Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Grammistidae: [ 64 ] records

allfreei, Aporops Smith [J. L. B.] 1953:553, Fig. 2 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 6 (no. 67) (art. 50); ref. 4086] Kisiti Island, Kenya, 4°43'S, 39°23'E, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 128. Paratypes: (1) not researched. •Valid as Aporops allfreei Smith 1953 -- (Smith 1986:541 [ref. 5712], Winterbottom et al. 1989:23 [ref. 13251]). •Synonym of Aporops bilinearis Schultz 1943 -- (Randall & Baldwin 1997:10 [ref. 22812], Parenti & Randall 2020:95 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:83 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Aporops bilinearis Schultz 1943. Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

arenatus, Rypticus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:65, Pl. 46 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] Brazil. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:44 [ref. 19232]. •Synonym of Rypticus bistrispinus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Courtenay 1967:263 [ref. 7882], Parenti & Randall 2020:100 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Rypticus bistrispinus (Mitchill 1818). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

astigmum, Pseudogramma Randall [J. E.] & Baldwin [C. C.] 1997:14, Pl. 1 (fig. B) [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 26; ref. 22812] Cave in reef at drop-off, western side of Keroy (Rigili) Islet, Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, depth 10-12 meters. Holotype: BPBM 18387. Paratypes: AMS I.37618-001 (2); BMNH 1996.6.27.2 (1); BPBM 9506 (1), 24128 (1), 32466 (1); CAS 33131 (1); ROM 56691 (3), 56692-94 (1, 1, 2); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 35159 (1), 35170 (1), 46036 (1); USNM 223566 (1), 242123 (1), 259005-06 (1, 1), 259063-64 (1, 1), 342818 (1). The specific epithet is used as an adjective (in relation to the once thought neuter gender of the genus Pseudogramma); in combination with a feminine genus the adjective should be astigma. •Valid as Pseudogramma astigmum Randall & Baldwin 1997 -- (Randall & Kunzmann 1998:480 [ref. 23919], Myers 1999:118 [ref. 23965], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2473 [ref. 24815], Rojas M. & Pequeño 2001:161 [ref. 25813], Allen & Adrim 2003:32 [ref. 26830], Randall 2005:170 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1028 [ref. 28999], Allen & Erdmann 2012:309 [ref. 31980], Heemstra 2022:83 [ref. 39742]). •Valid as Pseudogramma astigma Randall & Baldwin 1997 -- (Fricke et al. 2011:387 [ref. 31242], Prokofiev 2019:425 [ref. 36810], Parenti & Randall 2020:97 [ref. 37354], Allen & Erdmann 2024:324 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma astigma Randall & Baldwin 1997. Grammistidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Comoros; Papua New Guinea to Marshall Islands and American Samoa. Habitat: marine.

australis, Pseudogramma Randall [J. E.] & Baldwin [C. C.] 1997:19 [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 26; ref. 22812] Easter Island, offshore from Ahu Akapu, rocky substratum, 21.5 m depth. Holotype: BPBM 6623 [not BPBM 13531]. Paratypes: AMS I.37619-001 (1), BMNH 1996.6.27.1 (1); BPBM 13531 (1), 13974 (2), 16444 (1), 16893 (1), 37393 (4); CAS 13531 (1), 87907 (1); SAIAB 41659 (1); USNM 327795 (3), 303170 (2). The authors listed BPBM 6623 as holotype of the species australis, and then (p. 23) treated that specimen as the type of P. australis pasquensis rather than the nominate subspecies P. australis australis; they selected another specimen (BPBM 13531) as the type of P. australis australis. According to ICZN Art. 61.2.1, the fixation for the taxon at higher rank takes precedence [i.e. BPBM 6623]. P. australis was restricted by Randall et al. 2002 [ref. 26441] to Easter Island populations; some paratypes now belong to P. xantha. •Valid as Pseudogramma australis australis Randall & Baldwin 1997 -- (Heemstra & Randall 1999:2473 [ref. 24815]). •Valid as Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997 -- (Randall 1999:12 [ref. 25829], Prokofiev 2019:425 [ref. 36810], Parenti & Randall 2020:97 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997. Grammistidae. Distribution: South Pacific: Easter Island. Habitat: marine.

axelrodi, Pseudogramma Allen [G. R.] & Robertson [D. R.] 1995:73, Fig. 1 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 44 (no. 1); ref. 21665] Clipperton Island, about 10°18'N, 109°13'W, depth 15-30 meters. Holotype: WAM P.30995-001. Paratypes: USNM 337446 (10), WAM P.30995-002 (5). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:22 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Pseudogramma axelrodi Allen & Robertson 1995 -- (Allen & Robertson 1997:824 [ref. 41086], Randall & Baldwin 1997:23 [ref. 22812], Rojas M. & Pequeño 2001:161 [ref. 25813], Prokofiev 2019:427 [ref. 36810], Parenti & Randall 2020:98 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma axelrodi Allen & Robertson 1995. Grammistidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Clipperton Island (France) endemic. Habitat: marine.

bermudensis, Rhegma Kanazawa [R. H.] 1952:82, Fig. 11 [Fieldiana Zoology v. 34 (no. 7); ref. 12780] South side beaches, Bermuda [washed ashore]. Holotype: FMNH 48924. Paratypes: FMNH 49128 (1), 105535 [ex FMNH 48924] (3); USNM 157365 [ex FMNH 48924] (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:75 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Pseudogramma bermudensis (Kanazawa 1952) -- (Cervigón 1991:380 [ref. 24472]). •Synonym of Pseudogramma gregoryi (Breder 1927) -- (Randall & Baldwin 1997:28 [ref. 22812], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:217 [ref. 25013], Heemstra et al. 2003:1327 [ref. 27060], Wirtz et al. 2007:10 [ref. 30263], Heemstra & Anderson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2402 [ref. 34618], Parenti & Randall 2020:98 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudogramma gregoryi (Breder 1927). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

bicolor, Rypticus Valenciennes [A.] 1846:no p., Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate "la Vénus"; ref. 6165] Galápagos Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7846 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:22 [ref. 19232]. Dates to publication in plate; corresponding text published as Valenciennes 1855:307 [ref. 4504] with genus as Smecticus. •Valid as Rypticus bicolor Valenciennes 1846 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:118 [ref. 22193], Heemstra in Fischer et al. 1995:1577 [ref. 22830], Allen & Robertson 1997:824 [ref. 41086], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:329 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:273 [ref. 24555], Guimarães 1999:357 [ref. 24429], Thomson et al. 2000:99 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:129 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:112 [ref. 37547], Béarez & Séret 2009:147 [ref. 36646], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:191 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:133 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:461 [ref. 34668] with question, Parenti & Randall 2020:100 [ref. 37354], Love et al. 2021:147 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:21 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:197 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Rypticus bicolor Valenciennes 1846. Grammistidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

bilinearis, Aporops Schultz [L. P.] 1943:112, Fig. 9 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 180; ref. 3957] Reef at Hull Island, Phoenix Islands [Kiribati Islands], western Pacific Ocean. Holotype: USNM 115336. Paratypes: MCZ 37301 [ex USNM 115340] (1); USNM 115335 (1), 115337-39 (1, 1, 3), 115340 (orig. 8, now 7). •Valid as Aporops bilinearis Schultz 1943 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:140 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:523 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:123 [ref. 15987], Randall & Baldwin 1997:10 [ref. 22812], Randall et al. 1997:123 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:118 [ref. 23965], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2473 [ref. 24815], Nakabo 2000:731 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:609 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:11 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:731 [ref. 26001], Myers & Donaldson 2003:622 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:70 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:11 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:170 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:349 [ref. 28379], Hoese et al. 2006:1027 [ref. 28999], Randall 2007:198 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2011:383 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:309 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:58 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988], Fricke et al. 2018:144 [ref. 35805], Parenti & Randall 2020:95 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:49 [ref. 38701], Heemstra 2022:83 [ref. 39742], Allen & Erdmann 2024:323 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Aporops bilinearis Schultz 1943. Grammistidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Aliwal Shoal and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros and Madagascar east to Johnston Atoll, Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), northern Line Islands (Kiribati) and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

bistrispineus, Rhypticus Boulenger [G. A.] 1895:350 (also 347) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum 2nd edition v. 1; ref. 537] Unjustified emendation of Bodianus bistrispinus Mitchill 1818. •Synonym of Rypticus bistrispinus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:100 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Rypticus bistrispinus (Mitchill 1818). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

bistrispinus, Bodianus Mitchill [S. L.] 1818:247 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 4) (art. 1); ref. 17774] Straits of Bahamas, Atlantic. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Originally as bis-trispinus, correction mandatory. •Valid as Rypticus bistrispinus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Courtenay 1967:263 [ref. 7882], Robins & Ray 1986:146 [ref. 23100], Bullock & Smith 1991:156 [ref. 36591], Cervigón 1991:377 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:110 [ref. 23239], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221] as bitrispinus, Guimarães 1999:344 [ref. 24429], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:218 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:157 [ref. 27754], Heemstra et al. 2003:1327 [ref. 27060], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27192] as bistrispinnus, Smith et al. 2003:24 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:129 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:176 [ref. 28815], Baldwin & Weigt 2012:34 [ref. 31864], Page et al. 2013:133 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:172 [ref. 32953], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:42 [ref. 33341], Parenti & Randall 2020:100 [ref. 37354], Robertson et al. 2020:162 [ref. 38098], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:532 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:123 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:197 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Rypticus bistrispinus (Mitchill 1818). Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bahamas and southern Florida (U.S.A.) south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Caribbean Sea and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Brazil). Habitat: marine.

bornoi, Rypticus Beebe [W.] & Tee-Van [J.] 1928:132, Fig. [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 15836] Lamentin Reef, Port-au-Prince Bay, Haiti, West Indies. Holotype: USNM 170572 [ex NYZS 7206]. Type catalog: Mead 1958:134 [ref. 20648]. •Valid as Rypticus bornoi Beebe & Tee-Van 1928 -- (Courtenay 1967:268 [ref. 7882], Guimarães 1999:348 [ref. 24429], Heemstra et al. 2003:1327 [ref. 27060], Smith et al. 2003:24 [ref. 27621], Baldwin & Weigt 2012:34 [ref. 31864], Parenti & Randall 2020:100 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Valid as Rypticus bornoi Beebe & Tee-Van 1928. Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Haiti. Habitat: marine.

brachyrhinus, Rypticus Courtenay [W. R., Jr.] 1967:278, Figs. 3B, 15, [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 119 (no. 6); ref. 7882] Mindi Cut, Canal Zone, Panama. Holotype: USNM 80234. Paratypes: ?MCZ 36030 [ex USNM 120167] (1); UF 212571 [ex UMML 12571] (4); USNM 43278 (1), 44468 (1), 44716 (1), 106625 (6). Based on Rypticus saponaceus of Meek & Hildebrand 1925:480 [ref. 13609] and on specimens. Heemstra et al. 2003:1327 [ref. 27060] serve as first revisers selecting randalli over bracchyrhinus. •Synonym of Rypticus randalli Courtenay 1967 -- (Heemstra et al. 2003:1327 [ref. 27060], Parenti & Randall 2020:101 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Rypticus randalli Courtenay 1967. Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

brederi, Rhegma Hildebrand [S. F.] in Longley & Hildebrand 1940:244, Fig. 11 [Papers Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington v. 32; ref. 2822] Western Indian Ocean. Incorrect: Exact locality unknown, evidently from a bird rookery, Tortugas, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 108865. •Synonym of Pseudogramma polyacanthum (Bleeker 1856) -- (Randall & Baldwin 1997:39 [ref. 22812]). •Synonym of Pseudogramma polyacantha (Bleeker 1856). •Valid as Pseudogramma brederi (Hildebrand 1940) -- (Williams & Viviani 2016:253 [ref. 34442], Parenti & Randall 2020:98 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma brederi (Hildebrand 1940). Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Agalega Islands, Mauritius and Reunion; western Pacific: Taiwan, Ogasawara Islands, Hawaii, Johnston Island, Marquesas Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago, Rapa, Tonga, Royalty Islands, Vanuatu. Habitat: marine.

canis, Tulelepis Smith [J. L. B.] 1954:869, Pl. 27 (fig. A) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 7 (no. 83) (art. 106); ref. 4094] Pemba Island, 5°S, 39°40'E, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 145. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] (1) not researched. •Synonym of Grammistops ocellatus Schultz 1953 -- (Randall 1986:538 [ref. 5706], Parenti & Randall 2020:96 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Grammistops ocellatus Schultz 1953. Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

carpenteri, Rypticus Baldwin [C. C.] & Weigt [L. A.] 2012:24, Figs. 2-5 [Copeia 2012 (no. 2); ref. 31864] Netherland Antilles, Saba Bank, 17°34'54"N, 63°24'24"W, depth 27-30 meters. Holotype: USNM 387946. Paratypes: many at UF, USNM. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Rypticus carpenteri Baldwin & Weigt 2012 -- (Page et al. 2013:133 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:172 [ref. 32953], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:42 [ref. 33341], Parenti & Randall 2020:100 [ref. 37354], Page et al. 2023:197 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Rypticus carpenteri Baldwin & Weigt 2012. Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

cernunnos, Pseudogramma Prokofiev [A. M.] 2019:425, Fig. 1 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 59 (no. 3); ref. 36810] Bay of Bengal, 6°40'04"N, 93°52'06"E, depth 52 meters. Holotype (unique): IOM 3582. •Valid as Pseudogramma cernunnos Prokofiev 2019 -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:98 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:56 [ref. 38701]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma cernunnos Prokofiev 2019. Grammistidae. Distribution: Northeastern Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal. Habitat: marine.

coccinea, Suttonia Endo [H.] & Kenmotsu [K.] 2013:12, Figs. 1-5 [Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science (Ser. A) Supplement No. 7; ref. 32578] Kuboura, Okinoshima Island, Sukumo City, Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku Island, Japan, 32°44'44"N, 132°33'32"E, depth 16 meters. Holotype (unique): NSMT-P 110917 [ex. NSKU 103900]. •Valid as Suttonia coccinea Endo & Kenmotsu 2013 -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:102 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Valid as Suttonia coccinea Endo & Kenmotsu 2013. Grammistidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Okinoshima Island, Japan. Habitat: marine.

coriaceus, Eleutheractis Cope [E. D.] 1871:467, Fig. 3 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 14 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 920] St. Martin Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): ANSP 13445. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:154 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Rypticus saponaceus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Courtenay 1967:249 [ref. 7882], Parenti & Randall 2020:101 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Rypticus saponaceus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

courtenayi, Rypticus McCarthy [L. V.] 1979:396, Figs. 1b, 4, 5 [Copeia 1979 (no. 3); ref. 8806] Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo [Revillagigedo] Islands, off western Mexico. Holotype: SIO 72-67. Paratypes: ANSP 136546 [ex SIO 58-143] (3); CAS 2002 (1); LACM 31778-13 (12), 31780-18 (12), 31781-8 (4), 31782-13 (1), 31783-16 (2), 32097-19 (11); SIO 58-142 (1), 72-66 (7), 72-67 (26); USNM 218386 [ex SIO 72-66] (7). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:112 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Rypticus courtenayi McCarthy 1979 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:118 [ref. 22193], Heemstra in Fischer et al. 1995:1577 [ref. 22830], Guimarães 1999:358 [ref. 24429], Thomson et al. 2000:99 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:129 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:133 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:444 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:608 [ref. 34923], Parenti & Randall 2020:101 [ref. 37354], Page et al. 2023:197 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Rypticus courtenayi McCarthy 1979. Grammistidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: marine.

decimalis, Grammistes Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:183 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

decoratus, Promicropterus Gill [T. N.] 1863:164 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1681] Panama (Pacific). Holotype (unique): USNM 30961. Type catalog: Smith 2018:74 [ref. 36061]. •Synonym of Rypticus nigripinnis Gill 1861 -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:101 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Rypticus nigripinnis Gill 1861. Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

diagramma, Pseudorhegma Schultz [L. P.] 1966:193, Fig. (p. 193) [Ichthyologica, the Aquarium Journal v. 37 (no. 4); ref. 3973] Hawaii Islands, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 160672. •Synonym of Pseudogramma polyacanthum (Bleeker 1856) -- (Randall & Baldwin 1997:39 [ref. 22812]). •Synonym of Pseudogramma brederi (Hildebrand 1940) -- (Williams & Viviani 2016:253 [ref. 34442], Parenti & Randall 2020:98 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudogramma brederi (Hildebrand 1940). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

erythreum, Pseudogramma Randall [J. E.] & Baldwin [C. C.] 1997:25, Pl. 1 (fig. D) [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 26; ref. 22812] Northern side, Caban Island [off southwestern Luzon, Batangas], Philippines, 13°39'N 120°50'E. Holotype (unique): BPBM 22233. The specific epithet is used as an adjective (in relation to the once thought neuter gender of the genus Pseudogramma); in combination with a feminine genus, the adjective should be erythrea. •Valid as Pseudogramma erythreum Randall & Baldwin 1997 -- (Heemstra & Randall 1999:2473 [ref. 24815], Rojas M. & Pequeño 2001:161 [ref. 25813], Allen & Erdmann 2012:310 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:65 [ref. 33932], Allen & Erdmann 2024:324 [ref. 40796]). •Valid as Pseudogramma erythrea Randall & Baldwin 1997 -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:98 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma erythrea Randall & Baldwin 1997. Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines to Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

galzini, Pseudogramma Williams [J. T.] & Viviani [J.] 2016:256, Fig. 8 [Zootaxa 4111 (no. 3); ref. 34442] Kouaku Island, on SE side of archipelago, small surge channel in outer reef, Gambier Archipelago, depth 15-20 meters. Holotype: USNM 402553. Paratypes: USNM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Pseudogramma galzini Williams & Viviani 2016 -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:98 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma galzini Williams & Viviani 2016. Grammistidae. Distribution: South Pacific: Gambier, Rapa and Austral Islands. Habitat: marine.

gladifer, Jeboehlkia Robins [C. R.] 1967:593, Fig. 2 [Copeia 1967 (no. 3); ref. 3786] Caribbean Sea, 16°06'N, 81°10.5'W, Oregon station 4932, depth 90 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 201422. •Valid as Jeboehlkia gladifer Robins 1967 -- (Baldwin & Johnson 1991;535 [ref. 16639] with uncertain family placement, Claro et al. 2000:22 [ref. 26458], Heemstra et al. 2003:1326 [ref. 27060], Parenti & Randall 2020:96 [ref. 37354] in Grammistini, Page et al. 2023:196 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Jeboehlkia gladifer Robins 1967. Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

grammistes, Perca Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:335 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated. No types known. •Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792) -- (Parenti 2003:498 [ref. 27322], Parenti & Randall 2020:95 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

gregoryi, Caribrhegma Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1927:44, Fig. 22 [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 635] Glovers Reef, Belize. Holotype: YPM 476. Paratypes: USNM 117797 (1), YPM 221 (orig. 2, now 1). Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:25 [ref. 16741]. •Valid as Pseudogramma gregoryi (Breder 1927) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:146 [ref. 23100], Randall & Baldwin 1997:28 [ref. 22812], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:217 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:157 [ref. 27754], Rojas M. & Pequeño 2001:161 [ref. 25813], Collette et al. 2003:107 [ref. 26784], Heemstra et al. 2003:1327 [ref. 27060], Smith et al. 2003:24 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:129 [ref. 27807], Wirtz et al. 2007:10 [ref. 30263], Page et al. 2013:133 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:42 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:6 [ref. 33516], Pinheiro et al. 2015:15 [ref. 34324], Heemstra & Anderson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2402 [ref. 34618], Prokofiev 2019:425 [ref. 36810], Parenti & Randall 2020:98 [ref. 37354], Pimentel et al. 2020:6 [ref. 38051], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:531 [ref. 38945], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:79 [ref. 38844], Carvalho-Filho 2023:123 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:197 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma gregoryi (Breder 1927). Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda south to Ceará (Brazil), including Fernando de Noronho Archipelago (Brazil); southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island. Habitat: marine.

guineensis, Rhegma Norman [J. R.] 1935:10, Fig. 2 [Discovery Reports v. 12; ref. 13911] Off Annobón Island, Equatorial Guinea, Gulf of Guinea. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1935.5.11.50. •Valid as Pseudogramma guineensis (Norman 1935) -- (Randall & Baldwin 1997:31 [ref. 22812], Rojas M. & Pequeño 2001:161 [ref. 25813], Wirtz et al. 2007:10, 30 [ref. 30263], Wirtz et al. 2013:122 [ref. 32972], Heemstra & Anderson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2403 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:174 [ref. 38139], Parenti & Randall 2020:98 [ref. 37354], Fermon et al. 2022:288 [ref. 39448] possible). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma guineensis (Norman 1935). Grammistidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde Islands, Annobón Island (Equatorial Guinea), and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

hawaiiensis, Pseudogramma polyacanthum Randall [J. E.] & Baldwin [C. C.] 1997:42 [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 26; ref. 22812] Ke'ei, Hawaii Islands. Holotype: BPBM 28742. Pseudogramma is feminine, so name should be polyacantha. •Synonym of Pseudogramma polyacantha (Bleeker 1856), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Mundy 2005:350 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Pseudogramma brederi (Hildebrand 1940) -- (Williams & Viviani 2016:253 [ref. 34442], Parenti & Randall 2020:98 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudogramma brederi (Hildebrand 1940). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

japonicus, Aporops Kamohara [T.] 1957:21, Fig. 14 [Reports of the Usa Marine Biological Station v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 12148] Wan, Amami, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype (unique): BSKU 5425. Type catalog: Kamohara 1961:3 [ref. 19282]. •Valid as Aporops japonicus Kamohara 1957 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:140 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Aporops bilinearis Schultz 1943 -- (Randall & Baldwin 1997:10 [ref. 22812], Parenti & Randall 2020:95 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Aporops bilinearis Schultz 1943. Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

lineata, Suttonia Gosline [W. A.] 1960:28, Fig. 1 [Pacific Science v. 14; ref. 11916] Off Waianae coast, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands, depth 10-12 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 177950. Paratypes: UH 2460 (5, not found in 1997). •Valid as Suttonia lineata Gosline 1960 -- (Randall & Baldwin 1997:39 [ref. 22812], Myers 1999:118 [ref. 23965], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2473 [ref. 24815], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Allen & Adrim 2003:32 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:622 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:12 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:171 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:350 [ref. 28379], Hoese et al. 2006:1028 [ref. 28999], Randall 2007:198 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2011:387 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:311 [ref. 31980], Endo & Kenmotsu 2013:16 [ref. 32578], Fricke et al. 2014:65 [ref. 33932] with author as Bleeker 1857, Parenti & Randall 2020:102 [ref. 37354], Allen & Erdmann 2024:326 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Suttonia lineata Gosline 1960. Grammistidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Cocos-Keeling Islands and Christmas Island east to Hawaiian Islands, northern Line Islands and Society Islands, north to Japan, south to eastern Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

lineatus, Grammistes Arnoult [J.] in Arnoult, Bauchot-Boutin & Roux-Estève 1958:62, Fig. 2 [Annales de l'Institut Océanographique, Monaco (Nouvelle Série) v. 34; ref. 12043] Aldabra, 9°23'S, 43°25'45"E. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1954-0144. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:15 [ref. 19232]. •Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:96 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:81 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

macrostigmus, Rypticus Courtenay [W. R., Jr.] 1967:261, Figs. 1C, 9 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 119 (no. 6); ref. 7882] Near Wood Cay, off Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas, depth 70 feet. Holotype: ANSP 100968. Paratypes: MCZ 43620 (1); UF 13420 (1), 13441 (1), 13457 (1), 13473 (4), 222737 [ex UMML 22737] (1); USNM 201408 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1974:113 [ref. 21035], Böhlke 1984:112 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Rypticus bornoi Beebe & Tee-Van 1928 -- (Guimarães 1999:348 [ref. 24429], Heemstra et al. 2003:1327 [ref. 27060], Parenti & Randall 2020:100 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Rypticus bornoi Beebe & Tee-Van 1928. Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

maculatus, Rhypticus Gill [T. N.] 1862:251 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 4909] Baja California, Mexico. Holotype (unique): ?USNM 3689. Original genus should have been Rypticus. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Rypticus maculatus Holbrook 1855. •Synonym of Rypticus nigripinnis Gill 1861 -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:101 [ref. 37354]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Rypticus nigripinnis Gill 1861. Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

maculatus, Rypticus Holbrook [J. E.] 1855:39, Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [Ichthyology of South Carolina; ref. 2184] Off Cape Romain, South Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 13232. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:112 [ref. 13621]. Also appeared in second edition, 1860:42, Pl. 6 (fig. 2). •Valid as Rypticus maculatus Holbrook 1855 -- (Courtenay 1967:271 [ref. 7882], Robins & Ray 1986:146 [ref. 23100], Retzer 1990:139 [ref. 39996], Bullock & Smith 1991:158 [ref. 36591], Boschung 1992:110 [ref. 23239], Guimarães 1999:350 [ref. 24429], Heemstra et al. 2003:1327 [ref. 27060], Nelson et al. 2004:129 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:177 [ref. 28815], Baldwin & Weigt 2012:34 [ref. 31864], Page et al. 2013:133 [ref. 32708], Parenti & Randall 2020:101 [ref. 37354], Page et al. 2023:197 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Rypticus maculatus Holbrook 1855. Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina to southern Florida and eastern Gulf of Mexico (U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

megamycterum, Pseudogramma Randall [J. E.] & Baldwin [C. C.] 1997:32, Pl. 1 (fig. F) [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 26; ref. 22812] Off desalination plant, Eilat, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, depth 15 meters. Holotype: BPBM 18289. Paratypes: BPBM 37115 (1), USNM 231347 (1). The specific epithet is used as an adjective (in relation to the once thought neuter gender of the genus Pseudogramma); in combination with a feminine genus, the adjective should be megamyctera. •Valid as Pseudogramma megamycterum Randall & Baldwin 1997 -- (Rojas M. & Pequeño 2001:161 [ref. 25813], Allen & Erdmann 2012:310 [ref. 31980], DiBattista et al. 2015:19 [ref. 35706], Heemstra 2022:84 [ref. 39742], Allen & Erdmann 2024:324 [ref. 40796]). •Valid as Pseudogramma megamyctera Randall & Baldwin 1997 -- (Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[4] 242 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:66 [ref. 36273], Prokofiev 2019:425 [ref. 36810], Parenti & Randall 2020:99 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma megamyctera Randall & Baldwin 1997. Grammistidae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Pacific: West Papua (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

microps, Perca Broussonet [P. M. A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:62 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] Jamaica. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:22 [ref. 19232]. Name mentioned in passing for fish from Jamaica. •Incertae sedis, nomen nudum -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:130 [ref. 37354]). Nomen Nudum. Grammistidae.

microps, Rypticus Castelnau [F. L.] (ex Broussonet) 1855:6 [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Bahia, Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-7844 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:22 [ref. 19232]. •Synonym of Rypticus saponaceus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Courtenay 1967:248 [ref. 7882], Parenti & Randall 2020:101 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Rypticus saponaceus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

nigripinnis, Rhypticus Gill [T. N.] 1861:53 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13; ref. 1769] Panama (Pacific). Holotype (unique): USNM 3700. Original genus should have been spelled Rypticus. •Valid as Rypticus nigripinnis Gill 1861 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:119 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:96 [ref. 23101], Heemstra in Fischer et al. 1995:1577 [ref. 22830], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:331 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:273 [ref. 24555], Guimarães 1999:353 [ref. 24429], Thomson et al. 2000:101 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:129 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:112 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:191 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:133 [ref. 32708], Palacios-Salgado et al. 2014:237 [ref. 36362], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:444 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:608 [ref. 34923], González-Murcia et al. 2019:306 [ref. 36544], Parenti & Randall 2020:101 [ref. 37354], Love et al. 2021:147 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:21 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:197 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:327 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Rypticus nigripinnis Gill 1861. Grammistidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

nigromaculatus, Rhypticus Steindachner [F.] 1867:348 [42] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 56 (1. Abth.); ref. 14188] Barbados, West Indies. Holotype (unique): NMW 57867. Original genus should have been Rypticus. •Synonym of Rypticus subbifrenatus Gill 1961 -- (Courtenay 1967:255 [ref. 7882], Baldwin & Weigt 2012:30 [ref. 31864], Parenti & Randall 2020:102 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Rypticus subbifrenatus Gill 1861. Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

ocellata, Pogonoperca Günther [A.] 1859:169 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 1; ref. 1961] No locality stated [Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1841.6.0.1766 (stuffed, not seen). Also listed was Plate XIV, fig. A, but on preface p. vi it is stated, "The Plates referred to, and executed by Mr. Ford, will be published as a separate volume." •Valid as Pogonoperca ocellata Günther 1859 -- (Chen et al. 1997:39 [ref. 26476], Anderson et al. 1998:23 [ref. 23611], Allen & Adrim 2003:32 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S105 [ref. 27377], Randall 2005:169 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2009:48 [ref. 30213], Motomura in Motomura & Satapoomin 2009:93 [ref. 30492], Randall & Schraml 2010:170 [ref. 40110], Allen & Erdmann 2012:305 [ref. 31980], Zajonz et al. 2019:71 [ref. 36871], Parenti & Randall 2020:96 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:55 [ref. 38701], Heemstra 2022:82 [ref. 39742], Ray et al. 2023:6 [ref. 39988], Allen & Erdmann 2024:325 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Pogonoperca ocellata Günther 1859. Grammistidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), southern Mozambique, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar, western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) and Maldives east to Andaman Sea and western Indonesia (Sumatra, Java). Habitat: marine.

ocellatus, Grammistops Schultz [L. P.] in Schultz et al. 1953:386, Fig. 62 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 1; ref. 3975] Lagoon at Arji Island, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, western Pacific, depth 20-40 feet. Holotype (unique): USNM 141871. Words ending in ops are masculine, so the spelling ocellatus is correct. •Valid as Grammistops ocellatus Schultz 1953 -- (Randall et al. 1971:176 [ref. 30341], Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:139 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:538 [ref. 5706], Paxton et al. 1989:517 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:123 [ref. 15987], Randall et al. 1997:123 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:118 [ref. 23965], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2473 [ref. 24815], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:731 [ref. 25086], Hutchins 2001:30 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:731 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:32 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:622 [ref. 27495] as ocellata, Randall et al. 2004:12 [ref. 27624] as ocellata, Randall 2005:169 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1027 [ref. 28999], Motomura in Motomura & Satapoomin 2009:91 [ref. 30492], Fricke et al. 2011:385 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:305 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:62 [ref. 33932], Parenti & Randall 2020:96 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:81 [ref. 39742], Allen & Erdmann 2024:323 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Grammistops ocellatus Schultz 1953. Grammistidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (northern Mozambique, Tanzania) and Comoros east to Marshall Islands and Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

orientalis, Grammistes Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:188 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Indian Ocean. Syntypes: ZMB 103 (1), 106 (1). •Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792) -- (Paepke 1999:136 [ref. 24282], Hoese et al. 2006:1027 [ref. 28999], Fricke et al. 2018:154 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:64 [ref. 36273], Parenti & Randall 2020:95 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

pasquensis, Pseudogramma australis Randall [J. E.] & Baldwin [C. C.] 1997:23, Pl. 1 (fig. C) [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 26; ref. 22812] Easter Island, offshore from Ahu Akapu, rocky substratum, 21.5 m depth. Holotype: BPBM 6623. Additional non-type material: AMS I.37619-001 (1); BPBM 6620-21 (2, 1), 13531 (1); CAS 87907 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 41659 (1); USNM 303170 (2). The holotype listed on p. 19 and all additional specimens from Easter Island on p. 19 belong to pasquensis but are not types of Pseudogramma australis australis. Instead of naming the Easter Island subspecies, P. a. australis, Randall & Baldwin named it P. a. pasquensis. •Synonym of Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Rojas M. & Pequeño 2001:160 [ref. 25813]). •Synonym of Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997 -- (Randall et al. 2002:2 [ref. 26441], Parenti & Randall 2020:97 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997. Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

paucilepis, Pseudogramma Williams [J. T.] & Viviani [J.] 2016:254, Fig. 7 [Zootaxa 4111 (no. 3); ref. 34442] Tubuai south end, outer reef slope with dense coral, Austral Islands, depth 18-22 meters. Holotype: USNM 423375. Paratypes: USNM. •Valid as Pseudogramma paucilepis Williams & Viviani 2016 -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:99 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma paucilepis Williams & Viviani 2016. Grammistidae. Distribution: South Pacific: Gambier Archipelago and Austral Islands. Habitat: marine.

pectoralis, Pseudogramma Randall [J. E.] & Baldwin [C. C.] 1997:35, Pl. 1 (fig. G) [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 26; ref. 22812] Augulpelu Reef, 7°16'N, 134°32'E, Palau Islands, depth 34-52 meters. Holotype: BPBM 9447. Paratypes: USNM 3242077 (1). •Valid as Pseudogramma pectoralis Randall & Baldwin 1997 -- (Myers 1999:118 [ref. 23965], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2473 [ref. 24815], Rojas M. & Pequeño 2001:161 [ref. 25813], Allen & Erdmann 2012:310 [ref. 31980], Parenti & Randall 2020:99 [ref. 37354], Allen & Erdmann 2024:324 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma pectoralis Randall & Baldwin 1997. Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines and Palau. Habitat: marine.

pentacantha, Perca Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:398, 424 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] No locality stated. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:43 [ref. 19232], Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:117 [ref. 12478]. •Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:95 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

pituitosus, Rhypticus Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] 1880:341 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 2 (no. 98); ref. 18135] Key West, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 23555. •Synonym of Rypticus bistrispinus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Courtenay 1967:264 [ref. 7882], Parenti & Randall 2020:100 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Rypticus bistrispinus (Mitchill 1818). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

polyacanthus, Pseudochromis Bleeker [P.] 1856:375 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 10; ref. 16853] Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH (not found). A noun in apposition according to Bleeker's subsequent usage. •Valid as Pseudogramma polyacanthum (Bleeker 1856) -- (Motomura in Motomura & Satapoomin 2009:94 [ref. 30492], Randall & Baldwin 1997:39 [ref. 22812], Randall et al. 1997:123 [ref. 25919], Fricke 1999:214 [ref. 24106], Myers 1999:118 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:12 [ref. 25829], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:611 [ref. 25122], Rojas M. & Pequeño 2001:161 [ref. 25813], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:55 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:12 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3319 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:170 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1028 [ref. 28999], Randall 2007:198 [ref. 30952], Larson et al. 2013:103 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Pseudogramma polyacanthum (Bleeker 1856), with a valid subspecies polyacanthum -- (Myers & Donaldson 2003:618 [ref. 27495]). •Valid as Pseudogramma polyacantha (Bleeker 1856) -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:140 [ref. 6441], Smith 1986:542 [ref. 5712], Allen & Swainston 1988:60 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:27 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:123 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:94 [ref. 23977], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2473 [ref. 24815], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:731 [ref. 25086], Randall & Earle 2000:12 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:731 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:32 [ref. 26830], Lobel & Lobel 2004:70 [ref. 27576], Fricke et al. 2009:49 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2011:387 [ref. 31242], Hubert et al. 2012:4 [ref. 31846], Fricke et al. 2014:65 [ref. 33932], Williams & Viviani 2016:247 [ref. 34442], Koeda et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:158 [ref. 35805], Arndt & Fricke 2019:29 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:126 [ref. 36673], Prokofiev 2019:428 [ref. 36810], Parenti & Randall 2020:99 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:56 [ref. 38701], Heemstra 2022:84 [ref. 39742], Fricke et al. 2024:75 [ref. 41255]). •Valid as Pseudogramma polyacanthus (Bleeker 1856) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:523 [ref. 12442], Allen & Erdmann 2012:310 [ref. 31980], Allen & Erdmann 2024:325 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma polyacanthus (Bleeker 1856). Grammistidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), northern Line Islands (Kiribati) and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island (Australia) and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

proerythraeus, Grammistes sexlineatus Fowler [H. W.] 1946:130, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 98; ref. 1456] Aguni Shima, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype (unique): ANSP 72004. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:112 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792) -- (Randall et al. 1971:184 [ref. 30341]). Current status: Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

punctatus, Grammistes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:504 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 6; ref. 996] Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands, southwestern Pacific; Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:42 [ref. 19232]. •Valid as Pogonoperca punctata (Valenciennes 1830) -- (Randall et al. 1971:177 [ref. 30341], Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:139 [ref. 6441], Anderson et al. 1998:23 [ref. 23611], Allen 1997:96 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:118 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:213 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2473 [ref. 24815], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:730 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:610 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:194 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:12 [ref. 25806], Nakabo 2002:730 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:32 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:622 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:12 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:169 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2009:48 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:99 [ref. 31256], Randall & Schraml 2010:173 [ref. 40110], Fricke et al. 2011:386 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:306 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:64 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:157 [ref. 35805], Parenti & Randall 2020:96 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:55 [ref. 38701], Durville et al. 2021:311 [ref. 38802], Allen & Erdmann 2024:325 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:75 [ref. 41255], Galbraith et al. 2024:6 [ref. 40930]). Current status: Valid as Pogonoperca punctata (Valenciennes 1830). Grammistidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), Madagascar, Seychelles and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Line Islands (Kiribati), Marquesas Islands and Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Coral Sea (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

randalli, Rypticus Courtenay [W. R., Jr.] 1967:275, Figs. 3A, 14 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 119 (no. 6); ref. 7882] Off mouth of Añasco River, north of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, depth 30 feet. Holotype: USNM 197917. Paratypes: ANSP 31707-08 (2), 44980 (1), 87100 (1), 100970 (2), 101603 (1); BMNH 1964.4.3.3 (1); LACM 5293 (2); MNHN 1901-0473 (1); UF 213765 [ex UMML 13765] (1), 213801 [ex UMML 13801] (1, c&s); UPRM 1167 (2), 1208 (1); USNM 30130 (1), 50188 (1), 126136 (1), 132544 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:22 [ref. 19232], Böhlke 1984:112 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Rypticus randalli Courtenay 1967 -- (Cervigón 1991:378 [ref. 24472], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Guimarães 1999:353 [ref. 24429], Camargo & Isaac 2001:142 [ref. 27639], Heemstra et al. 2003:1327 [ref. 27060], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27621], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:178 [ref. 28815], Baldwin & Weigt 2012:34 [ref. 31864], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36717], Parenti & Randall 2020:101 [ref. 37354], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:533 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:122 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:197 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Rypticus randalli Courtenay 1967. Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Cuba south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

reticulata, Pogonoperca Bliss [R.] (ex Steindachner) 1883:46 [Transactions of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius (N. S.) v. 13; ref. 16966] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MCZ 5933. •Synonym of Pogonoperca punctata (Valenciennes 1830) -- (Fricke 1999:214 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2020:97 [ref. 37354]). •Valid as Pogonoperca ocellata Günther 1859 -- (Heemstra 2022:82 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Pogonoperca ocellata Günther 1859. Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

samoensis, Gnathypops Fowler [H. W.] & Silvester [C. F.] 1922:118, Fig. 1 [Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications v. 18 (no. 312); ref. 15447] Cove south of Aua village, 100 feet northwest of Dr. Mayor's "Aua line", Pago Pago, American Samoa. Holotype: ANSP 50563. Paratypes: ANSP 50564 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:135 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Pseudogramma polyacantha (Bleeker 1856) -- (Randall & Baldwin 1997:39 [ref. 22812] as polyacanthum, Williams & Viviani 2016:247 [ref. 34442], Parenti & Randall 2020:99 [ref. 37354]). •Synonym of Pseudogramma polyacanthus (Bleeker 1856). Current status: Synonym of Pseudogramma polyacanthus (Bleeker 1856). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

saponaceus, Anthias Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Parra) 1801:310 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Eastern shore north of Cape Florida lighthouse, Key Biscayne, Dade County, Florida, U.S.A. [Original locality Cuba]. Neotype: USNM 198139 [ex UMML 1358]. Based on the 'Jabonsillo' of Parra 1787:51, Pl. 24 (fig. 2) [ref. 6840]. Neotype designated by Courtenay 1967:253 [ref. 7882]. •Valid as Rypticus saponaceus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Courtenay 1967:246 [ref. 7882], Courtenay 1970:276 [ref. 21096], Robins & Ray 1986:146 [ref. 23100], Edwards & Glass 1987:637 [ref. 9166], Maugé 1990:709 [ref. 17126], Cervigón 1991:379 [ref. 24472], Allen & Robertson 1994:118 [ref. 22193], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Guimarães 1999:355 [ref. 24429], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:262 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:218 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:72 [ref. 25466], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:157 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:989 [ref. 25909], Collette et al. 2003:107 [ref. 26784], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Heemstra et al. 2003:1327 [ref. 27060], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27621] with author as Schneider, Nelson et al. 2004:129 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:179 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:78 [ref. 36155], Wirtz et al. 2007:10, 30 [ref. 30263], aldwin & Weigt 2012:34 [ref. 31864], Wirtz et al. 2013:122 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:42 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:6 [ref. 33516] but not eastern Atlantic (needs description of a new species), Lins Oliveira et al. 2015:152 [ref. 37485], Pinheiro et al. 2015:15 [ref. 34324], Heemstra & Anderson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2404 [ref. 34618], Almeida & Alves 2019:272 [ref. 37509], Brown et al. 2019:177 [ref. 36444], Reiner 2019:175 [ref. 38139], Parenti & Randall 2020:101 [ref. 37354], Robertson et al. 2020:162 [ref. 38098], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:534 [ref. 38945], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:79 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:288 [ref. 39448], Carvalho-Filho 2023:122 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:197 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Rypticus saponaceus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda and southern Florida (U.S.A.) south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Caribbean Sea; southern-central Atlantic: Saint Helena Island; eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

sexlineata, Perca Thunberg [C. P.] 1792:142, Pl. 5 [Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, Stockholm v. 13 (for 1792); ref. 17914] Japan or East Indies [Indonesia]. Type lost. Name appears in text as sexlineata but on plate as 6 lineata. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:213 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792) -- (Randall et al. 1971:183 [ref. 30341], Dor 1984:105 [ref. 29757], Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:139 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:538 [ref. 5706], Allen & Swainston 1988:60 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:517 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:177 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:26 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:122 [ref. 15987], Baldwin et al. 1991:82 [ref. 19140], Francis 1993:160 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:27 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:139 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:94 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:39 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:122 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:122 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:118 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:211 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2473 [ref. 24815], Johnson 1999:731 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:730 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:610 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:195 [ref. 25191], Okamoto et al. 2000:4 [ref. 25099], Randall & Earle 2000:12 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:98 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:30 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:730 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:32 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S105 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:622 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:12 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3319 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:175 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:169 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1027 [ref. 28999], Fricke et al. 2009:47 [ref. 30213], Motomura in Motomura & Satapoomin 2009:91 [ref. 30492], Motomura et al. 2010:99 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:107 [ref. 39915] as Grammiste sexlineatus, Fricke et al. 2011:385 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:305 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:257 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:62 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:113 [ref. 36167], Stewart 2015:1202 [ref. 34196], Koeda et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:4 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:154 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:64 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:29 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:120 [ref. 36673], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 21 [ref. 38321], Parenti & Randall 2020:95 [ref. 37354], Sonoyama et al. 2020:55 [ref. 37637], Akhilesh et al. 2021:54 [ref. 38701], Dewa et al. 2022:17 [ref. 40001], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:145 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:81 [ref. 39742], Murase et al. 2023:39 [ref. 40935], Allen & Erdmann 2024:323 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:75 [ref. 41255]). Current status: Valid as Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792). Grammistidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Sea of Japan and Kagoshima Prefecture (Pacific coast of Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), New Caledonia, Kermadec Islands and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

sexlineatus, Bodianus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:285, 302 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7823. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:13 [ref. 19171], Bauchot et al. 1984:39 [ref. 19232]. Original as sex-lineatus. Secondarily preoccupied in Grammistes by Perca sexlineata Thunberg 1792. •Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:95 [ref. 37354]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

subbifrenatus, Rhypticus Gill [T. N.] 1861:53 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13; ref. 1769] St. Thomas Island, Virgin Islands, West Indies. Neotype: USNM 106516. Original genus should have been spelled Rypticus. Neotype selected by Baldwin & Weigt 2012:30 [ref. 31864]. •Valid as Rypticus subbifrenatus Gill 1861 -- (Courtenay 1967:255 [ref. 7882], Courtenay 1970:278 [ref. 21096], Robins & Ray 1986:146 [ref. 23100], Maugé 1990:709 [ref. 17126], Retzer 1990:139 [ref. 39996], Cervigón 1991:377 [ref. 24472], Guimarães 1999:349 [ref. 24429], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:218 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:157 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:107 [ref. 26784], Heemstra et al. 2003:1327 [ref. 27060], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:129 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:180 [ref. 28815], Wirtz et al. 2007:10, 30 [ref. 30263], Baldwin & Weigt 2012:23, 30 [ref. 31864], Page et al. 2013:133 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:43 [ref. 33341], Heemstra & Anderson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2405 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:175 [ref. 38139], Parenti & Randall 2020:102 [ref. 37354], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:79 [ref. 38844], Fermon et al. 2022:289 [ref. 39448], Carvalho-Filho 2023:123 [ref. 40480], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:117 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:197 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Rypticus subbifrenatus Gill 1861. Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bahamas and Florida (U.S.A.) south to Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and northwestern Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands, Annobón Island (Equatorial Guinea), and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

suttoni, Suttonia Smith [J. L. B.] 1953:556, Fig. 3 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 6 (no. 67) (art. 50); ref. 4086] Pemba Island, off Tanzania, western Indian Ocean, depth 6-8 fathoms. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 159. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] (3) not researched. •Valid as Suttonia suttoni Smith 1953 -- (Randall & Baldwin 1997:50 [ref. 22812], Randall 2007:198 [ref. 30952], Endo & Kenmotsu 2013:16 [ref. 32578], Parenti & Randall 2020:102 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:84 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Valid as Suttonia suttoni Smith 1953. Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique north to Tanzania, east to Comoros. Habitat: marine.

thaumasium, Rhegma Gilbert [C. H.] in Jordan & Evermann 1900:3170 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2446] Panama (Pacific). Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 5978. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:70 [ref. 12291]. Author is C. H. Gilbert. Holotype figured in Gilbert & Starks 1904, Pl. 15 (fig. 31) [ref. 1639]. •Valid as Pseudogramma thaumasium (Gilbert 1900) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:118 [ref. 22193], Heemstra in Fischer et al. 1995:1577 [ref. 22830], Randall & Baldwin 1997:45 [ref. 22812], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:332 [ref. 24023], Thomson et al. 2000:102 [ref. 25640], Rojas M. & Pequeño 2001:161 [ref. 25813], Nelson et al. 2004:129 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:112 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:191 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:133 [ref. 32708]). •Valid as Pseudogramma thaumasia (Gilbert 1900) -- (Fourriére et al. 2016:444 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:608 [ref. 34923], Prokofiev 2019:427 [ref. 36810], Parenti & Randall 2020:99 [ref. 37354], Love et al. 2021:149 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:21 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:197 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma thaumasia (Gilbert 1900). Grammistidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Colombia, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Cocos Island (Costa Rica), Malpelo Island (Colombia) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

triacantha, Perca Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:398, 424 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] No locality stated. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7823. •Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:95 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

vittata, Sciaena Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1802:310, 316 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:44 [ref. 19232], Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:32 [ref. 6382]. Based on Commerson manuscript. •Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792) -- (Fricke 1999:212 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2020:95 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg 1792). Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.

xanthum, Pseudogramma Randall [J. E.], Baldwin [C. C.] & Williams [J. T.] 2002:3 [Zootaxa No. 40; ref. 26441] Small cave on northern side, Temoe Atoll, Gambier Group, Tuamotu Archipelago, depth 41 meters. Holotype: BPBM 13531. Additional non-type material: BMNH 1996.6.27.1 (1); BPBM 13974 (2), 16444 (1), 16893 (1), 37393 (4); CAS 13531 (1); USNM 327795 (3). Proposed as a replacement name for Pseudogramma australis australis Randall & Baldwin 1997, preoccupied by Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997; see also remarks under Pseudogramma australis. Pseudogramma is feminine, so name should be xantha. •Valid as Pseudogramma xanthum Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002 -- (Randall et al. 2004:12 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:171 [ref. 28239]). •Valid as Pseudogramma xantha Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002 -- (Williams & Viviani 2016:258 [ref. 34442], Prokofiev 2019:425 [ref. 36810], Parenti & Randall 2020:99 [ref. 37354]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Pseudogramma xantha Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002. Grammistidae. Distribution: Western Pacific, South Pacific: Ha'apai Group, Tonga; Cook Islands, Gambier and Austral Islands, Temoe Atoll and Pitcairn. Habitat: marine.

xanti, Rhypticus Gill [T. N.] 1862:250 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 4909] Baja California, Mexico. Syntypes: (2) USNM 30740 (1). Original genus should have been spelled Rypticus. •Synonym of Rypticus bicolor Valenciennes 1846 -- (Heemstra in Fischer et al. 1995:1577 [ref. 22830]). Current status: Synonym of Rypticus bicolor Valenciennes 1846. Grammistidae. Habitat: marine.