Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Echeneidae: [ 86 ] records

adtenuata, Remora Parenti [P.] 2021:569 [International Journal of Zoological Investigations v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 38651] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 3646a. Paralectotypes: RMNH 3646b (1). Replacement name for Echeneis pallida Temminck & Schlegel 1850, preoccupied by Echeneis pallida Lowe 1839. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:193 [ref. 12876] for Echeneis pallida Temminck & Schlegel 1850. Not available, not proposed as valid when described, but in synonymy of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839) (see ICZN Art. 11.5). •In the synonymy of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839) -- (Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

albacauda, Echeneis Mitchill [S. L.] 1818:244 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 4) (art. 1); ref. 17774] New York Bay, New York, Atlantic, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Smith 1986:423 [ref. 22186] as albicauda, Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

albescens, Echeneis Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1850:no page number, Pl. 20 (fig. 3) [Fauna Japonica Last part (15); ref. 4375] Nagasaki, Japan. No types known. Based on figure and manuscript of Burger (Boeseman 1947:193 [ref. 12876]). Dates to publication of Pl. 20, text p. 272 appeared in 1850. •Valid as Remorina albescens (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Lachner 1973:640 [ref. 7221], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:205 [ref. 9277], Dor 1984:122 [ref. 29757], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:223 [ref. 6441], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1334 [ref. 13677], Heemstra 1986:664 [ref. 5660], Robins & Ray 1986:158 [ref. 23100], Paxton et al. 1989:572 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Lachner & Post 1990:728 [ref. 18541], Boschung 1992:130 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:52 [ref. 24474], Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1060 [ref. 22829], Santos et al. 1997:84 [ref. 23531], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:356 [ref. 24023], Arruda 1997:121 [ref. 24952], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:98 [ref. 24555], Fricke 1999:243 [ref. 24106], Collette 1999:2653 [ref. 24785], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:232 [ref. 25013], Nakabo 2000:787 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:787 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:324, 601 [ref. 26218] dated 1845, Collette 2003:1419 [ref. 27087], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27192] dated 1845, Love et al. 2005:115 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:220 [ref. 28239], Shinohara et al. 2005:433 [ref. 28370], Mundy 2005:362 [ref. 28379], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Lee & Joo 2006:61 [ref. 28642], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:262 [ref. 28815], Paxton et al. 2006:1137 [ref. 28994], Randall 2007:221 [ref. 30952], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Fourriére et al. 2016:458 [ref. 34668], Golani & Fricke 2018:82 [ref. 36273], Love et al. 2021:157 [ref. 39279]). •Valid as Remora albescens (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Paulin et al. 1989:182 [ref. 24556], O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Schwartz 2004:3 [ref. 27806], Nelson et al. 2004:139 [ref. 27807], Gray et al. 2009:190, 194 [ref. 31117], Page et al. 2013:146 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Psomadakis et al. 2015:213 [ref. 34104], Trnski 2015:1240 [ref. 34198], Collette in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2446 [ref. 34618], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:232 [ref. 35888], Brown et al. 2019:166 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:249 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:185 [ref. 38139], Sonoyama et al. 2020:61 [ref. 37637], Love et al. 2021:157 [ref. 39279], Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651], Shirke et al. 2021:34 [ref. 38065], Fermon et al. 2022:242 [ref. 39448] possible, Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Heemstra 2022:71 [ref. 39885], Carvalho-Filho 2023:136 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:128 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Remora albescens (Temminck & Schlegel 1850). Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Red Sea; Sea of Japan; central and southern Gulf of California/Mexico). Habitat: marine.

alveolata, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated (Brazil). No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

apicalis, Echeneis Poey [F.] 1860:254 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies 1791) -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:726 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:19 [ref. 23547], Nelson et al. 2004:139 [ref. 27807], Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies 1791). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

arrostii, Echeneis Cocco [A.] 1838:14 [Il Faro Anno 6, v. 4 (no. 15); ref. 20278] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

australis, Echeneis Bennett [F. D.] 1840:273 [Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe v. 2; ref. 260] No locality. No types known. •Valid as Remilegia australis (Bennett 1840) -- (Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:98 [ref. 24555]). •Valid as Remora australis (Bennett 1840) -- (Lachner 1973:638 [ref. 7221], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:204 [ref. 9277], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:222 [ref. 6441], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1331 [ref. 13677], Heemstra 1986:663 [ref. 5660], Robins & Ray 1986:158 [ref. 23100], Paxton et al. 1989:572 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], McAllister 1990:214 [ref. 14674], Lachner & Post 1990:727 [ref. 18541], Boschung 1992:129 [ref. 23239], Gomon et al. 1994:580 [ref. 22532], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1061 [ref. 22829], Lindberg et al. 1997:30 [ref. 23547], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:355 [ref. 24023] [but see McCosker 1998:809 [ref. 24025]], Fricke 1999:242 [ref. 24106], Collette 1999:2653 [ref. 24785], Nakabo 2000:788 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Shinohara et al. 2001:324 [ref. 25995], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:82 [ref. 26753], Nakabo 2002:788 [ref. 26001], O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Collette 2003:1417 [ref. 27087], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:139 [ref. 27807], Golani 2005:39 [ref. 37112], Love et al. 2005:115 [ref. 37547], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:258 [ref. 28815], Mundy 2005:360 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:1137 [ref. 28994], Fricke et al. 2007:83 [ref. 29533], Gomon 2008:574 [ref. 30616], Fricke et al. 2009:54 [ref. 30213], Gray et al. 2009:190 [ref. 31117], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:44 [ref. 36649], Page et al. 2013:146 [ref. 32708], Psomadakis et al. 2015:214 [ref. 34104], Collette in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2446 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:457 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:232 [ref. 35888], Artüz & Fricke 2019:556 [ref. 36612], Burton & Lea 2019:75 [ref. 37205], Becerril-García et al. 2019:300 [ref. 37450], Carneiro et al. 2019:249 [ref. 37250], Kovačić et al. 2020:37 [ref. 37519], Golani 2021:48 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:47 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:157 [ref. 39279], Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651], Fermon et al. 2022:242 [ref. 39448] possible, Furuhashi et al. 2022:11 [ref. 39004], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Heemstra 2022:72 [ref. 39885], Carvalho-Filho 2023:135 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:128 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Remora australis (Bennett 1840). Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of California/Mexico). Habitat: marine.

balteata, Echeneis Valenciennes [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Red Sea]. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

batrachoides, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:378 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Porto Praya, Cape Verde Islands]. No types known. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

belangerii, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Malabar and Pondichéry, India]. No types known. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

borboniensis, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] 1863:C-19 [Faune ichthyologique 2nd Partie, Annexe C.; ref. 1943] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1238. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1989:13 [ref. 15502]. Appeared as name only (bourboniensis) in Duméril 1858:377 [ref. 17427]. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Fricke 1999:242 [ref. 24106], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

brachyptera, Echeneis Lowe [R. T.] 1839:89 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Madeira, eastern Atlantic. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839) -- (Lachner 1973:639 [ref. 7221], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:204 [ref. 9277], Dor 1984:121 [ref. 29757], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:222 [ref. 6441], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1332 [ref. 13677], Heemstra 1986:663 [ref. 5660], Robins & Ray 1986:158 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:373 [ref. 25518], Paxton et al. 1989:572 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:182 [ref. 24556], McAllister 1990:214 [ref. 14674], Lachner & Post 1990:727 [ref. 18541], Boschung 1992:129 [ref. 23239], Goren & Dor 1994:32 [ref. 25356], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1061 [ref. 22829], Santos et al. 1997:84 [ref. 23531], Lindberg et al. 1997:33 [ref. 23547], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:355 [ref. 24023], Arruda 1997:120 [ref. 24952], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:98 [ref. 24555], Collette 1999:2653 [ref. 24785], Afonso et al. 1999:73 [ref. 25466], Fricke 1999:242 [ref. 24106], Nakabo 2000:788 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Collette in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:407 [ref. 26158], Nakabo 2002:788 [ref. 26001], O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Collette 2003:1418 [ref. 27087], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27192], Parin 2003:S6 [ref. 28536], Schwartz 2004:3 [ref. 27806], Nelson et al. 2004:139 [ref. 27807], Dennis et al. 2004:76 [ref. 31601], Love et al. 2005:115 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:361 [ref. 28379], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:259 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Paxton et al. 2006:1137 [ref. 28994], Wirtz et al. 2007:31 [ref. 30263], Gomon 2008:574 [ref. 30616], Fricke et al. 2009:54 [ref. 30213], Gray et al. 2009:190 [ref. 31117], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Bañon et al. 2010:16 [ref. 31029], Page et al. 2013:146 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32972], Larson et al. 2013:117 [ref. 32988], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:50 [ref. 33341], Parin et al. 2014:359 [ref. 33547], Trnski 2015:1241 [ref. 34198], Collette in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2447 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:457 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565], Kells et al. 2016:232 [ref. 35888], Bañón et al. 2017:401 [ref. 41159], Golani & Fricke 2018:81 [ref. 36273], Carneiro et al. 2019:249 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:185 [ref. 38139], Kim et al. 2020:123 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:61 [ref. 37637], Bañón & Maño 2021:82 [ref. 38887], Kovačić et al. 2021:86 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:157 [ref. 39279], Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651], Shirke et al. 2021:31 [ref. 38065], Anislado-Tolentino et al. 2022:72 [ref. 39532], Fermon et al. 2022:242 [ref. 39448], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Heemstra 2022:72 [ref. 39885], Carvalho-Filho 2023:135 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:128 [ref. 40505], Pavičić et al. 2024:180 [ref. 41069]). Current status: Valid as Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839). Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas (including Mediterranean Sea; Red Sea; Sea of Japan; Gulf of California/Mexico). Habitat: marine.

caudabifurca, Echeneis Olafsen [E.] & Povelsen [B.] 1775:207 [Reise Island 1774-75 v. 1 (pts 1-2); ref. 18494] Iceland. Originally as cauda bifurca. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

caudisetis, Echeneis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1818:203 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 20979] Stated in Rafinesque 1818:203 [ref. 20979] as having been published ["sent in 1811 to the Linnean Society of London"], but not yet confirmed; perhaps name only in 1818 and not available. •Incertae sedis in Echeneidae -- (Parenti 2021:571 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

chiromacer, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Réunion]. No types known. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •Questionably a synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fricke 1999:241 [ref. 24106]). •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

chirosteon, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:378 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated (Brazil). No types known. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829) -- (Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

clypeata, Echeneis Günther [A.] 1860:401 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 5 (no. 29) (art. 42); ref. 18213] Cape Seas, South Africa. No types known. Misspelled clyptera by Okada & Matsubara 1938:376 [ref. 18610]. •Synonym of Remorina albescens (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Lachner 1973:640 [ref. 7221], Heemstra 1986:664 [ref. 5660], Lachner & Post 1990:728 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:38 [ref. 23547]). •Synonym of Remora albescens (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651], Heemstra 2022:71 [ref. 39885]). Current status: Synonym of Remora albescens (Temminck & Schlegel 1850). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

congesta, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Buru, Indonesia; Maldives; Mediterranean Sea]. No types known. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

coronata, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated []. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

dussumierii, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Seychelles]. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

fasciata, Echeneis Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:92 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:725 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:21 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

flavescens, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:378 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated. No types known. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

flaviventris, Leptecheneis Seale [A.] 1906:83, Fig. 23 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3999] Mangareva Island, Gambier Islands, South Pacific. Holotype (unique): BPBM 834. •Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:725 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:21 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

fusca, Echeneis Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:92 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] American Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.117 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:244 [ref. 13434] but as holotype. •Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Wheeler 1958:244 [ref. 13434], Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:725 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:21 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gaimardi, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Tongatapu, Tonga]. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

golubevi, Pseudoremora Taranetz [A. Ya.] 1937:139 [Izvestiia Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta Rybnogo Khoziaistva i Okeanografii [Proceedings, Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, TINRO, Moskva] v. 11; ref. 13384] Rynda Bay, Northern Primoriye, Russia. No types known. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Lindberg et al. 1997:27 [ref. 23547], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:34 [ref. 25650], Parin 2003:S6 [ref. 28536], Parin et al. 2014:359 [ref. 33547], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

guaican, Echeneis Poey [F.] 1860:248 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. Poey specimens: ZMB 5899 (1, dry). •Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:725 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:21 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

holbrookii, Echeneis Günther [A.] 1860:400 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 5 (no. 29) (art. 42); ref. 18213] Based on literature sources. •Incertae sedis in Echeneidae -- (Parenti 2021:571 [ref. 38651]). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

homodonta, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [China]. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

imperati, Echeneis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:29 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Original typesetting unclear, appearing as lmperati, but Rafinesque says, "Echeneo d' imperati" so imperati regarded as correct. New name for Echeneis mediterraneus Rafinesque 1810. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:102 [ref. 37117], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

isodonta, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Seychelles]. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

jacobaea, Echeneis Lowe [R. T.] 1839:89 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Off Madeira. Holotype: Probably lost. •Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829) -- (Lachner 1973:639 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:728 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:36 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

jacoboea, Remora Gill [T. N.] 1863:88 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1679] Apparently a replacement name for Echeneis remora Linnaeus 1758 to avoid "Strickland tautonymy". •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

jamaicensis, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Jamaica]. Holotype: MNHN A-5950. Type catalog: Bauchot 1969:141 [ref. 20807]. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lineata, Echeneis Menzies [A.] 1791:187, Pl. 17 (fig. 1) [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London v. 1 (art. 21); ref. 17665] Pacific. No types known. •Valid as Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies 1791) -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:204 [ref. 9277], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:222 [ref. 6441], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1331 [ref. 13677], Heemstra 1986:662 [ref. 5660], Robins & Ray 1986:157 [ref. 23100], Paxton et al. 1989:572 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:182 [ref. 24556], Lachner & Post 1990:726 [ref. 18541], Boschung 1992:129 [ref. 23239], Suzuki & Uno 1992:4 [ref. 24139], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1061 [ref. 22829], Santos et al. 1997:84 [ref. 23531], Lindberg et al. 1997:19 [ref. 23547], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:355 [ref. 24023], Arruda 1997:120 [ref. 24952], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:97 [ref. 24555], Collette 1999:2653 [ref. 24785], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:231 [ref. 25013], Randall 1999:14 [ref. 25829], Nakabo 2000:787 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:787 [ref. 26001], O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Collette 2003:1417 [ref. 27087], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:319 [ref. 28072], Dennis et al. 2004:76 [ref. 31601], Love et al. 2005:115 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:360 [ref. 28379], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:257 [ref. 28815], Lee & Joo 2006:59 [ref. 28642], Paxton et al. 2006:1136 [ref. 28994], Randall 2007:221 [ref. 30952], Gray et al. 2009:190 [ref. 31117], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:146 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2014:81 [ref. 33932], Trnski 2015:1239 [ref. 34198], Collette in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2446 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:457 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565], Kells et al. 2016:232 [ref. 35888], Carneiro et al. 2019:249 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:184 [ref. 38139], Kim et al. 2020:123 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:61 [ref. 37637], Love et al. 2021:156 [ref. 39279], Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651], Fermon et al. 2022:242 [ref. 39448], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Heemstra 2022:71 [ref. 39885], Carvalho-Filho 2023:135 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:128 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies 1791). Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Gulf of California/Mexico; Sea of Japan). Habitat: marine.

loevis, Echeneis Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:73 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] South Africa. Syntypes: (2). •Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839) -- (Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

lophioides, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] 1863:C-20 [Faune ichthyologique 2nd Partie, Annexe C.; ref. 1943] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1239. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1989:13 [ref. 15502]. Appeared as name only in Duméril 1858:378 [ref. 17427]. •Synonym of Remora albescens (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora albescens (Temminck & Schlegel 1850). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

lunata, Echeneis Bancroft [E. N.] 1831:134 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 15966] Kingston, Jamaica. No types known. Also appeared as new in Bancroft 1835:413, Pl. 18 [ref. 15971]. •Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:725 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:21 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

macrochir, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

maculosa, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Cayenne, French Guyana]. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

malabarica, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Malabar, India]. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

maxillosa, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Trincomalee, Sri Lanka; Waigiou; Indonesia]. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

mediterraneus, Echeneis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:35 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:29 [ref. 3595] in account of Echeneis imperati. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:111 [ref. 37117], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

megalodiscus, Echeneis Franz [V.] 1910:69, Pl. 8 (fig. 57) [Abhandlungen der math.-phys. Klasse der K. Bayer Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 4 (Suppl.) (no. 1); ref. 1481] Yokohama and Aburatsubo, Japan. Syntypes: ZSM [old collection] (1 + 6) destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:274 [ref. 28925]. •Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829) -- (Lachner 1973:640 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:728 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:36 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

metallica, Echeneis Poey [F.] 1860:252 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Canal of Bahama, Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:725 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:21 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

moratrix, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated. No types known. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

multiradiatus, Phtheirichthys Schultz [L. P.] 1943:256, Pl. 9 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 180; ref. 3957] Off reef of Canton Island, Phoenix Islands (off of a barricuda). Holotype: USNM 115736. Paratypes: MCZ 37257 [ex USNM 117864] (1). •Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies 1791) -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:726 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:19 [ref. 23547], Mundy 2005:360 [ref. 28379], Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies 1791). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

musignani, Echeneis Costa [O. G.] 1840:Echeneis p. 9, Pl. 27 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] [Napoli] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Lectotype: MZUF 4408. Type catalog: Vanni 1991:225 [ref. 20099], Nocita & Vanni 1998:71 [ref. 36144]. Lectotype selected by Tortonese 1972:4 [ref. 29216] as MZUF 1096. •Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829) -- (Lindberg et al. 1997:36 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

naucrates, Echeneis Linnaeus [C.] 1758:261 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Indian Ocean; Mediterranean Sea (Italy). Syntypes: ?NRM 3688 (1), ZMUU Linn. Coll. 82 (1). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:241 [ref. 20707], Wheeler 1985:53 [ref. 20705], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1330 [ref. 13677], Wheeler 1991:171-172 [ref. 20102]. Originally spelled neucrates; regarded as a misprint and placed on Official Index (Opinion 242). Based on the “Echeneis naucrates” of Hasselquist 1757:324 (no. 68) [ref. 30181], and on a manuscript plate by A. Vallisneri. •Valid as Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Kyushin et al. 1977:374 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:309 [ref. 19754], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:203 [ref. 9277], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:326 [ref. 14275], Dor 1984:121 [ref. 29757], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:222 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:662 [ref. 5660], Robins & Ray 1986:157 [ref. 23100], Smith 1986:423 [ref. 22186], Allen & Swainston 1988:76 [ref. 25477], Scott & Scott 1988:373 [ref. 25518], Paulin et al. 1989:182 [ref. 24556], Paxton et al. 1989:571 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Winterbottom et al. 1989:33 [ref. 13251], McAllister 1990:214 [ref. 14674], Lachner & Post 1990:725 [ref. 18541], Randall et al. 1990:155 [ref. 15987], Boschung 1992:129 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:307 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:48 [ref. 24474], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:223 [ref. 24016], Kuiter 1993:168 [ref. 23929], Allen & Robertson 1994:125 [ref. 22193], Gomon et al. 1994:579 [ref. 22532], Goren & Dor 1994:32 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:170 [ref. 22896], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1061 [ref. 22829], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:603 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:118 [ref. 23977], Arruda 1997:120 [ref. 24952], Carpenter et al. 1997:154 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:164 [ref. 26476], Cheng & Zhou 1997:398 [ref. 26385], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:355 [ref. 24023], Kuiter 1997:154 [ref. 25488], Larson & Williams 1997:358 [ref. 23967], Lindberg et al. 1997:21 [ref. 23547], Murdy et al. 1997:177 [ref. 23144], Randall et al. 1997:155 [ref. 25919], Santos et al. 1997:83 [ref. 23531], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:97 [ref. 24555], Myers 1999:135 [ref. 23965], Afonso et al. 1999:84 [ref. 25466], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:272 [ref. 24550], Collette 1999:2654 [ref. 24785], Fricke 1999:241 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:733 [ref. 25471], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:244 [ref. 24754], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:231 [ref. 25013], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Allen 2000:102 [ref. 25868], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:223 [ref. 25191], Nakabo 2000:787 [ref. 25086], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:104 [ref. 25480], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Wang et al. 2001:327 [ref. 26566], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:82 [ref. 26753], Collette in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:406 [ref. 26158], Nakabo 2002:787 [ref. 26001], O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830] with genus as Eceneis, Choi et al. 2003:325, 601 [ref. 26218], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Collette 2003:1416 [ref. 27087], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:29 [ref. 27712], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Parin 2003:S5 [ref. 28536], Smith et al. 2003:30 [ref. 27621], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:319 [ref. 28072], Nelson et al. 2004:139 [ref. 27807], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Schwartz 2004:2 [ref. 27806], Golani 2005:38 [ref. 37112], Love et al. 2005:115 [ref. 37547], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:255 [ref. 28815], Mundy 2005:360 [ref. 28379], Randall 2005:219 [ref. 28239], Lee & Joo 2006:61 [ref. 28642], Paxton et al. 2006:1136 [ref. 28994], Fricke et al. 2007:83 [ref. 29533], Randall 2007:220 [ref. 30952], Vasil'eva 2007:90 [ref. 30517], Wirtz et al. 2007:31 [ref. 30263], Fricke 2008:31 [ref. 30182], Gomon 2008:573 [ref. 30616], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:54 [ref. 30213], Gray et al. 2009:190 [ref. 31117], Motomura 2009:114 [ref. 30446], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:43 [ref. 36649], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:114 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:425 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:117 [ref. 32988], Page et al. 2013:146 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32972], Yoshida et al. 2013:113 [ref. 34464], Fricke et al. 2014:81 [ref. 33932], Parin et al. 2014:359 [ref. 33547], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:50 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:113 [ref. 36167], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2015:42 [ref. 34319], Pinheiro et al. 2015:17 [ref. 34324], Psomadakis et al. 2015:213 [ref. 34104], Trnski 2015:1238 [ref. 34198], Collette in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2444 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:232 [ref. 35888], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565], Motomura et al. 2017:102 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:321 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:178 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:81 [ref. 36273], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Suresh et al. 2018:197 [ref. 36495], Artüz & Fricke 2019:556 [ref. 36612], Brown et al. 2019:166 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:249 [ref. 37250], Eagderi et al. 2019:55 [ref. 37020], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Fricke et al. 2019:143 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Reiner 2019:184 [ref. 38139], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Bariche & Fricke 2020:67 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 15 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:123 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2020:37 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:415 [ref. 37272], Robertson et al. 2020:154 [ref. 38098], Sonoyama et al. 2020:61 [ref. 37637], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:332 [ref. 38945], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:833 [ref. 38925], Dyldin et al. 2021:47 [ref. 38804], Golani 2021:48 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:47 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:156 [ref. 39279], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:74 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:242 [ref. 39448], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:161 [ref. 41223], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Heemstra 2022:70 [ref. 39885], Bagley et al. 2023:318 [ref. 41241], Carvalho-Filho 2023:135 [ref. 40480], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:128 [ref. 40505], Vilasri et al. 2023:80 [ref. 40764], Allen & Erdmann 2024:454 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, South China Sea, Sea of Japan, Gulf of California/Mexico). IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

naucratoides, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disks only. Perhaps intended for Echeneis neucratoides Zuiew 1789. •Synonym of Echeneis neucratoides Zuiew 1789 -- (Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis neucratoides Zuiew 1789. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

neucratoides, Echeneis Zuiew [B.] 1789:279, Pl. 6 [Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae v. 4 (for 1788); ref. 17711] No locality stated [western Atlantic]. Holotype: ZIN uncat. (whereabouts unknown). As Echeneidis nova species in title, but spelled Echeneis Neucratoides in the main heading, and that is the spelling used by current workers. First reviser not researched; we suggest continued use of neucratoides. •Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:272 [ref. 24550]). •Valid as Echeneis neucratoides Zuiew 1789 (date often given as 1786) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:157 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:129 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:308 [ref. 23827], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754] as Zuiev, O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Collette 2003:1417 [ref. 27087], Nelson et al. 2004:139 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:256 [ref. 28815], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Gray et al. 2009:190, 195 [ref. 31117] perhaps conspecific with E. naucrates, p. 195, Page et al. 2013:146 [ref. 32708], Robertson et al. 2020:154 [ref. 38098], Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651], Bagley et al. 2023:318 [ref. 41241], Carvalho-Filho 2023:135 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:128 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Echeneis neucratoides Zuiew 1789. Echeneidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2017): Data Deficient. Habitat: marine.

nieuhofii, Echeneis Bleeker [P.] 1853:279 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 12580] Priaman, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839) -- (Lachner 1973:639 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:727 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:33 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

novaehollandiae, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Australia]. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

nubifera, Echeneis Tanaka [S.] 1915:360, Pls. 96 (302-303), 97 (304-305) [Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan v. 20; ref. 6036] Matsuwa coast, near Misaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Sagami Sea, Japan. Holotype (unique): ZUMT 54384. Species as nubibera in main heading but nubifera in the table of contents, and in the captions of plates 96-97; nubifera regarded as correct. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Lachner 1973:638 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:727 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:27 [ref. 23547] as nubibera, Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

obsoleta, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Pondicherry, India]. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

occidentalis, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Senegal]. No types known. Name with number of disks plates only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

osteochir, Echeneis Cuvier [G.] 1829:348 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Martinique Island, West Indies, western Atlantic. Syntypes: MNHN A-5934 (1), A-5945 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1989:13 [ref. 15502]. •Valid as Echeneis osteochir Cuvier 1829 -- (Herrera 1896:43 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Rhombochirus osteochir (Cuvier 1829) -- (Paulin et al. 1989:182 [ref. 24556], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:98 [ref. 24555]). •Valid as Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829) -- (Lachner 1973:639 [ref. 7221], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:205 [ref. 9277], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:222 [ref. 6441], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1332 [ref. 13677], Robins & Ray 1986:158 [ref. 23100], Paxton et al. 1989:572 [ref. 12442], Lachner & Post 1990:728 [ref. 18541], Boschung 1992:129 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:51 [ref. 24474], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1061 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:170 [ref. 22896], Santos et al. 1997:84 [ref. 23531], Lindberg et al. 1997:36 [ref. 23547], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:356 [ref. 24023], Fricke 1999:242 [ref. 24106], Collette 1999:2653 [ref. 24785], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:232 [ref. 25013], Nakabo 2000:788 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:788 [ref. 26001], O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Collette 2003:1418 [ref. 27087], al. 1995:1061 [ref. 22829], Santos et al. 1997:84 [ref. 23531], Lindberg et al. 1997:33 [ref. 23547], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:355 [ref. 24023], Arruda 1997:120 [ref. 24952], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:98 [ref. 24555], Collette 1999:2653 [ref. 24785], Afonso et al. 1999:73 [ref. 25466], Nakabo 2000:788 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Collette in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:407 [ref. 26158], Nakabo 2002:788 [ref. 26001], O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Collette 2003:1418 [ref. 27087], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Schwartz 2004:3 [ref. 27806], Nelson et al. 2004:139 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:115 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:361 [ref. 28379], Randall et al. 2005:121 [ref. 28745], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:260 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Paxton et al. 2006:1137 [ref. 28994], Gomon 2008:574 [ref. 30616], Gray et al. 2009:190 [ref. 31117], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:146 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:50 [ref. 33341], Trnski 2015:1242 [ref. 34198], Collette in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2445 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:458 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:36 [ref. 35333], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565] with author as Linnaeus 1758, Kells et al. 2016:234 [ref. 35888], Fricke et al. 2018:179 [ref. 35805], Bañón et al. 2019:192 [ref. 36706], Brown et al. 2019:166 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:250 [ref. 37250], Akyol et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37823], Bañón & Maño 2021:82 [ref. 38887], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:333 [ref. 38945], Kim et al. 2020:123 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2021:47 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:157 [ref. 39279], Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651], Shirke et al. 2021:32 [ref. 38065], Dulčić et al. 2022:304 [ref. 39021], Fermon et al. 2022:242 [ref. 39448] possible, Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Heemstra 2022:72 [ref. 39885], Carvalho-Filho 2023:135 [ref. 40480], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:128 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829). Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea; southern and central Gulf of California/Mexico). Habitat: marine.

pacifica, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, and Waigeu, Indonesia]. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:29 [ref. 3595] in account of Echeneis imperati. •Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Lindberg et al. 1997:21 [ref. 23547] as pacificus, Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

pallida, Echeneis Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1850:271, Pl. 120 (figs. 2-2a) [Fauna Japonica Last part (15); ref. 4375] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 3646a. Paralectotypes: RMNH 3646b (1). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:193 [ref. 12876]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Echeneis pallida Lowe 1839. •Wrongly treated as valid as Remora pallida (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Suzuki & Hosokawa 1994:5 [ref. 24339], Nakabo 2000:788 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:788 [ref. 26001]). •Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839) -- (Lachner 1973:639 [ref. 7221], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1332 [ref. 13677], Lindberg et al. 1997:33 [ref. 23547], Mundy 2005:361 [ref. 28379], Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

pallida, Echeneis Lowe [R. T.] 1839:89 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Off Madeira. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. •In the synonymy of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

parva, Echeneis Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:92 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] American Ocean. No types known. Unneeded replacement name for Echeneis remora Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Lachner 1973:638 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:726 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:27 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

pediculus, Echeneis Girard [A. A.] 1893:611, Pl. 2 [Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa v. 11 (no. 9); ref. 14528] Coast of Portugal. Holotype: lost. •Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829) -- (Lachner 1973:639 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:728 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:36 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

polyancura, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Da Nang, Vietnam, and Malabar, India.]. No types known. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

postica, Echeneis Poey [F.] 1860:255 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Lachner 1973:638 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:726 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:27 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

potomac, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Potomac River, U.S.A.]. No types known. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

purpurascens, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Guadeloupe]. No types known. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

quatuordecimlaminatus, Echeneis Storer [D. H.] 1839:496 [155] [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 2 (nos 3-4) (art. 12); ref. 4278] Massachusetts, U.S.A. On Official Index (Opinion 1033); suppressed for purposes of priority but not homonymy. •In the synonymy of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839) -- (Lachner 1973:639 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:727 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:33 [ref. 23547] as quatuordecimlamellatus, Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

quinquevittata, Echeneis Parenti [P.] 2021:561 [International Journal of Zoological Investigations v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 38651] Off Madeira. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Replacement name for Echeneis vittata Lowe 1839. Not available, not proposed as valid when described, but in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 (see ICZN Art. 11.5). •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

ranina, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:378 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Seychelles]. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

remeligo, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] (ex Duméril) 1863:C-17 [Faune ichthyologique 2nd Partie, Annexe C.; ref. 1943] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1098 (2) Buenos Aires, 0000-1099 (1) Buenos Aires, 0000-1237 (1) Réunion I. Appeared as name only in Duméril 1858:377 [ref. 17427]. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Fricke 1999:242 [ref. 24106], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

remora, Echeneis Linnaeus [C.] 1758:260 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Indian Ocean. Syntypes: ZMUU Linn. Coll. 58 (1). Type catalog: Lönnberg 1896:25 [ref. 23530], Wheeler 1991:171, Fig. 10 [ref. 20102]. •Valid as Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Lachner 1973:638 [ref. 7221], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:205 [ref. 9277], Dor 1984:122 [ref. 29757], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:222 [ref. 6441], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1333 [ref. 13677], Heemstra 1986:663 [ref. 5660], Robins & Ray 1986:158 [ref. 23100], Allen & Swainston 1988:76 [ref. 25477], Scott & Scott 1988:374 [ref. 25518], Paxton et al. 1989:572 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:182 [ref. 24556], McAllister 1990:214 [ref. 14674], Lachner & Post 1990:726 [ref. 18541], Boschung 1992:129 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1993:50 [ref. 24474], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Francis & Randall 1993:130 [ref. 20996], Allen & Robertson 1994:125 [ref. 22193], Gomon et al. 1994:581 [ref. 22532], Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356], Andrew et al. 1995:22 [ref. 38009], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1060 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:171 [ref. 22896], Allen & Robertson 1997:825 [ref. 41086], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:354 [ref. 24023], Allen 1997:118 [ref. 23977], Santos et al. 1997:84 [ref. 23531], Lindberg et al. 1997:27 [ref. 23547], Arruda 1997:121 [ref. 24952], Cheng & Zhou 1997:399 [ref. 26385], Kuiter 1997:154 [ref. 25488], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:98 [ref. 24555], Myers 1999:135 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:242 [ref. 24106], Collette 1999:2653 [ref. 24785], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:232 [ref. 25013], Johnson 1999:733 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:14 [ref. 25829], Nakabo 2000:788 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:34 [ref. 25650], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Wang et al. 2001:328 [ref. 26566], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:82 [ref. 26753], Collette in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:408 [ref. 26158], Nakabo 2002:788 [ref. 26001], O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Choi et al. 2003:324, 601 [ref. 26218], Collette 2003:1418 [ref. 27087], al. 1995:1061 [ref. 22829], Santos et al. 1997:84 [ref. 23531], Lindberg et al. 1997:33 [ref. 23547], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:355 [ref. 24023], Arruda 1997:120 [ref. 24952], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:98 [ref. 24555], Collette 1999:2653 [ref. 24785], Afonso et al. 1999:73 [ref. 25466], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:788 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:32 [ref. 25847], Collette in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:407 [ref. 26158], Nakabo 2002:788 [ref. 26001], O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Collette 2003:1418 [ref. 27087], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S106 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Parin 2003:S6 [ref. 28536], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:319 [ref. 28072], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Nelson et al. 2004:139 [ref. 27807], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Schwartz 2004:3 [ref. 27806], Golani 2005:39 [ref. 37112], Love et al. 2005:115 [ref. 37547], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:261 [ref. 28815], Mundy 2005:361 [ref. 28379], Randall 2005:220 [ref. 28239], Shinohara et al. 2005:433 [ref. 28370], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Lee & Joo 2006:61 [ref. 28642], Paxton et al. 2006:1137 [ref. 28994], Fricke et al. 2007:83 [ref. 29533], Randall 2007:221 [ref. 30952], Fricke 2008:31 [ref. 30182], Gomon 2008:575 [ref. 30616], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Béarez & Séret 2009:147 [ref. 36646], Fricke et al. 2009:55 [ref. 30213], Gray et al. 2009:190 [ref. 31117], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:44 [ref. 36649], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Bañon et al. 2010:16 [ref. 31029], Page et al. 2013:146 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Wirtz et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32972], Larson et al. 2013:117 [ref. 32988], Parin et al. 2014:359 [ref. 33547], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:50 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:113 [ref. 36167], Pinheiro et al. 2015:17 [ref. 34324], Psomadakis et al. 2015:214 [ref. 34104], Trnski 2015:1243 [ref. 34198], Collette in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2446 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:458 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:36 [ref. 35333], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565] with author as Cuvier 1829, Kells et al. 2016:234 [ref. 35888], Fricke et al. 2018:179 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:82 [ref. 36273], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36248], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Artüz & Fricke 2019:556 [ref. 36612], Brown et al. 2019:166 [ref. 36444], Burton & Lea 2019:75 [ref. 37205], Carneiro et al. 2019:250 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], González-Murcia et al. 2019:299 [ref. 36544], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Reiner 2019:186 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:67 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 15 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:123 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2020:37 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:415 [ref. 37272], Robertson et al. 2020:154 [ref. 38098], Sonoyama et al. 2020:61 [ref. 37637], Bañón & Maño 2021:82 [ref. 38887], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:334 [ref. 38945], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:833 [ref. 38925], Golani 2021:48 [ref. 38303], Iglésias et al. 2021:176 [ref. 38818], Kovačić et al. 2021:47 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:157 [ref. 39279], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651], Fermon et al. 2022:242 [ref. 39448], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:161 [ref. 41223], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Heemstra 2022:73 [ref. 39885], Bagley et al. 2023:318 [ref. 41241], Carvalho-Filho 2023:136 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:128 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40816]). Current status: Valid as Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico; Caribbean Sea; western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Red Sea; Sea of Japan; southern and central Gulf of California/Mexico). IUCN (2017): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

remoroides, Echeneis Bleeker [P.] 1855:70 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 16842] Batu Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Original as remoroïdes. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Lachner 1973:638 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:726 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:27 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

ricordii, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Cayenne, French Guyana, and Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic]. No types known. Name with number of pairs of disk. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

scaphecrates, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated [Indian Ocean]. No types known. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •Questionably a synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fricke 1999:241 [ref. 24106]). •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

scutata, Echeneis Günther [A.] 1860:401, Pl. 10 (fig. B) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 5 (no. 29) (art. 42); ref. 18213] Sri Lanka. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1952.10.8.1. •Synonym of Remora australis (Bennett 1840) -- (Lachner 1973:638 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:727 [ref. 18541], Gomon et al. 1994:580 [ref. 22532], Lindberg et al. 1997:30 [ref. 23547], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:82 [ref. 26753], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:44 [ref. 36649], Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora australis (Bennett 1840). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

sexdecimlamellata, Echeneis Eydoux [J. F. T.] & Gervais [F. L. P.] 1837:1, Pl. 16 [Magasin de Zoologie 1837 (year 7); ref. 17471] Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-5961. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1989:14 [ref. 15502]. Originally as sex-decim lamellata, correction mandatory. Also appeared as new in Eydoux & Gervais, v. 5,1839:77, Pl. 31 [ref. 17472]. On Official Index (Opinion 1033); suppressed for purposes of priority but not homonymy. •Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839) -- (Lachner 1973:639 [ref. 7221], Dor 1984:122 [ref. 29757], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1332 [ref. 13677], Paxton et al. 1989:572 [ref. 12442], Lachner & Post 1990:727 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:33 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

sphyraenarum, Echeneis Poey [F.] 1860:255 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies 1791) -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:726 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:19 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies 1791). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

squalipeta, Echeneis Daldorff [D. C. de] 1793:157 [Skrivter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet Kiøbenhavn v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 17359] Atlantic, between the Tropics. No types known. Spelled Echineis squalipeta on p. 159. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Lachner 1973:638 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:726 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:27 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

tetrapturorum, Echeneis Poey [F.] 1860:256 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes and/or Poey specimens: MCZ 8652 (2, now 1), 21805 (1), 27228-29 (1, 1); USNM [ex MCZ 8652] 153581 (1); ZMB 5951 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:216 [ref. 22926] with a holotype and paratypes. •Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829) -- (Lachner 1973:639 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:728 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:36 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:569 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier 1829). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

triainurus, Echeneis Webster [W. D.] 1830:26 [The South African Quarterly Journal No. 1; ref. 41181] [Eastern Atlantic Ocean], at 3°N (off Liberia). No types known. •Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies 1791) -- (R. Fricke, pers. comm, June 2024). Current status: Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies 1791). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

tropica, Echeneis Euphrasen [B. A.] 1791:317 [Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, Stockholm v. 12 (for 1791); ref. 17468] Western tropical Ocean. No types known. •Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies 1791) -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Lachner & Post 1990:726 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:19 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies 1791). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

verticalis, Echeneis Poey [F.] 1860:253 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 8709 (1) Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:216 [ref. 22926] with MCZ 8709 as a paratype. •Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

veterum, Echeneis Costa [O. G.] 1840:Echeneis p. 3, Pl. 25 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] [Napoli] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Published Feb. 1840. •Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2021:570 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

virgata, Echeneis Guichenot [A.] in Duméril 1858:377 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No locality stated. No types known. Not available, appearing without distinguishing characters, in synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

vittata, Echeneis Lowe [R. T.] 1839:89 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Off Madeira. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Apparently intended as new. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Echeneis vittata Rüppell 1835. •In the synonymy of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti 2021:567 [ref. 38651]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

vittata, Echeneis Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:82 [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 1424. Paralectotypes: SMF 2713 (1, dry), 2731 (1, dry), 15862-63 (2), 17524 (1, skeleton). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:121 [ref. 29757]. •Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Dor 1984:121 [ref. 29757], Lachner & Post 1990:725 [ref. 18541], Lindberg et al. 1997:21 [ref. 23547], Parenti 2021:568 [ref. 38651]). Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.