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Species in the family or subfamily Ginglymostomatidae: [ 22 ] records

argus, Squalus Bancroft [E. N.] 1830:82 [Zoological Journal, London v. 5 (art. 18) (for July 1829); ref. 15972] Jamaica. Holotype (unique): Whereabouts unknown [ex Zool. Soc.]. Apparently not available; no distinguishing features were presented by Bancroft, but they were by Bennett in an accompanying article [ref. 20813] beginning, "The shark, numbered 4, ..." However, Bennett did not treat the species as valid. •In the synonymy Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Compagno 1984:205 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:192 [ref. 26323]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788). Ginglymostomatidae.

brevicaudatum, Ginglymostoma Günther [A.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:141, Pl. 21 [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.3.9.423 (stuffed). •Valid as Ginglymostoma brevicaudatum Günther 1867 -- (Compagno 1984:204 [ref. 6474], Bass 1986:65 [ref. 5635], Gubanov & Timoxin 1989:220 [ref. 36138], Fricke 1999:13 [ref. 24106]). •Valid as Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum (Günther 1867) -- (Compagno 1999:477 [ref. 25589], Goto 2001:84 [ref. 25912], Compagno 2001:200 [ref. 26323], Allen & Erdmann 2012:51 [ref. 31980], Weigmann 2016:7 [ref. 34211], Fricke et al. 2018:8 [ref. 35805], Bennett et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38070], Human 2022:461 [ref. 39664]). Current status: Valid as Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum (Günther 1867). Ginglymostomatidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa (Kenya south to Mozambique), east to Seychelles and Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

caboverdianus, Ginglymostoma de Brito Capello [F.] 1867:167 [Jornal do Sciências Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 14041] [Ilha de S. Thiago de Cabo Verde] Santiago Island, Cape Verde Islands, eastern Atlantic. Syntypes: (3). •Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Springer 1973:18 [ref. 7162], Compagno 1984:205 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:192 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

cirratus, Squalus Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Broussonet) 1788:7 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Jamaica, Caribbean Sea, western Atlantic. Syntype: MNHN A-7654 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1969:127 [ref. 20807]. Based on 'Le Barbillon' of Broussonet 1784:656 [ref. 20282]. •Valid as Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Herrera 1896:8 [ref. 39336] as cirrhatum, Springer 1973:18 [ref. 7162], Uyeno & Sasaki in Uyeno et al. 1983:47 [ref. 14275], Quéro in Whitehead et al. 1984:93 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:205 [ref. 6474], Robins & Ray 1986:21 [ref. 23100], Springer 1990:79 [ref. 19315], Boschung 1992:19 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:182 [ref. 23827], Allen & Robertson 1994:19 [ref. 22193], Compagno et al. in Fischer et al. 1995:691 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:32 [ref. 24545], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:45 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:45 [ref. 24221], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:35 [ref. 24555], Cervigón & Alcalá 1999:27 [ref. 24490], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:42 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:109 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:68 [ref. 25466], Compagno 1999:477 [ref. 25589], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:146 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1643 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:989 [ref. 25909], Goto 2001:83 [ref. 25912], Compagno 2001:192 [ref. 26323], Soto 2001:63, 67 [ref. 26637], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Compagno 2003:440 [ref. 26984], Gadig & Gomes in Menezes et al. 2003:21 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:5 [ref. 27621] with date as 1878, Espinosa Pérez et al. 2004:24 [ref. 27705], Nelson et al. 2004:51 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:4 [ref. 37547], Wirtz et al. 2007:23 [ref. 30263], Castro 2011:184 [ref. 31457], Allen & Erdmann 2012:51 [ref. 31980], Naylor et al. 2012:54 [ref. 32267] see remarks, Page et al. 2013:49 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:114 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:19 [ref. 33341], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2015:48 [ref. 33729], Pinheiro et al. 2015:2 [ref. 34324], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:70 [ref. 34398], Weigmann 2016:7 [ref. 34211], Compagno 2016:1251 [ref. 34544], Ehemann et al. 2018:20 [ref. 36194], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:53 [ref. 37302], Ehemann et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36861], Reiner 2019:26 [ref. 38139], Robertson et al. 2020:154 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:73 [ref. 38844], Bañón & Mano 2022:7 [ref. 40121], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:74 [ref. 39585], Blanco-Parra & Niño-Torres 2022:Correction, p. 3 [ref. 38986], Fermon et al. 2022:91 [ref. 39448], Bagley et al. 2023:311 [ref. 41241], Carvalho-Filho 2023:296 [ref. 40480], Castillo Domínguez et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40663], Page et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:60 [ref. 41622], Gadig et al. 2024:17 [ref. 40775], Silva et al. 2024:4 [ref. 41512]). Current status: Valid as Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Rhode Island (U.S.A.) south to Paraná (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and Fernando de Noronha (Brazil); eastern Atlantic: France south to Gabon, including Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé and Principe. IUCN (2021): Vulnerable. Habitat: marine.

cirrhatus, Squalus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:128 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Western America and Pacific. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Squalus cirratus Bonnaterre 1788. •In the synonymy of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788). Ginglymostomatidae.

cirrhosum, Scyllium Griffith [E.] & Smith [C. H.] 1834:opp. p. 600, Pl. 30 [The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier; ref. 1908] Not an independent species description, but an unjustified emendation and different genus allocation of Squalus cirratus Bonnaterre 1788 (see Müller & Henle 1838:23 [ref. 3069]).cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788) Ginglymostomatidae. •In the synonymy of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788). Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

cirrhosus, Anodon Billberg [G. J.] 1833:51 [Linnéska Samfundets Handlingar v. 1 (for 1832); ref. 34146] Red Sea. No types known. Unnecessary replacement name for the "Kilmal Forsk." [sic, should read Squalus kumal Forsskål 1775]; see Kullander 2016:113 [ref. 34147]. Not used as valid after 1899; therefore reversal of priority in favor of Scyllium ferrugineum Lesson 1831 is followed (ICZN Art. 23.9). •Questionably a synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) -- (Kullander 2016:113 [ref. 34147]). Replacement Name. Current status: Uncertain as Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

concolor, Nebrius Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1837:62, Pl. 17 (fig. 2) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 3583 (stuffed). Type catalog and lectotype designation: Klausewitz 1960:289 [ref. 21330]. •Valid as Nebrius concolor Rüppell 1837 -- (Dor 1984:3 [ref. 29757], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:8 [ref. 6441], Bass 1986:65 [ref. 5635], Gubanov & Timoxin 1989:220 [ref. 36138], Paxton et al. 1989:90 [ref. 12442], Goren & Dor 1994:2 [ref. 25356], Nakabo 2000:121 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:121 [ref. 26001]). •Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) -- (Compagno 1984:207 [ref. 6474], Compagno & Niem 1998:1253 [ref. 23787], Last & Stevens 1994:141 [ref. 23873], Randall 1995:00 [ref. 22896], Myers 1999:32 [ref. 23965], Goto 2001:84 [ref. 25912], Compagno 2001:196 [ref. 26323], Randall 2005:8 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:128 [ref. 28997], Last el al. 2010:56 [ref. 32461], Human 2022:460 [ref. 39664]). Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

doldi, Nebrius Smith [J. L. B.] 1953:512, Fig. 30a [The sea fishes of southern Africa. Revised enlarged edition; ref. 19760] South of Beira, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): not saved. Species described from photographs of a single specimen approximately 9 feet long, apparently not saved. •Synonym of Nebrius concolor Rüppell 1837 -- (Bass 1986:65 [ref. 5635]). •Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) -- (Compagno 1984:207 [ref. 6474], Compagno 1998:1260 [ref. 23785], Compagno 2001:197 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

ferrugineum, Scyllium Lesson [R. P.] 1831:95 [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Port Praslin, New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago; Offack Bay, Waigeo, Indonesia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Squalus kumal Forsskål 1775, Squalus kamul Bloch & Schneider 1801 and Anodon cirrhosus Billberg 1833 are apparently seniors synonym (see Fricke 2008:8 [ref. 30182]; Kullander 2016:113 [ref. 34147]), but Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) is in prevailing usage and therefore here used as the valid name for the species. •Valid as Ginglymostoma ferrugineum (Lesson 1831) -- (Dor 1984:3 [ref. 29757], Gubanov & Timoxin 1989:220 [ref. 36138]). •Valid as Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) -- (Compagno 1984:207 [ref. 6474], Allen & Swainston 1988:20 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:4 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:15 [ref. 15987], Last & Stevens 1994:140 [ref. 23873], Goren & Dor 1994:1 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:19 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:40 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:15 [ref. 25919], Compagno 1998:1260 [ref. 23785], Myers 1999:32 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:14 [ref. 24106], Compagno 1999:477 [ref. 25589], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:578 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:86 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:14 [ref. 25847], Goto 2001:84 [ref. 25912], Compagno 2001:196 [ref. 26323], Allen & Adrim 2003:21 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S91 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:609 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:5 [ref. 27624] as Lesson 1830, Bonfil & Abdallah 2004:21 [ref. 27735] as Lesson 1830, Randall 2005:8 [ref. 28239], Compagno et al. 2005:22 [ref. 29145], Hoese & Gates 2006:128 [ref. 28997], Fricke et al. 2009:11 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:9 [ref. 30426], Last el al. 2010:36 [ref. 32461], Fricke et al. 2011:344 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:51 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:14 [ref. 32988], Ebert et al. 2013:305 [ref. 33045], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:4 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:77 [ref. 34104], Weigmann 2016:7 [ref. 34211], White et al. 2018:78 [ref. 35860], Fricke et al. 2018:8 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:8 [ref. 36273], Kumar et al. 2018:295 [ref. 36178], Tyabji et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36598], White & Ko'ou 2018:22 [ref. 35922], Eagderi et al. 2019:13 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:37 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:58 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:167 [ref. 37272], Ebert et al. 2021:37 [ref. 38234], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:9 [ref. 41223], Human 2022:460 [ref. 39664], Hsu et al. 2022:3 [ref. 39567], Moazzam & Osmany 2022:213 [ref. 40666], Allen & Erdmann 2024:53 [ref. 40796]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), Mozambique, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Society Islands and Marquesas, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

fulvum, Ginglymostoma Poey [F.] 1861:342, Pl. 19 (figs. 15-16) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes: ?ZMB 5508 (1). Type catalog: Paepke & Schmidt 1988:162 [ref. 21041]. •Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Compagno 1984:205 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:192 [ref. 26323], Castro 2011:184 [ref. 31457]). Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

gata, Squalus (Ginglymostoma) Smith [A.] 1838:85 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (pt. 5) for 12 Sept. 1839 (no. 57); ref. 4034] Name only, not available; from the Cape of South Africa. Appeared as "4. Ginglymostoma, Müller & Henle, (one species) Squalus gata, Garra." Nomen Nudum. Ginglymostomatidae.

kamul, Squalus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Fabricius, Forsskål) 1801:138 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Red Sea. No types known. Unneeded new name for (or emendation of) and objective synonym of Squalus kumal Fabricius 1775. •Questionably a synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) -- (Fricke 2008:8 [ref. 30182]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Uncertain as Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

kumal, Squalus Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:x [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Red Sea. No types known. See Squalus kamul Bloch & Schneider 1801. The name Kumal appeared as name only in a footnote in Müller 1836:75 [ref. 3060] and attributed to Forsskål. Not used as valid after 1899; therefore reversal of priority in favor of Scyllium ferrugineum Lesson 1831 is followed (Art. 23.9). Authorship according to Fricke 2008:8 [ref. 30182]. •Questionably a synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) -- (Fricke 2008:8 [ref. 30182]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Uncertain as Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831). Ginglymostomatidae.

macrurus, Nebrodes Garman [S.] 1913:58, Pl. 8 (figs. 7-10) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Port Louis Harbor, Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MCZ 820-S. Type catalog: Hartel & Dingerkus 1997:xxxvi-xxxviii [ref. 23119]. •Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) -- (Compagno 1984:207 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:196 [ref. 26323], Human 2022:460 [ref. 39664]). Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

muelleri, Ginglymostoma Günther [A.] 1870:408 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] India. Originally as mülleri. Based on Ginglymostoma concolor of Müller & Henle 1838:22 [ref. 3069], not Nebris concolor Rüppell 1837. •Synonym of Ginglymostoma ferrugineum (Lesson 1831) -- (Dor 1984:3 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) -- (Compagno 1984:207 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:196 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

ogilbyi, Nebrodes concolor Whitley [G. P.] 1934:183, 198, Fig. 1 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 10 (pt 4); ref. 4949] Erub [= Darnley] Island, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.1216. •Synonym of Nebrius concolor Rüppell 1837 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:90 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) -- (Compagno 1984:207 [ref. 6474], Last & Stevens 1994:141 [ref. 23873], Compagno 2001:197 [ref. 26323], Hoese & Gates 2006:128 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

porosus, Scymnus Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Klunzinger 1871:670 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Red Sea. Type catalog: Paepke & Schmidt 1988:162 [ref. 21041] dated to 1899. Regarded as not available; appeared as manuscript name in synonymy as above, then in the synonymy of Ginglymostoma mülleri in Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1899:8, Pl. 6 (fig. 3 + a-d) [ref. 4977]. Subsequent publication in an available way not researched (but would then date to 1871). •In the synonymy of Ginglymostoma ferrugineum (Lesson 1831) -- (Dor 1984:3 [ref. 29757]). •In the synonymy of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) -- (Compagno 1984:207 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:196 [ref. 26323]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831). Ginglymostomatidae.

punctatus, Squalus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:134 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] American seas [Cuba]. No types known. •Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Compagno 1984:205 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:192 [ref. 26323], Castro 2011:184 [ref. 31457]). Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

punctulatus, Squalus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:119, 120, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Cayenne, French Guiana. No types known. Also appeared in Sonnini 1802:327 [ref. 30461] with author as Lacepède. •Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Compagno 1984:205 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:192 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

rueppellii, Ginglymostoma Bleeker [P.] 1852:83 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 16832] Singapore. Holotype (unique): RMNH 7400. Originally as Rüppellii, corrected to rueppellii Kullander 2016:95 [ref. 34436]. Also appeared in Bleeker 1852:91 [ref. 333], earliest not established. •Synonym of Nebrius concolor Rüppell 1837 -- (Dor 1984:4 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) -- (Compagno 1984:207 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:196 [ref. 26323] as rueppelli, Last el al. 2010:56 [ref. 32461]). Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine.

unami, Ginglymostoma Del Moral-Flores [L. F.], Ramírez-Antonio [E.], Angulo [A.] & Pérez-Ponce de León [G.] 2015:49, Figs. 1-5 [Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad v. 86; ref. 33728] Punta Salchii, Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico, 15°40'N, 96°21'W. Holotype: CNPE-IBUNAM 18850. Paratypes: CNPE-IBUNAM, CPFES, UCR. Plus non-type specimens. Type catalog: Angulo et al. 2015:375 [ref. 35212]. •Valid as Ginglymostoma unami Del Moral-Flores, Ramírez-Antonio, Angulo & Pérez-Ponce de León 2015 -- (Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:71 [ref. 34398], Weigmann 2016:7 [ref. 34211], Ehemann et al. 2018:20 [ref. 36194], Calle-Morán et al. 2020:241 [ref. 37881], González-Acosta et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38361], Love et al. 2021:13 [ref. 39279], Carvalho-Filho 2023:296 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40981], Fricke et al. 2024:61 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Ginglymostoma unami Del Moral-Flores, Ramírez-Antonio, Angulo & Pérez-Ponce de León 2015. Ginglymostomatidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.