depth 150 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMUB 5029. Type catalog: Frøiland 1979:146 [ref. 21547]. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:240 [ref. 7185]). •Synonym of Hildebrandia flava (Goode & Bean 1896) -- (Froiland 1979:146 [ref. 21547]). •Synonym of Rhynchoconger flavus (Goode & Bean 1896) -- (Smith 1989:529 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:747 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchoconger flavus (Goode & Bean 1896). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

enigmaticus, Heteroconger Castle [P. H. J.] & Randall [J. E.] 1999:15, Figs. 2, 7; Pls. IB, IIIA [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 30; ref. 24042] Inshore from wreck of Japanese warship, east of Maumere Bay, Flores, Indonesia. Holotype: BPBM 34094. Paratypes: AMS I.38849-001 (1); BPBM 32317 (4), 34062 (8), 36266 (2), 38407 (11); CAS 201486 (1); USNM 349980 (1). •Valid as Heteroconger enigmaticus Castle & Randall 1999 -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Allen & Erdmann 2010:136 [ref. 30467], Allen & Erdmann 2012:116 [ref. 31980], Allen et al. 2020:15 [ref. 37319], Allen & Erdmann 2024:127 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger enigmaticus Castle & Randall 1999. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

erebennus, Leptocephalus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:849, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1239); ref. 2508] Misaki, Sagami, Japan. Holotype: CAS-SU 6466. Paratypes: CAS-SU 6968 (1), 12924-25 (1, 1); USNM 49866 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:48 [ref. 12291], Smith 1994:9 [ref. 21917]. Types: Shinohara & Williams 2006:549 [ref. 31656]. The paratypes are also paratypes of Conger jordani Kanazawa 1958. •Status uncertain, in Conger (Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285]). •Valid as Conger erebennus (Jordan & Snyder 1901) -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:229 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:229 [ref. 26001], Smith et al. 2016:737 [ref. 34834], Koeda et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38857]). Current status: Valid as Conger erebennus (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

erythraeus, Uroconger Castle [P. H. J.] 1982:205, Fig. 1 (a-d) [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 62 (1981) (nos 4/6); ref. 8499] Meseda Island, Sudan, western-central Red Sea, 21°14.45'-21°13.45'N, 37°15.90'-37°16.75'E, depth 823-824 meters. Holotype: SMF 15125. Paratypes: NMNZ P.10548 (1), P.10549 (1); SMF 15126 (1), 15127-28 (1, 1), 15129 (1), 16012-13 (1, 1). Type catalog: Hardy 1990:7 [ref. 18942]. •Valid as Uroconger erythraeus Castle 1982 -- (Dor 1984:34 [ref. 29757], Klausewitz 1986:288 [ref. 39512], Klausewitz 1994:464 [ref. 23564], Goren & Dor 1994:8 [ref. 25356], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[23] 261 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:26 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Valid as Uroconger erythraeus Castle 1982. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

esculentus, Conger Poey [F.] 1861:346 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Holotype (unique): MCZ 9330 [or 9328]. Poey specimens: ZMB 5971 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:173 [ref. 22926], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35195]. •Valid as Conger esculentus Poey 1861 -- (Smith 1989:519 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:744 [ref. 13285], Cervigón 1991:67 [ref. 24472], Cervigón 1992:303 [ref. 23827], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:142 [ref. 25013], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Mincarone & Smith 2005:59 [ref. 28406], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:26 [ref. 33341], Lins Oliveira et al. 2015:50 [ref. 37485], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35195], Carvalho-Filho 2023:55 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Conger esculentus Poey 1861. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Cuba and Jamaica south to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Habitat: marine.

evermanni, Congrosoma Garman [S.] 1899:308, Pl. 62 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Pacific Panama, 7°12'20"N, 80°55'W, Albatross station 3355, depth 182 fathoms. Holotype (unique): MCZ 28458. •Valid as Congrosoma evermanni Garman 1899 -- (Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1034 [ref. 22829]). Current status: Valid as Congrosoma evermanni Garman 1899. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

falcidens, Atopichthys Garman [S.] 1899:331, Pl. 66 (figs. 4-4a) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] About 25 nautical miles southeast of Punta Mala, (Pacific) Panama, 7°06'N, 79°48'W, Albatross station 3388, depth 1168 fathoms. Syntypes: MCZ 28426 (1). •Synonym of Bathycongrus macrurus (Gilbert 1891). Current status: Synonym of Bathycongrus macrurus (Gilbert 1891). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Congrus Richardson [J.] (ex Gray) 1846:312 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Chinese Sea. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:208, Pl. 12a [ref. 11606]). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Poeciloconger Günther [A.] 1872:673, Pl. 68 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3) (art. 1) (for 21 Nov. 1871); ref. 1997] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1871.7.20.63. •Valid as Poeciloconger fasciatus Günther 1872 -- (Klausewitz 1971:197 [ref. 39509], Castle 1990:123 [ref. 15487], Myers 1999:58 [ref. 23965], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830]). •Valid as Ariosoma fasciatus (Günther 1872) -- (Shen 1998:107 [ref. 24932], Mundy 2005:139 [ref. 28379], Allen & Erdmann 2012:113 [ref. 31980]). •Valid as Ariosoma fasciatum (Günther 1872) -- (Randall 2005:27 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:54 [ref. 30952], Ho & Shao 2011: 23 [ref. 31432], Ho et al. 2015:8 [ref. 34116], Ho et al. 2015:144 [ref. 34130], Smith et al. 2018:94 [ref. 36040], Smith & Heemstra 2022:87 [ref. 39685], Allen & Erdmann 2024:124 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma fasciatum (Günther 1872). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius); Indonesia east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

fijiensis, Congrellus Ogilby [J. D.] 1898:290 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 23 (pt 3); ref. 3276] Fiji Islands. Holotype (unique): MAMU. •Tentatively a synonym of Ariosoma scheelei (Strömman 1896) -- (Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Uncertain as Ariosoma scheelei (Strömman 1896). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

fijiensis, Parabathymyrus Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2004:S8, Fig. 5 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 44 (suppl. 1); ref. 28053] Lau Ridge, Fiji, 18°16'S, 178°41'W, depth 478-500 meters. Holotype (unique): MNHN 2000-0922. •Valid as Parabathymyrus fijiensis Karmovskaya 2004 -- (Ho et al. 2015:137 [ref. 34129]). Current status: Valid as Parabathymyrus fijiensis Karmovskaya 2004. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Fiji Islands. Habitat: marine.

flava, Congermuraena Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] 1896:138, Pl. 42 (fig. 159) [Special Bulletin U. S. National Museum No. 2; ref. 1848] Gulf of Paria, off northwestern Trinidad Island, Trinidad and Tobago, 10°37'40"N to 10°37'00"N, 61°42'40"W to 61°44'22"W, Albatross station 2121 and 2122, depth 31-34 fathoms (57-62 meters). Lectotype: USNM 44612. Paralectotypes: MCZ 28080 (1), 37165 (1, missing); USNM 44617 (1), 152573 [ex USNM 44612] (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:6 [ref. 21917]. Lectotype established as figured specimen in caption to Pl. 58, p. 3244 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446]; same specimen also selected by Ginsburg 1951:445 [ref. 1804]. •Valid as Hildebrandia flava (Goode & Bean 1896) -- (Uyeno & Sasaki in Uyeno et al. 1983:112 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:58 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1991:70 [ref. 24472], Cervigón 1992:303 [ref. 23827], Aguilera 1998:46 [ref. 24221]). •Valid as Rhynchoconger flavus (Goode & Bean 1896) -- (Smith 1989:529 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:747 [ref. 13285], Boschung 1992:38 [ref. 23239], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:308 [ref. 23897], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:150 [ref. 27754], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Nelson et al. 2004:65 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:125 [ref. 38945], Page et al. 2023:57 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:134 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchoconger flavus (Goode & Bean 1896). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: South Carolina (U.S.A.) south to northern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

flavipinnatus, Conger Bennett [E. T.] 1832:168 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 4944] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1856.2.15.17 [ex Zool. Soc.]. •Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871 -- (Fricke 1999:68 [ref. 24106] dated 1830). Current status: Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

flavirostris, Leptocephalus Snyder [J. O.] 1908:93 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 35 (no. 1635); ref. 4150] Misaki, Japan. Holotype: USNM 62230. Paratypes: CAS-SU 21100 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:48 [ref. 12291], Smith 1994:9 [ref. 21917]. Types: Shinohara & Williams 2006:549 [ref. 31656]. •Status uncertain -- (Smith 1994:9 [ref. 21917]). •Synonym of Ariosoma anago (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Smith et al. 2018:87 [ref. 36040]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma anago (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

foliaceus, Thalassenchelys Castle [P. H. J.] & Raju [S. N.] 1975:8, Fig. 2; Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2) [Dana Report No. 85; ref. 772] 2°59'N, 126°10'E, Dana station 3788, depth 1000 meters. Holotype: ZMUC P31334. Paratypes: (24) SIO 69-20 (2), 70-333 (1). Originally in the family Chlopsidae. Placement uncertain -- (Lavenberg 1988:253 [ref. 6617]). López et al. 2007:959 [ref. 29442] place in the Colocongridae based on DNA evidence. •Valid as Thalassenchelys foliaceus Castle & Raju 1975 -- (Shimokawa et al. 1995:89 [ref. 22702], Fricke et al. 2011:349 [ref. 31242]). •Synonym of Congriscus maldivensis (Norman 1939) -- (Kurogi et al. 2015:[6] 244 [ref. 34038], Chow et al. 2016:2204 [ref. 34808]). Current status: Synonym of Congriscus maldivensis (Norman 1939). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

fowleri, Bathyuroconger Smith [D. G.], Ho [H.-C.] & Tashiro [F.] 2018:158, Figs. 7, 8A [Zootaxa 4454 (no. 1); ref. 36043] Off northern Luzon, Hermanos Island, Philippines, 18.54°N, 122.02°E, depth 421 meters. Holotype: USNM 93376. Paratypes: USNM. •Valid as Bathyuroconger fowleri Smith, Ho & Tashiro 2018. Current status: Valid as Bathyuroconger fowleri Smith, Ho & Tashiro 2018. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Philippines and Moluccas (Indonesia), northwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

fugax, Heteroconger Koeda [K.], Fujii [T.] & Motomura [H.] 2018:288, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 4418 (no. 3); ref. 35946] Off Shirahama, Setouchi, Amami-oshima island, Amama Islands, Kagoshima, Japan, 28°12'N, 129°16'E, depth 32.5 meters. Holotype (unique): KAUM-I. 95673. •Valid as Heteroconger fugax Koeda, Fujii & Motomura 2018 -- (Allen et al. 2020:15 [ref. 37319], Allen & Erdmann 2024:127 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger fugax Koeda, Fujii & Motomura 2018. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: off Japan, South China Sea, Philippines and northeastern Borneo. Habitat: marine.

galzini, Gorgasia Castle [P. H. J.] & Randall [J. E.] 1999:34, Fig. 22 [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 30; ref. 24042] Off Japtan Island, lagoon side, Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, about 11°30'N, 162°15'E. Holotype: BPBM 38405. Paratypes: AMS 3885000 (1); BPBM 17457 (1), 30864 (5), 35736 (3), 38406 (6); CAS 201487 (1); USNM 349981 (1); WAM P.28540-011 (5). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:5 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Gorgasia galzini Castle & Randall 1999 -- (Myers & Donaldson 2003:612 [ref. 27495] with wrong authorship, Randall 2005:27 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:295 [ref. 28997], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:4 [ref. 33988]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia galzini Castle & Randall 1999. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

gegenbauri, Leptocephalus Kaup [J. J.] 1857:149, Pl. 17 (fig. 11) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Possible types: BMNH 1856.7.9.18 (1). •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

geminus, Leptocephalus Castle [P. H. J.] 1964:32 [Zoological Publications from Victoria University of Wellington No. 37; ref. 1611] Southwestern Pacific, 20°56'S, 163°46'E, depth 0-300 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1982-0291. Paratypes: (4) CSIRO (1, not found in 1997); MNHN 1982-0292 (1), 1982-0293 (1); 1 missing. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:120 [ref. 20810]. A probable composite of two species; if holotype is same species as Bathycongrus wallacei (Castle 1968), Bathycongrus geminus (Castle 1964) has priority. •Valid as Bathycongrus geminus (Castle 1964) -- (Castle 1995:710 [ref. 22123], Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31342]). •Synonym of Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther 1887) and/or Bathycongrus wallacei (Castle 1968) and/or Bathycongrus odontostomus (Fowler 1934) -- (Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Karmovskaya 2009:140 and 144 [ref. 30139]). Current status: Synonym of Bathycongrus. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

gilberti, Congrellus Ogilby [J. D.] 1898:288 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 23 (pt 3); ref. 3276] (Pacific) Panama, 8°06'30"N, 78°51'00"W, Albatross station 2797, depth 33 fathoms. Lectotype: USNM 44293. Paralectotypes: USNM 30930 (1), 125091 (2). Type catalog: Smith 1994:7 [ref. 21917]. Based on Ophisoma balearicum of Gilbert 1891:349 [ref. 1625]. Lectotype selected by Rosenblatt 1958:52 [ref. 21918]. •Valid as Ariosoma gilberti (Ogilby 1898) -- (Raju 1985:3 [ref. 5287], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Allen & Robertson 1994:57 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:38 [ref. 23101], Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1032 [ref. 22829], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:178 [ref. 24023], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:21 [ref. 37547], Smith in McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:188 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:143 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:442 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:606 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2021:38 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:16 [ref. 41326], Fricke et al. 2024:130 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma gilberti (Ogilby 1898). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica south to Peru, including Cocos Island (Costa Rica) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

ginanago, Rhynchocymba nystromi Asano [H.] 1958:197 [English p. 200], Fig. 1 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 67 (no. 7); ref. 12046] Off Owashi, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Holotype: FAKU 21440. Paratypes: FAKU 2045-47 (3), 2110 (1), 7701 (1), 19019 (1), 19030 (1), 19843 (1), 14989-91 (3), 15078-80 (3), 15082-84 (3), 21439 (1), 21443 (1), 23903-07 (5), 24675 (1). Based on Hatooka in Nakabo 2013. •Synonym of Gnathophis nystromi (Jordan & Snyder 1901), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:230 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:230 [ref. 26001], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370]). •Possibly a synonym of Gnathophis heterognathos (Bleeker 1858) -- (Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285]). •Synonym of Gnathophis heterognathos (Bleeker 1858) -- (Karmovskaya 2004:S15 [ref. 28053]). •Valid as Gnathopis ginanago (Asano 1958) -- (Shinohara et al. 2014:237 [ref. 33330], Ho et al. 2018:237 [ref. 36049]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis ginanago (Asano 1958). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

gnanadossi, Ariosoma Talwar [P. K.] & Mukherjee [P.] 1977:432, Fig. 1 [Indian Journal of Animal Sciences v. 47 (no. 7); ref. 27708] Off Madras, Bay of Bengal, east coast of India, depth 250 meters. Holotype (unique): ZSI F.7146/2. See Das 2003:350 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Ariosoma gnanadossi Talwar & Mukherjee 1977 -- (Psomadakis et al. 2015:148 [ref. 34104], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 5 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:282 [ref. 37272] as cf. gnanadossi, Kodeeswaran et al. 2021:10 [ref. 38318], Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39019], Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39196], Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39376], Ray et al. 2022:141 [ref. 39391], Kodeeswaran et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41146]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma gnanadossi Talwar & Mukherjee 1977. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. Habitat: marine.

gracile, Ariosoma Kodeeswaran [P.], Kathirvelpandian [A.], Mohapatra [A.], Kumar [T. T. A.] & Sarkar [U. K.] in Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Ray, Mohapatra, Kumar et al. 2024:120, Figs. 1a, 2a, 3-4 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 100 (no. 1); ref. 40791] Deep-sea trawl by-catch, Kalamukku Fishing Harbour, off Kerala coast, Arabian Sea, 9°59'N, 76°14'E. Holotype: NBFGR CONACOM. Paratypes: EBRC/ZSI F15709 (2), NBFGR/CONACOM.1-2 (2). •Valid as Ariosoma gracile Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Mohapatra, Kumar & Sarkar 2024. Current status: Valid as Ariosoma gracile Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Mohapatra, Kumar & Sarkar 2024. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea, southwestern Indian coast. Habitat: marine.

graciliceps, Bathycongrus Smith [D. G.] & Ho [H.-C.] 2018:133, Figs. 3E, 7 [Zootaxa 4454 (no. 1); ref. 36042] Daxi, Yilan, northeast Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean. Holotype: NMMBP 9141. Paratype: USNM. •Valid as Bathycongrus graciliceps Smith & Ho 2018 -- (Ho et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36050]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus graciliceps Smith & Ho 2018. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

gracilior, Congrina Ginsburg [I.] 1951:445, Fig. 3 [Texas Journal of Science v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 1804] Off Cape San Blas, Florida, U.S.A., 28°36'N, 85°33'30"W, Albatross station 2402, depth 111 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 44617. Paratypes: MCZ 37165 (1, missing). •Valid as Hildebrandia gracilior (Ginsburg 1951) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:58 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:304 [ref. 23827]). •Valid as Rhynchoconger gracilior (Ginsburg 1951) -- (Smith 1989:526 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:749 [ref. 13285], Boschung 1992:39 [ref. 23239], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:309 [ref. 23897], Castle & Smith 1999:975 [ref. 25141], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Moore et al. 2003:175 [ref. 27076], Nelson et al. 2004:65 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:57 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:134 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchoconger gracilior (Ginsburg 1951). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) south to northern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

gracilis, Leptocephalus Storer [D. H.] 1846:524 [Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (new series) v. 2 (art. 7); ref. 18840] Cherryfield, Maine, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Also described as new in Storer 1847:76 [ref. 18838]. •Synonym of Conger oceanicus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Conger oceanicus (Mitchill 1818). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

grahami, Gnathophis Karmovskaya [E. S.] & Paxton [J. R.] 2000:S8, Fig. 1d [Journal of Ichthyology v. 40 (suppl. 1); ref. 25768] New Castle, New South Wales, eastern Australia, 33°01'S, 152°02'E, depth 121 meters. Holotype: AMS I.34447-002. Paratypes: AMS I.34447-001 (1), I.34448-002 (1), I.34448-003 (1), I.33448-004 (2); CSIRO H 1102-03 (1), H 1103-03 (1), H 1550-02 (1); NMV A.4134 (1); QM I.12999 (1), I.19155 (1), I.21095 (2); ZMMU 20665 (1). Plus additional non-type material. Type information from Paxton, 9/30/2003 (pers. comm.). •Valid as Gnathophis grahami Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000 -- (Hoese & Gates 2006:293 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis grahami Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

gruncus, Echelus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:65, Pl. 17 (fig. 2) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:42 [ref. 3595]. •Questionable synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:110 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Uncertain as Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae. Habitat: marine.

guianensis, Paraconger Kanazawa [R. H.] 1961:8, Pl. 2 (figs. B-C) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 113 (no. 3450); ref. 2559] Off French Guiana, 5°52'N, 52°03'W, Oregon station 2044, depth 40 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 158902. Paratypes: USNM 158901 (3). Type catalog: Smith 1994:10 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Paraconger guianensis Kanazawa 1961 -- (Smith 1989:509 [ref. 13285], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:124 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:56 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Paraconger guianensis Kanazawa 1961. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: French Guiana south to northern Brazil. Habitat: marine.

guppyi, Congromuraena Norman [J. R.] 1925:313 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 15 (no. 86); ref. 15555] Tobago Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1924.7.22.21. •Valid as Rhynchoconger guppyi (Norman 1925) -- (Smith 1989:531 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:749 [ref. 13285], Cervigón 1992:304 [ref. 23827], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:310 [ref. 23897], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Caires & Figueiredo 2011:370 [ref. 31202], Page et al. 2023:57 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:134 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchoconger guppyi (Norman 1925). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

gussoni, Leptocephalus Cocco [A.] 1829:139 [Giornale di Scienze Lettere e Arti per La Sicilia Anno 7, v. 26 (no. 77); ref. 857] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:240 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:159 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

guttatus, Heteroconger Allen [G. R.], Erdmann [M. V.] & Mongdong [M. U.] 2020:10, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 35; ref. 37319] Venu Island, 80 km southwest of Kaimana, West Papua Province, Indonesia, -4.3230°, 133.5004°, depth 10 - 15 meters. Holotype: MZB 24902. Paratypes: MZB, USNM, WAM. •Valid as Heteroconger guttatus Allen, Erdmann & Mongdong 2020 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2024:127 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger guttatus Allen, Erdmann & Mongdong 2020. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: West Papua (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

guttulata, Congromuraena Günther [A.] 1887:252 [Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger v. 22 (pt 57); ref. 2013] Off Matuku, Fiji Islands [Koro Sea, South Pacific], Challenger station 173, 19°19.58'S, 179°41.83'E, depth 315 fathoms. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1887.12.7.248. •Valid as Rechias guttulata (Günther 1887) -- (Castle 1975:22 [ref. 25984], Smith 1989:533 [ref. 13285]). •Valid as Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther 1887) -- (Ben-Tuvia 1993:360 [ref. 21130], Castle 1995:710 [ref. 22123], Adam et al. 1998:8 [ref. 23610], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Mundy 2005:140 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:289 [ref. 28997], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:35 [ref. 29972], Karmovskaya 2009:140 [ref. 30139], Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31342], Karmovskaya 2011:417 [ref. 31456], Ho et al. 2015:145 [ref. 34130], Fricke et al. 2018:49 [ref. 35805], Smith & Ho 2018:137 [ref. 36042], Ramos-Castro et al. 2021:514 [ref. 38842], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:63 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther 1887). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and Gulf of Aden east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Fiji, north to Taiwan, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

gutturosus, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1883:8, Pl. 4 (fig. 7) [Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Memorié v. 6 (pt 1); ref. 17476] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

habenatus, Congrus Richardson [J.] 1848:109, Pl. 50 (figs. 1-5) [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Cook Strait, New Zealand. Holotype (unique): BMNH [ex Royal Coll. Surgeons] 1982.5.7.1. •Valid as Gnathophis habenatus (Richardson 1848) -- (Castle 1986:165 [ref. 5644], Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285], Paulin et al. 1989:75 [ref. 24556], Gomon et al. 1994:213 [ref. 22532], Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000:S12 [ref. 25768], Fricke et al. 2011:354 [ref. 31242], Smith & Stewart 2015:278 [ref. 34234]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis habenatus (Richardson 1848). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific Ocean. Habitat: marine.

haeckeli, Leptocephalus Kaup [J. J.] 1860:270, Pl. 3 (fig. B) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 6 (no. 34) (art. 36); ref. 2582] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: ZMB 4069 (1), 4072 (1). Congridae. Habitat: marine.

halis, Nystactes Böhlke [J. E.] 1957:68, Pl. 4; Figs. 1A, 2-6 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 109; ref. 598] About 1/4 miles north of the east end of Green Cay, Bahamas, 25°07'00"N, 77°11'15"W, depth about 35 feet. Holotype: ANSP 75156. Paratypes: ANSP 75157 (now 7, orig. 10), 75158 (1, stained), 75159-60 (1, 3), 75161 (1, stained), 75162 (1), 119074 [ex 75157] (1, missing); SMF 4775 [ex ANSP 75157] (1); CAS-SU 52107 [ex ANSP 75157] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:64 [ref. 13621]. If the e. and w. Atlantic populations are considered separate species, H. longissimus applies to the e. Atlantic form and H. halis to the w. Atlantic form. •Valid as Nystactichthys halis (Böhlke 1957) -- (Klausewitz 1971:31 [ref. 39504]). •Questionably a synonym of Taenioconger longissimus (Günther 1870) -- (Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:572 [ref. 13676]). •Valid as Heteroconger halis (Böhlke 1957) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:59 [ref. 23100], Smith 1989:485 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:737 [ref. 13285]). •Synonym of Heteroconger longissimus Günther 1870 -- (Tyler & Luckhurst 1994:90 [ref. 22552], González-Lorenzo et al. 1995:554 [ref. 22877], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:142 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:150 [ref. 27754], Smith 2002:834 [ref. 26549]). Current status: Synonym of Heteroconger longissimus Günther 1870. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic [if treated as valid]. Habitat: marine.

harringtonensis, Leptocephalus Mowbray [L. L.] 1931:unpagin. p. 1 [Fauna Bermudensis v. 1; ref. 13453] Harrington Sound, Bermuda. Holotype (unique): FMNH 48442. Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:52 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Paraconger caudilimbatus (Poey 1867) -- (Smith 1989:507 [ref. 13285], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:143 [ref. 25013]). Current status: Synonym of Paraconger caudilimbatus (Poey 1867). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

hassi, Xarifania Klausewitz [W.] & Eibl-Eibesfeldt [I.] 1959:138, Figs. 6, 8, 15, 16 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 40 (nos 3/4); ref. 2616] Addu Atoll, between Gan Island and Fedu Island, Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean. Holotype: SMF 4556. Paratypes: SMF 4557-58 (2), 4559-60 (2). •Valid as Xarifania hassi Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959 -- (Klausewitz 1967:335 [ref. 39499]). •Valid as Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959) -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:29 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:142 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:485 [ref. 13285], Winterbottom et al. 1989:11 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:46 [ref. 15987], Castle 1997:15 [ref. 22878], Allen 1997:58 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:46 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:58 [ref. 23965], Castle & Randall 1999:19 [ref. 24042], Fricke 1999:70 [ref. 24106], Chen et al. 1999:114 [ref. 38834], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Allen 2000:84 [ref. 37268] as haasi, Nakabo 2000:233 [ref. 25086], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:120 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:233 [ref. 26001], Randall et al. 2002:155 [ref. 26192], Smith 2002:833 [ref. 26549], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:612 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:68 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:6 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:28 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:295 [ref. 28997], Imamura 2009:23 [ref. 30434], Fricke et al. 2009:21 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2010:136 [ref. 30467], Motomura et al. 2010:74 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:354 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:116 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:23 [ref. 33932], Ho et al. 2015:148 [ref. 34130], Koeda et al. 2016:9 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:50 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:117 [ref. 40104], Fricke et al. 2019:54 [ref. 36673], Allen et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37319], Ramos-Castro et al. 2021:516 [ref. 38842], Eudeline 2022:131 [ref. 39191], Smith & Heemstra 2022:95 [ref. 39685], Allen & Erdmann 2024:128 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Mayotte (France), Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Wake Atoll, Tonga, Samoa and Line Islands, north to Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to northwestern Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

hawaiiensis, Bathyuroconger Smith [D. G.], Ho [H.-C.] & Tashiro [F.] 2018:160, Figs. 8B [Zootaxa 4454 (no. 1); ref. 36043] Hawaiian Islands, north of Maui, 21.10°N, 156.23°W, depth 640-686 meters. Holotype: USNM 348215. Paratypes: BPBM, USNM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Bathyuroconger hawaiiensis Smith, Ho & Tashiro 2018. Current status: Valid as Bathyuroconger hawaiiensis Smith, Ho & Tashiro 2018. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands, Pacific. Habitat: marine.

hawaiiensis, Gorgasia Randall [J. E.] & Chess [J. R.] 1980:19, Figs. 1-3 [Pacific Science v. 33 (no. 1); ref. 6924] 100 meters north of Waawaa Point, south of Puako, Kona coast of Hawaii Island, Hawaiian Islands, depth 18 meters. Holotype: BPBM 21074. Paratypes: AMS I.20104-001 (1); ANSP 109646 (1); BMNH 1978.2.21.1 (1); BPBM 21075-76 (6, 7); CAS 40722 (1); SIO 69-430-26 (1); SMF 14102 [not 14052] (1); USNM 218333 (1); ZUMT 54065 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:65 [ref. 13621], Smith 1994:8 [ref. 21917], Aizawa et al. 2022:145 [ref. 39647]. Date of publication in 1980 -- see Mundy 2005:142 [ref. 28379]. •Valid as Gorgasia hawaiiensis Randall & Chess 1980 -- (Robison & Lancraft 1984:405 [ref. 6812], Shao 1990:11 [ref. 19169], Castle & Randall 1999:36 [ref. 24042], Mundy 2005:142 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:57 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia hawaiiensis Randall & Chess 1980. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

heemstrai, Kenyaconger Smith [D. G.] & Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2003:15, Figs. 10-12 [Zootaxa No. 343; ref. 27189] Off Kenya, Western Indian Ocean, 2°50'S, 40°31'W, depth 275 meters. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 13954. •Valid as Kenyaconger heemstrai Smith & Karmovskaya 2003. Current status: Valid as Kenyaconger heemstrai Smith & Karmovskaya 2003. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Off Kenya (East Africa). Habitat: marine.

hemiaspidus, Thyreoconger Wade [C. B.] 1946:189, Pl. 25 (figs. 1-3) [Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition 1932-40, Los Angeles v. 9 (no. 7); ref. 4542] North of Point Lobos, Gulf of California, 29°55'N, 112°46'50"W, Sonora, Mexico, depth 10 fathoms. Holotype: LACM 21717 [ex AHF 461]. Paratypes: LACM 21549 [ex AHF 299] (1), 21551 [ex AHF 310] (1). •Valid as Ariosoma hemiaspidus (Wade 1946) -- (Smith in McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:188 [ref. 30957], Tighe et al. 2019:1 [ref. 39678], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:130 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma hemiaspidus (Wade 1946). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico) to Gulf of California (Mexico) south to Guatemala. IUCN (2019): Data Deficient. Habitat: marine.

herrei, Taenioconger Wade [C. B.] 1946:197, Pl. 27 (figs. 1-3) [Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition 1932-40, Los Angeles v. 9 (no. 7); ref. 4542] East of San Francisco Island, Gulf of California, 24°49'45"N, 110°31'35"W, Mexico, depth 125-150 fathoms. Holotype (unique): LACM 21697 [ex AHF 904]. •Valid as Heteroconger herrei (Wade 1946) -- (Smith 1989:485 [ref. 13285]). •Status uncertain -- (Castle 1999:413 [ref. 24044]). •Synonym of Heteroconger digueti (Pellegrin 1923) -- (Castle & Randall 1999:3 [ref. 24042], Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Heteroconger digueti (Pellegrin 1923). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Habitat: marine.

hesperius, Leptocephalus wilsoni Whitley [G. P.] 1944:25, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales v. for 1943-44; ref. 4704] Leighton Beach, near Fremantle, Western Australia (found on beach). Holotype (unique): WAM P.2603-001. Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:7 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:5 [ref. 30117]. •Synonym of Conger wilsoni (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:141 [ref. 12442], Hoese & Gates 2006:292 [ref. 28997], Moore et al. 2009:5 [ref. 30117]). Current status: Synonym of Conger wilsoni (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

heterognathos, Myrophis Bleeker [P.] 1858:9, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 5 (art. 9); ref. 16963] Nagasaki, Japan. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.11.28.305. Spelled two ways originally, heterognathos in text (p. 3, 9) and in caption to Pl. 3, as heterognathus in legend on p. 12; latter regarded as a misspelling. •Valid as Gnathophis heterognathos (Bleeker 1858) -- (Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285], Karmovskaya 2004:S15 [ref. 28053], Ho et al. 2015:147 [ref. 34130], Ho et al. 2018:237 [ref. 36049] as heterognathus, Kim et al. 2020:57 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:19 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis heterognathos (Bleeker 1858). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Taiwan to Korea and Japan. Habitat: marine.

heterolinea, Lemkea Kotthaus [A.] 1968:33, Figs. 131-133, 152 [Meteor Forschungsergebnisse. Reihe D, Biologie No. 3; ref. 2669] Off Mombasa, 1°18'S, 41°56'E to 1°19.8'S, 41°53'E, depth 243-177 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMH 4959 [ex IOES 57]. Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:414 [ref. 21161]. •Valid as Gnathophis heterolinea (Kotthaus 1968) -- (Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285], Fricke et al. 2018:50 [ref. 35805], Smith & Heemstra 2022:92 [ref. 39685]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis heterolinea (Kotthaus 1968). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) north to Kenya, east to Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

hirsutus, Pseudoxenomystax Castle [P. H. J.] 1960:465, Fig. 1 [Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand v. 88 (pt 3); ref. 11903] Off Oaro, Kaikoura, New Zealand, depth 430 fathoms. Holotype: NMNZ P.2829. Paratypes: NMNZ P.2830 (4). Type catalog: Hardy 1990:7 [ref. 18942]. •Valid as Bassanago hirsutus (Castle 1960) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:140 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:75 [ref. 24556], Gomon et al. 1994:211 [ref. 22532], Smith 2008:175 [ref. 30621], Smith & Stewart 2015:274 [ref. 34234]). Current status: Valid as Bassanago hirsutus (Castle 1960). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Australia and new Zealand. Habitat: marine.

howensis, Congermuraena McCulloch [A. R.] & Waite [E. R.] 1916:438, Pl. 40 (fig. 2) [Transactions Royal Society of South Australia v. 40; ref. 15058] Lord Howe Island. Syntypes: AMS A.12281 (1), I.13691 (1), I.13893 (1). •Synonym of Ariosoma mauritianum (Pappenheim 1914) -- (Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285]). •Valid as Ariosoma howense (McCulloch & Waite 1916) -- (Karmovskaya 2004:S2 [ref. 28053] as howensis, Hoese & Gates 2006:288 [ref. 28997] as howensis, Smith & Stewart 2015:272 [ref. 34234] as howensis). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma howense (McCulloch & Waite 1916). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

humbermariorum, Leptocephalus Tommasi [L. R.] 1960:92, Fig. 2 [Neotrópica (La Plata) v. 6 (no. 21); ref. 11955] Brazil, 2°02'N, 42°58'W, station 335, depth 0-102 meters. Holotype (unique): (lost). •Valid as "Leptocephalus" humbermariorum Tommasi 1960 -- (Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192]). •Species inquirenda in Rhynchoconger -- (Melo & Caires 2016:4 [ref. 34981]). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: marine.

impressus, Conger Poey [F.] 1860:318 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454], Cervigón 1991:67 [ref. 24472]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

inaequalis, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1883:7, Pl. 4 (fig. 5) [Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Memorié v. 6 (pt 1); ref. 17476] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MZUF 5692 (1). Type catalog: Vanni 1991:220 [ref. 20099]. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:240 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:160 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

incognitus, Gnathophis Castle [P. H. J.] 1963:37, Fig. 7 (A-H) [Zoological Publications from Victoria University of Wellington No. 34; ref. 17976] Kaikoura coast, New Zealand, depth 40-50 fathoms. Holotype: NMNZ P.3073. Paratypes: NMNZ P.530 (1), P.1926 (1), P.1983 (1), P.2612 (1). Type catalog: Hardy 1990:7 [ref. 18942]. •Synonym of Gnathophis umbrellabius (Whitley 1948) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:142 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:214 [ref. 22532], Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000:S5 [ref. 25768], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:319 [ref. 28867], Hoese & Gates 2006:294 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis umbrellabius (Whitley 1948). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

incompositus, Leptocephalus Fowler [H. W.] 1944:164, Fig. 46 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Albuquerque Key, Caribbean Sea. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70131. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:120 [ref. 13621]. Congridae. Habitat: marine.

indicum, Ariosoma Kodeeswaran [P.], Kathirvelpandian [A.], Acharya [S.], Mohanty [S. R.], Mohapatra [A.], Kumar [T. T. A.] & Lal [K. K.] 2022:3, Figs. 1-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 100 (no. 6); ref. 39196] Trawl bycatch. Kalamukku fish landing centre, off Kochi, Arabian Sea, India. Holotype: NBFGR CONAIND. Paratypes: (18) EBRC/ZSI, NBFGR. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Ariosoma indicum Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Acharya, Mohanty, Mohapatra, Kumar & Lal 2022 -- (Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39376], Ray et al. 2022:141 [ref. 39391], Kodeeswaran et al. 2024:127 [ref. 40791], Kodeeswaran et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41146]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma indicum Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Acharya, Mohanty, Mohapatra, Kumar & Lal 2022. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: southwest and northeast coast of India. Habitat: marine.

indicus, Congerodon Kaup [J. J.] 1856:74 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2117. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:114 [ref. 20810]. •Synonym of Uroconger lepturus (Richardson 1845) -- (Bauchot et al. 1993:114 [ref. 20810]). Current status: Synonym of Uroconger lepturus (Richardson 1845). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

inferomaculatus, Leptocephalus Blache [J.] 1977:145, Fig. 48 [Faune Tropicale No. 20; ref. 22893] Gulf of Guinea, Gabon, 0°00'N/S, 8°29'E. Holotype: MNHN. Paratypes: (11) MNHN. •Valid, probably in Heterocongrinae -- (Smith 1989:739 [ref. 13285]). •In genus Gorgasia (Castle 1997:9 [ref. 22878]). •Valid as Gorgasia inferomaculata (Blache 1977) -- (Castle & Randall 1999:7 [ref. 24042], Smith 2002:833 [ref. 26549] by implication, Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192], Fermon et al. 2022:120 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia inferomaculata (Blache 1977). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Gabon. Habitat: marine.

inornatus, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1883:5, Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Memorié v. 6 (pt 1); ref. 17476] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:726 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

japonica, Gorgasia Abe [T.], Miki [M.] & Asai [M.] 1977:1, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Uo (Japanese Society of Ichthyologists) No. 28; ref. 7225] Near Hachijo-Kojima, 33°07'N, 139°42'E, Japan. Holotype: ZUMT 53977. Paratypes: (13) ANSP 139242 (1), BPBM 21149 [ex ZUMT] (1), CAS 40744 (1), RMNH 27691 (1), SMF 14310 (1), USNM 218468 (1), ZUMT 53978 (1), ZUMT 53979 (1), ZUMT ABE 17532 (1), ZUMT ABE 17198 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:65 [ref. 13621], Aizawa et al. 2022:146 [ref. 39647]. •Valid as Gorgasia japonica Abe, Miki & Asai 1977 -- (Robison & Lancraft 1984:405 [ref. 6812], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:29 [ref. 6441], Shao 1990:11 [ref. 19169], Nakabo 2000:234 [ref. 25086], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:234 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Zhang et al. 2010:219 [ref. 31511], Ho et al. 2015:147 [ref. 34130], Smith & Stewart 2015:282 [ref. 34234]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia japonica Abe, Miki & Asai 1977. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific; southeastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

japonicus, Conger Bleeker [P.] 1879:32, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde (Amsterdam) v. 18; ref. 460] Japan. Holotype (unique): ZMH 3748. Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:414 [ref. 21161]. •Status uncertain -- (Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285]). •Valid as Conger japonicus Bleeker 1879 -- (Ida in Okamura et al. 1982:61, 318 [ref. 8256], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Lee & Joo 1999:28 [ref. 25724], Nakabo 2000:229 [ref. 25086], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:229 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:146, 494 [ref. 26218], Motomura et al. 2010:74 [ref. 31256], Zhang et al. 2010:203 [ref. 31511], Kim et al. 2020:57 [ref. 39118]). •Synonym of Conger myriaster (Brevoort 1856) -- (Ho et al. 2015:147 [ref. 34130], Smith et al. 2016:734 [ref. 34834]). Current status: Synonym of Conger myriaster (Brevoort 1856). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

javanicus, Gavialiceps Karmovskaya [E. S.] 1993:750 [86] [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 33 (no. 6); ref. 22018] Southeastern Indian Ocean, 8°30'S, 111°55'E, depth 560-600 meters. Holotype: ZMMU P-15728. Paratypes: AMS I.22809-016 (2); BMNH 1984.1.1.6.7 (2), ZMMU P-15728 (1). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:17 [ref. 25714]. On p. 86 of English translation. •Valid as Gavialiceps javanicus Karmovskaya 1993 -- (Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Hoese & Gates 2006:293 [ref. 28997] in Congridae, Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:63 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps javanicus Karmovskaya 1993. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

jordani, Conger Kanazawa [R. H.] 1958:250, Fig. 4; Pl. 1 (fig. G) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 108 (no. 3400); ref. 12078] Misaki, Japan, Albatross. Holotype: USNM 71844. Paratypes: FMNH 62579 [ex USNM 71818] (1); CAS-SU 12924-5 (1, 1), 23466 (1); UMMZ 142803 (1), 165503-04 (?, 1), 165508 (1), 165517 (3), 165521 (2), 165535 (1), 165537 (1); USNM 26250 (1), 49866 (1), 71715-16 (1, 1), 71819 (1), 71843 (1), 71845 (1), 71963 (1), 72003 (1), 163467 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:27 [ref. 12367], Smith 1994:5-6 [ref. 21917]. Types: Shinohara & Williams 2006:549 [ref. 31656]. •Status uncertain -- (Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285]). •Valid as Conger jordani Kanazawa 1958 -- (Ho et al. 2015:146 [ref. 34130], Smith et al. 2016:737 [ref. 34834], Smith & Ho 2018:173 [ref. 36044], Sonoyama et al. 2020:18 [ref. 37637], Murase et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40935]). Current status: Valid as Conger jordani Kanazawa 1958. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Taiwan to Japan; possibly South Africa (southwestern Indian Ocean). Habitat: marine.

kannani, Ariosoma Kodeeswaran [P.], Kathirvelpandian [A.], Ray [D.], Kumar [T. T. A.], Mohapatra [A.] & Sarkar [U. K.] in Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Ray, Mohapatra, Kumar et al. 2024:124, Figs. 1b, 2b, 5 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 100 (no. 1); ref. 40791] Rameshwaram Fish Landing Centre, Tamil Nadu, Gulf of Mannar, east coast of India, Bay of Bengal, 9°16'N, 79°18'E. Holotype: NBFGR CONAKAN. Paratypes: EBRC/ZSI F15710 (1), F15711 (1). •Valid as Ariosoma kannani Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Ray, Kumar, Mohapatra & Sarkar 2024. Current status: Valid as Ariosoma kannani Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Ray, Kumar, Mohapatra & Sarkar 2024. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal, east coast of India. Habitat: marine.

kapala, Poeciloconger Castle [P. H. J.] 1990:121, Figs. 1A-C, 2 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 42 (no. 2) [1988]; ref. 15487] Off Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia, 32°41'S, 152°16'E to 32°44'S, 152°15'E, depth 46-64 meters. Holotype: AMS I.25923-005. •Valid as Poeciloconger kapala Castle 1990 -- (Hoese & Gates 2006:296 [ref. 28997], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:108 [ref. 36167]). •Valid as Ariosoma kapala (Castle 1990) -- (Smith et al. 2018:96 [ref. 36040]), Current status: Valid as Ariosoma kapala (Castle 1990). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: southeastern Australia, Kermadec Islands. Habitat: marine.

karrerae, Parabathymyrus Karmovskaya [E. S.] 1991:895 [6], Fig. 2c [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 31 (no. 6); ref. 19225] Western Indian Ocean, 22°19'S, 43°06'E, depth 330-335 meters. Holotype: ZIN 49970. Type catalog: Fricke et al. 2018:50 [ref. 35805]. On p. 6 of English translation. •Valid as Parabathymyrus karrerae Karmovskaya 1991 -- (Ho et al. 2015:131 [ref. 34129], Fricke et al. 2018:50 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Parabathymyrus karrerae Karmovskaya 1991. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: off southwestern Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

kaupii, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1882:185, Fig. 3 [Naturalista Siciliano [Il Naturalista Siciliano, Giornale di scienze naturali] v. 1; ref. 18077] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared as new in Facciolà 1885:185 [ref.26076]. •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

kellersi, Paramyrus Fowler [H. W.] 1932:1, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 81 (no. 2931); ref. 16368] Niuafoou Island, Tonga Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 91870. Type catalog: Smith 1994:10 [ref. 21917]. •Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871. Current status: Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

kiusiuanus, Leptocephalus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:851 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1239); ref. 2508] Hakata, Chikuzen Province, Kuisiu, Japan. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 6467. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:48 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Conger erebennus (Jordan & Snyder 1901) -- (Personal communication, David G. Smith, June 2017). Current status: Synonym of Conger erebennus (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

klausewitzi, Gorgasia Quéro [J.-C.] & Saldanha [L.] 1995:80, Fig. 4 [Cybium v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 22017] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, 21°04.7'S, 55°11.6'E, depth 170-225 meters. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1993-0003 (damaged). •Valid as Gorgasia klausewitzi Quéro & Saldanha 1995 -- (Castle & Randall 1999:40 [ref. 24042], Fricke 1999:70 [ref. 24106], Castle 1999:415 [ref. 24044], Fricke et al. 2009:20 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:114 [ref. 31980], Smith & Heemstra 2022:93 [ref. 39685], Allen & Erdmann 2024:125 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia klausewitzi Quéro & Saldanha 1995. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Comoros, western Mascarenes (La Réunion and Mauritius); Andaman Islands (India). Habitat: marine.

klausewitzi, Taenioconger Eibl-Eibesfeldt [I.] & Köster [F.] 1983:26 [Noticias de Galápagos No. 38; ref. 21935] Northwestern side of Gardner Island [Hood Island] near Española, Galápagos, depth 20-22 meters. Holotype: SMF 17700. Paratypes: SMF 17701-03 (1, 1, 1). •Valid as Heteroconger klausewitzi (Eibl-Eibesfeldt & Köster 1983) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:59 [ref. 22193], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:177 [ref. 24023], Castle & Randall 1999:7 [ref. 24042], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:188 [ref. 30957], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:6 [ref. 36248], Grove et al. 2022:16 [ref. 41326]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger klausewitzi (Eibl-Eibesfeldt & Köster 1983). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica south to Colombia, including Cocos Island (Costa Rica), Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

koellikeri, Leptocephalus Kaup [J. J.] 1857:148, Pl. 17 (fig. 10) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Possible types: ZMB 4070 (2) Messina. Originally as köllikeri. •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

labiata, Conger Castelnau [F. L.] 1879:396 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 3 (pt 4); ref. 764] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: MNHN A-1233. Type information: Bauchot et al. 1993:113-114 [ref. 20810]. Original as Conger? labiata. •Incertae sedis in Congridae -- (Paxton et al. 1989:143 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Conger wilsoni (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Bauchot et al. 1993:113 [ref. 20810], Gomon et al. 1994:212 [ref. 22532], Hoese & Gates 2006:292 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Synonym of Conger wilsoni (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

labiatus, Chiloconger Myers [G. S.] & Wade [C. B.] 1941:66, Pl. 7 [Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition 1932-40, Los Angeles v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 3133] Port Utria, Colombia, 5°59'10"N, 77°21'W, depth 15-30 fathoms. Holotype (unique): LACM 21559 [ex AHF 9]. •Valid as Chiloconger labiatus Myers & Wade 1941 -- (Raju 1985:8 [ref. 5287], Bussing & López S. 1994:38 [ref. 23101], Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1032 [ref. 22829], Love et al. 2005:22 [ref. 37547]). •Synonym of Chiloconger dentatus (Garman 1899) -- (Grove & Lavenberg 1997:179 [ref. 24023], Smith & Karmovskaya 2003:2 [ref. 27189]). Current status: Synonym of Chiloconger dentatus (Garman 1899). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

latedorsalis, Pseudophichthys Roule [L.] 1915:283 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 160 (no. 8); ref. 3817] About 3 miles north of Fayal, Azores, northeastern Atlantic, depth 950 meters. Syntypes: (2) MOM 0091-0544 (1). Type catalog: Belloc 1949:3 [ref. 21544]. Also appeared in Roule 1916:4 [ref. 3818]. •Valid as Promyllantor latedorsalis (Lea 1913) -- (Blache et al. 1973:243 [ref. 7185]). •Synonym of Pseudophichthys splendens (Lea 1913) -- (Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:572 [ref. 13676], Smith 1989:552 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:165 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudophichthys splendens (Lea 1913). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

lateralis, Scalanago Whitley [G. P.] 1935:218, Fig. 2 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 4); ref. 4683] Bondi Beach, near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: AMS IA.5891. Paratypes: AMS IA.590 (2). •Valid as Scalanago lateralis Whitley 1935 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:143 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:215 [ref. 22532], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Hoese & Gates 2006:297 [ref. 28997], Smith 2008:179 [ref. 30621], Smith & Stewart 2015:283 [ref. 34234]). Current status: Valid as Scalanago lateralis Whitley 1935. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Australia and New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

laureus, Leptocephalus Castle [P. H. J.] 1964:29, Fig. 10 (A-C) [Zoological Publications from Victoria University of Wellington No. 37; ref. 1611] 10 miles west of Bulari Pass, New Caledonia, depth about 120 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1982-0356. Paratypes: (5) MNHN 1982-0351 to 0354 (1, 1, 1, 1); 1 missing. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:121 [ref. 20810]. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

lentiginosus, Heteroconger Böhlke [J. E.] & Randall [J. E.] 1981:373, Figs. 1C, 5 upper, 6 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 31 (no. 2); ref. 8631] Northwestern side of Sentinelle de l'Est, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands, South Pacific, depth 21 meters. Holotype: BPBM 12591. Paratypes: ANSP 142715 (1), 142716 (1, c&s); CAS 45888 (1); USNM 221379 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:65 [ref. 13621], Smith 1994:8 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Heteroconger lentiginosus Böhlke & Randall 1981 -- (Smith 1989:485 [ref. 13285], Vigliola et al. 1996:379 [ref. 24777], Castle & Randall 1999:22 [ref. 24042], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Randall & Earle 2000:7 [ref. 25806], Randall et al. 2002:155 [ref. 26192], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Randall 2005:28 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2010:140 [ref. 30467], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:4 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2018:294 [ref. 35946], Allen et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37319]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger lentiginosus Böhlke & Randall 1981. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Marshall Islands and French Polynesia. Habitat: marine.

leptosomatus, Gnathophis Karrer [C.] 1983:24, Figs. 6 A-B [Faune Tropicale v. 23 (for 1982); ref. 5679] Northwest of Madagascar, 12°52'S, 48°10'E, depth 420-428 meters. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1979-0041. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:115 [ref. 20810]. •Valid as Gnathophis leptosomatus Karrer 1983 -- (Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285] dated 1982, Fricke et al. 2018:50 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis leptosomatus Karrer 1983. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: off northwestern Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

lepturus, Congrus Richardson [J.] 1845:106, Pl. 56 (figs. 1-6) [Ichthyology.--Part 3. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur.; ref. 20575] Canton, China [Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China, South China Sea]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1978.3.1.1. •Valid as Uroconger lepturus (Richardson 1845) -- (Dor 1984:34 [ref. 29757], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:29 [ref. 6441], Machida in Okamura & Kitajima 1984:97, 320 [ref. 8057], Castle 1986:165 [ref. 5644], Paxton et al. 1989:143 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:546 [ref. 13285], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:216 [ref. 24016], Goren & Dor 1994:8 [ref. 25356], Chen et al. 1997:19 [ref. 26476] dated 1844, Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:234 [ref. 24754], Mishra et al. 1999:83 [ref. 25315], Lee & Joo 1999:28 [ref. 25724], Nakabo 2000:231 [ref. 25086], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:231 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:146, 495 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S96 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:18 [ref. 27712], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370], Mundy 2005:142 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:297 [ref. 28997], Imamura 2009:23 [ref. 30434], Zhang et al. 2010:216 [ref. 31511], Larson et al. 2013:30 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:26 [ref. 34464], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:411 [ref. 33460], Psomadakis et al. 2015:150 [ref. 34104] as cf. lepturus, Ho et al. 2015:149 [ref. 34130], Motomura et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:305 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:50 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:26 [ref. 36273], Hibino in Kimura et al. 2018:30 [ref. 36460], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 5 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:57 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:285 [ref. 37272] as cf. lepturus, Ramos-Castro et al. 2021:517 [ref. 38842], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:63 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Uroconger lepturus (Richardson 1845). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southern Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and Madagascar east to Philippines, north to southern Korea and southern Japan, south to northern Australia; Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

leucophaeus, Congrus Richardson [J.] 1848:108 [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] No locality. Holotype (unique): BMNH 2008.4.9.7. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

lineatus, Leptocephalus Bonnaterre [J. P.] 1788:39, Pl. 86 (fig. 359) [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Holyhead, Anglesey, Anglesey County, northwestern Wales, United Kingdom. No types known. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:239 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:159 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

linnei, Conger Malm [A. W.] 1877:591 [ ref. 2881] Original as Linnéi. Tentatively regarded as an unneeded replacement name for Muraena conger Linnaeus 1758 (to avoid "Strickland tautonomy"). Locality Sweden. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

longicauda, Congromuraena Ramsay [E. P.] & Ogilby [J. D.] 1888:1022 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (Series 2) v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 18601] Parramatta River, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: AMS I.1618. Gnathophis is masculine so the combination should be Gnathophis longicaudus. •Synonym of Gnathophis habenatus (Richardson 1848), but questionably valid as a subspecies -- (Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000:S25 [ref. 25768]). •Synonym of Gnathophis habenatus (Richardson 1848) -- (Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:318 [ref. 28867]). •Valid as Gnathophis longicauda (Ramsay & Ogilby 1888) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:142 [ref. 12442], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000:S2 [ref. 25768], Hoese & Gates 2006:293 [ref. 28997], Smith 2008:177 [ref. 30621], Smith & Stewart 2015:279 [ref. 34234]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis longicauda (Ramsay & Ogilby 1888). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

longicauda, Congromuraena Alcock [A. W.] 1889:455 [31] [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 4 (no. 24); ref. 20525] Andaman Sea, 7 miles south-east by south of Ross Island, Investigator station 13, depth 265 fathoms. Lectotype: ZSI F11782. Paralectotypes: ZSI F11781 (1). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:132 [ref. 20743], Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:35 [ref. 22148]. On p. 31 of separate. Figured in Alcock 1892: Pl. 7 (fig. 5) [ref. 20531]. Lectotype selected by Castle 1995:717 [ref. 22123]. Objectively invalid, preoccupied by Congromuraena longicauda Ramsay & Ogilby 1888, replaced by Congromuraena macroceros Alcock 1894. •Synonym of Bathycongrus macrocercus (Alcock 1894) -- (Ben-Tuvia 1993:361 [ref. 21130], Castle 1995:710 [ref. 22123], Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:35 [ref. 29972]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Bathycongrus macrocercus (Alcock 1894). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

longicaudalis, Blachea Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2004:S23, Fig. 12 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 44 (suppl. 1); ref. 28053] Fiji, Vanua Balavu Island, 17°11'S, 178°41'W, depth 400-401 meters. Holotype: MNHN 2000-5209. Paratypes: MNHN 2000-1057 (1). •Valid as Blachea longicaudalis Karmovskaya 2004 -- (Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31342]). Current status: Valid as Blachea longicaudalis Karmovskaya 2004. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Fiji and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

longicavis, Bathycongrus Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2009:147, Fig. 3 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 49 (no. 2); ref. 30139] Vanuatu, New Hebrides Trench, 15°01'S, 166°56'E, depth 532-599 meters. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1997-0615. •Valid as Bathycongrus longicavis Karmovskaya 2009 -- (Karmovskaya 2011:417 [ref. 31456], Huang et al. 2018:116 [ref. 36041]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus longicavis Karmovskaya 2009. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Near Vanuatu. Habitat: marine.

longipectoralis, Acromycter Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2004:S21, Fig. 11 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 44 (suppl. 1); ref. 28053] New Caledonia, 18°58'S, 163°10'E, depth 580 meters. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1993-0224. •Valid as Acromycter longipectoralis Karmovskaya 2004 -- (Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31342], Fricke 2015:2 [ref. 33807]). Current status: Valid as Acromycter longipectoralis Karmovskaya 2004. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Madang (Papua New Guinea) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

longissimus, Heteroconger Günther [A.] 1870:45 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Lanzarote Island, Canary Islands. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1931.3.5.3. See account of Heteroconger halis -- If the e. and w. Atlantic populations are considered separate species, H. longissimus applies to the e. Atlantic form and H. halis to the w. Atlantic form. •Valid as Taenioconger longissimus (Günther 1870) -- (Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:573 [ref. 13676]). •Valid as Heteroconger longissimus Günther 1870 -- (Smith 1989:485 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:162 [ref. 13454], Tyler & Luckhurst 1994:90 [ref. 22552], González-Lorenzo et al. 1995:554 [ref. 22877], Castle 1997:8 [ref. 22878], Castle & Randall 1999:7 [ref. 24042], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:142 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:149 [ref. 27754], Smith 2002:834 [ref. 26549], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192], Smith 2003:749 [ref. 26989], Smith et al. 2003:9 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Lasso-Alcalá & Klein S. 2005:263 [ref. 28377], Wirtz et al. 2007:5, 26 [ref. 30263], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:26 [ref. 33341], Smith 2016:1692 [ref. 34556], Carneiro et al. 2019:67 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:75 [ref. 38139], Robertson et al. 2020:153 [ref. 38098], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:74 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:56 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:112 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:133 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger longissimus Günther 1870. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: including Madeira, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

luteolus, Heteroconger Smith [D. G.] 1989:488, Figs. 526-527 [Memoirs of the Sears Foundation of Marine Research Mem. 1 (part 9); ref. 13285] Eastern Gulf of Mexico off Florida, U.S.A., 28°42'00.3"N, 84°20'00.7"W, depth 33 meters. Holotype: ANSP 153941. Paratypes: ANSP 153942 (1). •Valid as Heteroconger luteolus Smith 1989 -- (Tyler & Luckhurst 1994:90 [ref. 22552], Castle 1997:8 [ref. 22878], Smith 1989:738 [ref. 13285], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:304 [ref. 23897], Castle & Randall 1999:7 [ref. 24042], Smith 2002:834 [ref. 26549], Smith 2003:749 [ref. 26989], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:133 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger luteolus Smith 1989. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) and Gulf of Mexico (U.S.A., Mexico). IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

lychnus, Atopichthys Garman [S.] 1899:335, Pl. 67 (figs. 3-a) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] About 5 nautical miles east-southeast of Punta Mariato, (Pacific) Panama, 7°09'45"N, 80°50'W, Albatross station 3354. Holotype (unique): MCZ 28422. •Synonym of Rhynchoconger nitens (Jordan & Bollman 1890). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchoconger nitens (Jordan & Bollman 1890). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

macrenteron, Leptocephalus D'Ancona [U.] 1928:32, Pl. 2 (figs. 10-11a) [Memoria, Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano No. 146; ref. 15917] Red Sea. Syntypes: (2) MSNVE P-2 (1). •Questionably a senior synonym of Ariosoma somaliense Kotthaus 1968 -- (Castle 1975:21 [ref. 25984]). •Synonym of Ariosoma mauritianum (Pappenheim 1914) -- (Dor 1984:33 [ref. 29757], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:59 [ref. 35264]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma mauritianum (Pappenheim 1914). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

macrocephalus, Conger Kanazawa [R. H.] 1958:254, Pl. 1 (fig. M) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 108 (no. 3400); ref. 12078] Verde Island passage, Luzon Island, Philippines, 13°34'37"N, 121°07'30"E, Albatross station 5367, depth about 180 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 164334. Type catalog: Smith 1994:6 [ref. 21917]. •Possibly the same as Conger philippinus Kanazawa 1958 -- (Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285]). •Valid as Conger macrocephalus Kanazawa 1958 -- (Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Ho et al. 2015:146 [ref. 34130], Smith et al. 2017:35 [ref. 36260], Smith & Ho 2018:176 [ref. 36044], Ali et al. 2021:195 [ref. 38674], Ramos-Castro et al. 2021:515 [ref. 38842], Ali et al. 2022:195 [ref. 39462], Kodeeswaran et al. 2023:480 [ref. 40021]). Current status: Valid as Conger macrocephalus Kanazawa 1958. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden (Yemen), Oman, Réunion; Philippines to Taiwan; Samoa. Habitat: marine.

macrocercus, Congromuraena Alcock [A. W.] 1894:134 [20] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 63 (pt 2); ref. 90] Andaman Sea, 7 miles south-east by south of Ross Island, Investigator station 13, depth 265 fathoms. Lectotype: ZSI F11782. Paralectotypes: ZSI F11781 (1). On p. 20 of separate. Replacement name for Congromuraena longicauda Alcock 1889, preoccupied by Congromuraena longicauda Ramsay & Ogilby 1888. Lectotype selected by Castle 1995:717 [ref. 22123]. •Valid as Bathycongrus macrocercus (Alcock 1894) -- (Ben-Tuvia 1993:361 [ref. 21130], Castle 1995:710 [ref. 22123], Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S95 [ref. 27377], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:35 [ref. 29972]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus macrocercus (Alcock 1894). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

macrophthalmus, Parabathymyrus Kamohara [T.] 1938:14, Fig. 4 [On the offshore bottom-fishes of Prov. Tosa; ref. 2551] Mimase, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Kamohara "neotype": BSKU 9983. Type catalog and "neotype" designation: Kamohara 1961:2 [ref. 19282], but neotype designation was not made in a revisory work and is invalid. •Valid as Parabathymyrus macrophthalmus Kamohara 1938 -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:27 [ref. 6441], Smith 1989:504 [ref. 13285], Nakabo 2000:227 [ref. 25086], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:227 [ref. 26001], Zhang et al. 2010:188 [ref. 31511] as Parabathymurus m., Ho et al. 2015:137 [ref. 34129], Ho et al. 2015:149 [ref. 34130], Ray et al. 2020:56 [ref. 37516], Ramos-Castro et al. 2021:517 [ref. 38842], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:63 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Parabathymyrus macrophthalmus Kamohara 1938. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: east coast of India east to Taiwan, north to Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

macroporis, Gnathophis Karmovskaya [E. S.] & Paxton [J. R.] 2000:S6, Fig. 1c [Journal of Ichthyology v. 40 (suppl. 1); ref. 25768] Cape Everard, Victoria, Australia, western Pacific, 37°48'S, 149°16'E, depth 164 meters. Holotype: AMS I.34699-001. Paratypes: AMS E.5492 (1), I.27676-005 (1); NMV A.13987-89 (1, 1, 1). Plus additonal material. •Valid as Gnathophis macroporis Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000 -- (Hoese & Gates 2006:294 [ref. 28997], Smith 2008:178 [ref. 30621]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis macroporis Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southeastern Australia. Habitat: marine.

macroporis, Pseudophichthys Kotthaus [A.] 1968:35, Figs. 138-140, 152 [Meteor Forschungsergebnisse. Reihe D, Biologie No. 3; ref. 2669] Off Socotra, western Indian Ocean, 11°33.9'N, 52°54'E to 11°38'N, 52°52'E, depth 337-175 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMH 4963 [ex IOES 60]. Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:414 [ref. 21161]. •Not in Pseudophichthys -- (Smith 1989:552 [ref. 13285]). •Probably an Acromycter -- (Castle 1995:715 [ref. 22123]). •Valid as Pseudophichthys macroporis Kotthaus 1968 -- (Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S96 [ref. 27377], Bañón et al. 2011:262 [ref. 31676]). •Valid as Bathycongrus macroporis (Kotthaus 1968) -- (Smith & Ho 2018:138 [ref. 36042]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus macroporis (Kotthaus 1968). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean and Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

macrops, Conger Günther [A.] 1870:40 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Madeira. Syntypes: ? BMNH 1855.9.19.1270 (1) Bahamas, Liverpool Mus. (1) whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Paraconger macrops (Günther 1870) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185], Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:571 [ref. 13676], Smith 1989:506 [ref. 13285], Santos et al. 1997:23 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:58 [ref. 24952], Smith 2016:1692 [ref. 34556], Brito et al. 2017:34 [ref. 41489] as cf. macrops, Carneiro et al. 2019:67 [ref. 37250], Moreno-Borges et al. 2019:90 [ref. 36587]). Current status: Valid as Paraconger macrops (Günther 1870). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Azores; Madeira; Canary Islands. Habitat: marine.

macropterus, Echelus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:64, Pl. 17 (fig. 3) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:42 [ref. 3595]. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:110 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae. Habitat: marine.

macrosoma, Congrina Ginsburg [I.] 1951:443, Fig. 1 [Texas Journal of Science v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 1804] Off Isle Dernière, Louisiana, U.S.A., 28°19'N, 90°59'W, Atlantis station 2840, depth 31 fathoms. Holotype: YPM 3939. Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:10 [ref. 16741]. •Synonym of Rhynchoconger flavus (Goode & Bean 1896) -- (Smith 1989:529 [ref. 13285], Cervigón 1991:70 [ref. 24472]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchoconger flavus (Goode & Bean 1896). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

macrouriceps, Rostroconger Smith [D. G.] 2018:79, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 4454 (no. 1); ref. 36039] Aurora, Luzon, Philippines, 15°11'04.2"N, 121°34'43.2"E, depth about 244-296 meters. Holotype (unique): ASIZP 68072. •Valid as Rostroconger macrouriceps Smith 2018. Current status: Valid as Rostroconger macrouriceps Smith 2018. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Off the east coast of Luzon, Philippines. Habitat: marine.

macrurum, Ophisoma Gilbert [C. H.] 1891:351 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 14 (no. 856); ref. 1625] Gulf of California, Mexico, 29°19'N, 112°50'W, Albatross station 3015, depth 145 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 44294. Type catalog: Smith 1994:9-10 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Ophisoma macrurum Gilbert 1891 -- (Bussing & López S. 1994:38 [ref. 23101]). •Valid as Bathycongrus macrurus (Gilbert 1891) -- (Raju 1985:15 [ref. 5287], Smith 1994:9 [ref. 21917], Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1033 [ref. 22829], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:38 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:131 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus macrurus (Gilbert 1891). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Colombia. Habitat: marine.

maculata, Gorgasia Klausewitz [W.] & Eibl-Eibesfeldt [I.] 1959:147, Figs. 13, 14, 17 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 40 (nos 3/4); ref. 2616] Tillanchong, entrance to Castle Bay, Nicobar Islands, Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SMF 4619. •Valid as Gorgasia maculata Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959 -- (Robison & Lancraft 1984:405 [ref. 6812], Winterbottom et al. 1989:11 [ref. 13251], Shao 1990:1 [ref. 19169], Castle 1997:15 [ref. 22878], Castle & Randall 1999:19 [ref. 24042], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Smith 2002:832 [ref. 26549], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Allen & Erdmann 2010:136 [ref. 30467], Allen & Erdmann 2012:114 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:23 [ref. 33932], Daly et al. 2018:4 [ref. 35897], Fricke et al. 2019:54 [ref. 36673], Smith & Heemstra 2022:93 [ref. 39685], Allen & Erdmann 2024:125 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia maculata Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Amirantes (Seychelles), western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) and Maldives east to Philippines and Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

maculatus, Leptocephalus della Croce [N.] & Castle [P. H. J.] 1966:156, Fig. 1 (A-C) [Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici dell'Universita di Genova v. 34 (no. 211); ref. 22894] Mozambique Channel, 19°34'S, 40°19'E, Anton Bruun station 404A, surface tow. Holotype (unique): Inst. Zool. Univ. Genoa. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leptocephalus maculatus Steindachner 1869. •Synonym of Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959) -- (Castle 1997:15 [ref. 22878], Castle & Randall 1999:19 [ref. 24042]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Habitat: marine.

magnaghii, Leptocephalus D'Ancona [U.] 1928:44, Pl. 3 (figs. 4-5a) [Memoria, Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano No. 146; ref. 15917] Red Sea. Syntypes: (4) MSNVE P-4. •Synonym of Uroconger lepturus (Richardson 1845) -- (Dor 1984:34 [ref. 29757]). •Possibly a species of Heteroconger -- (Castle 1997:10 [ref. 22878]). •Species of Heteroconger -- (Castle & Randall 1999:4 [ref. 24042]). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Red Sea. Habitat: marine.

major, Alloconger shiroanago Asano [H.] 1958:191 [English p. 195], Fig. 1 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 67 (no. 7); ref. 12045] Off Shibushi, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Holotype: FAKU 23355. Paratypes: FAKU 1118 (1), 12143 (1), 23353-54 (2), 23356-60 (5), 25278-79 (1, 1), 25281 (1), 26916 (1). The neuter form is majus agreeing with the gender of Ariosoma. •Probably a synonym of Ariosoma anago (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285]). •Synonym of Ariosoma shiroanago (Asano 1958), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:27 [ref. 6441], Shimizu & Hatooka 1997:2 [ref. 24377], Shen 1998:10 [ref. 23445], Nakabo 2000:228 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370]). •Valid as Ariosoma major (Asano 1958) -- (Lee & Joo 1999:23 [ref. 25724], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:228 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:145, 493 [ref. 26218], Zhang et al. 2010:195 [ref. 31511], Shinohara et al. 2014:236 [ref. 33330], Ho et al. 2015:144 [ref. 34130], Motomura et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35490], Wada et al. 2021:36 [ref. 38521]). •Valid as Ariosoma majus (Asano 1958) -- (Smith et al. 2018:95 [ref. 36040], Sonoyama et al. 2020:18 [ref. 37637], Kodeeswaran et al. 2021:10 [ref. 38318], Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39019], Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39196], Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39376], Ray et al. 2022:141 [ref. 39391], Kodeeswaran et al. 2024:127 [ref. 40791], Kodeeswaran et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41146]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma majus (Asano 1958). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: West Bengal (India), Vietnam, Philippines and Taiwan north to Japan. Habitat: marine.

maldivensis, Conger Norman [J. R.] 1939:37, Fig. 11 [Scientific Reports, John Murray Expedition v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 6556] Maldive area, station 145, depth 494 meters. Holotype: BMNH 1939.5.24.610-612 (352-mm spec.). Paratypes: BMNH 1939.5.24.610-612 (2 of 3). •Valid as Congriscus maldivensis (Norman 1939) -- (Adam et al. 1998:8 [ref. 23610], Karmovskaya 2004:S9 [ref. 28053], Kurogi et al. 2015:[6] 244 [ref. 34038], Chow et al. 2016:2209 [ref. 34808], Fricke et al. 2018:50 [ref. 35805], Yanagimoto et al. 2020:[2] [ref. 37970], Mochizuki et al. 2022:147 [ref. 39930]). Current status: Valid as Congriscus maldivensis (Norman 1939). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indo-Werst Pacific: Madagascar and Maldives east to northern Philippines; leptocephali found north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

marginatus, Conger Valenciennes [A.] in Eydoux & Souleyet 1850:201, Pl. 9 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 4501] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2152. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:114 [ref. 20810]. •Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871, but a valid subspecies -- (Mundy 2005:141 [ref. 28379]). •Valid as Conger marginatus Valenciennes 1850 -- (Randall 2005:27 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:55 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Valid as Conger marginatus Valenciennes 1850. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll. Habitat: marine.

marginatus, Congrogadus Vaillant [L. L.] & Sauvage [H.-E.] 1875:282 [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 3) v. 3; ref. 17853] Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9012 (1), 0000-9013 (8). Type catalog: Bauchot 1967:38 [ref. 20734], Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:86 [ref. 12478], Bauchot et al. 1993:114-115 [ref. 20810] but as holotype and paratypes. Ariosoma is neuter, so the correct combination is apparently Ariosoma marginatum. Preoccupied by Leptocephalus marginatus Kaup 1856 when placed in Ariosoma (by Bertin 1935, ref. 21550) -- David Smith pers. email 3 Jan. 2017. •Valid as Ariosoma marginatus (Vaillant & Sauvage 1875) -- (Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Bauchot et al. 1993:114 [ref. 20810]). •Valid as Ariosoma marginatum (Vaillant & Sauvage 1875) -- (Mundy 2005:139 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:55 [ref. 30952]). •Synonym of Ariosoma bowersi (Jenkins 1903). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma bowersi (Jenkins 1903). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

marginatus, Leptocephalus Kaup [J. J.] (ex Quoy & Gaimard) 1857:152, Pl. 19 (fig. 19) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Atlantic and Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2630 (1) Pondicherry, 0000-3412 (1) Atlantic, B-3164 (1) Atlantic. Type catalog: Bertin 1935:102-104 [ref. 21550], Bauchot et al. 1993:121 [ref. 20810]. •Atlantic specimens are Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:495, 726 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

marquesaensis, Congriscus Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2004:S12, Fig. 7 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 44 (suppl. 1); ref. 28053] Marquesas Islands, 8°58'S, 140°04'W, depth 391-408 meters. Holotype: MNHN 2000-0924. Paratypes: MNHN 2002-3732 (3). •Valid as Congriscus marquesaensis Karmovskaya 2004 -- (Kurogi et al. 2015:[4] 242 [ref. 34038]). Current status: Valid as Congriscus marquesaensis Karmovskaya 2004. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: South Pacific: Marquesas Islands. Habitat: marine.

mauritianus, Leptocephalus Pappenheim [P.] 1914:189, Fig. 8, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903 v. 15 (Zoologie v. 7); ref. 3361] South of Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): ZMB 19339 (poor condition). •Valid as Ariosoma mauritianum (Pappenheim 1914) -- (Castle 1975:21 [ref. 25984], Dor 1984:32 [ref. 29757], Castle 1986:162 [ref. 5644], Paxton et al. 1989:140 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Francis 1993:158 [ref. 25479], Klausewitz 1994:464 [ref. 23564], Goren & Dor 1994:8 [ref. 25356], Fricke 1999:68 [ref. 24106], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Hoese & Gates 2006:289 [ref. 28997], Fricke et al. 2009:20 [ref. 30213], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:59 [ref. 35264], Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31342], Fricke et al. 2018:48 [ref. 35805], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:61 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma mauritianum (Pappenheim 1914). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Solomon Islands, south to Western Australia at 32°S, New South Wales (Australia) at 33°33'S and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

maurolici, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1883:7, Pl. 4 (fig. 6) [Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Memorié v. 6 (pt 1); ref. 17476] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MZUF 5688-89 (2). Type catalog: Vanni 1991:220 [ref. 20099]. •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

maurostigma, Ariosoma Kodeeswaran [P.], Mohapatra [A.], Dhinakaran [A.], Kumar [T. T. A.] & Lal [K. K.] 2022:2, Figs. 1-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 100 (no. 3); ref. 39019] Off Kerala coast [Kalamukku fishing harbour], Arabian Sea, India, Western Indian Ocean, 9°59'2.2482"N, 76°14'7.6704"E. Holotype: NBFGR CONAMAUR. Paratypes: NBFGR CONAMAUR 1-4 (4), EBRC/ZSI F12905 (1). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Ariosoma maurostigma Kodeeswaran, Mohapatra, Dhinakaran, Kumar & Lal 2022 -- (Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39196], Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39376], Ray et al. 2022:141 [ref. 39391], Kodeeswaran et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41146]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma maurostigma Kodeeswaran, Mohapatra, Dhinakaran, Kumar & Lal 2022. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea, India. Habitat: marine.

mediopunctatus, Leptocephalus Castle [P. H. J.] 1964:34, Fig. 11 (A-C) [Zoological Publications from Victoria University of Wellington No. 37; ref. 1611] 20°50'S, 166°50'E, depth about 50 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1982-0358. Paratypes: (2) MNHN 1982-0359 (1); 1 missing. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:121 [ref. 20810]. •Synonym of Uroconger braueri Weber & de Beaufort 1916 -- (Castle 1975:23 [ref. 25984]). •Synonym of Bathyuroconger vicinus (Vaillant 1888) -- (authors). Current status: Synonym of Bathyuroconger vicinus (Vaillant 1888). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

meeki, Congrellus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1900:347, Pl. 11 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1213); ref. 2502] Tokyo Bay, Japan. Holotype (unique): USNM 49397. Type catalog: Smith 1994:7 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Ariosoma meeki (Jordan & Snyder 1900) -- (Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Nakabo 2000:227 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:227 [ref. 26001], Shinohara et al. 2014:236 [ref. 33330], Ho et al. 2015:144 [ref. 34130], Yeo & Kim 2016:121 [ref. 36303], Motomura et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35490], Hibino in Kimura et al. 2018:28 [ref. 36460], Karmovskaya 2018:409 [461] [ref. 36153], Smith et al. 2018:98 [ref. 36040], Kim et al. 2020:55 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:18 [ref. 37637], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:61 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma meeki (Jordan & Snyder 1900). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Vietnam east to Philippines, north to southern Korea and Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia), and Oshen Island (Melanesian Basin). Habitat: marine.

megalops, Ariosoma Fowler [H. W.] 1938:12, Fig. 1 [Hong Kong Naturalist No. 6, Suppl.; ref. 17760] Macao. Holotype: ANSP 68287. Paratypes: ANSP 68288 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:65 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Ariosoma megalops Fowler 1938 -- (Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Karmovskaya 2018:413 [465] [ref. 36153], Smith et al. 2018:101 [ref. 36040]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma megalops Fowler 1938. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Vietnam east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

megalops, Bathycongrus Fowler [H. W.] 1934:270, Fig. 31 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Between Siquijor and Bohol Islands, northern Mindanao Island, Philippines, Albatross station 5527, 9°22'30"N, 123°42'40"E, depth 392 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 92345. Paratypes: USNM 93295 (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:5 [ref. 21917]. •Synonym of Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther 1887) -- (Ben-Tuvia 1993:360 [ref. 21130]). •Valid as Bathycongrus megalops Fowler 1934 -- (Castle 1995:710 [ref. 22123]). •Synonym of Bathycongrus retrotinctus (Jordan & Snyder 1901) -- (Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:35 [ref. 29972]). Current status: Synonym of Bathycongrus retrotinctus (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

megastoma, Congromuraena Günther [A.] 1877:445 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 56); ref. 2009] Off Inoshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, Inland Sea. Syntypes: BMNH 1879.5.14.439 (3), NMI block reg. no. 114.1899 (1). Type catalog: Wheeler & O'Riordan 1969:94 [ref. 20752]. Also described as new in Günther 1880:73 [ref. 2011]. Specific name is an indeclinable noun. •Valid as Congriscus megastoma (Günther 1877) (often seen as megastomus) -- (Ida in Okamura et al. 1982:61, 318 [ref. 8256], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Machida in Okamura & Kitajima 1984:91, 318 [ref. 8057], Nakabo 2000:228 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:228 [ref. 26001], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370], Zhang et al. 2010:197 [ref. 31511], Shinohara et al. 2014:237 [ref. 33330], Kurogi et al. 2015:[1] 239 [ref. 34038], Ho et al. 2015:147 [ref. 34130], Chow et al. 2016:2209 [ref. 34808], Yanagimoto et al. 2020:[2] [ref. 37970], Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Congriscus megastoma (Günther 1877). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: China, Japan and Taiwan; eastern Pacific: Guadalupe Island (Mexico), Habitat: marine.

melanocoelus, Gnathophis Karmovskaya [E. S.] & Paxton [J. R.] 2000:S12, Fig. 5d [Journal of Ichthyology v. 40 (suppl. 1); ref. 25768] Rottnest Island, Western Australia, 32°00'S, 115°16'E, depth 156 meters. Holotype: WAM P.7435-001. Paratypes: AMS I.40431-001 (1), WAM P.7436-001 (1), 7437-001 (1), 7438-001 (1), ZMUU 20667 (1). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:5 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Gnathophis melanocoelus Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000 -- (Hoese & Gates 2006:294 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis melanocoelus Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Australia: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

melanopterus, Conger Kodeeswaran [P.], Smith [D. G.], Dhas [D.], Kumar [T. T. A.] & Lal [K. K.] 2023:475, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 5244 (no. 5); ref. 40021] Colachel fishing harbour (deep-sea trawl), Indian Ocean, southwest coast of India, 8°10'21.92"N, 77°15'2.98"E. Holotype (unique): NBFGR CONCMEL. •Valid as Conger melanopterus Kodeeswaran, Smith, Dhas, Kumar & Lal 2023. Current status: Valid as Conger melanopterus Kodeeswaran, Smith, Dhas, Kumar & Lal 2023. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: southwest coast of India. Habitat: marine.

melanospilos, Ariosoma Kodeeswaran [P.], Jayakumar [T. K. T.], Akash [S.], Kumar [T. T. A.] & Lal [K. K.] 2021:3, Figs. 2-5a, 6a [Marine Biodiversity v. 51 (art. 47); ref. 38318] Off Kanyakumari [Colachel fish landing centre], southwest coast of India, Indian Ocean, 8°10'21.92"N, 77°15'2.98"E. Holotype: NBFGR CONAMEL. Paratype: ZSI F14502/2 (1). •Valid as Ariosoma melanospilos Kodeeswaran, Jayakumar, Akash, Kumar & Lal 2021 -- (Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39019], Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39196], Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:9 [ref. 39376], Kodeeswaran et al. 2024:127 [ref. 40791], Kodeeswaran et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41146]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma melanospilos Kodeeswaran, Jayakumar, Akash, Kumar & Lal 2021. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: southwest coast of India. Habitat: marine.

melanostomus, Bathycongrus Huang [J.-F.], Ho [H.-C.], Chen [H.-M.] & Chan [T.-Y.] 2022:79, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 5189 (no. 1); ref. 39625] Off Shihtiping, Hualien, eastern Taiwan, circa 23°29'N, 121°30E, depth about 300 meters. Holotype: TOU-AE 7271. Paratypes: NMMB P36072 [ex TOU-AE 5560] (1), TOU-AE 7272 (1). •Valid as Bathycongrus melanostomus Huang, Ho, Chen & Chan 2022. Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus melanostomus Huang, Ho, Chen & Chan 2022. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

mellissii, Congromuraena Günther [A.] 1870:42 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] St. Helena Island, South Atlantic. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.10.8.50. Previously appeared as name only in Günther 1869:239 [ref. 13284]. •Valid as Ariosoma mellissii (Günther 1870) -- (Edwards & Glass 1987:628 [ref. 9166], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:158 [ref. 13454], Smith 2016:1690 [ref. 34556]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma mellissii (Günther 1870). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Southern central Atlantic: Saint Helena endemic. Habitat: marine.

mercyae, Heteroconger Allen [G. R.] & Erdmann [M. V.] 2009:137, Figs. 2-4 [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 3); ref. 30467] Papisol Bay, West Papua, Indonesia, 4°04.601'S, 133°02.576'E, Papua Barat Province, depth 5-6 meters. Holotype: NCIP 6352. Paratypes: NCIP 6353 (3); USNM 391795 (4); WAM 33088-001 (5). Full article not yet seen. •Valid as Heteroconger mercyae Allen & Erdmann 2009 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:117 [ref. 31980], Koeda et al. 2018:292 [ref. 35946], Allen et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37319], Allen & Erdmann 2024:128 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger mercyae Allen & Erdmann 2009. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines and New Britain (Papua New Guinea). Habitat: marine.

michaelsarsi, Leptocephalus Lea [E.] 1913:24, Fig. 18; Pl. 4 (no. 1) [Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 v. 3 (pt 1, no. 7); ref. 14158] North Atlantic, 48°02'N, 39°65'W, station 81, depth 150 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMUB 5094. Type catalog: Fro{/iland 1979:146 [ref. 21547]. Original as Michael-Sarsi, correction mandatory. •In genus Paraconger -- (Smith 1989:735 [ref. 13285]). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

microphthalmus, Leptocephalus Beebe [W.] & Tee-Van [J.] 1928:58, Fig. [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 15836] Port-au-Prince Bay, Haiti, West Indies, surface nightlight. Holotype (unique): USNM 170906 [ex NYZS 7080]. Type catalog: Mead 1958:133 [ref. 20648], Smith 1994:9 [ref. 21917]. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Smith 1989:496 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:726 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454]). •Status uncertain -- (Smith 1994:9 [ref. 21917], probably not Ariosoma). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

microps, Gnathophis Karmovskaya [E. S.] & Paxton [J. R.] 2000:S10, Fig. 5b [Journal of Ichthyology v. 40 (suppl. 1); ref. 25768] Northwestern Shelf, Western Australia, 18°16'S, 118°12'E, depth 320 meters. Holotype: AMS I.22821-022. Paratypes: AMS I.22821-054 (5), WAM P.28056-005 (1). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:5 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Gnathophis microps Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000 -- (Hoese & Gates 2006:294 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis microps Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Australia: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

microstomus, Conger Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:83, Pl. 43 (fig. 4) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MNHN 0000-8435. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:114 [ref. 20810]. Name written microstoma in list of figures and on figure caption. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

minor, Ariosoma Howell Rivero [L.] 1934:339, Fig. 1 [Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural v. 8 (no. 6); ref. 3767] Havana, Cuba. Holotype (unique): MCZ 33452. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Smith 1989:496 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

monganius, Leptocephalus Phillipps [W. J.] 1932:230 [The New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 16393] Wharf at Mangonui, Doubtless Bay, New Zealand. Holotype: NMNZ P.433. Type catalog: Hardy 1990:7 [ref. 18942]. •Valid as Conger monganius (Phillipps 1932) -- (Smith & Stewart 2015:276 [ref. 34234]). Current status: Valid as Conger monganius (Phillipps 1932). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Australia and New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

morrisianus, Leptocephalus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:142, 143, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Holyhead, Great Britain. No types known. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:240 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

morrisii, Leptocephalus Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1150 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] North Atlantic. No types known. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:239 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:159 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

multidens, Conger Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:84, Pl. 44 (fig. 1) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MNHN 0000-8428. •Synonym of Conger orbignianus Valenciennes 1837 -- (Smith 1990:160 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger orbignianus Valenciennes 1837. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

multivertebratum, Ariosoma Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2004:S5, Fig. 3 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 44 (suppl. 1); ref. 28053] Eiao Island, Marquesas Islands, 7°51'S, 140°30'W, depth 416-460 meters. Holotype: MNHN 2000-0921. Paratypes: MNHN 2000-0919 (4), 2000-0920 (1), 2002-3731 (1), 2000-4581 (1). •Valid as Ariosoma multivertebratum Karmovskaya 2004 -- (Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:4 [ref. 33988]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma multivertebratum Karmovskaya 2004. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Marquesas Islands. Habitat: marine.

musteliceps, Congromuraena Alcock [A. W.] 1894:133 [19], Pl. 7 (fig. 5) [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 63 (pt 2); ref. 90] Bay of Bengal, 13°51'12"N, 80°28'12"E, Investigator station 162, depth 265-457 meters. Lectotype: ZSI F13698. Paralectotypes: ZSI F13699-13702 (4). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:132 [ref. 20743] as holotype and paratypes, Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:36 [ref. 22148]. On p. 19 of separate. Figured in Alcock 1895: Pl. 15 (fig. 7) [ref. 20532]. ZSI F13701 apparently lost. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. Lectotype selected by Castle 1995:717 [ref. 22123]. •Valid as Gnathophis musteliceps (Alcock 1894) -- (Castle 1995:713 [ref. 22123]). •Valid as "Congromuraena" musteliceps Alcock 1894 -- (Smith et al. 2017:37 [ref. 36260], Psomadakis et al. 2020:284 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis musteliceps (Alcock 1894). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Oman east to Myanmar. Habitat: marine.

myriaster, Anguilla Brevoort [J. C.] 1856:282 [30], Pl. 11 (fig. 2) [Notes on some figures of Japanese fish taken from recent specimens by the artists of the U. S. Japan Expedition. Pp. 253-288, Pls. 3-12 (color) In: M. C. Perry, Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan.; ref. 17284] Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan. No types known. On p. 30 of separate. Based on a drawing. •Valid as Conger myriaster (Brevoort 1856) -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Machida in Okamura & Kitajima 1984:93, 318 [ref. 8057], Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285], Cheng & Zhou 1997:98 [ref. 26385], Nakabo 2000:229 [ref. 25086], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Shimizu 2001:20 [ref. 25799], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:229 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:146,494 [ref. 26218], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370], Zhang et al. 2010:199 [ref. 31511], Shinohara et al. 2014:237 [ref. 33330], Ho et al. 2015:146 [ref. 34130], Motomura et al. 2015:14 [ref. 34709], Smith et al. 2016:737 [ref. 34834], Smith & Ho 2018:178 [ref. 36044], Kim et al. 2020:57 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:19 [ref. 37637], Ramos-Castro et al. 2021:516 [ref. 38842]). Current status: Valid as Conger myriaster (Brevoort 1856). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: China and Taiwan to Korea and Japan. Habitat: marine.

mystacis, Leptocephalus congri Roule [L.] 1919:102, Pl. 7 (figs. 4a-b) [Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert 1er, prince souverain de Monaco v. 52; ref. 19805] South Atlantic. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

mystax, Muraena Delaroche [F. E.] 1809:328 [42], Pl. 23 (fig. 10) [Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 13; ref. 17380] Barcelona, Spain, western Mediterranean Sea. Holotype: MNHN 0000-8438. Paratypes: MNHN B-3157 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:116 [ref. 20810]. On p. 42 and Pl. 4 of separate. •Valid as Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185], Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:570 [ref. 13676], Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:161 [ref. 13454], Andreata & Séret 1996:582 [ref. 16204] as "sp. aff. mystax", Uiblein et al. 1999:61 [ref. 24045], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:33 [ref. 26753], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192], Golani 2005:18 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:24 [ref. 29533], Figueroa & Ehrlich 2006:234 [ref. 29812] as De la Roche, Lipej & Dulčić 2010:19 [ref. 36649], Bañón et al. 2011:262 [ref. 31676], Smith 2016:1688 [ref. 34556], Nión et al. 2016:25 [ref. 35565] as Gnatophis, Carneiro et al. 2019:67 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:32 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37519], Golani 2021:17 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39014]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic; Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: southern Portugal south to Morocco, including Azores and Madeira. Habitat: marine.

naeocepaeus, Taenioconger Böhlke [J. E.] 1951:32, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1951 (no. 1); ref. 12350] Patalon, Zamboanga Province, Mindanao, Philippines. Holotype: CAS-SU 16052. Paratypes: CAS-SU 16051 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:49 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Gorgasia naeocepaeus (Böhlke 1951) -- (Robison & Lancraft 1984:405 [ref. 6812], Shao 1990:1 [ref. 19169]). •Valid as Gorgasia naeocepaena [sic] (Böhlke 1951) -- (Castle & Randall 1999:43 [ref. 24042]). •Valid as Gorgasia naeocepaea (Böhlke 1951) -- (Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661] as neocepea, Allen & Erdmann 2010:136 [ref. 30467], Allen & Erdmann 2012:115 [ref. 31980], Allen & Erdmann 2024:126 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia naeocepaea (Böhlke 1951). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: West Papua (Indonesia) and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

nancyae, Ariosoma Shen [S.-C.] 1998:10, Figs. 3A, 3B, 5C, 6C [Zoological Studies v. 37 (no. 1); ref. 23445] Nanfangao fish market, northeastern coast of Taiwan. Holotype: NTUM 07871. Paratypes: ASIZT 058529 (2). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:23 [ref. 31432]. •Synonym of Ariosoma fasciatum (Günther 1872) -- (Randall 2005:27 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:54 [ref. 30952], Ho & Shao 2011:23 [ref. 31432], Ho et al. 2015:8 [ref. 34116], Ho et al. 2015:144 [ref. 34130], Smith et al. 2018:94 [ref. 36040]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma fasciatum (Günther 1872). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

nasica, Congromuraena Alcock [A. W.] 1894:183 [15] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 62 (pt 2, No. 4); ref. 89] Bay of Bengal, 15°04'07"N, 80°25'07"E, Investigator station 137, depth 128 fathoms. Lectotype: ZSI F13454. Paralectotypes: ZSI F13453 (1), F13455-56 (1, 1). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:132 [ref. 20743], Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:36 [ref. 22148], Castle 1995:715 [ref. 22123]. On p. 15 of separate. Figured in Alcock 1894: Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [ref. 17304]. Lectotype selected by Castle 1995:715 [ref. 22123]. •Valid as Bathycongrus nasicus (Alcock 1894) -- (Ben-Tuvia 1993:362 [ref. 21130], Castle 1995:708 [ref. 22123], Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141] dated 1893, Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:35 [ref. 29972], Psomadakis et al. 2020:282 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus nasicus (Alcock 1894). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

nasutus, Gnathophis Karmovskaya [E. S.] & Paxton [J. R.] 2000:S11, Fig. 5c [Journal of Ichthyology v. 40 (suppl. 1); ref. 25768] Northwest of Dampier, 19°44'S, 116°01'E, Western Australia, depth 100 meters. Holotype: AMS I.26944-001. Paratypes: AMS I.22875-001 (orig. 5, now 3); CSIRO CA 2720 (1), C 2751 (1), C 2752 (1); WAM P.31739-001(1); ZMUU 20666 (1). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Moore et al. 2009:5 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Gnathophis nasutus Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000 -- (Hoese & Gates 2006:294 [ref. 28997], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:61 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis nasutus Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia (Australia). Habitat: marine.

nebulosus, Echelus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:64 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:42 [ref. 3595]. •Questionable synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Parenti 2019:110 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Uncertain as Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

neocaledoniensis, Gnathophis Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2004:S17, Fig. 9 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 44 (suppl. 1); ref. 28053] New Caledonia, 18°56'S, 163°12'E, depth 520 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1995-0393. Paratypes: MNHN 2000-5646 (1), 2002-3733 (2). •Valid as Gnathophis neocaledoniensis Karmovskaya 2004 -- (Fricke et al. 2011:354 [ref. 31242]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis neocaledoniensis Karmovskaya 2004. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Chesterfield Islands and north of New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

neocaledoniensis, Taenioconger hassi Castle [P. H. J.] 1967:7, Fig. 1 [Records of the Dominion Museum (Wellington) v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 7805] Off Nouméa, New Caledonia, depth about 20 meters. Holotype: NMNZ P.4675. Paratypes: NMNZ P.4330 (8). Type catalog: Hardy 1990:7 [ref. 18942]. •Synonym of Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959) -- (Castle & Randall 1999:19 [ref. 24042], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:319 [ref. 28867]). Current status: Synonym of Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Habitat: marine.

neoguinaicus, Conger Bleeker [P.] 1859:22 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 6 (art. 2); ref. 14003] Doreh Bay [Doreh], off Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia, New Guinea, ca. 0°53'25''S 134°05'29''E. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1867.11.28.324 (1) New Guinea. •Tentatively a synonym of Ariosoma scheelei (Strömman 1896) -- (Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Uncertain as Ariosoma scheelei (Strömman 1896). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

nezumi, Promyllantor Asano [H.] 1958:198, 201, Fig. 2 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 67 (no. 7); ref. 12046] Off Owashi, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Holotype: FAKU 19099. Paratypes: FAKU 1943-44 (2), 2074 (1), 2109 (1), 2169 (1), 4071 (1), 7904 (1), 13952 (1), 13955-56 (2), 14993 (1), 14996 (1), 17351-53 (3), 17383 (1), 17697-700 (4), 19049-59 (11), 19100-06 (7), 20826-30 (5), 20940-43 (4), 21377 (1), 21444-45 (2), 21714 (1), 23888-902 (15), 24697-718 (22), 24720-28 (9), 24730-54 (25). •Valid as Acromycter nezumi (Asano 1958) -- (Machida in Okamura & Kitajima 1984:95, 319 [ref. 8057], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Smith 1989:556 [ref. 13285], Nakabo 2000:230 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2001:293 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:230 [ref. 26001], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370], Zhang et al. 2010:210 [ref. 31511], Ho et al. 2018:233 [ref. 36049], Ho et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36050]). Current status: Valid as Acromycter nezumi (Asano 1958). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan, China and Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

nicobarensis, Xarifania hassi Klausewitz [W.] & Eibl-Eibesfeldt [I.] 1959:143, Fig. 7 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 40 (nos 3/4); ref. 2616] Tillanchong, entrance to Castle Bay, Nicobar Islands, depth 25-30 meters. Holotype (unique): SMF 4588. •Synonym of Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959) -- (Castle & Randall 1999:19 [ref. 24042]). Current status: Synonym of Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Habitat: marine.

nielseni, Pseudoxenomystax Karmovskaya [E. S.] 1990:770 [8], Figs. 1c, 2d [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 30 (no. 5); ref. 20148] Eastern Pacific, 22°05'S, 81°15'W, depth 230 meters. Holotype: ZIN 49433. Paratypes: AMS I.28704-001 (1); IOM uncat. (2, 2); ZMMU P-18049 (1); ZIN 49434 (1). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:17 [ref. 25714]. On p. 8 of English translation. •Valid as Pseudoxenomystax nielseni Karmovskaya 1990 -- (Pequeño 1997:80 [ref. 23536]). •Valid as Bassanago nielseni (Karmovskaya 1990) -- (Andrew et al. 1995:9 [ref. 38009], Caires & Figueiredo 2011:370 [ref. 31202] as not confirmed in Brazil). Current status: Valid as Bassanago nielseni (Karmovskaya 1990). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Chile; southern-central Atlantic: Tristan da Cunha Group. Habitat: marine.

nigra, Muraena Risso [A.] 1810:93 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-8401 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:116, 130 [ref. 20810]. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:239 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:159 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

nigrimanus, Ariosoma Norman [J. R.] 1939:39, Fig. 12 [Scientific Reports, John Murray Expedition v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 6556] Gulf of Aden, station 194, depth 220 meters. Holotype: BMNH 1939.5.24.621-622 (300-mm spec.). Paratypes: BMNH 1939.5.24.621-623 (1 of 2). The species epithet is a noun in apposition, and does not change its ending. •Valid as Ariosoma nigrimanum Norman 1939 -- (Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S95 [ref. 27377], Smith & Heemstra 2022:88 [ref. 39685]). •Valid as Ariosoma nigrimanus Norman 1939 -- (Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma nigrimanus Norman 1939. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique; Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

nigriventris, Macrocephenchelys Lin [J.], Shao [K.-T.] & Smith [D. G.] 2018:194, Figs. 3C, 5-7 [Zootaxa 4454 (no. 1); ref. 36045] Nan-fang-ao, Yilan, northeastern Taiwan, depth about 200 meters. Holotype: TOU-AE 6893. Paratypes: ASIZP, NMMBP, TOU-AE, USNM. •Valid as Macrocephenchelys nigriventris Lin, Shao & Smith 2018 -- (Ho et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36050], Kodeeswaran et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40191]). Current status: Valid as Macrocephenchelys nigriventris Lin, Shao & Smith 2018. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: northeastern and southwestern Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

nitens, Ophisoma Jordan [D. S.] & Bollman [C. H.] 1890:153 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 12 (no. 770); ref. 2433] Off Pacific coast of Panama/Colombia, 8°47'00"N, 79°29'30"W, Albatross station 2801, depth 14 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 44395. Type catalog: Smith 1994:10 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Hildebrandia nitens (Jordan & Bollman 1890) -- (Raju 1985:11 [ref. 5287]). •Valid as Rhynchoconger nitens (Jordan & Bollman 1890) -- (Smith 1989:526 [ref. 13285], Allen & Robertson 1994:59 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:38 [ref. 23101], Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1035 [ref. 22829], Béarez et al. 2002:9 [ref. 26262], Nelson et al. 2004:65 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:22 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], González-Murcia et al. 2019:288 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:39 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:57 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:134 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchoconger nitens (Jordan & Bollman 1890). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of central Baja California (Mexico) south to southern Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

noordziekii, Conger Bleeker [P.] 1857:86 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 2 (art. 7); ref. 356] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia; Prigi, southeastern Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: (6) ?BMNH 1867.11.28.290 (1) E. Indian Arch. Not used as valid after 1900; therefore reversal of precedence in favor of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871. •Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871 -- (Mundy 2005:141 [ref. 28379] dated 1830). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

notialis, Paraconger Kanazawa [R. H.] 1961:9, Pl. 2 (fig. D) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 113 (no. 3450); ref. 2559] Senegal coast, depth 35-40 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1961-0301 [ex IFAN 839]. Paratypes: MNHN 1975-874 [ex IFAN 56-837] (1), 1975-875 [ex IFAN 56-876], 1975-876 [ex IFAN 56-877] (1), 1975-1170 [ex IFAN 55-1452] (1), 1975-1169 [ex IFAN 58-229] (1); MMF 3319 (1); USNM 177891 [ex IFAN 56-839] (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:116 [ref. 20810], Smith 1994:10 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Paraconger notialis Kanazawa 1961 -- (Smith 1989:506 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:164 [ref. 13454], Wirtz et al. 2013:118 [ref. 32972], Smith 2016:1689 [ref. 34556], Carneiro et al. 2019:67 [ref. 37250], Moreno-Borges et al. 2019:90 [ref. 36587], Reiner 2019:77 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:120 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Paraconger notialis Kanazawa 1961. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including Azores, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

novaecaesariensis, Atopichthys Fowler [H. W.] 1912:35, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 64; ref. 14955] Beesley's Point, Cape May County, New Jersey, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 982. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:120 [ref. 13621]. Originally as novae-caesariensis. •Synonym of Conger oceanicus (Mitchill 1818). Current status: Synonym of Conger oceanicus (Mitchill 1818). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

nuttalli, Atopichthys Fowler [H. W.] 1912:11, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 64; ref. 1385] Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Holotype (unique): ANSP 1042. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:120 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Ariosoma marginatum (Vaillant & Sauvage 1875) -- (Mundy 2005:139 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:55 [ref. 30952] with question). •Synonym of Arisoma bowersi (Jenkins 1903). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma bowersi (Jenkins 1903). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

nystromi, Leptocephalus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:853, Fig. 5 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1239); ref. 2508] Nagasaki, Japan. Holotype: CAS-SU 6469. Additional material or paratypes: ANSP 26215-16 (2), BMNH 1903.5.14.140 (1), CAS-SU 6969 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:48 [ref. 12291], Böhlke 1984:65 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Gnathophis nystromi (Jordan & Snyder 1901) -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:170 [ref. 27969], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Choi et al. 2003:146, 494 [ref. 26218], Zhang et al. 2010:206 [ref. 31511]). •Possibly a synonym of Gnathophis heterognathos (Bleeker 1858) -- (Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285]). •Valid as Gnathophis nystromi (Jordan & Snyder 1901), subspecies nystromi -- (Lee & Joo 1999:27 [ref. 25724], Nakabo 2000:230 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:230 [ref. 26001], Mundy 2005:141 [ref. 28379], Shinohara et al. 2011:39 [ref. 31715], Shinohara et al. 2014:237 [ref. 33330]). •Synonym of Gnathophis heterognathos (Bleeker 1858) -- (Karmovskaya 2004:S15 [ref. 28053], Ho et al. 2015:147 [ref. 34130]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis heterognathos (Bleeker 1858). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western North Pacific and central Pacific (Hawaii Ridge) [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

obscura, Xarifania Klausewitz [W.] & Eibl-Eibesfeldt [I.] 1959:144, Figs. 11-12 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 40 (nos 3/4); ref. 2616] Great Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands, Indian Ocean, depth 15 meters. Holotype (unique): SMF 4634. •Valid as Heteroconger obscurus (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959) -- (Smith 1989:485 [ref. 13285], Castle & Randall 1999:23 [ref. 24042], Allen & Erdmann 2012:117 [ref. 31980], Allen et al. 2020:15 [ref. 37319], Allen & Erdmann 2024:129 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger obscurus (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959). Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Northeastern Indian Ocean: Nicobar Islands (India). Habitat: marine.

obtusa, Anguilla (Ophisoma) Swainson [W.] 1839:334, 395 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Sicily, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1990:159 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

obtusus, Atopichthys Garman [S.] 1899:337, Pl. 67 (figs. 4-4a) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Gulf of Panama, 7°33'l2"N, 79°l7'l5", Albatross station 3386, depth 242 fathoms. Holotype (unique): MCZ 28421. •Valid as Gorgasia obtusa (Garman 1899) -- (Raju 1985:11 [ref. 5287]). •Valid as Chiloconger obtusus (Garman 1899) -- (authors). •Synonym of Chiloconger dentatus (Garman 1899) -- (Grove & Lavenberg 1997:179 [ref. 24023], Smith & Karmovskaya 2003:2 [ref. 27189], Fricke et al. 2024:131 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Chiloconger dentatus (Garman 1899). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

obud, Ariosoma Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1923:144, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Philippine Journal of Science v. 23 (no. 2); ref. 2117] Marinduque Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): BSMP (presumed destroyed). •Valid as Ariosoma obud Herre 1923 -- (Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma obud Herre 1923. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Philippines. Habitat: marine.

occidentalis, Conger DeKay [J. E.] 1842:314, Pl. 53 (fig. 172) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] New York, U.S.A. Holotype or syntypes: Cabinet of the Lyceum (whereabouts unknown). •Synonym of Conger oceanicus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Conger oceanicus (Mitchill 1818). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

oceanica, Anguilla Mitchill [S. L.] 1818:407 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 17775] Near Block Island, off New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Conger oceanicus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Smith 1986:393 [ref. 22186], Robins & Ray 1986:57 [ref. 23100], Edwards & Glass 1987:628 [ref. 9166], Scott & Scott 1988:82 [ref. 25518], Smith 1989:509 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:742 [ref. 13285], McAllister 1990:49 [ref. 14674], Boschung 1992:37 [ref. 23239], Murdy et al. 1997:64 [ref. 23144], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:300 [ref. 23897], Smith & Tighe in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:101 [ref. 26158], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Moore et al. 2003:174 [ref. 27076], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807]. Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Conger oceanicus (Mitchill 1818). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts south to Florida (U.S.A.), including Gulf of Mexico; southern-central Atlantic: Saint Helena. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

oculus, Helmichthys Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1866:525, Pl. (fig. 4) [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1866; ref. 3439] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: ZMB 6182 (1), 6239 (1). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

odontostomus, Uranoconger Fowler [H. W.] 1934:274, Fig. 34 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Gulf of Boni, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Albatross station 5656, 3°17'40"S, 120°36'45"E, depth 484 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 92351. Type catalog: Smith 1994:12 [ref. 21917]. •Synonym of Bathycongrus roosendaali (Weber & de Beaufort 1916) -- (Ben-Tuvia 1993:366 [ref. 21130]). •Valid as Bathycongrus odontostomus (Fowler 1934) -- (Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Hoese & Gates 2006:290 [ref. 28997], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:35 [ref. 29972], Karmovskaya 2009:144 [ref. 30139], Karmovskaya 2011:417 [ref. 31456], Huang et al. 2018:116 [ref. 36041]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus odontostomus (Fowler 1934). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

oligoporus, Conger Kanazawa [R. H.] 1958:251, Pls. 1 (fig. B), 3 (fig. B) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 108 (no. 3400); ref. 12078] 200 yards west of Diamond Head lighthouse, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands, depth 5-20 feet. Holotype: USNM 162512 [ex UH 1506]. Paratypes: (5) CAS 35772 (1), USNM 163567 (3). Type catalog: Smith 1994:6 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Conger oligoporus Kanazawa 1958 -- (Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285], Mundy 2005:141 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:55 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Valid as Conger oligoporus Kanazawa 1958. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands Ridge (Hancock Seamount to Moloka'i) and Johnston Atoll endemic. Habitat: marine.

olivaceovirens, Conger Commerson [P.] in Lacepède 1803:653 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Appeared as "Conger olivaceo-virens, immaculatus, lac et gluten plurimum fundens" in the account of Muraenoblenna olivacea. Regarded as non-binominal and not available. See ICZN Opinion 89. Congridae: Congrinae.

ophichthys, Atopichthys Garman [S.] 1899:333, Pl. 67 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Eastern Pacific, about 15 nautical miles east of Cocos Island, 5°30'N, W, 86°45'W, Albatross station 3366, surface over bottom depth of 1067 fathoms. Holotype (unique): MCZ 28424. •Valid as Paraconger ophichthys (Garman 1899). Current status: Valid as Paraconger ophichthys (Garman 1899). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

ophidiophthalmus, Ariosoma Karmovskaya [E. S.] 1991:891 [2], Fig. 2a [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 31 (no. 6); ref. 19225] Western Indian Ocean, 10°30'S, 61°10'E, depth 115-110 meters. Holotype: ZIN 49768. Paratypes: ZMMU P-18472 (1). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:16 [ref. 25714]. On p. 2 of English translation. •Valid as Ariosoma ophidiophthalmus Karmovskaya 1991 -- (Smith & Heemstra 2022:88 [ref. 39685]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma ophidiophthalmus Karmovskaya 1991. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Saya de Malha Bank endemic. Habitat: marine.

opistophthalmus, Conger Ranzani [C.] 1839:78 [14], Pl. 12 (figs. 1a-c) [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis v. 4 [1840]; ref. 18606] Brazilian Seas [original] or Mediterranean. Holotype (unique): MZUB 989. Appeared first without description as Conger opistophtalmus as Ranzani in Alessandrini 1838:433 [ref. 25852]. Dates to publication in a separate, on p. 14 and Pl. 5 in 1839; journal version in 1840. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185] with locality as Mediterranean). •Valid as Conger opistophthalmus Ranzani 1839 -- (Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285]). •Valid as Ariosoma opisthophthalmum (Ranzani 1839) -- (Andreata & Séret 1996:582 [ref. 16204] as opisthophtalma and dated 1838, Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:36 [ref. 27192] as opistophthalmus and dated 1840, Figueroa & Ehrlich 2006:228 [ref. 29812] dated 1840, Pinheiro et al. 2015:7 [ref. 34324], Carvalho-Filho 2023:55 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma opistophthalmum (Ranzani 1839). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Bahia (Brazil) south to Uruguay; eastern Atlantic (?). Habitat: marine.

orbignianus, Conger Valenciennes [A.] 1837:Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale; ref. 20720] Atlantic off South America. Holotype or Valenciennes specimens: MNHN 0000-8415 (2) Montivedeo. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:114 [ref. 20810]. Name available from plate as above; description in Valenciennes 1847:10 [ref. 5010] as Conger orbignyanus. Holotype (unique) should be the figured specimen. Pl 12 was published in 1837. •Valid as Conger orbignianus Valenciennes 1837 -- (Inada in Nakamura et al. 1986:64 [ref. 14235] as orbignyanus, Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:160 [ref. 13454], Cousseau & Perrotta 2000:56 [ref. 25942] as orbignyanus, López et al. 2002:62 [ref. 26808] as orbingyanus, Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192] as orbignyanus, Mincarone & Smith 2005:59 [ref. 28406], Figueroa & Ehrlich 2006:234 [ref. 29812] dated 1847 and as orbignyanus, Bovcon et al. 2010:[5] 836 [ref. 41480] as orbignyanus, Mabragaña et al. 2011:table S2 [ref. 31800], Nión et al. 2016:25 [ref. 35565] as orbignyanus, Fermon et al. 2022:119 [ref. 39448] with question, Carvalho-Filho 2023:55 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Conger orbignianus Valenciennes 1837. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Espiritu Santo (Brazil) south to southern Argentina. Habitat: marine.

oregoni, Parabathymyrus Smith [D. G.] & Kanazawa [R. H.] 1977:532, Fig. 2 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 4036] Off French Guiana, 7°15'N, 53°25'W, Oregon station 2022, depth 115 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 158900. Paratypes: ANSP 126974 (1), 134335 (1), 136755 (1) [as MBI station 59]; RMNH 27394 (1); UF ? [ex UMML ?22298] (2), 229594 [ex UMML 29594] (3), 229600 [ex UMML 29600] (1), 229603 [ex UMML 29603] (2), 229697 [ex UMML 29697] (1); USNM 158883 (4, 1 skeleton), 158898-99 (4, 1), 190466 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:65 [ref. 13621], Smith 1994:10 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Parabathymyrus oregoni Smith & Kanazawa 1977 -- (Smith 1989:504 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:733 [ref. 13285], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:305 [ref. 23897], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:150 [ref. 27754], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Nelson et al. 2004:65 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Ho et al. 2015:134 [ref. 34129], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:133 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Parabathymyrus oregoni Smith & Kanazawa 1977. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) south to French Guiana, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

oxyurus, Conger Bleeker [P.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) 1864-65:29 [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises v. 4; ref. 4860] Not available, museum name mentioned in passing in the synonymy of Uroconger lepturus. Nomen Nudum. Congridae: Congrinae.

parapolyporus, Bathycongrus Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2009:148, Fig. 4 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 49 (no. 2); ref. 30139] Lakeba Island, Fiji, 18°16'S, 174°41'W, depth 478-500 meters. Holotype: MNHN 2000-0931. Paratypes: MNHN 2002-3734 (1); ZMMU 22127 (1). •Valid as Bathycongrus parapolyporus Karmovskaya 2009 -- (Karmovskaya 2011:417 [ref. 31456], Huang et al. 2018:113 [ref. 36041]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus parapolyporus Karmovskaya 2009. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: South China Sea, Philippines; Fiji. Habitat: marine.

parini, Gnathophis Karmovskaya [E. S.] 1990:764 [2], Figa. 1a, 2a [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 30 (no. 5); ref. 20148] Eastern Pacific, 25°34'S, 89°09'W, depth 540-560 meters. Holotype: ZIN 49426. Paratypes: ZIN 49427 (2, damaged). Misspelled parihi once on p. 764. On p. 2 of English translation. •Valid as Gnathophis parini Karmovskaya 1990 -- (Pequeño 1997:80 [ref. 23536], Dyer & Westneat 2010:596 [ref. 31446]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis parini Karmovskaya 1990. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Nazca and Sala-y-Gomez ridges, Robinson Crusoe Island (Chile). Habitat: marine.

parvibranchialis, Silvesterina Fowler [H. W.] 1934:275, Fig. 35 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Butung [Buton] Strait, Philippines, 5°35'00"S, 122°20'00"E, Albatross station 5648, depth 559 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 92346. Paratypes: USNM 93370-79 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3). Type catalog: Smith 1994:11-12 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Silvesterina parvibranchialis Fowler 1934 -- (Smith 1994:11 [ref. 21917] but genus probably should by Bathyuroconger). •Valid as Bathyuroconger parvibranchialis (Fowler 1934) -- (Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Ho et al. 2015:145 [ref. 34130], Smith et al. 2018:161 [ref. 36043], Misawa et al. 2020:270 [ref. 38138]). Current status: Valid as Bathyuroconger parvibranchialis (Fowler 1934). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines, north to Taiwan and Japan. Habitat: marine.

parviporus, Bathycongrus Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2011:417, Figs. 1-8 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 51 (no. 6); ref. 31456] 12°09' - 12°08'N, 109°21' - 109°17'E, Vietnam, South China Sea, depth 22.5-30.5 meters. Holotype: ZMMU 22531. Paratypes: ZMUU 22532 (7), 22533 (22), 22534 (5). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Bathycongrus parviporus Karmovskaya 2011 -- (Hibino in Kimura et al. 2018:29 [ref. 36460]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus parviporus Karmovskaya 2011. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vietnam. Habitat: marine.

pellegrini, Heteroconger Castle [P. H. J.] 1999:409, Figs. 1-2 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 64 (no. 3); ref. 24044] North side of Isla del Caño, Puntarenas, Pacific Costa Rica. Holotype: LACM 32558-5. Paratypes: LACM 32558-8 (28), USNM 316694 (3). •Valid as Heteroconger pellegrini Castle 1999 -- (Castle & Randall 1999:7 [ref. 24042], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:22 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:39 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:133 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger pellegrini Castle 1999. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Costa Rica, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

pellucidum, Ophidium Couch [J.] 1832:313, Fig. 65 [Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Minerology, Geology, and Meterology v. 5 (no. 26, art. 3); ref. 18047] Cornwall, England. Syntypes: (4, whereabouts unknown). •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:240 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:159 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

pellucidus, Lepidopus Risso [A.] 1810:152, Pl. 5 (fig. 19) [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MNHN B-0847 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin 1945:375 [ref. 21554]. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:240 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

peloritanus, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1883:9, Pl. 4 (fig. 8) [Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Memorié v. 6 (pt 1); ref. 17476] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

perissodon, Heteroconger Böhlke [J. E.] & Randall [J. E.] 1981:377, Figs. 1D, 4B, 5 right, 7 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 31 (no. 2); ref. 8631] Off Dumaguete City pier, Negros, Philippines, depth 10 meters. Holotype: BPBM 21017. Paratypes: ANSP 136746 (1, anterior portion, c&s), 142731 (1); BPBM 18543 (1); CAS 45889 (1); MNHN 1980-1190 (1); USNM 221380 (1); WAM P.26788-001 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:65 [ref. 13621], Hutchins & Smith 1991:7 [ref. 19335], Bauchot et al. 1993:115 [ref. 20810], Smith 1994:8 [ref. 21917]., Moore et al. 2008:5 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Heteroconger perissodon Böhlke & Randall 1981 -- (Smith 1989:485 [ref. 13285], Allen 1997:58 [ref. 23977], Castle & Randall 1999:24 [ref. 24042], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Allen & Erdmann 2010:136 [ref. 30467], Allen & Erdmann 2012:118 [ref. 31980], Allen et al. 2020:15 [ref. 37319], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 5 [ref. 38321], Allen & Erdmann 2024:129 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger perissodon Böhlke & Randall 1981. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Andaman Islands (India), Indonesia and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

perturbator, Ariosoma Parr [A. E.] 1932:31, Figs. 13-14 [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 16512] Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, 23°54'20"N, 77°09'W, depth 710-720 fathoms. Holotype: YPM 2738. Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:10 [ref. 16741]. •Valid as Acromycter perturbator (Parr 1932) -- (Smith 1989:556 [ref. 13285], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:36 [ref. 27192], Moore et al. 2003:174 [ref. 27076], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:15 [ref. 28815], Melo et al. 2009:6 [ref. 30460], Costa & Mincarone 2010:304 [ref. 37483], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Acromycter perturbator (Parr 1932). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bahamas south to Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

philippinensis, Chiloconger Smith [D. G.] & Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2003:9, Figs. 7-9 [Zootaxa No. 343; ref. 27189] Southwest of Luzon Island, Philippines, South China Sea, 14°00'N, 120°16'E, depth 186-190 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1998-0664. Paratypes: MNHN 1998-0666 (1), 2002-3730 (4). •Valid as Chiloconger philippinensis Smith & Karmovskaya 2003 -- (Karmovskaya 2004:S2 [ref. 28053]). Current status: Valid as Chiloconger philippinensis Smith & Karmovskaya 2003. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: South China Sea. Habitat: marine.

philippinensis, Parabathymyrus Ho [H.-C.], Smith [D. G.] & Shao [K.-T.] 2015:132, Figs. 1 [Zootaxa 4060 (no. 1); ref. 34129] Philippines, off Aurora, Luzon, 14.54°N, 121.7°E, depth 233-249 meters. Holotype: ASIZP 68112. Paratype: ASIZP 68117 (1). •Valid as Parabathymyrus philippinensis Ho, Smith & Shao 2015. Current status: Valid as Parabathymyrus philippinensis Ho, Smith & Shao 2015. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Philippines. Habitat: marine.

philippinus, Conger Kanazawa [R. H.] 1958:255, Pl. 1 (fig. K) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 108 (no. 3400); ref. 12078] Market in Cebu, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 134969. Paratypes: CAS-SU 26848 (1 or 2), 27116 (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:6 [ref. 21917]. •Possibly the same as Conger macrocephalus Kanazawa 1958 -- (Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285]). •Valid as Conger philippinus Kanazawa 1958 -- (Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Smith & Ho 2018:180 [ref. 36044], Ho et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36050], Prokofiev 2020:26 [22] [ref. 37917]). Current status: Valid as Conger philippinus Kanazawa 1958. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vietnam east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

phillipsi, Atopichthys Fowler [H. W.] 1909:406, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 61; ref. 14375] Corson's Inlet, Cape May County, New Jersey, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 36638. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:120 [ref. 13621]. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

polypora, Rhechias Smith [D. G.] & Kanazawa [R. H.] 1977:540, Fig. 10 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 4036] Straits of Florida, Bahamas, 26°25'N, 79°01'W, Silver Bay station 2483, depth 300 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 197143. Paratypes: USNM 157889 (1), UF 229672 [ex UMML 29672] (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:11 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Rhechias polypora Smith & Kanazawa 1977 -- (Smith 1989:540 [ref. 13285]). •Valid as Bathycongrus polyporus (Smith & Kanazawa 1977) -- (Smith 1994:11 [ref. 21917], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus polyporus (Smith & Kanazawa 1977). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

polystigmatus, Diploconger Kotthaus [A.] 1968:34, Figs. 134-137, 152 [Meteor Forschungsergebnisse. Reihe D, Biologie No. 3; ref. 2669] Somalia, 3°25'N, 47°14.8'E to 3°23.8'N, 47°14'E, western Indian Ocean, depth 38-37 meters. Holotype: ZMH 4960 [ex IOES 58a]. Paratypes: ZMH 4961-62 (4, 2). Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:414 [ref. 21161]. •Valid as Diploconger polystigmatus Kotthaus 1968 -- (Castle 1975:22 [ref. 25984], Dor 1984:33 [ref. 29757], Paxton et al. 1989:141 [ref. 12442], Goren & Dor 1994:8 [ref. 25356], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S96 [ref. 27377], Karmovskaya 2004:S24 [ref. 28053], Hoese & Gates 2006:292 [ref. 28997], Golani & Fricke 2018:25 [ref. 36273], Sen et al. 2021:25 [ref. 38520], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:61 [ref. 41223], Smith & Heemstra 2022:91 [ref. 39685]). Current status: Valid as Diploconger polystigmatus Kotthaus 1968. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southern Red Sea: Yemen; Indian Ocean: Somalia. Records from Sundarban (India) and Western Australia need verification. Habitat: marine.

polyzona, Heteroconger Bleeker [P.] 1868:332, Pl. [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeeling Natuurkunde (Ser. 2) v. 2; ref. 425] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2) BMNH 1867.11.28.323 (1) Ambon; RMNH 7160 (1). Bleeker specimens: NMV 46130 (1). •Valid as Heteroconger polyzona Bleeker 1868 -- (Smith 1989:485 [ref. 13285], Castle & Randall 1999:25 [ref. 24042], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Nakabo 2000:233 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:233 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Allen & Erdmann 2010:140 [ref. 30467], Fricke et al. 2011:354 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:118 [ref. 31980], Allen et al. 2020:14 [ref. 37319], Allen & Erdmann 2024:129 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger polyzona Bleeker 1868. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to yukyu Islands (Japan), south to Vanuatu. Habitat: marine.

preclara, Gorgasia Böhlke [J. E.] & Randall [J. E.] 1981:379, Figs. 1E, 4C, 5 lower left, 8 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 31 (no. 2); ref. 8631] Sumilon Island, east of southern end of Cebu Island, Philippines, depth 24-29 meters. Holotype: BPBM 21012. Paratypes: ANSP 142710 (1, c&s), 142711-14 (4), 142732 (1); BPBM 21013 (1), 21015 (2), 22135 (4), 22597 (1); CAS 45890 (1); MNHN 1980-1191 (1); USNM 221381 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:65 [ref. 13621], Bauchot et al. 1993:115 [ref. 20810], Smith 1994:8 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Heteroconger preclara (Böhlke & Randall 1981) -- (Allen 1997:58 [ref. 23977]). •Valid as Gorgasia preclara Böhlke & Randall 1981 -- (Robison & Lancraft 1984:405 [ref. 6812], Smith 1994:8 [ref. 21917], Randall et al. 1997:494 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:58 [ref. 23965], Castle & Randall 1999:44 [ref. 24042], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Nakabo 2000:234 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:234 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:612 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:28 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:295 [ref. 28997], Allen & Erdmann 2010:136 [ref. 30467], Allen & Erdmann 2012:115 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:23 [ref. 33932], Smith et al. 2015:305 [ref. 34209], Golani & Fricke 2018:25 [ref. 36273], Smith & Heemstra 2022:94 [ref. 39685], Allen & Erdmann 2024:126 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia preclara Böhlke & Randall 1981. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Maldives east to Guam and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

prestandreae, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1883:10, Pl. 4 (fig. 11) [Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Memorié v. 6 (pt 1); ref. 17476] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

prorigerum, Ophisoma Gilbert [C. H.] 1891:350 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 14 (no. 856); ref. 1625] Off Ecuador, 0°37'00"S, 81°00'00"W, Albatross station 2792, depth 401 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 44295. Paratypes: (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:10 [ref. 21917]. Ophisoma is a synonym of Ariosoma Swainson 1838, so we place the species in Ariosoma for now. •Valid as Ophisoma prorigerum Gilbert 1891 -- (Bussing & López S. 1994:38 [ref. 23101]). •Valid but genus uncertain -- (Smith 1994:10 [ref. 21917], Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1034 [ref. 22829], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:189 [ref. 30957]). •Valid as Japonoconger proriger (Gilbert 1891) -- (Robertson et al. 2017:32 [ref. 35676], Grove et al. 2022:16 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:133 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Japonoconger proriger (Gilbert 1891). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica south to Ecuador, including Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: marine.

pseudomicrocephalus, Leptocephalus Van Utrecht [W. L.] 1988:150, Fig. 1 [Bulletin Zoölogisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam v. 11 (no. 18); ref. 16288] Mid-North Atlantic, between 55°N and 24°N, depth between 30 and 1752 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMA 119.964. Leptocephalus is a catch-all name for larval eels. •Valid as "Leptocephalus" pseudomicrocephalus Van Utrecht 1988. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: North Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

punctata, Gorgasia Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1923:133, Pl. 6 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 15 (publ. 215); ref. 2963] Chame Point, (Pacific) Panama. Holotype: USNM 82222. Type catalog: Smith 1994:8 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Gorgasia punctata Meek & Hildebrand 1923 -- (Robison & Lancraft 1984:405 [ref. 6812], Raju 1985:10 [ref. 5287], Smith 1994:8 [ref. 21917], Allen & Robertson 1994:57 [ref. 22193], Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1031 [ref. 22829], Castle & Randall 1999:7 [ref. 24042], Thomson et al. 2000:50 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:22 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:606 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2021:38 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia punctata Meek & Hildebrand 1923. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Panama, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

punctatus, Helmictis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:49, 62 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:240 [ref. 7185], Parenti 2019:102 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

purpureus, Promyllantor Alcock [A. W.] 1890:309 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 6 (no. 34); ref. 83] Off Elicapeni Bank, Laccadive Sea, 11°12'47"N, 74°25'30"E, Investigator station 104, depth 1000 fathoms. Holotype (unique): ZSI F12878. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:133 [ref. 20743], Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:36 [ref. 22148]. Figured in Alcock 1892: Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [ref. 20531]. •Valid as Promyllantor purpureus Alcock 1890 -- (Castle 1995:713 [ref. 22123], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Karmovskaya 2006:566 [ref. 29417]). Current status: Valid as Promyllantor purpureus Alcock 1890. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

randalli, Bathycongrus Ben-Tuvia [A.] 1993:363, Figs. 7-8 [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 39 (no. 4); ref. 21130] Batangas Bay, southeast of Talaga, Philippines, depth about 200 meters. Holotype: CAS 40910. Paratypes: CAS 34917 (1), 34435 (1); CSIRO H 1183-03 (1). •Synonym of Bathycongrus retrotinctus (Jordan & Snyder 1901) -- (Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Hoese & Gates 2006:290 [ref. 28997], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:35 [ref. 29972]). •In part (a paratype) a synonym of Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther 1887) -- (Karmovskaya 2009:140 [ref. 30139]). Current status: Synonym of Bathycongrus retrotinctus (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

randalli, Rhynchoconger Acharya [S.], Mohanty [S. R.], Ray [D.], Mishra [S. S.] & Mohapatra [A.] 2022:Figs. [Zootaxa 5174 (no. 2); ref. 39489] Paradeep fishing harbour, Odisha, Bay of Bengal, India, depth 36 - 40 meters. Holotype. Paratype: •Valid as Rhynchoconger randalli Acharya, Mohanty, Ray, Mishra & Mohapatra 2022. Current status: Valid as Rhynchoconger randalli Acharya, Mohanty, Ray, Mishra & Mohapatra 2022. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal. Habitat: marine.

retrotinctus, Leptocephalus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:853, Fig. 6 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1239); ref. 2508] Tokyo market, Japan. Holotype: CAS-SU 6470. Paratypes: USNM 49974 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:48 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Rhechias retrotincta (Jordan & Snyder 1901) -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Smith 1989:533 [ref. 13285], Machida et al. 1994:313 [ref. 22167], Lee & Joo 1999:28 [ref. 25724], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Choi et al. 2003:146, 494 [ref. 26218], Zhang et al. 2010:213 [ref. 31511]). •Valid as Bathycongrus retrotinctus (Jordan & Snyder 1901) -- (Ben-Tuvia 1993:365 [ref. 21130], Castle 1995:710 [ref. 22123], Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Nakabo 2000:232 [ref. 25086] as retrotincta, Nakabo 2002:232 [ref. 26001], Hoese & Gates 2006:290 [ref. 28997], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:35 [ref. 29972], Karmovskaya 2011:417 [ref. 31456], Ho et al. 2015:145 [ref. 34130], Smith & Ho 2018:140 [ref. 36042], Fricke et al. 2019:54 [ref. 36673], Kim et al. 2020:57 [ref. 39118], Ramos-Castro et al. 2021:515 [ref. 38842]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus retrotinctus (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) north to Taiwan, Korea and southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

rex, Leptocephalus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1902:86, Figs. 3, 3a-b [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 21 (1901); ref. 11071] New Providence Island, Bahamas, western Atlantic. Holotype (unique): USNM 49764. Non-types: USNM 49765 (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:9 [ref. 21917]. Specimen from San Salvador not definitely referred to species ("may represent a later phase of the species called amphioxus") so remaining specimen is holotype. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Smith 1989:496 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:726 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

rictus, Xenomystax Garman [S.] 1899:315, Pl. N [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Albatross station 3354, 3384, 3394, 3404, 3417, depth 322-511 fathoms. Syntypes: MCZ 28445-50 (4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1); USNM 57896 (1), 153605 [ex MCZ 28446] (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:13 [ref. 21917]. •Synonym of Xenomystax atrarius Gilbert 1891 -- (Smith 1989:559 [ref. 13285], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:181 [ref. 24023]). Current status: Synonym of Xenomystax atrarius Gilbert 1891. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

riukiuanus, Leptocephalus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:852, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1239); ref. 2508] Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 6468. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:48 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871 -- (Personal communication, David G. Smith, June 2017). Current status: Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

roosendaali, Congrellus Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1916:261, Figs. 110, 112 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 3; ref. 4604] Off northeastern point of Java, Indonesia, depth 270 meters. Holotype: ZMA 110012. Paratypes: ZMA 110013 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:8 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Bathycongrus roosendaali (Weber & de Beaufort 1916) -- (Ben-Tuvia 1993:366 [ref. 21130], Castle 1995:710 [ref. 22123]). •Synonym of Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther 1887) -- (Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:35 [ref. 29972], Karmovskaya 2009:140 [ref. 30139]). Current status: Synonym of Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther 1887). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

rubescens, Conger Ranzani [C.] 1839:82 [18], Pl. 12 (figs. 2a-c) [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis v. 4 [1840]; ref. 18606] Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MZUB 982. Appeared first without description as Ranzani in Alessandrini 1838:433 [ref. 25852]. Dates to publication in a separate, on p. 18 and Pl. 5 in 1839; journal version in 1840. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:239 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:159 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

sanctipauli, Congermuraena Ogilby [J. D.] 1898:285 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 23 (pt 3); ref. 3276] Saint Paul's Island, Indian Ocean. Based on Ophisoma habenatus Richardson in Kner, Reis. Novara, Fische 1865, 374. St. Paul's Island, Southern Indian Ocean. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

sanzoi, Leptocephalus D'Ancona [U.] 1928:27, Pl. 2 (figs. 5-9a) [Memoria, Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano No. 146; ref. 15917] Red Sea. Syntypes: (7). •Synonym of Ariosoma scheelei (Strömman 1896) -- (Dor 1984:33 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Ariosoma sanzoi (D'Ancona 1928) -- (Golani & Lerner 2007:258 [ref. 30649], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:59 [ref. 35264], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[4] 242 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:24 [ref. 36273], Smith & Heemstra 2022:88 [ref. 39685]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma sanzoi (D'Ancona 1928). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

sazonovi, Ariosoma Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2004:S7, Fig. 4 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 44 (suppl. 1); ref. 28053] Philippines, 13°08'N, 122°39'E, depth 440 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1998-0647. Paratypes: MNHN 1984-0627 (1), 1998-0642 (2), 1998-0646 (1). •Valid as Ariosoma sazonovi Karmovskaya 2004. Current status: Valid as Ariosoma sazonovi Karmovskaya 2004. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Philippines. Habitat: marine.

scheelei, Leptocephalus Strömman [P. H.] 1896:21, Pl. 1 (figs. 6-7) [Leptocephalids in the University Zoological Museum at Upsala; ref. 4294] Malay Archipelago and western Atlantic. Syntypes: (5) ZMUU 693a-d (4?). Type catalog: Wallin 1996:61 [ref. 32133]. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185] in part, Smith 1989:726 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454]). •Valid as Ariosoma scheelei (Strömman 1896) -- (Dor 1984:33 [ref. 29757], Castle 1975:20 [ref. 25984], Castle 1986:162 [ref. 5644], Paxton et al. 1989:140 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Goren & Dor 1994:8 [ref. 25356], Myers 1999:58 [ref. 23965], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Hoese & Gates 2006:289 [ref. 28997], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:59 [ref. 35264], Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31342], Allen & Erdmann 2012:113 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:23 [ref. 33932], Motomura et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:49 [ref. 35805], Smith et al. 2018:103 [ref. 36040], Smith & Heemstra 2022:88 [ref. 39685], Allen & Erdmann 2024:124 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma scheelei (Strömman 1896). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Aldabra (Seychelles) and Madagascar east to Marshall Islands, Philippines and Samoa, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

schmitti, Promyllantor Hildebrand [S. F.] in Longley & Hildebrand 1940:226, Fig. 1 [Papers Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington v. 32; ref. 2822] South of Tortugas, Florida, U.S.A., depth 300-350 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 107323. Paratypes: USNM 116774 (5, not 4). Additional material: USNM 73270 (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:11 [ref. 21917]. •Synonym of Pseudophichthys splendens (Lea 1913) -- (Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:572 [ref. 13676], Smith 1989:552 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:165 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudophichthys splendens (Lea 1913). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

selene, Leptocephalus Risso [A.] in Bonaparte 1846:40 [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Sesta Riunione, Milano 7a Adunanza, Napoli, Part 2; ref. 519] Manuscript name mentioned in synonymy, not available. Nomen Nudum. Congridae.

selenops, Ariosoma Reid [E. D.] 1934:4, Fig. 1 [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections v. 91 (no. 15); ref. 16454] North of Tabago Island, Virgin Islands, 18°40'30"N, 64°50'00"W to 18°45'40"N, 64°48'00"W, Caroline station 101, depth 190-300 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 93310. Paratypes: USNM 93311-12 (1, 1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:5 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Ariosoma selenops Reid 1934 -- (Smith 1989:499 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:730 [ref. 13285], Boschung 1992:37 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:302 [ref. 23827], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:295 [ref. 23897], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:149 [ref. 27754], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:36 [ref. 27192], Smith 2003:749 [ref. 26989], Klautau et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37903], Carvalho-Filho 2023:55 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:131 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma selenops Reid 1934. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Quintana Roo (Mexico) and Colombia south to Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (Brazil), including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

sereti, Ariosoma Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2004:S5, Fig. 2 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 44 (suppl. 1); ref. 28053] Hiva Oa Island, Marquesas Islands, 9°41'S, 139°03'W. Holotype: MNHN 2000-0917. Paratypes: MNHN 2000-0918 (4). •Valid as Ariosoma sereti Karmovskaya 2004. Current status: Valid as Ariosoma sereti Karmovskaya 2004. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Marquesas Islands. Habitat: marine.

shiroanago, Alloconger shiroanago Asano [H.] 1958:193 [English p. 195], Fig. 2 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 67 (no. 7); ref. 12045] Off Owashi, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Holotype: FAKU 19016. Paratypes: FAKU 1117 (1), 1119 (1), 2076-77 (2), 2111 (1), 20599 (1), 21312 (1), 21710-11 (2), 23551 (1), 25156-68 (13), 25275-76 (2), 26915 (1). Described originally with a second subspecies; types of A. s. shiroanago are regarded as the types for the species A. shiroanago Asano. •Valid as Ariosoma shiroanago (Asano 1958), subspecies shiroanago -- (Machida in Okamura & Kitajima 1984:93, 319 [ref. 8057], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:27 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:228 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:228 [ref. 26001], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370]). •Valid as Ariosoma shiroanago (Asano 1958) -- (Smith 1989:495 [ref. 13285], Lee & Joo 1999:24 [ref. 25724], Choi et al. 2003:145, 493 [ref. 26218], Shinohara et al. 2014:236 [ref. 33330], Ho et al. 2015:144 [ref. 34130], Smith et al. 2018:103 [ref. 36040], Kim et al. 2020:55 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:18 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma shiroanago (Asano 1958). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Taiwan to Korea and Japan. Habitat: marine.

sicanus, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1883:5, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Memorié v. 6 (pt 1); ref. 17476] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

sillneri, Gorgasia Klausewitz [W.] 1962:433, Figs. 1-2 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 43 (no. 6); ref. 5985] Coast of Aqaba, Jordan, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, depth about 10 meters. Holotype (unique): SMF 5683. •Valid as Gorgasia sillneri Klausewitz 1962 -- (Dor 1984:34 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:8 [ref. 25356], Castle & Randall 1999:46 [ref. 24042], Randall 2007:57 [ref. 30952], DiBattista et al. 2015:19 [ref. 35706], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[4] 242 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:25 [ref. 36273], Smith & Heemstra 2022:94 [ref. 39685]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia sillneri Klausewitz 1962. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Northern Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

similis, Chiloconger Wade [C. B.] 1946:185, Pl. 24 (figs. 1-3) [Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition 1932-40, Los Angeles v. 9 (no. 7); ref. 4542] Inner Gorda Bank, Cape San Lucas, Baja California, 23°02'30"N, 109°03'07"W, Mexico, depth 59-78 fathoms. Holotype (unique): LACM 21712 [ex AHF 903]. •Valid as Chiloconger similis Wade 1946 -- (Raju 1985:8 [ref. 5287], Bussing & López S. 1994:38 [ref. 23101], Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1032 [ref. 22829]). •Valid as Paraconger similis (Wade 1946) -- (Smith 1989:506 [ref. 13285], Smith & Karmovskaya 2003:2 [ref. 27189], Nelson et al. 2004:65 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:22 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:189 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:442 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:606 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2021:39 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:16 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:57 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:133 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Paraconger similis (Wade 1946). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico), including southern Gulf of California (Mexico), Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

simulatus, Conger Facciolà [L.] 1913:109 [Bollettino della Società Zoologica Italiana (3. Ser.) v. 2; ref. 14952] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Uncertain as Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

simus, Bathymyrus Smith [J. L. B.] 1965:8, Fig. 1B; Pl. 1 (C-E) [Occasional Papers of the Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 2; ref. 9255] Moderately deep water, Vietnam. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 418. •Valid as Bathymyrus simus Smith 1965 -- (Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Zhang et al. 2010:190 [ref. 31511] as Bathymurus s., Ho et al. 2015:145 [ref. 34130], Jayakumar et al. 2019:[4] [ref. 38209], Kodeeswaran et al. 2022:560 [ref. 39563], Luo et al. 2024:8 [ref. 41630]). Current status: Valid as Bathymyrus simus Smith 1965. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal (India); Vietnam and China. Habitat: marine.

sivicola, Arisoma Matsubara [K.] & Ochiai [A.] 1951:11 [Memoirs of the College of Agriculture Kyoto University No. 59; ref. 12898] Off Owase, Kumano-Nada, Japan. Holotype: FAKU 1969. Paratypes: FAKU 1982-84 (3), 4072 (1), 4075-76 (1, 1), 6170 (1), 6607 (1), 8871 (1), 8873-74 (1, 1), 10239 (1), 10514 (1), 12913 (1). •Valid as Japonoconger sivicolus (Matsubara & Ochiai 1951) -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Machida in Okamura & Kitajima 1984:95, 320 [ref. 8057], Smith 1989:550 [ref. 13285], Nakabo 2000:231 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:231 [ref. 26001], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370], Zhang et al. 2010:212 [ref. 31511] as Japonoconger sivicola, Ho et al. 2015:148 [ref. 34130], Misawa et al. 2020:270 [ref. 38138]). Current status: Valid as Japonoconger sivicolus (Matsubara & Ochiai 1951). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: China and Taiwan north to Japan. Habitat: marine.

smithi, Bathymyrus Castle [P. H. J.] 1968:2, Figs. 1-2 [Special Publication, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 4; ref. 7876] Off the Limpopo River mouth, Mozambique, depth 260-270 fathoms. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 8071. Paratypes: (10) SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 202 (1 + 1 skeleton), 3881 (2). Additional material (24). •Valid as Bathymyrus smithi Castle 1968 -- (Castle 1986:163 [ref. 5644], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:61 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Bathymyrus smithi Castle 1968. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

smithi, Gnathophis Karmovskaya [E. S.] 1990:767 [4], Fig. 2b [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 30 (no. 5); ref. 20148] Eastern Pacific, 25°43'S, 85°22'W, depth 200-185 meters. Holotype: ZIN 49428. Paratypes: AMS [not 16858-001] (1), I.28703-001 (2); IOM uncat. (1, 1, 1, 1); ZMMU P-18045-48 (4, 1, 1, 1); ZIN 49429-30 (11, 1). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:16-17[ref. 25714]. On p. 4 of English translation. •Valid as Gnathophis smithi Karmovskaya 1990 -- (Pequeño 1997:80 [ref. 23536]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis smithi Karmovskaya 1990. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Chile. Habitat: marine.

smithi, Rhynchoconger Mohapatra [A.], Ho [H.-C.], Acharya [S.], Ray [D.] & Mishra [S. S.] 2022:3, Figs. 1-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 100 (no. 6); ref. 39271] Petuaghat fishing harbour, West Bengal, India, depth 95 meters. Holotype: EBRC/ZSI F13010. Paratypes: EBRC/ZSI F13011 (1), F13012 (2). •Valid as Rhynchoconger smithi Mohapatra, Ho, Acharya, Ray & Mishra 2022. Current status: Valid as Rhynchoconger smithi Mohapatra, Ho, Acharya, Ray & Mishra 2022. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal, India. Habitat: marine.

soela, Macrocephenchelys Castle [P. H. J.] 1990:123, Figs. 3A-C, 4 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 42 (no. 2) [1988]; ref. 15487] South of Saumarez Reef, Saumarez Plateau area, Queensland, Australia, 22°35.3'-36.3'S, 153°46.7'-50.1'E, depth 345-350 meters. Holotype: CSIRO H 1668-07. Paratypes: AMS I.29995-001 [ex CSIRO H 1668-05] (1); CSIRO H 1668-04 (1), H 1668-05 (1); USNM 307832 [ex CSIRO H 1668-06] (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:9 [ref. 21917]. •Apparently a synonym of "Rhynchoconger" brevirostris Chen & Wang 1967 -- (Castle in Smith 1994:9 [ref. 21917]). •Synonym of Macrocephenchelys brevirostris (Chen & Weng 1967) -- (Hoese & Gates 2006:296 [ref. 28997], Ho et al. 2015:148 [ref. 34130] questionably valid). •Valid as Macrocephenchelys soela Castle 1990 -- (Karmovskaya 2004:S25 [ref. 28053], Lin et al. 2018:198 [ref. 36045], Kodeeswaran et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40191]). Current status: Valid as Macrocephenchelys soela Castle 1990. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Australia. Habitat: marine.

sokotranum, Ariosoma Karmovskaya [E. S.] 1991:893 [4], Fig. 2b [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 31 (no. 6); ref. 19225] Western Indian Ocean, 12°14'N, 53°06'E, depth 420-395 meters. Holotype: ZIN 49769. Paratypes: ZMMU P-18473 (2). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:16 [ref. 25714]. On p. 4 of English translation. •Valid as Ariosoma sokotranum Karmovskaya 1991 -- (Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S95 [ref. 27377]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma sokotranum Karmovskaya 1991. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

somaliense, Ariosoma Kotthaus [A.] 1968:27, Figs. 121-122 [Meteor Forschungsergebnisse. Reihe D, Biologie No. 3; ref. 2669] Off Mogadisho, Somalia, Indian Ocean, 3°25'N, 47°14.8'E to 3°23.8'N, 47°14'E, depth 38-37 meters. Holotype: ZMH 4953 [ex IOES 52a]. Paratypes: ZMH [ex IOES 52b-m] (11). Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:414 [ref. 21161] but only holotype. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Smith 1989:496 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:158 [ref. 13454]). •Valid as Ariosoma somaliense Kotthaus 1968 -- (Castle 1975:21 [ref. 25984], Smith & Heemstra 2022:89 [ref. 39685]). Current status: Valid as Ariosoma somaliense Kotthaus 1968. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Somalia. Habitat: marine.

spallanzani, Leptocephalus Risso [A.] 1810:85 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MNHN B-0847 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:115 [ref. 20810]. •Synonym of Dalophis imberbis (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:249 [ref. 7185]). •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:240 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:159 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

spinocadux, Leptocephalus Lea [E.] 1913:22, Fig. 16; Pl. 3 (no. 4) [Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 v. 3 (pt 1, no. 7); ref. 14158] North Atlantic, 40°17'N, 50°39'W, station 67, depth 400 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMUB 5090. Type catalog: Frøiland 1979:147 [ref. 21547]. •Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Smith 1989:726 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

splendens, Leptocephalus Lea [E.] 1913:24, Fig. 19; Pl. 4 (no. 2) [Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 v. 3 (pt 1, no. 7); ref. 14158] North Atlantic, 28°42'N, 20°00'W, station 45, depth 150 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMUB. Type catalog: Frøiland 1979:146 [ref. 21547]. •Valid as Pseudophichthys splendens (Lea 1913) -- (Uyeno & Sasaki in Uyeno et al. 1983:111 [ref. 14275], Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:572 [ref. 13676], Scott & Scott 1988:83 [ref. 25518], Smith 1989:552 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:757 [ref. 13285], McAllister 1990:49 [ref. 14674], Smith 1990:165 [ref. 13454], Boschung 1992:38 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1996:140 [ref. 24489], Santos et al. 1997:23 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:58 [ref. 24952], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:307 [ref. 23897], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Melo et al. 2009:8 [ref. 30460], Bañón et al. 2011:262 [ref. 31676], Bañón et al. 2016:304 [ref. 34397], Smith 2016:1693 [ref. 34556], Carneiro et al. 2019:67 [ref. 37250], Bañón & Maño 2021:50 [ref. 38883], Page et al. 2023:57 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:134 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophichthys splendens (Lea 1913). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) south to eastern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Morocco south to Mauritania, including Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

squaliceps, Congromuraena Alcock [A. W.] 1894:183 [15] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 62 (pt 2, No. 4); ref. 89] Bay of Bengal, 15°04'07"N, 80°25'07"E, Investigator station 137, depth 128 fathoms. Holotype (unique): ZSI F13450 (in pieces). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:133 [ref. 20743], Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:36 [ref. 22148], Castle 1995:710 [ref. 22123]. On p. 15 of separate. •Valid as Rhynchoconger squaliceps (Alcock 1894) -- (Castle 1995:710 [ref. 22123], Psomadakis et al. 2015:149 [ref. 34104], Psomadakis et al. 2020:285 [ref. 37272], Mohapatra et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39271], Smith & Heemstra 2022:96 [ref. 39685]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchoconger squaliceps (Alcock 1894). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Pakistan east to Myanmar. Habitat: marine.

stenops, Leptocephalus Kaup [J. J.] 1857:150 [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Probably from Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype or syntype: MNHN 0000-3414 (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1935:104 [ref. 21550], Bauchot et al. 1993:121-122 [ref. 20810]. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:240 [ref. 7185] in part, Smith 1990:160 [ref. 13454]). •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185] in part). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

stenorhynchus, Leptocephalus Castle [P. H. J.] 1964:31, Fig. 10 (D-F) [Zoological Publications from Victoria University of Wellington No. 37; ref. 1611] 13°30'S, 162°05'E, depth about 95 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1982-0465. Paratypes: (7) MNHN 1982-0464 to 0468 (1, 1, 1, 1); 3 missing. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:122 [ref. 20810]. •Larval form, family Congridae. Congridae. Habitat: marine.

stimpsoni, Bathycongrus (Microcephalocongrus) Fowler [H. W.] 1934:270, Fig. 32 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Between Leyte and Mindanao islands, Philippines, Albatross station 5494, 9°06'30"N, 125°18'40"E, depth 678 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 92344. Type catalog: Smith 1994:5 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Bathycongrus stimpsoni Fowler 1934 -- (Ben-Tuvia 1993:367 [ref. 21130], Castle 1995:710 [ref. 22123]). •Synonym of Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther 1887) -- (Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:35 [ref. 29972], Karmovskaya 2009:140 [ref. 30139]). Current status: Synonym of Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther 1887). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

sumodi, Macrocephenchelys Kodeeswaran [P.], Smith [D. G.], Kumar [T. T. A.] & Sarkar [U. K.] 2023:2, Figs. 1-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 103 (no. 1); ref. 40191] Deepsea trawl landings at Kalamukku fish landing centre, off Kerala coast, Arabian Sea, India, 9°59'N, 76°14'E, depth 200 - 300 meters. Holotype (unique): NBFGR CONMSUM. •Valid as Macrocephenchelys sumodi Kodeeswaran, Smith, Kumar & Sarkar 2023. Current status: Valid as Macrocephenchelys sumodi Kodeeswaran, Smith, Kumar & Sarkar 2023. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: off Kochi, southwest coast of India, Arabian Sea. Habitat: marine.

syringinus, Uroconger Ginsburg [I.] 1954:256, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 44 (no. 8); ref. 12645] Off Mississippi Delta, Louisiana, 28°45'N, 89°43'W, Oregon station 10, depth 50 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 157781. Paratypes: UF [ex UMML] (3), USNM 157789 (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:12 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Uroconger syringinus Ginsburg 1954 -- (Scott & Scott 1988:84 [ref. 25518], Smith 1989:546 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:751 [ref. 13285], McAllister 1990:49 [ref. 14674], Smith 1990:166 [ref. 13454], Cervigón 1991:00 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:39 [ref. 23239], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:311 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:46 [ref. 24221], Castle & Smith 1999:975 [ref. 25141], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Nelson et al. 2004:65 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32708], Smith 2016:1694 [ref. 34556], Fermon et al. 2022:120 [ref. 39448], Page et al. 2023:57 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:134 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Uroconger syringinus Ginsburg 1954. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) south to Guyana, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Nigeria south to Angola, including São Tome and Príncipe. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

taenia, Leptocephalus Cuvier [G.] in Quoy & Gaimard 1824:248 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Not available, no distinguishing features. Nomen Nudum. Congridae.

taenia, Leptocephalus Kaup [J. J.] 1857:151, Pl. 19 (fig. 18) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] India; Maldives; Waigeo [Waigiou], Indonesia; vicinity of Marianes Islands. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3417 (1), 3419 (3) Waigiou, 0000-3420 (1) Maldives; not MNHN 0000-3413 (5). Type catalog: Bertin 1935:104-106 [ref. 21550], Bauchot et al. 1993:122 [ref. 20810]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leptocephalus taenia Lesson 1831. Also secondarily preoccupied by Heteroconger taenia Lesson 1830. •Atlantic specimens are Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:495, 726 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:157 [ref. 13454]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

taeniola, Gavialiceps Alcock [A. W.] (ex Wood-Mason) 1889:460 [36] [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 4 (no. 24); ref. 20525] Arakan coast, Myanmar, 19°35'N, 92°24'E, depth 272 fathoms; Andaman Sea southeast by south of Ross Island. Syntypes: BMNH 1892.6.17.8 (1) Bay of Bengal, 1892.6.17.9 [ex ZSI F11311] (1) Bay of Bengal; ZSI 11312-3 (2, poor condition), 12467 (1, not found). Type catalog: Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:36 [ref. 22148], Menon and Rama-Rao 1970:377 [ref. 27516], Menon & Rama Rao 1971:343 [ref. 31198], Talwar 1977:636 [ref. 26599]. On p. 36 of separate. Figured in Alcock 1900: Pl. 34 (fig. 2) [ref. 20536] and in Alcock 1905: Pl. 36 (fig. 1) [ref. 20537] as Saurenchelys taeniola. •Valid as Gavialiceps taeniola Alcock 1889 -- (Machida in Masuda et al. 1984:29 [ref. 6441], Machida in Okamura & Kitajima 1984:99, 321 [ref. 8057], Smith 1989:559 [ref. 13285], Karmovskaya 1993 [ref. 22018], Nakabo 2000:235 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2001:293 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:235 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S96 [ref. 27377], Shinohara et al. 2005:400 [ref. 28370], Shao et al. 2008:239 [ref. 29952], Zhang et al. 2010:300 [ref. 31511], Psomadakis et al. 2015:150 [ref. 34104], Lin & Ho 2018:225 [ref. 36047], Psomadakis et al. 2020:284 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps taeniola Alcock 1889. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

taiwanensis, Chlopsis Chen [J. T. F.] & Weng [H. T. C.] 1967:81, Fig. 61 [Biological Bulletin Tunghai University Ichthyology Series Number 6 No. 6 (art. 32); ref. 7952] Tungkang, southwestern Taiwan. Lectotype: NMMBP 1405 [ex THUP 26781]. Paralectotypes: NMMBP 1360 and 1410 [ex THUP 2784] (now 27). Type catalog: Ho et al. 2010:25 [ref. 31218], Ho & Shao 2011:24 [ref. 31432]. Most of the description and the figure is based on a 564-mm specimen in THUP 2671 [now NMMBP 1405]. •Synonym of Gavialiceps taeniola Alcock 1889 -- (Zhang et al. 2010:300 [ref. 31511]). •Valid as Gavialiceps taiwanensis (Chen & Weng 1967) -- (Karmovskaya 1993:73 [ref. 22018], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Ho et al. 2010:25 [ref. 31218], Ho & Shao 2011:24 [ref. 31432], Ho et al. 2015:8 [ref. 34116], Ho et al. 2015:150 [ref. 34130], Lin & Ho 2018:217 [ref. 36047]). Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps taiwanensis (Chen & Weng 1967). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

taiwanensis, Gorgasia Shao [K.-T.] 1990:4, Figs. 2-6 [Uo (Japanese Society of Ichthyologists) No. 40; ref. 19169] Wan-li-tung, Hengchun, southern Taiwan, 21°58'N, 120°43'E, depth 22 meters. Holotype: ASIZP 056584. Paratypes: ASIZP 56585-86 (6, 9), BPBM 33506 (1), SMF 22498 (1), ZUMT 56359 (1). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:23 [ref. 31432], Aizawa et al. 2022:147 [ref. 39647]. Appeared first without distinguishing characters in papers by the same author in 1986, 1988, 1989 and 1890. •Valid as Gorgasia taiwanensis Shao 1990 -- (Abe 1990:17 [ref. 16654], Castle & Randall 1999:47 [ref. 24042], Nakabo 2000:234 [ref. 25086], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:234 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Zhang et al. 2010:219 [ref. 31511], Ho & Shao 2011:23 [ref. 31432], Ho et al. 2015:8 [ref. 34116], Ho et al. 2015:147 [ref. 34130]). Current status: Valid as Gorgasia taiwanensis Shao 1990. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Japan to China and Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

talabonoides, Congrhynchus Fowler [H. W.] 1934:273, Fig. 33 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Macabalan Pt., northern Mindanao Island, Philippines, 8°37'37"N, 124°35'E, Albatross station 5502, depth about 214 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 92350. Paratypes: USNM 93347-48 (1, 1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:7 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Congrhynchus talabonoides Fowler 1934 -- (Smith 1994:7 [ref. 21917], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Ho et al. 2015:150 [ref. 34130], Smith et al. 2018:228 [ref. 36048], Kodeeswaran et al. 2023:[1] [ref. 40644]). Current status: Valid as Congrhynchus talabonoides Fowler 1934. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: southwestern India east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

taylori, Heteroconger Castle [P. H. J.] & Randall [J. E.] 1995:3, Figs. 1-6 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 22 (no. 1/2); ref. 21858] West of Make-ia Point, Bunama Bay, Normanby Island, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua New Guinea, 10°08.8'S, 151°09.0'E, depth 10 meters. Holotype: BPBM 36288. Paratypes: AMS I.35462-001 (1), BPBM 36439 (1), USNM 332383 (1). •Valid as Heteroconger taylori Castle & Randall 1995 -- (Castle 1997:12 [ref. 22878], Allen 1997:58 [ref. 23977], Castle & Randall 1999:27 [ref. 24042], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Allen & Erdmann 2010:136 [ref. 30467], Allen & Erdmann 2012:118 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:24 [ref. 33932], Allen et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37319]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger taylori Castle & Randall 1995. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Bali (Indonesia) east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

tenuirostris, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1883:10, Pl. 4 (fig. 10) [Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Memorié v. 6 (pt 1); ref. 17476] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

thamani, Gorgasia Greenfield [D. W.] & Niesz [S.] 2004:373, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences v. 55 (no. 17); ref. 27900] Koro Island, western side off Kade Village, 17°21.261'S,179°22.435'E, Fiji, depth 14-15.2 meters. Holotype: CAS 219365. Paratypes: AMS I.43260-001 (1), BHMH 2004.4.8.1 (1), BPBM 39441 (1), CAS 219366 (2), FMNH 113585 (1), NSMT-P68327 (1), SAIAB 74101 (1), USNM 376279 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Gorgasia thamani Greenfield & Niesz 2004. Current status: Valid as Gorgasia thamani Greenfield & Niesz 2004. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Fiji. Habitat: marine.

thoothukudiense, Ariosoma Kodeeswaran [P.], Kathirvelpandian [A.], Mohapatra [A.] & Kumar [T. T. A.] 2024:2, Figs. 2-6 [Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom v. 104: e51; ref. 41146] Trawl by-catch, Thoothukudi Fishing Harbour, off Thoothukudi, Bay of Bengal, India. Holotype: NBFGR CONATHO. Paratype: EBRC/ZSI F13324 (1). •Valid as Ariosoma thoothukudiense Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Mohapatra & Kumar 2024. Current status: Valid as Ariosoma thoothukudiense Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Mohapatra & Kumar 2024. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal, India. Habitat: marine.

thysanochila, Congrina Reid [E. D.] 1934:7, Fig. 2 [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections v. 91 (no. 15); ref. 16454] Off northern coast of Puerto Rico, Caroline station 23, 18°32'15"N, 66°17'45" to 18°32'00"N, 66°21'15"W, depth 476-659 meters. Holotype: USNM 93434. Paratypes: USNM 93466 (1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:7 [ref. 21917]. •Valid as Rhechias thysanochila (Reid 1934) -- (Smith 1989:536 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:753 [ref. 13285]). •Valid as Bathycongrus thysanochilus (Reid 1934) -- (Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Karmovskaya 2011:422 [ref. 31456], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:131 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus thysanochilus (Reid 1934). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico south to northern Brazil, including Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

tomberua, Heteroconger Castle [P. H. J.] & Randall [J. E.] 1999:28, Figs. 3, 18 [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 30; ref. 24042] Southern corner of Tamberua Passage entrance, Viti Levu, Fiji, 18°02'S, 178°45'E, depth 36 meters. Holotype: USNM 349761. Paratypes: AMS I.38900-001 (2), CAS 201448 (2), USNM 235785 (50). •Valid as Heteroconger tomberua Castle & Randall 1999 -- (Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:319 [ref. 28867], Allen & Erdmann 2010:139 [ref. 30467], Fricke et al. 2011:354 [ref. 31242], Biswas et al. 2012:66 [ref. 41462], Koeda et al. 2018:287 [ref. 35946], Allen et al. 2020:15 [ref. 37319]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger tomberua Castle & Randall 1999. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Fiji and New Caledonia. Records from Indian Ocean need verification. Habitat: marine.

totacinerea, Muraena Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:22 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Originally as tota cinerea; see Muraena cinerea Forsskål. Congridae. Habitat: marine.

trewavasae, Rhynchoconger Ben-Tuvia [A.] 1993:354, Figs. 1-3 [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 39 (no. 4); ref. 21130] Eilat, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, depth 400 meters. Holotype: HUJ 16517. Paratypes: BMNH 1992.9.10.1 (1); BPBM 35056 (1); CAS 78078 (1); FRSKU 118623 (1); HUJ 10607 (1), 12243 (1), 14454 (1), 16518-19 (1, 1), 17008 (1), 17052 (1); MNHN 1993-0098 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 42608 (1); USNM 326613 (1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:22 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Rhynchoconger trewavasae Ben-Tuvia 1993 -- (Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Golani 2005:18 [ref. 37112], Zenetos et al. 2010:413 [ref. 31201], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:26 [ref. 36273], Golani 2021:17 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39014], Mohapatra et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39271]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchoconger trewavasae Ben-Tuvia 1993. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

tricia, Heteroconger Castle [P. H. J.] & Randall [J. E.] 1999:30, Fig. 19 [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 30; ref. 24042] Off coast of Flores, Indonesia, about 8°51'S, 120° to 123°E. Holotype: NMNZ P.15177. Paratypes: NTM S.11012-001 (1). •Valid as Heteroconger tricia Castle & Randall 1999 -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Allen & Erdmann 2010:139 [ref. 30467], Allen & Erdmann 2012:119 [ref. 31980], Koeda et al. 2018:292 [ref. 35946], Allen et al. 2020:15 [ref. 37319], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:61 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:130 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Heteroconger tricia Castle & Randall 1999. Congridae: Heterocongrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Flores (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

trilineatus, Leptocephalus Castle [P. H. J.] 1964:32, Fig. 10 (G-H) [Zoological Publications from Victoria University of Wellington No. 37; ref. 1611] Southwestern Pacific, 22°35'S, 166°16'E, depth about 50 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1982-0469. Paratypes: Inst. Fr. d'Océanie (1); CSIRO (2, not found in 1997). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:122 [ref. 20810]. •Valid as Bathycongrus trilineatus (Castle 1964) -- (Castle 1995:709 [ref. 22123], Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31342]). •Possibly valid as Bathyuroconger trilineatus (Castle 1964) -- (Castle & Smith 1999:975 [ref. 25141]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus trilineatus (Castle 1964). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

trimaculatus, Bathycongrus Karmovskaya [E. S.] & Smith [D. G.] 2008:27, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa No. 1943; ref. 29972] Solomon Islands, 9°21'S, 159°58'E, depth 364-402 meters. Holotype: MNHN 2002-3924. Paratypes: MNHN 1995-0398 (2), 1995-0415 (3), 2000-0925 (1), 2000-1105 (1), 2002-3735 (4), 2005-2589 (2), 2007-0237 (2). •Valid as Bathycongrus trimaculatus Karmovskaya & Smith 2008 -- (Karmovskaya 2009:150 [ref. 30139], Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31342], Karmovskaya 2011:417 [ref. 31456]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus trimaculatus Karmovskaya & Smith 2008. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: off Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Fiji. Habitat: marine.

triporiceps, Conger Kanazawa [R. H.] 1958:243, Figs. 2-3; Pls. 1D, 4A [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 108 (no. 3400); ref. 12078] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8427. Replacement name for Conger brasiliensis Kaup 1856, preoccupied by Conger brasiliensis Ranzani 1840. •Valid as Conger triporiceps Kanazawa 1958 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:58 [ref. 23100], Smith 1989:519 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:743 [ref. 13285], Boschung 1992:38 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:303 [ref. 23827], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:301 [ref. 23897], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:142 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:149 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:99 [ref. 26784], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Smith et al. 2003:9 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:26 [ref. 33341], Carneiro et al. 2019:66 [ref. 37250], Carvalho-Filho 2023:55 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41622]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Conger triporiceps Kanazawa 1958. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda and Florida (U.S.A.) south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; larvae straying to Madeira (eastern Atlantic). IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

tritos, Gnathophis Smith [D. G.] & Kanazawa [R. H.] 1977:536, Fig. 7 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 4036] Straits of Florida, 23°25'N, 79°24'W to 23°34'N, 79°20'W, depth 516-521 meters. Holotype: ANSP 126972. Paratypes: UF 215758 [ex UMML 15758] (1), 229613 [ex UMML 29613] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:65 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Gnathophis tritos Smith & Kanazawa 1977 -- (Smith 1989:524 [ref. 13285], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis tritos Smith & Kanazawa 1977. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

trucidans, Xenomystax Alcock [A. W.] 1894:134 [20] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 63 (pt 2); ref. 90] Laccadive Sea, 7°05'45"N, 75°04'E, Investigator station 150, depth 719 fathoms. Holotype (unique): ZSI F13704. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:134 [ref. 20743], Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:36 [ref. 22148]. On p. 20 of separate. Figured in Alcock 1895: Pl. 16 (fig. 5) [ref. 20532]. •Valid as Xenomystax trucidans Alcock 1894 -- (Castle 1975:23 [ref. 25984], Smith 1989:559 [ref. 13285], Adam et al. 1998:8 [ref. 23610], Smith et al. 2017:39 [ref. 36260], Psomadakis et al. 2020:285 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Xenomystax trucidans Alcock 1894. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Oman east to Myanmar and Andaman Sea. Habitat: marine.

umbrellabia, Fimbriceps Whitley [G. P.] 1948:70, Fig. 1 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 4710] Three miles off Broughton Island, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: AMS IA.6895 (larger specimen). Paratypes: AMS IA.6895 (smaller specimen). Appeared first in Whitley 1946:64, figs. [ref, 9300] but without a description. •Valid as Gnathophis umbrellabius (Whitley 1948) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:142 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285], Paulin et al. 1989:75 [ref. 24556], Francis 1993:158 [ref. 25479], Gomon et al. 1994:214 [ref. 22532], Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000:S5 [ref. 25768], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:319 [ref. 28867], Hoese & Gates 2006:294 [ref. 28997], Smith 2008:178 [ref. 30621], Fricke et al. 2011:354 [ref. 31242], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:108 [ref. 36167], Smith & Stewart 2015:280 [ref. 34234]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis umbrellabius (Whitley 1948). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific; Australia, New Zealand, Kermadec Islands and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

unimaculatus, Bathycongrus Karmovskaya [E. S.] 2009:149, Fig. 5 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 49 (no. 2); ref. 30139] Southern Loyalty Basin, New Caledonia, 22°09'S, 167°12'E, depth 470-480 meters. Holotype (unique): MNHN 2000-1058. •Valid as Bathycongrus unimaculatus Karmovskaya 2009 -- (Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31342], Karmovskaya 2011:417 [ref. 31456]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus unimaculatus Karmovskaya 2009. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

varidens, Uroconger Garman [S.] 1899:304, Pl. 61 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Off Mariato Point and Cape San Francisco, south of Panama, 6-7°N, 78-81°W, Albatross station 3357 and 3396, depth 259-782 fathoms. Holotype: MCZ 28462. Paratypes: MCZ 28461 (1) Albatross station 3396. •Valid as Bathycongrus varidens (Garman 1899) -- (Raju 1985:17 [ref. 5287], Smith in Fischer et al. 1995:1033 [ref. 22829], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:131 [ref. 24555], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:6 [ref. 36248], Love et al. 2021:38 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:16 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:131 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus varidens (Garman 1899). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Chile, including Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

vermiformis, Oxyurus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:19 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:37 [ref. 3595]. •Incertae sedis in Congridae -- (Parenti 2019:114 [ref. 37117]). Congridae. Habitat: marine.

verreauxi, Conger Kaup [J. J.] 1856:72 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Australia. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:129 [ref. 20810]. Also in Kaup 1856:115 [ref. 2573]. •Valid as Conger verreauxi Kaup 1856 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:141 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285], Paulin et al. 1989:74 [ref. 24556], Paulin & Roberts 1992:105 [ref. 24625], Kuiter 1993:30 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:212 [ref. 22532], Hoese & Gates 2006:292 [ref. 28997], Smith 2008:176 [ref. 30621], Fricke et al. 2011:354 [ref. 31242], Smith & Stewart 2015:277 [ref. 34234]). Current status: Valid as Conger verreauxi Kaup 1856. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Australia and New Zealand, Raoul Island and ? New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

verrens, Veternio Snyder [J. O.] 1904:516, Pl. 2 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 [1902]; ref. 4149] Honolulu market, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50862. •Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871 -- (Smith 1994:12 [ref. 21917] dated 1830). •Synonym of Conger cinereus Rüppell 1871, subspecies marginatus Valenciennes 1850 -- (Mundy 2005:141 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Conger marginatus Valenciennes 1850. Current status: Synonym of Conger marginatus Valenciennes 1850. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

verus, Conger Risso [A.] 1827:201 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:239 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:159 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

vicinalis, Uroconger Garman [S.] 1899:304 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Cuba, 23°10'36"N, 82°20'28"W, Albatross station 2161, depth 146 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 84568. Type catalog: Smith 1994:12 [ref. 21917]. Based on Goode & Bean 1896: Pl. 42 (fig. 160) [ref. 1848]. •Valid as Rhechias vicinalis (Garman 1899) -- (Smith 1989:539 [ref. 13285], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:37 [ref. 27192]). •Valid as Bathycongrus vicinalis (Garman 1899) -- (Smith 1994:12 [ref. 21917], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:298 [ref. 23897], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:131 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus vicinalis (Garman 1899). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bahamas south to northern Brazil, including northern Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

vicinus, Uroconger Vaillant [L. L.] 1888:86, Pl. 6 (figs. 1, 1a-b) [Expéditions scientifiques du "Travailleur" et du "Talisman"; ref. 4496] Coasts of Soudan (depth 932 meters); Argnin Bank (depth 1495 meters); Cape Verde Islands (depth 1633 meters). Syntypes: MNHN 1884-0433 (1), 1884-0434 (1), 1884-0436 (1), 1884-0437 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:117 [ref. 20810] with 1884-436 as holotype. •Valid as Bathyuroconger vicinus (Vaillant 1888) -- (Uyeno & Sasaki in Uyeno et al. 1983:114 [ref. 14275], Machida in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Machida in Okamura & Kitajima 1984:97, 321 [ref. 8057], Castle 1986:163 [ref. 5644], Smith 1989:541 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:756 [ref. 13285], Castle in Amaoka et al. 1990:98 [ref. 16024], Smith 1990:158 [ref. 13454], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:137 [ref. 25472], Cervigón 1996:139 [ref. 24489], Adam et al. 1998:8 [ref. 23610], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:299 [ref. 23897], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Castle & Smith 1999:975 [ref. 25141], Nakabo 2000:232 [ref. 25086], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:232 [ref. 26001], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Moore et al. 2003:174 [ref. 27076], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S96 [ref. 27377], Karmovskaya 2004:S20 [ref. 28053], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370], Mundy 2005:140 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:290 [ref. 28997], Melo et al. 2009:7 [ref. 30460], Zhang et al. 2010:215 [ref. 31511], Fricke et al. 2011:353 [ref. 31342], Bañón et al. 2011:262 [ref. 31676], Ho et al. 2015:146 [ref. 34130], Lins Oliveira et al. 2015:49 [ref. 37485], Smith & Stewart 2015:275 [ref. 34234], Smith 2016:1691 [ref. 34556], Fricke et al. 2018:49 [ref. 35805], Smith et al. 2018:162 [ref. 36043], Carneiro et al. 2019:66 [ref. 37250], Klautau et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37903], Psomadakis et al. 2020:283 [ref. 37272] as cf. vicinus, Fermon et al. 2022:119 [ref. 39448], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:131 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Bathyuroconger vicinus (Vaillant 1888). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in warm seas, but not in eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

villosus, Bathycongrus Smith [D. G.], Karmovskaya [E. S.] & da Silva [J. P. C. B.] 2020:192, Figs. 1-3, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, 12A - [Zootaxa 4845 (no. 2); ref. 37749] Vanuatu, 15°36'S, 167°16'E, depth 182 - 215 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1997-3795. Paratypes: USNM. •Valid as Bathycongrus villosus Smith, Karmovskaya & da Silva 2020. Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus villosus Smith, Karmovskaya & da Silva 2020. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Vanuatu and the Philippines, western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

vitreus, Leptocephalus Kölliker [R. A. von] 1853:360 [Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie v. 4 (no. 6); ref. 13614] North Atlantic. Syntypes: (20). •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:240 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:160 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

vomerina, Ariosoma Myers [G. S.] & Wade [C. B.] 1941:68, Pl. 8 [Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition 1932-40, Los Angeles v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 3133] Port Utria, Colombia, 5°59'10"N, 77°21'W, depth 15-30 fathoms. Holotype: LACM 21554 [ex AHF 10]. Congridae: Bathymyrinae. Habitat: marine.

vulgaris, Conger Gistel [J.] 1848:104 [Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs; ref. 1822] No locality. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Conger vulgaris Yarrell 1832. 1°Homonym. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

vulgaris, Conger Poey [F.] 2000:769, Pl. 428 (fig. 2) [Ictiologia Cubana. Posthumous transcription of original unpublished manuscript (1884) by M. Sánchez Roig and F. Gómez de la Maza v. 1-3; ref. 26366] Not available; not explicitly proposed as new [see Art. 16.1 of the Code]. Posthumous publication. Other plates and figures listed under separate accounts of Conger vulgaris in same work. If available would be a junior homonym of both Conger vulgaris Yarrell 1832 and Conger vulgaris Gistel 1848. Congridae: Congrinae.

vulgaris, Conger Yarrell [W.] 1832:158 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 17746] Substitute name (to avoid Strickland tautonymy). •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:239 [ref. 7185], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:33 [ref. 26753], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:19 [ref. 36649]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

wallacei, Congrina Castle [P. H. J.] 1968:709, Pl. 107 B; Fig. 1 (a-b) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 33; ref. 7877] Off the mouth of Limpopo River, Mozambique, depth 480-500 meters. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 620 [=8074]. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 8075 (1), 8076 [ex 621] (1). Additional material (2). •Valid as Rhechias wallacei (Castle 1968) -- (Castle 1986:165 [ref. 5644], Smith 1989:533 [ref. 13285], Quéro & Saldanha 1995:78 [ref. 22017], Fricke 1999:70 [ref. 24106]). •Synonym of Bathycongrus roosendaali (Weber & de Beaufort 1916) -- (Ben-Tuvia 1993:366 [ref. 21130]). •Valid as Bathycongrus wallacei (Castle 1968) -- (Castle 1995:710 [ref. 22123], Castle & Smith 1999:993 [ref. 25141], Karmovskaya & Smith 2008:35 [ref. 29972], Fricke et al. 2009:20 [ref. 30213], Karmovskaya 2009:145 [ref. 30139], Karmovskaya 2011:417 [ref. 31456], Ho et al. 2015:145 [ref. 34130], Fricke et al. 2018:49 [ref. 35805], Huang et al. 2018:116 [ref. 36041], Smith & Ho 2018:142 [ref. 36042], Ramos-Castro et al. 2021:515 [ref. 38842], Sakai et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40948]). Current status: Valid as Bathycongrus wallacei (Castle 1968). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Natal (South Africa) to southern Mozambique, Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes); Indonesia and Philippines north to Taiwan and southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

wilsoni, Gymnothorax Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Banning) 1801:529 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Australia. No types known. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:155 [ref. 26380]. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:70 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Needs more research, including the status of its 3 synonyms; a neotype or petition might be needed to continue usage in Congridae. •Nomen dubium in Muraenidae -- (Böhlke & Smith 2002:155 [ref. 26380]). •Valid as Conger wilsoni (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Castle 1975:21 [ref. 25984], Castle 1986:164 [ref. 5644], Paxton et al. 1989:141 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285], Paulin et al. 1989:74 [ref. 24556], Paulin & Roberts 1992:105 [ref. 24625], Kuiter 1993:30 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:158 [ref. 25479], Gomon et al. 1994:212 [ref. 22532], Quéro & Saldanha 1995:76 [ref. 22017], Fricke 1999:70 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:722 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Heemstra et al. 2004:3316 [ref. 27945], Andrew et al. 1995:11 [ref. 38009], Hoese & Gates 2006:292 [ref. 28997], Randall 2007:56 [ref. 30952] with author as Schneider, Fricke et al. 2009:20 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2011:354 [ref. 31242], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:108 [ref. 36167], Arndt & Fricke 2019:14 [ref. 36883], Hoschke et al. 2019:153 [ref. 36626] as "wilsoni", Kodeeswaran et al. 2023:483 [ref. 40021]). Current status: Valid as Conger wilsoni (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Southern-central Atlantic: Gough Island; Indo-West Pacific (southern warm temperate waters): Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) to southern Mozambique and Mascarenes; southern Australia, Lord Howe Island and New Zealand east to Kermadec Islands and Tuvalu; possibly Japan. Habitat: marine.

xenica, Arisoma nystromi Matsubara [K.] & Ochiai [A.] 1951:8, Fig. 6 [Memoirs of the College of Agriculture Kyoto University No. 59; ref. 12898] Choshi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Holotype: FAKU M7593. Paratypes: FAKU M2192 (1), M7903 (1). Original genus should have been Ariosoma. •Valid as Gnathophis xenica (Matsubara & Ochiai 1951) -- (Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:230 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:230 [ref. 26001], Ho et al. 2018:237 [ref. 36049]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis xenica (Matsubara & Ochiai 1951). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

xenobranchialis, Blachea Karrer [C.] & Smith [D. G.] 1980:643, Figs. 1-6 [Copeia 1980 (no. 4); ref. 2566] Mozambique Channel, 12°43'S, 48°15'E, depth 360-348 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1979-0001. Paratypes: ANSP 140405 (1), MNHN 1979-0002 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:65 [ref. 13621], Bauchot et al. 1993:113 [ref. 20810]. •Valid as Blachea xenobranchialis Karrer & Smith 1980 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:140 [ref. 12442], Smith 1999:1686 [ref. 24661], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Myers & Donaldson 2003:612 [ref. 27495], Hoese & Gates 2006:291 [ref. 28997], Ho & Shao 2010:286 [ref. 33329], Sakurai et al. 2013:135 [ref. 33259], Ho et al. 2015:146 [ref. 34130], Fricke et al. 2018:49 [ref. 35805], Psomadakis et al. 2020:283 [ref. 37272], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:61 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Blachea xenobranchialis Karrer & Smith 1980. Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar; Myanmar; northern Western Australia; Mariana Islands. Habitat: marine.

yarrellii, Leptocephalus Kaup [J. J.] 1857:149, Pl 18 (fig. 13) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1856.7.9.16. Spelled yarellii on p. 149, as yarrellii on p. 163; the latter correctly formed. •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

zancleus, Leptocephalus Facciolà [L.] 1883:9, Pl. 4 (fig. 9) [Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Memorié v. 6 (pt 1); ref. 17476] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809) -- (Blache et al. 1973:242 [ref. 7185]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche 1809). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.