Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Hemiramphidae: [ 136 ] records

acutus, Hemirhamphus Günther [A.] 1872:671 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3) (art. 1) (for 21 Nov. 1871); ref. 1997] Rarotonga Island, Cook Islands, South Pacific. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1871.9.13.156. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Valid as Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872) -- (Collette 1974:111 [ref. 12723], Pequeño 1989:50 [ref. 14125], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Myers 1999:77 [ref. 23965], Collette 1999:2194 [ref. 24785], Randall 2007:141 [ref. 30952]). •Valid as Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872), subspecies acutus (Günther 1872) -- (Parin et al. 1980:90 [ref. 6895], Randall 1999:8 [ref. 25829], Randall & Earle 2000:9 [ref. 25806], Myers & Donaldson 2003:616 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:69 [ref. 27576], Collette 2004:5, 23 [ref. 27583], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:83 [ref. 28239], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Marshall Islands east to Wake Island and Easter Island, south to Gilbert Islands and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

affinis, Hemirhamphus Günther [A.] 1866:267 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] [South Seas] South Pacific. Lectotype: BMNH 2012.11.10.3. Paralectotypes: BMNH 2012.11.10.4 (1). Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype selected by Collette 1974:86 [ref. 12930]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus affinis (Günther 1866) -- (Collette 1974:84 [ref. 1293], Parin et al. 1980:73 [ref. 6895], Collette 1982:720 [ref. 12729], Dor 1984:62 [ref. 29757], Collette & Su 1986:276 [ref. 5998], Collette 1986:390 [ref. 5647], Allen & Swainston 1988:40 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:337 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:64 [ref. 23977], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Myers 1999:77 [ref. 23965], Collette 1999:2194 [ref. 24785], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:61 [ref. 26753], Allen & Adrim 2003:26 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:616 [ref. 27495], Collette 2004:6 [ref. 27583], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:83 [ref. 28239], Paxton et al. 2006:735 [ref. 28994], Fricke et al. 2007:69 [ref. 29533], Fricke et al. 2011:371 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:163 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32988], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:104 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:42 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36673], Bariche & Fricke 2020:118 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:338 [ref. 37272], Golani 2021:32 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:53 [ref. 39014], Collette 2022:365 [ref. 39718], Allen & Erdmann 2024:180 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus affinis (Günther 1866). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros and Madagascar east to Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to Philippines, south to northwestern Australia and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

angulatus, Esox Hamilton [F.] in Day 1877:516 [The fishes of India Part 3; ref. 4886] Not available, name mentioned in the synonymy of Hemirhampus limbatus Day 1877. •Not available -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). Nomen Nudum. Hemiramphidae.

arabicus, Rhynchorhamphus Parin [N. V.] & Shcherbachev [Yu. N.] 1972:569 [523], Fig. [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 7634] Aden Roads, Yemen. Holotype: ZIN 40642. Paratypes: ZMMU P-17452 (1). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:73 [ref. 25714]. On p. 523 of English translation. •Valid as Rhynchorhamphus arabicus Parin & Shcherbachev 1972 -- (Collette 1976:82 [ref. 7107], Parin et al. 1980:102 [ref. 6895], Randall 1995:89 [ref. 22896], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Collette 2004:13 [ref. 27583], Collette 2022:371 [ref. 39718]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchorhamphus arabicus Parin & Shcherbachev 1972. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden (Yemen and Somalia). Habitat: marine.

archipelagicus, Hemiramphus Collette [B. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 1978:732, Fig. 1a [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 91 (no. 3); ref. 8943] Western Indian Ocean, Vietnam, 8°21'N, 104°38'E. Holotype: USNM 218371 [ex SIO 65-43]. Paratypes: ANSP (7, 2 lots); BMNH (1); CAS 38631-32 (1, 4), 41999-42000 (1, 1); FMNH 15805-06 (1, 1); IOM (10, 5 lots); MCZ (1); NMC (3, 2 lots); NMW (1); RMNH (33, 12 lots); UMMZ 181212 (1); USNM 218372 (4); ZMA (16, 8 lots); ZMUC (8, 6 lots); ZSI (2, 1 lot). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:67 [ref. 19236], Böhlke 1984:102 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367], Collette et al. 1992:8 [ref. 19410] including USNM paratypes inadvertently omitted from the original. •Valid as Hemiramphus archipelagicus Collette & Parin 1978 -- (Parin et al. 1980:127 [ref. 6895], Collette et al. 1992:8 [ref. 19410], Collette 1999:2186 [ref. 24785], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:82 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2012:163 [ref. 31980], Yoshida et al. 2013:62 [ref. 34464], Fricke et al. 2014:39 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:177 [ref. 34104] as cf. archipelagicus, Motomura et al. 2017:64 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:104 [ref. 35805], Hata et al. 2018:66 [ref. 36661], Behera et al. 2019:[2] [ref. 37133], Psomadakis et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37272], Collette 2022:359 [ref. 39718], Allen & Erdmann 2024:180 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus archipelagicus Collette & Parin 1978. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar, India and Sri Lanka east to Cook Islands, north to Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

ardelio, Reporhamphus Whitley [G. P.] 1931:314 [Australian Zoologist v. 6 (pt 4); ref. 4672] Ikula, near mouth of Clarence River, New South Wales, Australia. Lectotype: AMS I.12744. Paralectotypes: AMS I.12745-46 (1, 1). Lectotype selected by Whitley 1959:310 [ref. 4729]. Based on Hemirhamphus regularis described and figured by Stead 1908:37, Pl. 11 [ref. 18743]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus regularis (Günther 1866) -- (Collette 1974:55 [ref. 12930], Paxton et al. 1989:338 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:391 [ref. 22532], Paxton et al. 2006:737 [ref. 28994]). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus regularis (Günther 1866), but a valid subspecies ardelio (Whitley 1931) -- (Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471], Collette 2004:10 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus regularis (Günther 1866). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

argenteus, Hemiramphus Bennett [F. D.] 1840:269, Fig. [Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe v. 2; ref. 260] Pacific ("in lats. 3°S and 5°N"). No types known. •Status uncertain, questionably the same as Oxyporhamphus micropterus (Valenciennes 1847), subspecies micropterus -- (Parin et al. 1980:149 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:286 [ref. 5998], Collette 1986:391 [ref. 5647]). •Synonym of Oxyporhamphus micropterus subspecies micropterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Mundy 2005:290 [ref. 28379]). •Incertae sedis -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Oxyporhamphus micropterus (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

arnoldorum, Hemirhamphus Curtiss [A.] 1938:42 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands [French Polynesia, South Pacific]. No types known. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872) -- (Collette 1974:118 [ref. 12723]). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872), subspecies acutus -- (Parin et al. 1980:90 [ref. 6895], Collette 2004:6, 23 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

atherinoides, Chriodorus Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] 1882:432 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 297); ref. 1840] Key West, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 26593. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:8 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Chriodorus atherinoides Goode & Bean 1882 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:101 [ref. 23100], Collette et al. 1992:8 [ref. 19410], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:957 [ref. 23897], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:208 [ref. 24550], Collette 2003:1143 [ref. 26981], Collette 2004:2 [ref. 27583], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Collette & Bemis 2019:93 [ref. 37342], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chriodorus atherinoides Goode & Bean 1882. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: southern Florida south through the Florida Keys, to the Bahamas, Cuba, Campeche and Yucatán, Mexico, and Belize. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

australensis, Hemiramphus Seale [A.] 1906:12, Fig. 2 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3999] Tubuai, Austral Islands [Tubuai Islands], French Polynesia. Holotype (unique): BPBM 746. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus affinis (Günther 1866) -- (Parin et al. 1980:73 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:276 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:6 [ref. 27583], Randall 2005:83 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus affinis (Günther 1866). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

australis, Hemiramphus Steindachner [F.] 1866:471 [48] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 53; ref. 4210] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): NMW 5560. On p. 48 of separate. Corresponds to Hemiramphus trilineatus in abstract, Steindachner 1866:53 [ref. 20460]. The name Hemiramphus trilineatus Steindachner 1866 was used for this species in an abstract [ref. 20460] that apparently predates the name Hemiramphus australis Steindachner 1866 which appeared in the main paper [ref. 4210]. Because H. trilineatus has not been used, whereas H. australis is currently used for this commercially-important species, continued usage of H. australis is maintained. The name Hemiramphus australis might qualify as a nomen protectum under art. 23.9 of the Code. •Valid as Hyporhamphus australis (Steindachner 1866) -- (Collette 1974:61 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:93 [ref. 6895], Paxton et al. 1989:337 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:64 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:159 [ref. 25479], Kuiter 1997:52 [ref. 25488], Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471], Collette 2004:6 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:735 [ref. 28994]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus australis (Steindachner 1866). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine.

balao, Hemiramphus Lesueur [C. A.] 1821:136 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 13274] Near Guadeloupe Island and Martinique Island and Santo Domingo, Lesser Antilles, West Indies. No types known. •Valid as Hemiramphus balao Lesueur 1821 -- (Parin 1973:268 [ref. 7191], Burgess et al. 1980:77 [ref. 41504], Robins & Ray 1986:102 [ref. 23100], Dennis & Bright 1988:4 [ref. 39782], Collette & Parin 1990:579 [ref. 16473], Cervigón 1991:221 [ref. 24472], Cervigón 1992:338 [ref. 23827], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:959 [ref. 23897], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:175 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:70 [ref. 25466], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:154 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:103 [ref. 26784], Collette 2003:1138 [ref. 26981], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:32 [ref. 33341], Collette 2016:2160 [ref. 34601], Almeida & Alves 2019:270 [ref. 37509], Carneiro et al. 2019:200 [ref. 37250], Collette & Bemis 2019:99 [ref. 37342], Reiner 2019:138 [ref. 38139], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:309 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:269 [ref. 39448] possible, Carvalho-Filho 2023:90 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus balao Lesueur 1821. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New York (U.S.A.) south to Santos (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Morocco south to Angola, including Madeira, Canary Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

balinensis, Hemiramphus Bleeker [P.] 1858:170 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 16982] Boleling, northern Bali, Indonesia [Bali Sea, eastern Indian Ocean]. Lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.14. Paralectotypes: (7) RMNH 6950 (4). Lectotype of Hemiramphus balinensis was selected by Parin et al. 1980:58 [ref.6895] and again by Dor 1984:63 [ref. 29757]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus balinensis (Bleeker 1858) -- (Parin et al. 1980:58 [ref. 6895], Dor 1984:63 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Myers 1999:77 [ref. 23965], Collette 1999:2194 [ref. 24785], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Collette 2004:6 [ref. 27583], Fricke et al. 2014:39 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2018:104 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:42 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36673], Psomadakis et al. 2020:339 [ref. 37272], Collette 2022:366 [ref. 39718]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus balinensis (Bleeker 1858). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Mozambique Channel and Madagascar east to Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to Philippines, south to northwestern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

bermudensis, Hemiramphus Collette [B. B.] 1962:432, Fig. 1 [Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 4554] Whalebone Bay, St. George's Island, Bermuda. Holotype: FMNH 48115. Paratypes: FMNH 5051-3 (1, 1, 1), 48082 (1), 48490 (1), 63878 (1); MCZ 26718 (1); UMMZ 172417 (7), 175982 (2), 175990 (1), 176512 (2); USNM 12699 (5), 21245 (1), 21377 (6 + 3 heads), 21884 (5), 187565 (3); ZMUC 162 (1). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:54 [ref. 9588], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367], Collette et al. 1992:8 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Hemiramphus bermudensis Collette 1962 -- (Collette et al. 1992:8 [ref. 19410], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:176 [ref. 25013], Collette 2003:1139 [ref. 26981], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583], Collette & Bemis 2019:103 [ref. 37342]). Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus bermudensis Collette 1962. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western North Atlantic: Bermuda. Habitat: marine.

brasiliensis, Esox Linnaeus [C.] 1758:314 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Brazil; Jamaica. Linnaeus materials: NRM 42 (1), 142 (1), 242 (1). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:228-229 [ref. 20707]. Based on the 'Timvcv brasiliensibus' of Markgraf von Liebstadt 1648:168 [ref. 30347] and the 'Esox maxilla inferiore producta' of Browne 1756:443, Pl. 45, fig. 2 [ref. 30188]. Surviving "syntypes" are evidently Asian specimens and not brasiliensis of current authors. •Valid as Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Collette 1965:225 [ref. 13343], Robins & Ray 1986:102 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:309 [ref. 25518] as Hemirhamphus, McAllister 1990:127 [ref. 14674], Collette & Parin 1990:580 [ref. 16473], Cervigón 1991:220 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:83 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:338 [ref. 23827], Murdy et al. 1997:120 [ref. 23144], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:960 [ref. 23897], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:209 [ref. 24550], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:154 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1643 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:989 [ref. 25909], Camargo & Isaac 2001:139 [ref. 27639], Collette 2003:1140 [ref. 26981], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583], Smith et al. 2003:15 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807], García-Hernández et al. 2009:92 [ref. 37265], Angulo et al. 2013:997 [ref. 33194], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32972], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:32 [ref. 33341], Pinheiro et al. 2015:10 [ref. 34324], Collette 2016:2161 [ref. 34601], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Collette & Bemis 2019:105 [ref. 37342], Reiner 2019:139 [ref. 38139], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:310 [ref. 38945], Soares et al. 2021:1517 [ref. 38789], Fermon et al. 2022:269 [ref. 39448], Carvalho-Filho 2023:89 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus 1758). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; western-central Atlantic: Saint Peter and Saint Paul's Archipelago (Brazil); eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

breederi, Ichthyacus Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1948:[2], Fig. [Evencias No. 4; ref. 1318] Río Orinoco, Boca del Caño Orupe, between mouths of Río Meta and Río Apure, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): AFY 48051. On second unnumbered page. Named "en honor a C. M. Breeder [sic, for Breder] Jr. del American Museum of Natural History"; emended to brederi by authors. •Valid as Hyporhamphus brederi (Fernández-Yépez 1948) -- (Collette 1974:170 [ref. 7131], Collette in Reis et al. 2003:589 [ref. 27061], Collette 2004:6 [ref. 27583], Banford 2010:347 [ref. 31088], Collette & Bemis 2019:110 [ref. 37342], Taphorn et al. 2022:9 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus brederi (Fernández-Yépez 1948). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River and Amazon River (Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

breviceps, Hemirhamphus Castelnau [F. L.] 1878:240 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 761] Brisbane River mouth, Queensland, Australia. No types known. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:24 [ref. 22813]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Synonym of Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866 -- (Collette 1974:34 [ref. 12930], Paxton et al. 1989:336 [ref. 12442], Paxton et al. 2006:733 [ref. 28994]). •Synonym of Arramphus sclerolepis Günther 1866, subspecies kreftii (Steindachner 1867) -- (Parin et al. 1980:97 [ref. 6895], Collette 2004:2, 24 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866. Hemiramphidae. Habitat: freshwater.

brevirostris, Hemiramphus Cuvier [G.] 1829:286 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Vizagapatam, India. No types known. Available from footnote as, "H. brevirostris ou kuddera B., Russel, 177, Willughb. app., pl. vi, f. 4." Lectotype selected by Kottelat 2013:292 and declared a nomen oblitum. •Incertae sedis -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). •Valid as Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Kottelat 2013:292 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae.

brevirostris, Macrognathus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:148 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Indian and American oceans. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.115 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:215 [ref. 13434] but as holotype. •Synonym of Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wheeler 1958:215 [ref. 13434], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus 1758). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

brevis, Oxyporhamphus Seale [A.] 1910:495, Pl. 2 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Paawacan, Palawan Island, Philippines. Holotype: BSMP 5301 (apparently destroyed). Paratypes: (13) BSMP (apparently destroyed). •Valid as Arrhamphus brevis (Seale 1910) -- (Mohsin & Ambak 1996:176 [ref. 27969]). •Valid as Melapedalion breve (Seale 1910) -- (Parin et al. 1980:98 [ref. 6895], Collette 1999:2195 [ref. 24785], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Collette 2004:12 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989], Wibowo et al. 2022:108 [ref. 39233]). Current status: Valid as Melapedalion breve (Seale 1910). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Bangka Belitung Islands (Indonesia) and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

brevoortii, Euleptorhamphus Gill [T. N.] 1859:156 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 1757] Locality unknown. No types known. •Synonym of Hemiramphus viridis van Hasselt 1823 -- (Parin 1964:185 [ref. 9515] as Hemirhamphus). •Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823) -- (Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:734 [ref. 28994]). Current status: Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

brownii, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:13 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Martinique Island, West Indies. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-4585. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-7602 [not 7062] (1) Martinique, B-1052 (3) Gorée, B-1053 (1, dry), B-2183 (1, dry), 0000-4344 (1). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:15 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype selected by Collette 1965:226 [ref. 13343]. •Synonym of Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Collette 1965:225 [ref. 13343], Collette & Parin 1990:580 [ref. 16473], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus 1758). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

bruuni, Oxyporhamphus convexus Parin [N. V.], Collette [B. B.] & Shcherbachev [Yu. N.] 1980:159, Figs. 42, 43 [Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova = Transactions of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology v. 97; ref. 6895] Arabian Sea, 16°49'N, 62°03'E, surface. Holotype: ZIN 42670. Paratypes: IOM B-4817 (7), B-4849 (1); USNM 266307-09 (1, 1, 1); ZIN 42670A (2). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:10-11 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Hemiramphus convexus (Weber & de Beaufort 1922), subspecies bruuni Parin, Collette & Shcherbachev 1980 -- (Collette 2004:13, 24 [ref. 27583]). •Synonym of Oxyporhamphus convexus (Weber & de Beaufort 1922), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Dor 1984:63 [ref. 29757], Collette et al. 1992:11 [ref. 19410], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Collette 2022:369 [ref. 39718]). •Valid as Oxyporhamphus bruuni (Parin, Collette & Shcherbachev 1980) -- (Golani & Fricke 2018:42 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Valid as Oxyporhamphus bruuni Parin, Collette & Shcherbachev 1980. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden east to northwestern India. Habitat: marine.

calabaricus, Hemirhamphus Günther [A.] 1866:266 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Old Calabar, Nigeria. Lectotype: BMNH 1861.12.29.6. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1865.5.3.50-51 (2). Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype selected by Collette 1965:230 [ref. 13343]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus picarti (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1965:228 [ref. 13343], Parin 1973:269 [ref. 7191], Collette 1986:163 [ref. 6197], Collette & Parin 1990:581 [ref. 16473]). •Synonym of Hyporamphus picarti (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:580 [ref. 21590], Collette 2004:10 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus picarti (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cantori, Hemirhamphus Bleeker [P.] 1866:145 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 3; ref. 419] East Indies. Lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.16. Paralectotypes: (61) ?AMS B.7517 [from Day] (1), RMNH 6953 (2). Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Unjustifiably emended to cantoris by Günther 1866:264 [ref. 1983]. Lectotype selected by Collette 1976:92 [ref. 7107]. •Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:90 [ref. 12930], Collette 1976:90 [ref. 7107], Parin et al. 1980:108 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:287 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:14 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:292 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

capensis, Hemiramphus Thominot [A.] 1886:166 [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 10; ref. 17904] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-7601. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:15 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus capensis (Thominot 1886) -- (Parin et al. 1980:46 [ref. 6895], Collette 1986:163 [ref. 6197], Collette 1986:390 [ref. 5647], Poll & Gosse 1995:99 [ref. 24781], Collette 2004:7 [ref. 27583], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:127 [ref. 28072], Collette 2022:361 [ref. 39718]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus capensis (Thominot 1886). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Western Cape, eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) north to southern Mozambique. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

caudalis, Reporhamphus Whitley [G. P.] 1951:393 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 4715] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: AMS I.444. Paratypes: AMS I.31471-001 [ex AMS I.444] (1). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus quoyi (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:78 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:87 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:281 [ref. 5998], Paxton et al. 1989:338 [ref. 12442], Collette 2004:10 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:737 [ref. 28994], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus quoyi (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

chancellori, Odontorhamphus Weed [A. C.] 1933:52, Fig. 1 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 20 (no. 7); ref. 6557] Aitutaki Island, Cook Islands [South Pacific]. Holotype (unique): FMNH 16208. Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:61 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872) -- (Collette 1974:118 [ref. 12723]). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872), subspecies acutus -- (Parin et al. 1980:90 [ref. 6895], Collette 2004:6, 24 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

collettei, Hyporhamphus Banford [H. M.] 2010:347, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 123 (no. 4); ref. 31088] Ferry Reach at Biological Station, Bermuda. Holotype: USNM 391198. Paratypes: many at AMNH, ANSP, UMMZ, USNM. •Valid as Hyporhamphus collettei Banford 2010 -- (Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:170 [ref. 32953], Collette & Bemis 2019:112 [ref. 37342]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus collettei Banford 2010. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Bermuda. Habitat: freshwater.

commersonii, Hemiramphus Cuvier [G.] 1829:286 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Indian Ocean; Indonesia. No types known. Valenciennes specimens: MNHN 0000-4584 (1) Mauritius, B-1054 (2) Red Sea, B-1056 (3) Red Sea, B-1055 (1) Zanzibar. Available from footnote as, "H. commersonii, N., Lacép., V, vii, 3, ou le demi-bec de Baggewaal, Renard., IIe part, pl. v, no. 21." Paepke & Seegers 1986:144 credit to Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846 with syntypes at ZMB. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:119 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parin 1973:268 [ref. 7191], Collette 1974:38 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:133 [ref. 6895] as commersoni, Dor 1984:61 [ref. 29757], Collette & Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:621 [ref. 13676], Collette & SU 1986:254 [ref. 5998] as commersoni, Collette 1986:389 [ref. 5647] as commersoni, Fricke 1999:118 [ref. 24106], Collette 1999:2187 [ref. 24785], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:290 [ref. 32989], Golani & Fricke 2018:41 [ref. 36273]). •Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Fabricius 1775). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

convexus, Hemirhamphus Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1922:159 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 4; ref. 4598] Timor Island, southern Malay Archipelago. Lectotype: ZMA 109672. Paralectotypes: ZMA 109671 (2). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:68 [ref. 19236]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype selected by Parin et al. 1980:157 [ref. 6895]. •Valid as Oxyporhamphus convexus (Weber & de Beaufort 1922), subspecies convexus (Weber & de Beaufort 1922) -- (Parin et al. 1980:157 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:284 [ref. 5998], Nakabo 2000:552 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:552 [ref. 26001], Motomura et al. 2017:66 [ref. 35490], Psomadakis et al. 2020:340 [ref. 37272], Collette 2022:369 [ref. 39718]). •Valid as Hemiramphus convexus Weber & de Beaufort 1922, subspecies convexus Weber & de Beaufort 1922 -- (Collette 1999:2192 [ref. 24785], Collette 2004:13, 25 [ref. 27583]). •Valid as Hemiramphus convexus Weber & de Beaufort 1922 -- (Fricke et al. 2014:39 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2018:104 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36673]). •Valid as Oxyporhamphus convexus (Weber & de Beaufort 1922) -- (Dor 1984:63 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Collette 2022:369 [ref. 39718]). Current status: Valid as Oxyporhamphus convexus (Weber & de Beaufort 1922). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Madagascar east to Caroline Islands and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea). Habitat: marine.

cuspidatus, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:56, Pl. 557 [not 523] [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Indian Ocean (stomach content). Lectotype: MNHN 0000-4593. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2969 [ex MNHN 0000-4593] (1, poor condition). Type catalog: Bruun 1937:187 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:15 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype selected by Bruun 1937:187 [ref. 12982]. •Synonym of Oxyporhamphus micropterus (Valenciennes 1847), subspecies micropterus -- (Parin et al. 1980:149 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:286 [ref. 5998], Collette 1986:391 [ref. 5647], Collette 2004:13, 25 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:737 [ref. 28994]). •Synonym of Oxyporhamphus micropterus (Valenciennes 1847). Current status: Synonym of Oxyporhamphus micropterus (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

delagoae, Hemirhamphus (Hyporhamphus) Barnard [K. H.] 1925:498 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 15 (no. 86) (art. 56); ref. 12730] Delagoa Bay, southeastern Mozambique. Lectotype: SAM 12303. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1927.12.6.13 [ex SAM] (1). Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Smith 1933 [ref. 12731] gives SAM 12303 as "Holotype"; this specimen is designated as lectotype by Collette 1982:720 [ref. 12729]. •Synonym of Hemirhamphus affinis Günther 1866. Not H. delagoae as treated by Parin et al. 1980:40 [ref. 6895] [= Hyporhamphus improvisus Smith 1933] (see Collette 1982 [ref. 12729]). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus affinis (Günther 1866) -- (Collette 1986:390 [ref. 5647], Collette 2004:6 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus affinis (Günther 1866). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

depauperatus, Hemirhamphus Lay [G. T.] & Bennett [E. T.] 1839:66 [The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage; ref. 2730] Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): Royal Coll. Surgeons (whereabouts unknown). Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Valid as Hemiramphus depauperatus Lay & Bennett 1839 -- (Parin et al. 1980:126 [ref. 6895], Randall & Earle 2000:9 [ref. 25806], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583], Randall 2005:83 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:291 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:140 [ref. 30952], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988]). Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus depauperatus Lay & Bennett 1839. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Central and South Pacific: Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands, Society Islands, Marquesas Islands. Habitat: marine.

differt, Esox marginatus var. Schneider [J. G.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:393 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] [Lohajæ] Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea. No types known. Unnecessary replacement for Esox far Forsskål 1775. •Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Fabricius 1775). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

dussumieri, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:33, Pl. 554 [not 520] [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Seychelles. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-1063. Bleeker specimens: AMS B.7969 (1) Indonesia. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:16 [ref. 22813] with a holotype but 3 localities were provided [does not establish a lectotype]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus affinis (Günther 1866) -- (Dor 1984:62 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Hyporhamphus dussumieri (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:86 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:83 [ref. 6895], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:79 [ref. 6441], Collette & Su 1986:279 [ref. 5998], Paxton et al. 1989:337 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:57 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:64 [ref. 23929], Chen et al. 1997:25 [ref. 26476] dated 1846, Kuiter 1997:52 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:57 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:77 [ref. 23965], Collette 1999:2189 [ref. 24785], Nakabo 2000:551 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:137 [ref. 25191], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:185 [ref. 25703], Allen 2000:96 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:97 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:551 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:26 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:616 [ref. 27495] dated 1846, Collette 2004:7 [ref. 27583], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624] dated 1846, Randall 2005:84 [ref. 28239], Paxton et al. 2006:736 [ref. 28994], Fricke et al. 2011:371 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:163 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:252 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:39 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:14 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:105 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36673], Psomadakis et al. 2020:339 [ref. 37272], Akaike et al. 2021:19 [ref. 38809], Collette 2022:366 [ref. 39718], Allen & Erdmann 2024:181 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus dussumieri (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Mozambique Channel, Madagascar, Seychelles and Maldives east to Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands and Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

eclancheri, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:51 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] "Marquesas Islands." Holotype: MNHN 0000-4592. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:16 [ref. 22813]. Type locality likely to be an error; see Collette 1976:93-94 [ref. 7107]. •Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:90 [ref. 12930], Collette 1976:90 [ref. 7107], Parin et al. 1980:108 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:287 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:13 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:292 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

elongatus, Hemirhamphus Tanaka [S.] 1911:22, Pl. 6 (fig. 21) [Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan v. 2; ref. 14881] Misaki, Sagami Province, Japan. Holotype (unique): ZUMT 2946 (lost). Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823) -- (Parin et al. 1980:140 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:253 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

erythrorinchus, Hemiramphus Lesueur [C. A.] 1821:137 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 13274] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Neotype: MNHN B-1038. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:16 [ref. 22813]. Neotype designated by Parin et al. 1980:79 [ref. 6895]; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus erythrorinchus (Lesueur 1821) -- (Parin et al. 1980:77 [ref. 6895], Fricke 1999:119 [ref. 24106], Collette 2004:7 [ref. 27583], Fricke et al. 2009:31 [ref. 30213], Collette 2022:367 [ref. 39718]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus erythrorinchus (Lesueur 1821). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: western Mascarenes (La Réunion, there now extinct; Mauritius), Cargados Carajos/Saint Brandon's Shoals. Habitat: marine.

far, Esox marginatus Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:xiii, 67 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [Lohajæ] Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea, ca. 15°42'25''N 42°41'18''E. No types known. Genus sometimes spelled Hemirhamphus. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:119 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:22 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Hemiramphus far (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parin 1973:268 [ref. 7191], Collette 1974:38 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:133 [ref. 6895], Dor 1984:61 [ref. 29757], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:79 [ref. 6441], Collette & Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:621 [ref. 13676], Collette & Su 1986:254 [ref. 5998], Collette 1986:389 [ref. 5647], Wu & Lu in Kuang et al. 1986:194 [ref. 26639], Allen & Swainston 1988:40 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:337 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:57 [ref. 15987], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:88 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:176 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:64 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:349 [ref. 23967], Randall et al. 1997:57 [ref. 25919], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Myers 1999:76 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:118 [ref. 24106], Collette 1999:2187 [ref. 24785], Nakabo 2000:549 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:136 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:96 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:97 [ref. 26368], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:161 [ref. 27511], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:61 [ref. 26753], Nakabo 2002:549 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:26 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3317 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:127 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:29 [ref. 37112], Randall 2005:83 [ref. 28239], Paxton et al. 2006:734 [ref. 28994], Fricke et al. 2007:69 [ref. 29533], Fricke et al. 2009:31 [ref. 30213], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:34 [ref. 36649], Fricke et al. 2011:371 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:163 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:252 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:290 [ref. 32989], Falautano et al. 2014:235 [ref. 34002], Psomadakis et al. 2015:177 [ref. 34104], Koeda et al. 2016:14 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:64 [ref. 35490], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:104 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:41 [ref. 36273], Nakae in Kimura et al. 2018:63 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:162 [ref. 36495], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:95 [ref. 36864], Fricke et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36673], Bariche & Fricke 2020:118 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:81 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2020:47 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:338 [ref. 37272], Golani 2021:32 [ref. 38303]). •Valid as Hemiramphus far (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:22 [ref. 30182], Kovačić et al. 2021:53 [ref. 39014], Collette 2022:359 [ref. 39718], Allen & Erdmann 2024:180 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus far (Fabricius 1775). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Mozambique Channel, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Philippines, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Korea and southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: brackish, marine.

fasciatus, Hemiramphus Bleeker [P.] 1853:89 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 16911] Lawajong, Solor Island, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1866.5.2.19. •Synonym of Hemiramphus marginatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parin 1973:269 [ref. 7191]). •Synonym of Hemiramphus lutkei Valenciennes 1847 -- (Parin et al. 1980:115 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:256 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:5 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus lutkei Valenciennes 1847. Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Hemirhamphus Poey [F.] 1860:299 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana Bay, Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 32934 (2). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:180 [ref. 22926]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Permanently invalid, preoccupied by Hemiramphus fasicatus Bleeker 1853. •Incertae sedis -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). 1°Homonym. Hemiramphidae.

filamentosus, Hemirhamphus Poey [F.] 1860:297 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Lectotype: MCZ 8775. Paralectotypes: MCZ 43030 [ex MCZ 8775] (2), USNM 4746 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:180 [ref. 22926], Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype selected by Collette 1965:226 [ref. 13343]. •Synonym of Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Collette 1965:225 [ref. 13343], Collette & Parin 1990:580 [ref. 16473], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus 1758). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

furcatus, Hemiramphus Philippi [R. A.] 1876:263 [Anales de la Universidad de Chile 48 (sec. 1); ref. 12724] Easter Island [southeastern Pacific]. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872) -- (Collette 1974:118 [ref. 12723]). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872), subspecies acutus -- (Collette 2004:6, 24 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

gaimardi, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:36 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] New Guinea. Lectotype: MNHN B-1058. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2638 [ex MNHN B-1058] (1), 0000-4590 (1), 0000-4591 (1). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:16 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype selected by Collette 1974:81 [ref. 12930]. •Valid as Hemiramphus gaimardi Valenciennes 1847 -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:58 [ref. 24860]). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus quoyi (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:78 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:86 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:281 [ref. 5998], Paxton et al. 1989:338 [ref. 12442], Collette 2004:10 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:736 [ref. 28994], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus quoyi (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gambarur, Esox Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:295, 313, Pl. 7 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Sea of Arabia and Brazil. No types known. •Validity uncertain; see Hyporhamphus gamberur, attributed to Rüppell 1837. •Suggested to regard as unavailable -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). Hemiramphidae.

gamberur, Hemiramphus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1837:74 [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Syntypes: RMNH 4342 (1); SMF 699 (1), both from Red Sea. RMNH 4342 was designated as neotype by Parin et al. (1980 [ref. 6895]), but that designation was set aside because of the existence of an additional syntype at SMF. •Valid as Hyporhamphus gamberur (Rüppell 1837) -- (Parin et al. 1980:73 [ref. 6895], Dor 1984:63 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Collette 2004:7 [ref. 27583], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:42 [ref. 36273], Collette 2022:367 [ref. 39718]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus gamberur (Rüppell 1837). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

georgii, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:37, Pl. 555 [not 521] [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Mumbai and Coromandel, India. Lectotype: MNHN B-1062. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-1061 (1). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:16 [ref. 22813] wrongly with a holotype and paratype. Lectotype selected by Kottelat 2013:292 [ref. 32989] and declared a nomen protectum. •Valid as Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:90 [ref. 12930], Collette 1976:90 [ref. 7107], Parin et al. 1980:108 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:287 [ref. 5998], Wu & Lu in Kuang et al. 1986:192 [ref. 26639] dated 1846, Paxton et al. 1989:339 [ref. 12442], Coad 1991:25 [ref. 15702], Wu & Zhong in Pan et al. 1991:332 [ref. 23876], Randall 1995:89 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:131 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:25 [ref. 26476] dated 1846, Collette 1999:2196 [ref. 24785], Mishra et al. 1999:84 [ref. 25315], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Collette 2004:13 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:738 [ref. 28994], Coad 2010:240 [ref. 36620], Larson et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:292 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:39 [ref. 33932], Ali et al. 2018:315 [ref. 36183], Nakae in Kimura et al. 2018:65 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:24 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 11 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:340 [ref. 37272], Collette 2022:371 [ref. 39718], Jamandre 2023:161 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

gernaerti, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:43 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] China; Macao. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4342 (1, primary specimen) Macao, B-1046 (1) Ogasawara Is. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:17 [ref. 22813] but with a holotype and paratype. •Valid as Hyporhamphus gernaerti (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin et al. 1980:45 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:258 [ref. 5998], Wu & Zhong in Pan et al. 1991:337 [ref. 23876], Collette 2004:7 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus gernaerti (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: coastal waters of continental China, Taiwan, and Korea. Habitat: marine.

gilli, Hyporhamphus Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1923:240, Pl. 17 (fig. 1) [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 15 (publ. 215); ref. 2963] Balboa, Canal Zone, (Pacific) Panama. Holotype: USNM 81736. Paratypes: USNM 79671-72 (13, 1), 81737 (2). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus gilli Meek & Hildebrand 1923 -- (Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410], Collette in Fischer et al. 1995:1180 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:190 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:263 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:111 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:212 [ref. 24550], Collette 2004:8 [ref. 27583], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:66 [ref. 37547], Miller 2006:204 [ref. 28615], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Banford 2010:347 [ref. 31088], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:95 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus gilli Meek & Hildebrand 1923. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to northern Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

gladius, Esox Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:295, 313, Pl. 7 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] East Indies and America. No types known. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:23-14 [ref. 22813]. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:119 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Forsskål 1775) -- (Collette 1974:38 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:133 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:254 [ref. 5998], Fricke 1999:118 [ref. 24106], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:290 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Fabricius 1775). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gorakhpurensis, Hemiramphus Srivastava [G. J.] 1967:93, Figured [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 64 (pt 1); ref. 19818] Maheshera Tal, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Holotype: ZSI F4203/2. Paratypes: ZSI F4204/2 (1); Zool. Mus. Univ. Gorakhpur, India (1). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin et al. 1980:17 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:270 [ref. 5998], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:734 [ref. 20764], Collette 2004:8 [ref. 27583], Shrestha 2008:203 [ref. 29923], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2024:35 [ref. 41040]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

guineensis, Hemiramphus Bleeker [P.] 1863:119, Pl. 25 (fig. 2) [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 18 (1862); ref. 395] Annonkor, Boutry, Guinea. Syntypes: RMNH 2823 (2). Original as guineënsis. •Synonym of Hemiramphus balao Lesueur 1821 -- (Collette 1965:221 [ref. 13343], Parin 1973:268 [ref. 7191], Collette & Parin 1990:580 [ref. 16473], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus balao Lesueur 1821. Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hildebrandi, Hyporhamphus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1927:503 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 16 (no. 15); ref. 2453] Fox Bay at Toro Point, Colón, (Atlantic) Panama. Lectotype: FMNH 8260. Paralectotypes: FMNH 8261-63 (1, 1, 1), 17406-08 (1, 1, 1); USNM 79662-64 (2, 2, 2), 82111 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:49 [ref. 12367], Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410]. Lectotype selected by Weed 1933:61 [ref. 6557]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus roberti (Valenciennes 1847), but a valid subspecies hildebrandi Jordan & Evermann 1927 -- (Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:91 [ref. 22947], Collette 2003:1143 [ref. 26981], Collette 2004:11 [ref. 27583], Smith et al. 2003:15 [ref. 27621] with date for subspecies as 1929, Matamoros et al. 2009:16 [ref. 31241], Collette & Bemis 2019:122 [ref. 37342]). •Valid as Hypohamphus hildebrandi Jordan & Evermann 1927. Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus hildebrandi Jordan & Evermann 1927. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: western Caribbean Sea (Colombia north to Quintana Roo, Mexico). Habitat: brackish, marine.

ihi, Hyporhamphus Phillipps [W. J.] 1932:230 [The New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 16393] Wellington, New Zealand. No types known. •Valid as Hyporhamphus ihi Phillipps 1932 -- (Collette 1974:75 [ref. 12930], Paulin et al. 1989:144 [ref. 24556], Collette 2004:8 [ref. 27583], Struthers 2015:967 [ref. 34261]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus ihi Phillipps 1932. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: New Zealand and Chatham Islands. Habitat: marine.

improvisus, Hemirhamphus Smith [J. L. B.] 1933:142, Pl. 11 (fig. 1); Fig. 1b [Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa v. 21 (pt 2); ref. 12731] Delagoa Bay, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAM 16368. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus delagoae (Barnard 1925) -- (Parin et al. 1980:40 [ref. 6895]). •Valid as Hyporhamphus improvisus (Smith 1933) -- (Collette 1982:720 [ref. 12729], Collette 1986;390 [ref. 5647], Collette 2004:8 [ref. 27583], Collette 2022:362 [ref. 39718]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus improvisus (Smith 1933). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) north to Quelimane (Mozambique). Habitat: marine.

intermedius, Hemirhamphus Cantor [T. E.] 1842:485 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 9 (nos 58, 59, 60); ref. 17344] Chusan Island, China. Lectotype: BMNH 1860.3.19.124. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1860.3.19.125 (5). Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype selected by Parin et al. 1980:50 [ref. 6895]. •Valid as Hemirhamphus intermedius Cantor 1842 -- (Cheng & Zhou 1997:225 [ref. 26385]). •Valid as Hyporhamphus intermedius (Cantor 1842) -- (Parin et al. 1980:50 [ref. 6895], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:79 [ref. 6441], Collette & Su 1986:261 [ref. 5998], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:424 [ref. 25598], Wu & Zhong in Pan et al. 1991:336 [ref. 23876], Yang & Chen 1995:108 [ref. 23555], Zhu 1995:163 [ref. 25213], Kim 1997:382 [ref. 24032], Nakabo 2000:550 [ref. 25086], Kim & Park 2002:304 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:550 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:224, 549 [ref. 26218], Collette 2004:8 [ref. 27583], Zhang et al. 2016:191 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:516 [ref. 36699], Sonoyama et al. 2020:39 [ref. 37637], Guo 2021:841 [ref. 38618], Chan et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40365]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus intermedius (Cantor 1842). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: southern China to Korea and Japan; also in lakes and rivers in China and Japan. Introduced in Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

japonicus, Hemiramphus Brevoort [J. C.] 1856:280 [28] [Notes on some figures of Japanese fish taken from recent specimens by the artists of the U. S. Japan Expedition. Pp. 253-288, Pls. 3-12 (color) In: M. C. Perry, Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan.; ref. 17284] Ryukyu Islands (Lew Chew), Japan. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. On p. 28 of separate. •Synonym of Hemiramphus lutkei Valenciennes 1847 -- (Parin et al. 1980:115 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:256 [ref. 5998] with question, Collette 2004:5 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus lutkei Valenciennes 1847. Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

knysnaensis, Hemirhamphus Smith [J. L. B.] 1933:144, Pls. 10 (fig. b), 11 (fig. 2), Fig. 1a [Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa v. 21 (pt 2); ref. 12731] Knysna, Cape Province, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 127 [ex AMG] (2), 137 [ex AMG] (1); ZMA 114582 (6), ? ZMA 114584 according to Parin et al. (1980:46 [ref. 6895]). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:69 [ref. 19236]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus capensis (Thominot 1886) -- (Parin et al. 1980:46 [ref. 6895], Collette 1986:163 [ref. 6197], Collette 1986:390 [ref. 5647], Collette 2004:7 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus capensis (Thominot 1886). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

kreftii, Hemiramphus Steindachner [F.] 1867:332 [26], Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 56 (1. Abth.); ref. 14188] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): NMW 5559. On p. 26 of separate. Species epithet should have been spelled "krefftii". •Synonym of Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:336 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866, but a valid subspecies kreftii (Steindachner 1867) -- (Collette 1974:34 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:97 [ref. 6895], Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471], Allen et al. 2002:121 [ref. 25930], Collette 2004:2, 25 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:733 [ref. 28994]). Current status: Synonym of Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866. Hemiramphidae. Habitat: freshwater.

kronei, Hyporhamphus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1915:Hemirhamphidae p. 3 [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 17; ref. 3711] Iguapé, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 1970. On p. 25 when continuously paginated. •Valid as Hyporhamphus kronei Miranda Ribeiro 1915 -- (Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:69 [ref. 27192]). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus roberti (Valenciennes 1847), subspecies roberti (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 2004:11 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus roberti (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

kurumeus, Hyporhamphus Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] 1903:534, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 26 (no. 1319); ref. 10663] Chikugo River, Kurume, Kiusiu Island, Japan. Holotype: CAS-SU 7126. Paratypes: ANSP 29486-99 [ex SU] (14); BMNH 1905.2.4.206-214 (11); CAS 44153 [ex IU 10648] (9); CAS-SU 7155 (22); USNM 50742 (13), 217417 (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:52 [ref. 12291], Böhlke 1984:102 [ref. 13621], Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Hemiramphus kurumeus (Jordan & Starks 1903) -- (Okada 1961:601 [ref. 6363], Zheng 1989:294 [ref. 21202] as Hemirhamphus, Zhuo in Ding 1994:497 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:163 [ref. 25213], Cheng & Zhou 1997:224 [ref. 26385] as Hemirhamphus). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus intermedius (Cantor 1842) -- (Parin et al. 1980:50 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:262 [ref. 5998], Kim 1997:573 [ref. 24032], Choi et al. 2003:549 [ref. 26218], Collette 2004:8 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus intermedius (Cantor 1842). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

laticeps, Hemirhamphus Günther [A.] 1866:267 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Fiji Islands. Lectotype: BMNH 1856.9.4.105. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1856.9.4.106-107 (3). Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype selected by Parin et al. 1980:83 [ref. 6895]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus dussumieri (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin et al. 1980:83 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:279 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:7 [ref. 27583], Randall 2005:84 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus dussumieri (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

leucopterus, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:48 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Mumbai, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-1065. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:17 [ref. 22813]. First revisor (Collette 1974:17) gave precedence ro H, georgii over H. leucopterus. •Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:90 [ref. 12930], Collette 1976:90 [ref. 7107], Parin et al. 1980:108 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:287 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:13 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:292 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

limbatus, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:44 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Malabar coast, India. Lectotype: MNHN B-1060. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-1059 (3), B-2637 [ex MNHN B-1060] (1), 0000-6325 (3). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:17 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype selected by Parin et al. 1980:17 [ref. 6895]. See Coad 1991:26 [ref. 15702]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin et al. 1980:17 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986;270 [ref. 5998], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:734 [ref. 20764], Wu & Zhong in Pan et al. 1991:338 [ref. 23876], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:177 [ref. 27969], Rainboth 1996:173 [ref. 22772], Rema Devi et al. 1996:138 [ref. 24021], Carpenter et al. 1997:130 [ref. 23922], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:241 [ref. 24754], Collette 1999:2191 [ref. 24785], Mishra et al. 1999:84 [ref. 25315], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Kottelat 2001:57 [ref. 25482], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:185 [ref. 25703], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Khan 2003:8 [ref. 27710], Ataur Rahman 2003:73 [ref. 31338], Collette 2004:8 [ref. 27583], Shrestha 2008:203 [ref. 29923], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:62 [ref. 34464], Psomadakis et al. 2015:178 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:315 [ref. 36183], Arunkumar & Manimekalan 2018:1739 [ref. 36172], Musikasinthorn in Kimura et al. 2018:64 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:164 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:23 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 11 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:339 [ref. 37272], Taki et al. 2021:332 [ref. 39830], Collette 2022:362 [ref. 39718], Endruweit 2024:35 [ref. 41040]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Vietnam and southern China. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

longirostris, Hemiramphus Cuvier [G.] 1829:286 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Vizagapatam, India. No types known. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:24 [ref. 22813]. Available from footnote as, "...Hemir. longirostris, N., ou kuddera C., Russel, 178." Types not extant (Collette & Su 1986:253 [ref. 5998]). •Valid as Euleptorhamphus longirostris (Cuvier 1829) -- (Bolin 1933:35 [ref. 41469], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:114 [ref. 9277]). •Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823) -- (Collette 1974:37 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:140 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:253 [ref. 5998], Collette 1986:389 [ref. 5647], Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583], Mundy 2005:291 [ref. 28379], Parin et al. 2014:195 [ref. 33547], Fricke et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

lucens, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:62 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Molucca Islands, Indonesia. No types known. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:24 [ref. 22813]. •Incertae sedis -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). Hemiramphidae.

lutkei, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:49 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Buru, Indonesia. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-4339. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2970 [ex MNHN 0000-4339] (1). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:17 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype selected by Parin et al. 1980:115 [ref. 6895]. •Synonym of Hemiramphus marginatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parin 1973:269 [ref. 7191]). •Valid as Hemiramphus lutkei Valenciennes 1847 -- (Parin et al. 1980:115 [ref. 6895], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:79 [ref. 6441], Collette & Su 1986:256 [ref. 5998], Myers 1999:76 [ref. 23965], Collette 1999:2188 [ref. 24785], Nakabo 2000:549 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:549 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:616 [ref. 27495] as Hemirhamphus and 1846, Collette 2004:5 [ref. 27583], Randall 2005:83 [ref. 28239], Motomura et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31256], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989], Motomura et al. 2017:64 [ref. 35490], Nakae in Kimura et al. 2018:64 [ref. 36460] as lutkeni, Psomadakis et al. 2020:338 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:39 [ref. 37637], Collette 2022:360 [ref. 39718]). Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus lutkei Valenciennes 1847. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (SouthAfrica), East Africa, Comoros and Madagascar east to Philippines and Samoa, north to Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

macrochirus, Hemirhamphus Poey [F.] 1860:299 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Lectotype: MCZ 693. Paralectotypes: ?USNM 4748 (specimen of H. brasiliensis and does not match original description). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype selected by Collette 1965:223 [ref. 13343]. •Synonym of Hemiramphus balao Lesueur 1821 -- (Collette 1965:221 [ref. 13343], Parin 1973:268 [ref. 7191], Collette & Parin 1990:580 [ref. 16473], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus balao Lesueur 1821. Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

macrorhynchus, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:55, Pl. 556 [not 522] [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Ellice Islands, about 100 miles east of Nukufetau Islands, Polynesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:24 [ref. 22813]. Holotype not found at MNHN by Collette & Su 1986:253 [ref. 5998]. •Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823) -- (Collette 1974:37 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:140 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:253 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

malabaricus, Rhynchorhamphus Collette [B. B.] 1976:84, Fig. 8b [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 7107] Myliddy near Kankesanturai, Sri Lanka. Holotype: USNM 214081. Paratypes: BMNH 1935.7.2.1-7 (12); CAS 33297 (2); FMRI uncat. (1); MCZ 50748 (1); USNM 213561 (1), 213563 (13), 213566 (1), 213834 (1), 213836-37 (8, 4), 214082 (15), 214937 (6, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:11 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Rhynchorhamphus malabaricus Collette 1976 -- (Parin et al. 1980:104 [ref. 6895], Collette et al. 1992:11 [ref. 19410], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Collette 2004:14 [ref. 27583], Collette 2022:372 [ref. 39718]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchorhamphus malabaricus Collette 1976. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Central Indian Ocean: southern third of the Indian peninsula. Habitat: marine.

marginatus, Esox Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:67, xiii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): ZMUC P342523 (dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:54 [ref. 9588] with ZMUC specimen as holotype. Holotype figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 35 [ref. 20847]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:22 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Hemiramphus marginatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parin 1973:268 [ref. 7191], Parin et al. 1980:132 [ref. 6895], Dor 1984:62 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:88 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:130 [ref. 23922], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Collette 2004:5 [ref. 27583], Fricke 2008:22 [ref. 30182], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989], Ali et al. 2018:315 [ref. 36183], Golani & Fricke 2018:42 [ref. 36273], Artüz & Fricke 2019:555 [ref. 36612], Eagderi et al. 2019:23 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 11 [ref. 38321], Collette 2022:360 [ref. 39718]). Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus marginatus (Forsskål 1775). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

marginatus, Hemiramphus Lesueur [C. A.] 1821:135 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 13274] Guadaloupe Island; Martinique Island, West Indies. No types known. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Hemiramphus by Esox marginatus Forsskål 1775. •Synonym of Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus 1758). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

marginatus, Hemiramphus Cuvier [G.] 1829:286 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Sea of Arabia and Brazil. No types known. Available from footnote as, "H. marginatus, N., Lacép. V, vii, 2.[= Esox gambarur]". •Permanently invalid, preoccupied by Hemiramphus marginatus Lesueur 1821. •Incertae sedis -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). 1°Homonym. Hemiramphidae.

meeki, Hyporhamphus Banford [H. M.] & Collette [B. B.] 1993:371, Fig. 2A [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 106 (no. 2); ref. 20875] Morehead City, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 294369. Paratypes: USNM 51878 (1), 68368 (5), 90798 (1), 131146 (1), 132257 (4), 149969 (1), 187214 (2), 294377 (2), 294396 (1), 294426-27 (1, 1), 294435 (1), 294441 (1); VIMS 61 (21), 607 (7), 7873 (3); VIMS-CBL 173 (2), 1523 (11), 3571 (1). •Valid as Hyporhamphus meeki Banford & Collette 1993 -- (Murdy et al. 1997:120 [ref. 23144], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:961 [ref. 23897], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:213 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:178 [ref. 25013], Banford & Collette 2001:45 [ref. 25778], Collette in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:290 [ref. 26158], Gibson & Myers 2002:134 [ref. 26567], Collette 2003:1141 [ref. 26981], Collette 2004:8-9 [ref. 27583], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807], Banford 2010:347 [ref. 31088], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Collette & Bemis 2019:113 [ref. 37342], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus meeki Banford & Collette 1993. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Brunswick (Canada) south to Florida (U.S.A.), and Gulf of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

melanochir, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:41 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Port Western, Victoria, Australia. Lectotype: MNHN B-1066. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2636 [ex MNHN B-1066] (2). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:17 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype selected by Collette 1974:71 [ref. 12930]. The species epithet was spelled as malanochir on p. 41 but as melanochir in the table on p. xi. The latter spelling has been adopted by subsequent authors (e.g. Collette 1974 [ref. 12930]). •Valid as Hyporhamphus melanochir (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:69 [ref. 12930], Paxton et al. 1989:337 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:64 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:389 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:52 [ref. 25488], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Collette 2004:9 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:736 [ref. 28994], Gomon 2008:407 [ref. 30616], Hoschke et al. 2019:154 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus melanochir (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: southern Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

melanopterus, Hyporhamphus (Hyporhamphus) Collette [B. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 1978:738, Fig. 2a [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 91 (no. 3); ref. 8943] Sandakan Harbor, northern Borneo. Holotype: USNM 218363. Paratypes: BMNH 1866.5.2.17 (1); FMNH 51890 (2); KUMF (5, 2 lots); MCZ 54059 (1); RMNH 6955 (11), 12137 (?); SU 30753-54 (14, 2); UMMZ 191142 (1), 191502 (8), 191528 (2); USNM 137632 (2), 217450 (7), 227882 [ex KUMF] (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:49 [ref. 12367], Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus melanopterus Collette & Parin 1978 -- (Parin et al. 1980:36 [ref. 6895], Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410], Collette 1999:2195 [ref. 24785], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Collette 2004:9 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus melanopterus Collette & Parin 1978. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Malaysia, Gulf of Thailand, East Indies, and North Borneo. Habitat: marine.

melanurus, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:42 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-1057. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:18 [ref. 22813]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus quoyi (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:78 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:86 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:281 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:10 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus quoyi (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

meristocystis, Oxyporhamphus Parin [N. V.] 1961:391 [1], Fig. B [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 1 (no. 3 [20]); ref. 2993] Solomon Sea, Molucca Islands, Vityaz station 3663, 6°15'S, 153°44'E, surface. Holotype: ZIN 36805 (159 mm SL). Paratypes: ZIN 36805a (1). On p. 1 of English translation. •Synonym of Oxyporhamphus convexus (Weber & de Beaufort 1922), subspecies convexus (Weber & de Beaufort 1922) -- (Parin et al. 1980:157 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:285 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:13, 26 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Oxyporhamphus convexus (Weber & de Beaufort 1922). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

mexicanus, Hyporhamphus Álvarez [J.] 1959:71 [Ciencia (Mexico City) v. 19 (nos 4-5); ref. 11974] Rancho San Carlos, Río Coatzacoalcos, Palomares, Oaxaca, Mexico. Holotype (unique): PNCB 403. •Valid as Hyporhamphus mexicanus Álvarez 1959 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:32 [ref. 22290], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:211 [ref. 24550], Collette in Reis et al. 2003:589 [ref. 27061], Collette 2004:9 [ref. 27583], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807], Miller 2006:205 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:10 [ref. 30398], Banford 2010:347 [ref. 31088], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Collette & Bemis 2019:117 [ref. 37342], Barrientos et al. 2023:274 [ref. 41235], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505], Quintana 2024:7 [ref. 41186]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus mexicanus Álvarez 1959. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Southern North America, Central America: Usumacinta River drainage and Coatzacoalcos River, draining into Gulf of Campeche Bay, Gulf of Mexico (Guatemala and Mexico). Habitat: freshwater.

micropterus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:127, Pl. 563 [not 529] [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] King George Sound, Western Australia. Lectotype: MNHN A-9925. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-3408 to 3409 (1, 1), B-0840 (1). Type catalog: Bruun 1937:186 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:20 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype established by Bruun 1937:186 [ref. 12982]. •Valid as Oxyporhamphus micropterus (Valenciennes 1847), subspecies micropterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin et al. 1980:149 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:286 [ref. 5998], Collette 1999:2196 [ref. 24785], Nakabo 2000:552 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:552 [ref. 26001], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Collette 2004:13, 26 [ref. 27583], Mundy 2005:290 [ref. 28379], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31256], Yoshida et al. 2013:61 [ref. 34464], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Collette 2022:370 [ref. 39718]). •Valid as Oxyporhamphus micropterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Collette 1986:391 [ref. 5647], Robins & Ray 1986:103 [ref. 23100], Paxton et al. 1989:339 [ref. 12442], Boschung 1992:83 [ref. 23239], Allen & Robertson 1994:89 [ref. 22193], Collette in Fischer et al. 1995:1181 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:88 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:178 [ref. 27969], Allen & Robertson 1997:821 [ref. 41086], De, La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:190 [ref. 24545] as micorpterus, Grove & Lavenberg 1997:264 [ref. 24023], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:963 [ref. 23897], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:113 [ref. 24555], Fricke 1999:120 [ref. 24106], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:154 [ref. 27754], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:69 [ref. 27192], Lobel & Lobel 2004:69 [ref. 27576] as Oxyporhampus, Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Paxton et al. 2006:737 [ref. 28994], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2014:39 [ref. 33932], Struthers 2015:968 [ref. 34261], Fricke et al. 2018:105 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36673], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38945], Love et al. 2021:95 [ref. 39279], Collette 2022:370 [ref. 39718], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Carvalho-Filho 2023:90 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:150 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Oxyporhamphus micropterus (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) south to northeastern Brazil; Indo-Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia, New Zealand region and Tonga; eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Belone Basilewsky [S.] 1855:260 [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] "Mari provinciam Shandun'ensem alluente", China. No types at ZIN. •Incertae sedis in Hemiramphidae -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). Hemiramphidae.

mioprorus, Hemiramphus Jordan [D. S.] & Dickerson [M. C.] 1908:111, Fig. [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 34 (no. 1602); ref. 10568] Nagasaki, Japan. Holotype (unique): USNM 61053. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:8 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus quoyi (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette & Su 1986:281 [ref. 5998], Parin et al. 1980:87 [ref. 6895], Choi et al. 2003:549 [ref. 26218] as micropterus, Collette 2004:10 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus quoyi (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

moar, Hemiramphus Montrouzier [X.] 1857:483 [205] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 205 of reprint. •Incertae sedis -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). Hemiramphidae.

mocquardianus, Hemiramphus Thominot [A.] 1886:165 [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 10; ref. 17904] Source of Pursat River, near Lake Tonlé Sap, Cambodia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1886-0002. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:18 [ref. 22813]. •Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Forsskål 1775) -- (Collette 1974:39 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:134 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:254 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:290 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Fabricius 1775). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

naga, Rhynchorhamphus Collette [B. B.] 1976:87, Fig. 9a [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 7107] Gulf of Thailand, 7°46'N, 103°40'E. Holotype: USNM 214085. Paratypes: BMNH 1975.7.2.1-2 [ex USNM 214083] (1, 1); CAS 32346-47 (1, 2), 32349 (1), 32351-62 (5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), 79539 (17, missing); KUMF (1 lot); MCZ (1 lot), Mar. Fish. Lab. Bangkok (1 lot); UMMZ 171809 (2), 198783 (2); USNM (orig. 59 spec. in 5 lots; now 53 in 4 lots); ZMUC (1 lot); ZSI (1 lot). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:11 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Rhynchorhamphus naga Collette 1976 -- (Parin et al. 1980:110 [ref. 6895], Collette et al. 1992:11 [ref. 19410], Collette 1999:2196 [ref. 24785], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Collette 2004:14 [ref. 27583], Behera et al. 2022:534 [ref. 40016]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchorhamphus naga Collette 1976. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: southwest coast of India east to Philippines, north to Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea. Habitat: marine.

naos, Hyporhamphus Banford [H. M.] & Collette [B. B.] 2001:41, Fig. 1 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 49 (Suppl. 1); ref. 25778] Punta Chame, Gulf of Panama. Holotype: USNM 361382. Paratypes: CAS 6223 (2), 6886 (3), 16490 (4), 72862-63 (9, 10); SIO 50-252 (5), H52-349 (5), 63-477 (25); CAS-SU 56833 (10); USNM 29175 (10), 54521(4), 79667 (4), 82071 (3), 188879-81 (20, 12, 7), 266358 (5), 361383 (2). •Valid as Hyporhamphus naos Banford & Collette 2001 -- (Collette 2003:1142 [ref. 26981], Collette 2004:9 [ref. 27583], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:66 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Banford 2010:347 [ref. 31088], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Palacios-Salgado et al. 2014:236 [ref. 36362], Kells et al. 2016:118 [ref. 35888], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35859], González-Murcia et al. 2019:296 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:95 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus naos Banford & Collette 2001. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: brackish, marine.

neglectissimus, Hyporhamphus (Hyporhamphus) Parin [N. V.], Collette [B. B.] & Shcherbachev [Yu. N.] 1980:34, Fig. 5 [Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova = Transactions of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology v. 97; ref. 6895] Port Lae, New Guinea. Holotype: ZIN 44886. Paratypes: AMS I.21077-001 (1), USNM 220502 (2). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus neglectissimus Parin, Collette & Shcherbachev 1980 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:338 [ref. 12442], Larson & Williams 1997:350 [ref. 23967], Collette 1999:2195 [ref. 24785], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Collette 2004:9 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:736 [ref. 28994], Larson et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus neglectissimus Parin, Collette & Shcherbachev 1980. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Australia and southern Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

neglectus, Hemirhamphus Day [F.] 1870:526 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 (pt 3) (art. 7) (for 11 Nov. 1869); ref. 18819] Calcutta bazar, India; Myanmar. Syntypes: (many) ZSI A.620-621 (23), A.623 (9). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:158 [ref. 23762]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. The specimens in the Museum are labelled "H. ectuntio, H. B. •Incertae sedis -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). •Synonym of Zenarchopterus ectuntio (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:296 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus ectuntio (Hamilton 1822). Hemiramphidae.

neglectus, Hemirhamphus Bleeker [P.] 1866:157 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 3; ref. 419] East Indies (no specific locality). Lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.18. Paralectotypes: RMNH 6951 (3). Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype selected by Collette 1974:59 [ref. 12930]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus neglectus (Bleeker 1866) -- (Collette 1974:58 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:31 [ref. 6895], Kottelat et al. 1993:86 [ref. 23448], Collette 1999:2195 [ref. 24785], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Collette 2004:9 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus neglectus (Bleeker 1866). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines, Borneo and East Indies. Habitat: marine.

normani, Loligorhamphus Whitley [G. P.] 1931:105, Pl. 12 (figs. 2-3) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 4673] Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS IA.2319. •Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:90 [ref. 12930], Collette 1976:91 [ref. 7107], Parin et al. 1980:108 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:288 [ref. 5998], Paxton et al. 1989:339 [ref. 12442], Collette 2004:14 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:738 [ref. 28994], Kottelat 2013:292 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

obesus, Hemirhamphus Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:64 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:24 [ref. 22813]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parin et al. 1980:134 [ref. 6895] with question, Collette & Su 1986:254 [ref. 5998], Collette 1986:389 [ref. 5647], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:290 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus far (Fabricius 1775). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

occidentalis, Hemirhamphus balinensis var. Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1922:153 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 4; ref. 4598] Pulu Babi, western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: (7) ZMA. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Incertae sedis -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). Hemiramphidae.

occipitalis, Hemirhamphus Gill [T. N.] 1859:148 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 1762] Japan. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Synonym of Hemiramphus sajori Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Okada 1961:598 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus intermedius (Cantor 1842) -- (Collette & Su 1986:262 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:8 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus intermedius (Cantor 1842). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pacificus, Hemirhamphus Steindachner [F.] 1900:177 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 37 (no. 16) (for 21 June 1900); ref. 20498] Laysan Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): UMB (not found). Type catalog: Wahlert 1955:326 [ref. 21527]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Species later described in detail in Steindachner 1900:511 [29] [ref. 14892] (on p. 29 of separate). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus acutus (Günther 1872), but a valid subspecies -- (Collette 1974:120 [ref. 12723], Parin et al. 1980:92 [ref. 6895], Collette 2004:6, 26 [ref. 27583], Mundy 2005:292 [ref. 28379]). •Valid as Hyporhamphus pacificus (Steindachner 1900). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus pacificus (Steindachner 1900). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

patris, Hyporhamphus Miller [R. R.] 1945:187, Pl. 11 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 96 (no. 3195); ref. 13149] Río del Fuerte, 1/2 mile up river from El Fuerte, Sinaloa, Mexico. Holotype: USNM 129956. Paratypes: UMMZ 146266 [ex USNM 129957] (2), USNM 129957 (13, now 11). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus rosae (Jordan & Gilbert 1880) -- (Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410], Collette 2004:11 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus rosae (Jordan & Gilbert 1880). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

paucirastris, Hyporhamphus (Hyporhamphus) Collette [B. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 1978:742, Fig. 2b [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 91 (no. 3); ref. 8943] San-Tu, Fukien Province, China. Holotype: ANSP 84959. Paratypes: ZIN 8396 (2), 36925 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:102 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus paucirastris Collette & Parin 1978 -- (Parin et al. 1980:43 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:272 [ref. 5998], Wu & Zhong in Pan et al. 1991:335 [ref. 23876], Collette 2004:10 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus paucirastris Collette & Parin 1978. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: South China Sea. Habitat: marine.

peitaihoensis, Hemirhamphus van Dam [A. J.] 1926:342 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 18 (no. 106); ref. 17874] Peitaiho, China. Lectotype: ZMA 109165. Paralectotypes: ZMA 115293 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:69 [ref. 19236]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype selected by Parin et al. 1980:45 [ref. 6895]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus gernaerti (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin et al. 1980:45 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:258 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:7 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus gernaerti (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

picarti, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:25 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] [Bône] Annaba, Algeria; Algiers, Algeria, western Mediterranean Sea. Lectotype: MNHN B-1069. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1996-0135 [ex MNHN B-1069] (3). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:18 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype selected by Collette 1965:230 [ref. 13343]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus picarti (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1965:228 [ref. 13343], Parin 1973:269 [ref. 7191], Collette 1986:163 [ref. 6197], Collette & Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:622 [ref. 13676], Collette & Parin 1990:581 [ref. 16473], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:580 [ref. 21590] as Hyporamphus, Poll & Gosse 1995:99 [ref. 24781], Afonso et al. 1999:83 [ref. 25466], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:61 [ref. 26753] dated 1846, Falcón et al. 2003:145 [ref. 39343], Collette 2004:10 [ref. 27583], Golani 2005:29 [ref. 37112], Wirtz et al. 2007:27 [ref. 30263], Banford 2010:347 [ref. 31088], Collette 2016:2162 [ref. 34601], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:95 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:139 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:42 [ref. 37515], Golani 2021:32 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:53 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:269 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus picarti (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Gibraltar and Morocco south to Angola, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

pleii, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:21 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Martinique Island, West Indies. Lectotype: MNHN B-1050. Paralectotypes: MNHN B.1048 (1), B.1049 (1), B.1051 (1). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:18 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype selected by Collette 1965:223 [ref. 13343]. •Synonym of Hemiramphus balao Lesueur 1821 -- (Collette 1965:221 [ref. 13343], Parin 1973:268 [ref. 7191], Collette & Parin 1990:579 [ref. 16473], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus balao Lesueur 1821. Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

plumatus, Hemirhamphus Blyth [E.] 1858:288 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 476] Sri Lanka. Lectotype: ZSI 625 (184 mm SL). Paralectotypes: ZSI 625 (1). Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype selected by Collette 1976:92 [ref. 7107]. •Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1976:90 [ref. 7107], Parin et al. 1980:108 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:287 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:14 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:292 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

poeyi, Hemirhamphus Günther [A.] (ex Poey) 1866:262 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Havana, Cuba. No types known. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Based on Hemirhamphus fasciatus of Poey (not Bleeker). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani 1841) -- (Collette 2004:12 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani 1841). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

quoyi, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:35 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Port Dorey, New Guinea. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-1068. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:18 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus quoyi (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:78 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:86 [ref. 6895], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:79 [ref. 6441], Collette & Su 1986:281 [ref. 5998], Wu & Lu in Kuang et al. 1986:196 [ref. 26639] with authors as Cuvier & Valenciennes, date as 1846, Allen & Swainston 1988:40 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:338 [ref. 12442], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:424 [ref. 25598], Kottelat et al. 1993:86 [ref. 23448], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:177 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:64 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:350 [ref. 23967], Collette 1999:2190 [ref. 24785], Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:551 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:162 [ref. 27511] dated 1775, Sakai et al. 2001:90 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:551 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:224, 549 [ref. 26218], Collette 2004:10 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:736 [ref. 28994], Shibukawa 2009:49 [ref. 30449] in subgenus Reporhamphus, Larson et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:63 [ref. 34464], Shibukawa in Kimura et al. 2018:65 [ref. 36460], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 11 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:340 [ref. 37272], Collette 2022:368 [ref. 39718], Jamandre 2023:161 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus quoyi (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India and Sri Lanka east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

regularis, Hemirhamphus Günther [A.] 1866:261 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Western Australia. Lectotype: BMNH 1843.5.19.91. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1847.4.21.77-81 (5), 1846.10.22.55-56 (2). Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype established by Whitley 1931:314 [ref. 4672]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus regularis (Günther 1866) -- (Collette 1974:45, 53 [ref. 12930], Paxton et al. 1989:338 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:390 [ref. 22532], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Collette 2004:10 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:737 [ref. 28994], Gomon 2008:407 [ref. 30616]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus regularis (Günther 1866). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Australia. Two subspecies: regularis from South Australia and Western Australia and ardelio from eastern Australia (Queensland south to Victoria). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

reynaldi, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:39 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Trincomalee, Sri Lanka; Calcutta, India. Syntypes: MNHN B-1064 (2) Sri Lanka, A-7631 (1) Calcutta. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:18-19 [ref. 22813]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus dussumieri (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:86 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:83 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:279 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:7 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus dussumieri (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

richardi, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:26 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] St. Croix, Virgin Islands, Antilles. Lectotype: MNHN B-1072. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-4341 (1), B-1070 (2), B-1071 (1). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:19 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype selected by Collette in Collette et al. 1997:19 [ref. 22813]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani 1841) -- (Collette 2004:12 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani 1841). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

roberti, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:24 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Cayenne, French Guiana. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-5634. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-3204 (1), B-1073 (2). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:19 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype selected by Collette in Collette et al. 1997:19 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus roberti (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Cervigón 1991:223 [ref. 24472], Cervigón 1992:338 [ref. 23827], La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:190 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:262 [ref. 24023], Aguilera 1998:47 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:214 [ref. 24550], Marín 2000:69 [ref. 26252], Camargo & Isaac 2001:139 [ref. 27639] as Linnaeus 1758, Collette 2003:1143 [ref. 26981] with two subspecies, Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:69 [ref. 27192] dated 1846, Collette 2004:10 [ref. 27583], Miller 2006:205 [ref. 28615], Matamoros et al. 2009:15 [ref. 31241] with subspecies, Banford 2010:347 [ref. 31088], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:998 [ref. 33194], Marceniuk et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Collette & Bemis 2019:119 [ref. 37342], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:311 [ref. 38945], Angulo et al. 2023:65 [ref. 40676], Barrientos et al. 2023:274 [ref. 41235], Carvalho-Filho 2023:90 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505], Vieira et al. 2023:16 [ref. 40759]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus roberti (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Nicaragua to southeastern Brazil, including southern Caribbean Sea. Replaced in western Caribbean Sea by Hypohamphus hildebrandi Jordan & Evermann 1927. Habitat: brackish, marine.

robustus, Hemirhamphus Günther [A.] 1866:270 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Long Island, Hogan Group, Tasmania, Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 2012.11.10.5. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Valid as Hemiramphus robustus Günther 1866 -- (Parin et al. 1980:137 [ref. 6895], Wu & Lu in Kuang et al. 1986:195 [ref. 26639], Allen & Swainston 1988:40 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:337 [ref. 12442], Zhu 1995:163 [ref. 25213], Allen 1997:64 [ref. 23977], Collette 1999:2193 [ref. 24785], Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Collette 2004:5 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:735 [ref. 28994], Larson et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989], Hoschke et al. 2019:154 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus robustus Günther 1866. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: tropical Australia south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), southern Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

rosae, Hemirhamphus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1880:335 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 164); ref. 10590] San Diego, California, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 24917. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-3267 (1), USNM 26790 (5). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410], Collette et al. 1997:19 [ref. 22813]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype selected by Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410], Collette et al. 1997:19 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus rosae (Jordan & Gilbert 1880) -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:115 [ref. 9277], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:31 [ref. 22290], Swift et al. 1993:131 [ref. 22379], Collette in Fischer et al. 1995:1181 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:189 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:260 [ref. 24023], De la Cruz-Agüero & Cota-Gómez 1998:356 [ref. 23520], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:113 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:212 [ref. 24550], Collette 2004:11 [ref. 27583], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:66 [ref. 37547], Miller 2006:206 [ref. 28615], Banford 2010:347 [ref. 31088], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:117 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:403 [ref. 34894], Kells et al. 2016:118 [ref. 35888], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35859], Walker et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37499], Love et al. 2021:95 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus rosae (Jordan & Gilbert 1880). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

rossica, Dermatogenys Gratzianov [V. I.] 1907:243, 244 [Trudy Otdela Ichtiologii Imperatorskago Russkago Obshchestva Akklimatizacii Zivotnych' i Rastenii. v. 4; ref. 1871] Vladivostok, Russia [in error]. Holotype (unique): ZIN (not present in 1996). •Incertae sedis -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). Hemiramphidae.

russeli, Hemiramphus van Hasselt [J. C.] 1823:131 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Named for Russell (misspelled as Russel), here not considered as an inadvertent error, therefore spelling russelii retained. Kottelat (2013:292) declared this a nomen oblitum. •In the synonymy of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Kottelat 2013:292 [ref. 32989]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

russeli, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:32 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Puducherry, India. Lectotype: MNHN B-1067 (poor condition). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:19-20 [ref. 22813]. with a holotype. Lectotype selected by Kottelat 2013:292 [ref. 32989]. Hemiramphus russeli Valenciennes 1847 is a junior homonym of H. russelii Cuvier 1823. Named for Russell (misspelled as Russel), an inadvertent error that must be corrected, Code Art. 32.5.1. •Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette 1974:90 [ref. 12930], Collette 1976:90 [ref. 7107], Parin et al. 1980:108 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:287 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:13 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:292 [ref. 32989]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

russelii, Hemiramphus Cuvier [G.] in van Hasselt 1823:131 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Vizagapatam, India; Java, Indonesia. Apparently available as above, name based in part on Russell 1803:61, Pl. 177 [ref. 13862]. Also in van Hasselt 1824:374 [ref. 5964]. Hemiramphus russeli Valenciennes 1847 is a junior homonym of H. russelii Cuvier 1823. •Incertae sedis -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). Hemiramphidae.

sajori, Hemiramphus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:246, Pl. 110 (fig. 2) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Nagasaki Bay, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2822a. Paralectotypes: RMNH 2822b (1). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:180 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Hemiramphus sajori Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Okada 1961:598 [ref. 6363], Cheng & Zhou 1997:223 [ref. 26385] as Hamirhamphus). •Valid as Hyporhamphus sajori (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Berg 1949:941 [ref. 20662], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:79 [ref. 6441], Collette & Su 1986:273 [ref. 5998], Zhu 1995:163 [ref. 25213], Kim 1997:383 [ref. 24032], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:746 [ref. 24702], Sokolov 1998:108 [ref. 23571], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670], Nakabo 2000:550 [ref. 25086], Lee et al. 2001:69 [ref. 25337], Kolpakov & Barabanshchikov 2001:423 [ref. 25413], Shimizu 2001:23 [ref. 25799], Wang et al. 2001:191 [ref. 26566], Kim & Park 2002:306 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:550 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:224, 549 [ref. 26218], Collette 2004:11 [ref. 27583], Parin et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33547], Yu et al. 2016:1 [ref. 34810], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:56 [ref. 35138], Kwun et al. 2017:141 [ref. 37287], Kim et al. 2020:81 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:40 [ref. 37637], Dyldin et al. 2021:45 [ref. 38804]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus sajori (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: China to Korea and Japan. Habitat: brackish, marine.

saltator, Hemirhamphus Gilbert [C. H.] & Starks [E. C.] 1904:53, Pl. 9 (fig. 16) [Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences v. 4; ref. 1639] Panama Bay, (Pacific) Panama. Holotype: CAS-SU 6806. Paratypes: (7) BMNH 1903.5.15.303-304 (2), CAS-SU 12807 (1), USNM 50446 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:51 [ref. 12291], Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Valid as Hemiramphus saltator Gilbert & Starks 1904 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:115 [ref. 9277], Pequeño 1989:50 [ref. 14125], Collette et al. 1992:9 [ref. 19410], Allen & Robertson 1994:89 [ref. 22193], Collette in Fischer et al. 1995:1178 [ref. 22829], Franke & Acero P. 1996:764 [ref. 22923], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:188 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:263 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:111 [ref. 24555], Collette 2004:5 [ref. 27583], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:66 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2021:95 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:185 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus saltator Gilbert & Starks 1904. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to northern Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

salvatoris, Hyporhamphus Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1923:9 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 63 (no. 2488); ref. 1474] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): USNM 83286. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus roberti (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410], Collette 2004:11 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus roberti (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

samoensis, Hyporhamphus Steindachner [F.] 1906:1418 [50] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 115 (1. Abth.); ref. 4242] Upolu Island, Samoa. Syntypes: (2) NMW 84639 (3). On p. 50 of separate. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus dussumieri (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin et al. 1980:83 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:279 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:7 [ref. 27583], Randall 2005:84 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus dussumieri (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

schlegeli, Hemiramphus Bleeker [P.] 1863:120, Pl. 25 (fig. 1) [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 18 (1862); ref. 395] Ghana. Syntypes: RMNH 2828 (9). •Synonym of Hyporhamphus picarti (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:269 [ref. 7191], Collette 1986:163 [ref. 6197], Collette & Parin 1990:581 [ref. 16473]). •Synonym of Hyporamphus picarti (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:580 [ref. 21590], Collette 2004:10 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus picarti (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

sclerolepis, Arrhamphus Günther [A.] 1866:277 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Australia [originally as "? New Zealand"]. Lectotype: BMNH 1862.11.15.127. Paralectotypes: BMNH 2015.9.22.1 (1, poor condition). Lectotype selected by Collette 1974:33 [ref. 12930]. •Valid as Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866 -- (Collette 1974:24, 32 [ref. 12930], Allen & Swainston 1988:40 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:336 [ref. 12442], Allen 1991:69 [ref. 21090], Allen 1997:64 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:349 [ref. 23967], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Morgan et al. 2011:12 [ref. 31262], Larson et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866, subspecies sclerolepis Günther 1866 -- (Parin et al. 1980:95 [ref. 6895], Collette 1999:2193 [ref. 24785], Allen et al. 2002:121 [ref. 25930], Collette 2004:2, 27 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:733 [ref. 28994], Pusey et al. 2017:30 [ref. 35250] as Arramphus). Current status: Valid as Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Australia and Papua New Guinea. The subspecies sclerolepis occurs from northern Australia to southern Papua New Guinea, and the subspecies kreffti in eastern and southeastern Australia. Habitat: freshwater.

similis, Oxyporhamphus micropterus Bruun [A. F.] 1935:17, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Dana Report No. 6; ref. 5130] Atlantic. Holotype: ZMUC 345 (apparently lost). Paratypes: ZMUC 3 (1), 13 (1), 229-233 (5), 529-531 (3), 959-963 (5), 1134 (1), P34223-27 (5). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:54 [ref. 9588]. Holotype established in caption to Pl. 1. •Synonym of Oxyporhamphus micropterus (Valenciennes 1847), but a valid subspecies similis Bruun 1935 as described -- (Collette & Parin 1990:581 [ref. 16473], Monteiro et al. 1998:400 [ref. 23732], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:174 [ref. 25013], Collette et al. 2003:102 [ref. 26784], Collette 2003:1144 [ref. 26981], Collette 2004:13, 27 [ref. 27583], Collette 2016:2163 [ref. 34601], Collette & Bemis 2019:127 [ref. 37342]). •Valid as Oxyporhamphus similis Bruun 1935 -- (Wirtz et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32972], Fermon et al. 2022:269 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Oxyporhamphus similis Bruun 1935. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands. Habitat: marine.

sindensis, Hemirhamphus Regan [C. T.] 1905:318 [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 16; ref. 15386] Karachi, Pakistan. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1898.11.18.48. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. See Coad 1991:26 [ref. 15702]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus sindensis (Regan 1905) -- (Parin et al. 1980:37 [ref. 6895], Randall 1995:89 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:130 [ref. 23922], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Collette 2004:11 [ref. 27583], Psomadakis et al. 2015:178 [ref. 34104], Eagderi et al. 2019:23 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:66 [ref. 36871], Collette 2022:363 [ref. 39718], Zajonz et al. 2022:60 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus sindensis (Regan 1905). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Socotra (Yemen) and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan and southwest coast of India. Habitat: marine.

sinensis, Hemirhamphus Günther [A.] 1866:265 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] China. Lectotype: BMNH 1851.12.27.224. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1851.12.27.224 (1). Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Lectotype selected by Parin et al. 1980:18 [ref. 6895]. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin et al. 1980:17 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:270 [ref. 5998], Kottelat 2001:57 [ref. 25482], Collette 2004:8 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2024:35 [ref. 41040]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

snyderi, Hyporhamphus Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1923:240, Pl. 17 (fig. 2) [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 15 (publ. 215); ref. 2963] Balboa, Panama Bay, (Pacific) Panama. Holotype: USNM 81760. Paratypes: FMNH 8264 (2); USNM 79673-76 (1, 3, 2, 1), 81759 (9), 81760 (1), 82070 (27). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:49 [ref. 12367], Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus snyderi Meek & Hildebrand 1923 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:40 [ref. 37559], Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410], Collette in Fischer et al. 1995:1181 [ref. 22829], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:260 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:113 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:213 [ref. 24550], Banford & Collette 2001:45 [ref. 25778], Collette 2004:11 [ref. 27583], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:66 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Banford 2010:347 [ref. 31088], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:117 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:403 [ref. 34894], González-Murcia et al. 2019:296 [ref. 36544], Barrientos et al. 2023:274 [ref. 41235], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus snyderi Meek & Hildebrand 1923. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to northern Peru, including Malpelo Island (Colombia) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

taiwanensis, Hyporhamphus (Hyporhamphus) Collette [B. B.] & Su [J.-X.] 1986:276, Fig. 2D [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 138; ref. 5998] Keelung River, Shih-lin, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan. Holotype: USNM 191155. Paratypes: AMNH 20324 (4); NTUM 05650 (1); USNM 278991 (6); ZUMT 45441-43 (3), 37434 (1). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410], Ho & Shao 2011:39 [ref. 31432]. Probably extinct (Ho & Shao 2011:39 [ref. 31432]). •Valid as Hyporhamphus taiwanensis Collette & Su 1986 -- (Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410], Collette 2004:11 [ref. 27583], Ho & Shao 2011:39 [ref. 31432]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus taiwanensis Collette & Su 1986. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater.

tricuspidatus, Hyporhamphus Gill [T. N.] 1859:131 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 1759] Barbados, West Indies. Syntypes: (2) USNM 3407 (1). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410] with a holotype. Two specimens were included in the original description. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani 1841) -- (Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410], Collette 2004:12 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani 1841). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

tridentifer, Hemiramphus Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1231 [249] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Sea of Penang, Malaysia. Syntypes: BMNH 1860.3.19.487-488 (2, skins). On p. 249 of separate. •Synonym of Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin et al. 1980:17 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:270 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:8 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2024:35 [ref. 41040]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

trilineatus, Hemiramphus Steindachner [F.] 1866:53 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 20460] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): NMW 5560. An overlooked available name apparently appearing slightly earlier in the abstract for ref. 4210; corresponds to Hyporhamphus australis (Steindachner 1866) [ref. 4210]. See account of Hyporamphus australis. •In the synonymy of Hyporhamphus australis (Steindachner 1866) -- (Collette 2004:6 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hyporhamphus australis (Steindachner 1866). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

tweediei, Hemiramphus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1936:6, Pl. 2 [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 12; ref. 10994] Selat Paoe, near Singapore, Malaysia. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 30979. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:51 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823) -- (Collette 1974:37 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:140 [ref. 6895], Collette & Su 1986:253 [ref. 5998], Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

unicuspis, Hyporhamphus (Hyporhamphus) Collette [B. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 1978:743, Fig. 2c [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 91 (no. 3); ref. 8943] Southern tip of Ko Talibong, Thailand, 7°11'60"N, 99°22'05"E. Holotype: USNM 218364. Paratypes: USNM 218361 (2), 218365 (4); ZIN 44499 (1); ZSI F1538/2 (1), F2311/2 (1). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus unicuspis Collette & Parin 1978 -- (Parin et al. 1980:48 [ref. 6895], Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410], Randall 1995:89 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:131 [ref. 23922], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Collette 2004:12 [ref. 27583], Ali et al. 2018:315 [ref. 36183], Eagderi et al. 2019:23 [ref. 37020], Collette 2022:364 [ref. 39718]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus unicuspis Collette & Parin 1978. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. Habitat: marine.

unifasciatus, Hemiranphus Ranzani [C.] 1841:63 [Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali e rendiconto dei lavori dell'Accademia della Scienze dell'Instituto di Bologna con appendice agraria. Bologna Anno III, Tomo V; ref. 24074] Brazilian seas. Holotype (unique): MZUB 932. The original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. Also appeared in more detail in Ranzani 1842:326, Pl. 25 [ref. 18607]. See also Boschung 1992:83 [ref. 23239]. •Valid as Hemirhamphus unifasciatus Ranzani 1841 -- (Herrera 1896:35 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani 1841) -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:115 [ref. 9277], Robins & Ray 1986:102 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:310 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:127 [ref. 14674], Cervigón 1991:221 [ref. 24472], Cervigón 1992:339 [ref. 23827], Banford & Collette 1993:377 [ref. 20875], Allen & Robertson 1994:89 [ref. 22193], Collette in Fischer et al. 1995:1179 [ref. 22829], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:92 [ref. 22947], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:190 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:261 [ref. 24023], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:962 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:47 [ref. 24221], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:111 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:210 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:176 [ref. 25013], Marín 2000:69 [ref. 26252], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:154 [ref. 27754], Banford & Collette 2001:45 [ref. 25778], Camargo & Isaac 2001:139 [ref. 27639] dated 1840, Gibson & Myers 2002:134 [ref. 26567], López et al. 2002:64 [ref. 26808], Collette 2003:1142 [ref. 26981], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:69 [ref. 27192] dating to 1842, Collette 2004:12 [ref. 27583], Smith et al. 2003:15 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807] dating to 1842, Matamoros et al. 2009:16 [ref. 31241], García-Hernández et al. 2009:92 [ref. 37265], Banford 2010:345 [ref. 31088] dated to 1842, Banford 2010:347 [ref. 31088], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], McMahan et al. 2013:446 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:170 [ref. 32953], Kottelat 2013:291 [ref. 32989], Palacios-Salgado et al. 2014:236 [ref. 36362], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:32 [ref. 33341], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:402 [ref. 34894], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565] with author as Ranzani 1842, Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 11 [ref. 38321], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38945], Koerber et al. 2022:79 [ref. 39235], Angulo et al. 2023:65 [ref. 40676], Carvalho-Filho 2023:90 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:150 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani 1841). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: South Carolina (U.S.A.) south to northern Argentina, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

velox, Euleptorhamphus Poey [F.] 1868:383 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3505] Cuba. Holotype (unique): MCZ 8779. Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:180 [ref. 22926], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35195]. •Synonym of Hemirhamphus viridis van Hasselt 1823 -- (Parin 1964 [ref. 9515]). •Valid as Euleptorhamphus velox Poey 1868 -- (Collette 1965:218 [ref. 13343], Robins & Ray 1986:102 [ref. 23100], Collette & Parin 1990:579 [ref. 16473], Cervigón 1991:219 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:83 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:337 [ref. 23827], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:958 [ref. 23897], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:175 [ref. 25013], Collette et al. 2003:103 [ref. 26784], Collette 2003:1143 [ref. 26981], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Collette 2016:2163 [ref. 34601], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35195], Collette & Bemis 2019:96 [ref. 37342], Reiner 2019:138 [ref. 38139], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:308 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:268 [ref. 39448] possible, Carvalho-Filho 2023:90 [ref. 40480], Negro et al. 2023:70 [ref. 40347], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Euleptorhamphus velox Poey 1868. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Sierra Leone south to Nigeria, including Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

viridis, Hemiramphus van Hasselt [J. C.] 1823:131 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Vizagapatam, India; Java, Indonesia. No types known. Assumed to be based on Russell 1803 [ref. 12456]: Pl. 178, but this is not clear from translation (see Alfred 1961:84 [ref. 20553]). Lectotype selected by Fricke 1999:118 [ref. 24106] as the specimen figured in Russell's Pl. 178 (but no specimen is known). See Kottelat 1987:370 [ref. 5962]. Type material not extant (Collette & Su 1986:253 [ref. 5998]). •Valid as Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823) -- (Collette 1974:37 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:140 [ref. 6895], Sheiko 1983:18 [ref. 37041], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Dor 1984:61 [ref. 29757], Collette & Su 1986:253 [ref. 5998], Collette 1986:389 [ref. 5647], Allen & Swainston 1988:40 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:336 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:50 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:144 [ref. 24556], Francis 1993:159 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:89 [ref. 22193], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Collette in Fischer et al. 1995:1180 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:88 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:64 [ref. 23977], Allen & Robertson 1997:821 [ref. 41086], Chen et al. 1997:25 [ref. 26476], La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:190 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:262 [ref. 24023], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670], Fricke 1999:118 [ref. 24106], Collette 1999:2193 [ref. 24785], Randall 1999:8 [ref. 25829], Nakabo 2000:549 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:549 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495] as VanHasselt 1824, Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:66 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:291 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:734 [ref. 28994], Béarez & Séret 2009:146 [ref. 36646], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Larson et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32988], Parin et al. 2014:195 [ref. 33547], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:111 [ref. 36167], Struthers 2015:966 [ref. 34261], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668] with author as Van Hasselt, Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:118 [ref. 35888], Motomura et al. 2017:63 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:103 [ref. 35805] with author as Kaup 1858, Golani & Fricke 2018:41 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:154 [ref. 36626], Psomadakis et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37272], Love et al. 2021:95 [ref. 39279], Collette 2022:358 [ref. 39718], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: Eastern Cape and Kwaulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Easter Island (Chile), north to Russia and Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), New Caledonia and Kermadec Islands; eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Peru, including southern Gulf of California (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

vittatus, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] 1843:70 [Ichthyologie des îles Canaries v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 4502] Lancerote, Canary Islands. Holotype: MNHN B-2183 (dry). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:20 [ref. 22813]. •Synonym of Hemiramphus balao Lesueur 1821 -- (Parin 1973:268 [ref. 7191], Collette & Parin 1990:579 [ref. 16473], Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus balao Lesueur 1821. Hemiramphidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

welsbyi, Hemirhamphus Ogilby [J. D.] 1908:91 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 21; ref. 3287] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: QM I.1542 [ex AFAQ 648]. Paratypes: (7) CAS-SU 20191 (2), AMS I.12539 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:51 [ref. 12291]. Original genus is correctly Hemiramphus. •Synonym of Hemiramphus robustus Günther 1866 -- (Collette 1974:43 [ref. 12930], Parin et al. 1980:137 [ref. 6895], Paxton et al. 1989:337 [ref. 12442], Collette 2004:5 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:735 [ref. 28994]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus robustus Günther 1866. Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine.

xanthopterus, Hemiramphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:47 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Fresh waters of Alleppey [now Alappuzha], southeastern India. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:24 [ref. 22813]. Often misidentified as Hyporhamphus limbatus or Hyporhamphus picarti (Collette 1981:29 [ref. 12728]). •Valid as Hyporhamphus xanthopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin et al. 1980:41 [ref. 6895], Collette 1982 [ref. 12728], Dor 1984:63 [ref. 29757], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:735 [ref. 20764], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Collette 2004:12 [ref. 27583], Ali et al. 2018:315 [ref. 36183], Collette 2022:364 [ref. 39718]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus xanthopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: southwest coast of India east to Thailand. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

yuri, Hyporhamphus (Reporhamphus) Collette [B. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 1978:737, Fig. 1b [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 91 (no. 3); ref. 8943] Naha market, Okinawa, Japan. Holotype: USNM 218481. Paratypes: IOM uncat. (1), USNM 75494 (7). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:10 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Hyporhamphus yuri Collette & Parin 1978 -- (Parin et al. 1980:72 [ref. 6895], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:79 [ref. 6441], Collette & Su 1986:283 [ref. 5998], Nakabo 2000:551 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:551 [ref. 26001], Collette 2004:12 [ref. 27583], Matsunuma 2020:6 [ref. 38476]). Current status: Valid as Hyporhamphus yuri Collette & Parin 1978. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Okinawa north to Wakayama Prefecture (southern Japan). Habitat: marine.