Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Ostraciidae: [ 89 ] records

adersi, Ostracion von Bonde [C.] 1934:456, Pl. 23 (fig. 8) [Annals of the Natal Museum v. 7 (pt 3); ref. 16466] Shearwater Patches, north of Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean, depth 17 fathoms. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

agonus, Ostracion Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:40, 58 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Museum of Principe di Biscari, Catania (lost). •Incertae sedis in Ostraciidae -- (Parenti 2019:113 [ref. 37117] as Ostracidae). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

argus, Ostracion Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:502 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No types known. See Ostracion argus Rüppell 1828. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

argus, Ostracion Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1828:4, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 255 (1 of 2). Paralectotypes: SMF 6782 (1, dry), 27093 (1, dry). Also see Ostracion argus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Lectotype established by Dor 1984:282 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. •Synonym of Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Dor 1984:283 [ref. 29757]). •See Myers 1999:287 [ref. 23965]. •Synonym of Ostracion cubicum Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Ostracion cubicum Linnaeus 1758. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

auricauda, Ostracion Seale [A.] 1906:77, Fig. 21 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3999] Mangareva Island, Gambier Islands, Pacific. Holotype (unique): BPBM 808. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

bicaudalis, Ostracion Linnaeus [C.] 1758:330 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India. No types known. •Valid as Rhinesomus bicaudalis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Duron & Quéro 1990:1068 [ref. 19530], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:510 [ref. 24550], Matsuura 2003:1986 [ref. 27119], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:917 [ref. 28815], Wirtz et al. 2014:12 [ref. 33516]). •Valid as Lactophrys bicaudalis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:304 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:377 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1996:108 [ref. 24489], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:353 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:170 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:127 [ref. 26784], Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:70 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:184 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:190 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:87 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:160 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:78 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:73 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:282 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Lactophrys bicaudalis (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Georgia (U.S.A.) south to Bahia (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; southern-central Atlantic: ?Ascension Island. Habitat: marine.

bicuspis, Ostracion Blumenbach [J. F.] 1802:art. no. 58, Pl. 58 [Abbildungen Naturhistorischer Gegenstände; ref. 20850] China [Schina]. Syntypes: (2?) whereabouts unknown. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

bituberculatus, Ostracion Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:501 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Praslin, Seychelles. No types known. Based on "L'Ostracion deux-tubercules" of Lacepède 1798:459 [ref. 2708], which is based on the "Ostracion oblongus, quadrangularis, tuberculo cartilaginea supra & infra os..." of Commerson 1767-1771:III [320] [ref. 34154] which included a brief description and a drawning, the drawing lost. •Synonym of Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

bombifrons, Ostracion Hollard [H. L. G. M.] (ex Kaup) 1857:168 [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie) (Sér. 4) v. 7; ref. 18303] Syntypes: MNHN B-1723 (1) New Guinea, A-8439 (1) Puducherry, B-1724 (1) Indian seas. Type catalog: Le Danois 1961:277-278 [ref. 21439] with MNHN B.1723 as holotype. Based on specimens and literature sources. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

brevicornis, Ostracion Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1850:298, Pl. 130 (fig. 3) [Fauna Japonica Last part (15); ref. 4375] Nagasaki Bay, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 1471 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH D1468 (1, stuffed), ?D1469-1470 (2, stuffed), 3980a-e (5), ?3981 (1). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:213 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Lactoria diaphana (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Lindberg et al. 1997:111 [ref. 23547]). Current status: Synonym of Lactoria diaphana (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

bucephalus, Acanthostracion Whitley [G. P.] 1965:119 [Australian Zoologist v. 13 (pt 2); ref. 9267] Cooktown District, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: AMS IB.6355. •Valid as Acanthostracion bucephalus Whitley 1965 -- (Allen et al. 2006:1902 [ref. 29090] with comments on status). •Synonym of Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus 1758) (Keiichi Matsuura, pers. comm. 2014). Current status: Synonym of Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Australia [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

camelinus, Lactophrys DeKay [J. E.] 1842:341, Pl. 58 (fig. 190) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Long Island shore, New York, U.S.A. Holotype or syntypes: Cabinet of the Lyceum (whereabouts unknown). Family may be incorrect. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

camurum, Ostracion Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:396, Fig. 9 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 (1899); ref. 2340] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: CAS-SU 23301 (2), USNM 49697 (5, now 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:144 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Ostracion lentiginosus Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (authors). •Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796, but a valid subspecies -- (Myers 1999:287 [ref. 23965], Thomson et al. 2000:272 [ref. 25640], Mundy 2005:531 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796 -- (Randall 2005:641 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:486 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796. Ostraciidae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

chryseres, Ostracion Seale [A.] 1906:75, Fig. 20 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3999] Tubuai, Austral Islands [Tubuai Islands], French Polynesia. Holotype (unique): BPBM 772. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

chwakaensis, Ostracion von Bonde [C.] 1934:457, Pl. 23 (fig. 9) [Annals of the Natal Museum v. 7 (pt 3); ref. 16466] Chwaka, Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Heemstra 2022:448 [ref. 40260]). Current status: Synonym of Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

clippertonense, Ostracion Snodgrass [R. E.] & Heller [E.] 1905:410 [Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 6; ref. 12322] Clipperton Island, eastern Pacific. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 6426. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:144 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796, but a valid subspecies -- (Myers 1999:287 [ref. 23965], Mundy 2005:532 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796. Current status: Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

coelestinum, Acanthostracion Poey [F.] 2000:841, Pl. 484 (fig. 1) [Ictiologia Cubana. Posthumous transcription of original unpublished manuscript (1884) by M. Sánchez Roig and F. Gómez de la Maza v. 1-3; ref. 26366] Not available; not explicitly proposed as new [see Art. 16.1 of the Code]. Posthumous publication. Figured specimen listed as type. Ostraciidae.

concatenatus, Ostracion Bloch [M. E.] 1785:101, Pl. 131 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 1; ref. 4866] Antilles [erroneous, is Indo-West Pacific]. Holotype (unique): ZMB 6805 (1, stuffed). Non-types: ZMB 4207 (1, stuffed). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:108 [ref. 24282] with a holotype. On p. 108 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 4 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Rhinesomus concatenatus (Bloch 1785) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:297 [ref. 19754], Chen et al. 1997:184 [ref. 26476] with author and date as Bloch & Schneider 1801). •Valid as Lactoria concatenatus (Bloch 1785) -- (Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847]). •Valid as Tetrosomus concatenatus (Bloch 1785) -- (Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:362 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:635, 747 [ref. 8056], Smith 1986:893 [ref. 5712], Randall et al. 1990:471 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:168 [ref. 25479], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:621 [ref. 27969], Lindberg et al. 1997:113 [ref. 23547], Allen 1997:244 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:408 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:471 [ref. 25919], Fricke 1999:600 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:755 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:1414 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1414 [ref. 26193], Randall 2005:642 [ref. 28239], Shinohara et al. 2005:444 [ref. 28370], Fricke et al. 2009:120 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1085 [ref. 31980], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Fricke et al. 2018:383 [ref. 35805], Psomadakis et al. 2020:616 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Tetrosomus concatenatus (Bloch 1785). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

cornutus, Ostracion Linnaeus [C.] 1758:331 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India. ZMUC Linn. coll. GA-58. Syntypes: NRM 8784 (1), ZMUC GA-58. Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:276 [ref. 20707]. •Valid as Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:362 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:294 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:281 [ref. 29757], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:362 [ref. 6441], Smith 1986:891 [ref. 5712], Allen & Swainston 1988:154 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:467 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:413 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:168 [ref. 25479], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:302 [ref. 24014], Goren & Dor 1994:74 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:398 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:619 [ref. 27969], Cheng & Zhou 1997:475 [ref. 26385], Lindberg et al. 1997:107 [ref. 23547], Larson & Williams 1997:375 [ref. 23967], Allen 1997:244 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:184 [ref. 26476] as cornutus, Kuiter 1997:406 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:467 [ref. 25919], Anderson et al. 1998:29 [ref. 23611], Myers 1999:287 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:596 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:754 [ref. 25471], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1414 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:464 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:280 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:22 [ref. 25806], Matsuura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:322 [ref. 27511], Shimizu 2001:46 [ref. 25799], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3950 [ref. 26317], Nakabo 2002:1414 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:452, 695 [ref. 26218] as cornutus, Allen & Adrim 2003:65 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:650 [ref. 27495], Matsuura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:225 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:32 [ref. 27624], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:49 [ref. 27712], Adrim et al. 2004:127 [ref. 27715], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:448 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:639 [ref. 28239], Randall et al. 2005:131 [ref. 28745], Allen et al. 2006:1905 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2009:119 [ref. 30213], Matsuura 2009:332 [ref. 31171], Motomura et al. 2010:236 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1081 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:235 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:230 [ref. 34464], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Tyler et al. 2014:311 [ref. 34069], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:8 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:336 [ref. 34104], Behera et al. 2017:[2] 252 [ref. 41540], Motomura et al. 2017:235 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:382 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:180 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:25 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:329 [ref. 36673], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 30 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:201 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:614 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:129 [ref. 37637], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:299 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:448 [ref. 40260]). Current status: Valid as Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Southern Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to southern Korea, central Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Lord Howe Island (Australia). Habitat: marine.

cristatus, Ostracion Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Knorr) 1788:21 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Antilles. Holotype (unique): PSMC (whereabouts unknown). Based on Knorr 1754-1766:56, Pl. H1, fig. 3 [ref. 30227]. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

cubicus, Ostracion Linnaeus [C.] 1758:332 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India. No types known. Genus Ostracion is neuter; therefore species epithet (an adjective) must be cubicum. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:599 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Dor 1984:282 [ref. 29757], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:362 [ref. 6441], Smith 1986:892 [ref. 5712], Allen & Swainston 1988:154 [ref. 25477], Paulin et al. 1989:244 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:69 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:469 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:415 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:168 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:74 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:399 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:620 [ref. 27969], Lindberg et al. 1997:104 [ref. 23547], Allen 1997:244 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:238 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:408 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:469 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:287 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:597 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:754 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:94 [ref. 37268], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1416 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:464 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:281 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:22 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:124 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3950 [ref. 26317], Nakabo 2002:1416 [ref. 26193], Itoh et al. 2002:144 [ref. 26531], Allen & Adrim 2003:65 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:650 [ref. 27495], Matsuura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:225 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:78 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:32 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3332 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:640 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:531 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1906 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:485 [ref. 30952], Fricke 2008:58 [ref. 30182], Fricke et al. 2009:119 [ref. 30213], Matsuura 2009:333 [ref. 31171], Motomura et al. 2010:236 [ref. 31256], Bariche 2011:181 [ref. 41525], Caratini & Soriano 2011:79 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1082 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:235 [ref. 32988], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Fricke et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:8 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:119 [ref. 36167], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1728 [ref. 34322], Koeda et al. 2016:113 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:18 [ref. 35354], Motomura et al. 2017:235 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:346 [ref. 36183], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[22] 260 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:383 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:180 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:25 [ref. 36883], Eagderi et al. 2019:136 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:330 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:102 [ref. 36871], Bariche & Fricke 2020:148 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 30 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:201 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:614 [ref. 37272], Badreddine & Bitar 2021:20 [ref. 38744], Golani 2021:88 [ref. 38303] as cubucus, Fricke et al. 2024:82 [ref. 41255], Luo et al. 2024:10 [ref. 41630]). •Valid as Ostracion cubicum Linnaeus 1758 -- (Sonoyama et al. 2020:129 [ref. 37637], Kovačić et al. 2021:63 [ref. 39014], Matsuura in Motomura et al. 2021:77 [ref. 38121], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:299 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:450 [ref. 40260]). Current status: Valid as Ostracion cubicum Linnaeus 1758. Ostraciidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos), Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) and Persian Gulf east to Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to Korea, central Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Lord Howe Island (Australia), northern New Zealand, Kermadec Islands and Rapa (French Polynesia); straying to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.); eastern Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea migrant). Habitat: marine.

cubitus, Ostracion Linnaeus [C.] 1766:410 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Incorrect subsequent spelling of Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus 1758. •In the synonymy of Ostracion cubicum Linnaeus 1758. Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Ostracion cubicum Linnaeus 1758. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

cyanurus, Ostracion Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1828:4, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Al Muwaylih, Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 285. Paralectotypes: SMF 291 (1), 7839 (1). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:282 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. •Valid as Ostracion cyanurus Rüppell 1828 -- (Dor 1984:282 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:74 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:399 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:239 [ref. 23922], Myers 1999:287 [ref. 23965], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Golani & Fricke 2018:180 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:137 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:102 [ref. 36871], Heemstra 2022:450 [ref. 40260]). Current status: Valid as Ostracion cyanurus Rüppell 1828. Ostraciidae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Socotra, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

derhamii, Lactophrys Anonymous 1853:42 [Annual Report of the Regents of the University, on the condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, ...; ref. 27375] On the shore of Long Island, New York, U.S.A. Holotype (unique) (?): whereabouts unknown. Proposed conditionally but as a valid species, not in synonymy. The same description also appeared later in Anonymous 1853:17 [ref. 27328]. Ostraciidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

dexteri, Ostracion Seale [A.] 1906:75, Fig. 7 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3999] Bellingshausen Island, Society Islands. Holotype (unique): BPBM 1526. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

diaphanus, Ostracion Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:501 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality stated [East Indies/Indonesia]. Holotype (unique): ZMB 6815 (stuffed). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:109 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Ostracion diaphanum Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Bolin 1933:35 [ref. 41469], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:296 [ref. 9277]). •Valid as Lactoria diaphana (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:362 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:633, 746 [ref. 8056], Smith 1986:892 [ref. 5712], Allen & Swainston 1988:154 [ref. 25477], Paulin et al. 1989:244 [ref. 24556], Pequeño 1989:77 [ref. 14125] as diaphanus, Randall et al. 1990:468 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:414 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:168 [ref. 25479], Lindberg et al. 1997:110 [ref. 23547], Allen 1997:244 [ref. 23977], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:640 [ref. 24023] [but see McCosker 1998:810 [ref. 24025]], Kuiter 1997:406 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:468 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:287 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:597 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:754 [ref. 25471], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1415 [ref. 25182], Thomson et al. 2000:272 [ref. 25640], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3950 [ref. 26317], Nakabo 2002:1415 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:65 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:650 [ref. 27495], Parin 2003:S34 [ref. 28536], Randall et al. 2004:32 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:184 [ref. 27807], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:447 [ref. 28072], Love et al. 2005:180 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:639 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:530 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1906 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:484 [ref. 30952], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:195 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:236 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1081 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:190 [ref. 32708], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Parin et al. 2014:552 [ref. 33547], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:119 [ref. 36167], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1727 [ref. 34322], Fourriére et al. 2016:451 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:612 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:340 [ref. 35888], Motomura et al. 2017:235 [ref. 35490], Kim et al. 2020:201 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:614 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:129 [ref. 37637], Love et al. 2021:224 [ref. 39279], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:299 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:448 [ref. 40260], Page et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Lactoria diaphana (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: Namibia south to Cape of Good Hope (South Africa); Indo-Pacific: Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Cook Islands, north to Korea, Russia and central Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), Norfolk Island (Australia) and Kermadec Islands (New Zealand), northern New Zealand and Tonga; Easter Island; eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Chile, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

expansum, Ostracium Cope [E. D.] 1871:474, Figs. 9-10 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 14 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 920] Unknown locality. Syntypes: ANSP 722 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:136 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

fissum, Cibotium Cope [E. D.] 1871:475 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 14 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 920] Locality unknown, probably Indian or Pacific. Holotype (unique): ANSP 17325 (dry specimen). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:136 [ref. 13621]. Correct spelling of genus is Cibotion. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

fornasini, Ostracion Bianconi [G. G.] 1846:115, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2) [Nuovi Annali delle Scienze naturali Bologna (Ser. 2) v. 5; ref. 16815] Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MZUB 131. Also appeared as new in Bianconi 1850:175, 177 [ref. 26451], Bianconi 1850:7 [ref. 295] as fornasinii and Bianconi 1855:151 [ref. 26452] with figure, and in Bianconi 1869:215 [ref. 26457] (in addenda et corrigenda). Sometimes spelled fornasinii by Bianconi but original spelling was fornasini. •Valid as Lactoria fornasini (Bianconi 1846) -- (Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:362 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:633, 746 [ref. 8056], Smith 1986:892 [ref. 5712], Allen & Swainston 1988:154 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:468 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:414 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:168 [ref. 25479], Lindberg et al. 1997:107 [ref. 23547], Kuiter 1997:406 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:468 [ref. 25919], Anderson et al. 1998:29 [ref. 23611], Allen 1997:246 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:287 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:597 [ref. 24106] as fornasinii, Johnson 1999:754 [ref. 25471], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1415 [ref. 25182], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3949 [ref. 26317], Nakabo 2002:1415 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:65 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:650 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:639 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:531 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1906 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:484 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:236 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1082 [ref. 31980], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Fricke et al. 2018:382 [ref. 35805], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:299 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:448 [ref. 40260]). Current status: Valid as Lactoria fornasini (Bianconi 1846). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: Western Cape (South Africa); Indo-West Pacific: Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Madagascar, Mascarenes (Mauritius) and Maldives east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to southern Japan, south to Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

fuscomaculata, Lactoria von Bonde [C.] 1923:38, Pl. 9 (fig. 1) [Report Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa Rep. 3 (art. 1); ref. 521] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, Pickle stations 179 and 189, depth 25-27 fathoms. Syntypes: (several). Species mistakenly labelled "fuscolineata" on plate. •Synonym of Lactoria fornasini (Bianconi 1846) -- (Smith 1986:892 [ref. 5712]). Current status: Synonym of Lactoria fornasini (Bianconi 1846). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

galeodon, Lactoria Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:487, Fig. 34 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50717. •Synonym of Lactoria fornasini (Bianconi 1846) -- (Mundy 2005:531 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Lactoria fornasini (Bianconi 1846). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

gibbosus, Ostracion Linnaeus [C.] 1758:332 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India. No types known. •Valid as Rhinesomus gibbosus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:296 [ref. 19754], Chen et al. 1997:184 [ref. 26476]). •Valid as Lactoria gibbosus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847]). •Valid as Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Dor 1984:282 [ref. 29757], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:362 [ref. 6441], Smith 1986:893 [ref. 5712], Allen & Swainston 1988:154 [ref. 25477], Spanier & Goren 1988:797 [ref. 11882], Randall et al. 1990:471 [ref. 15987], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:236 [ref. 24016], Goren & Dor 1994:74 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:400 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:621 [ref. 27969], Matsuura & Tyler 1997:197 [ref. 23219] with genus as Tetrasomus, Lindberg et al. 1997:113 [ref. 23547], Allen 1997:244 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:239 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:408 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:471 [ref. 25919], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Fricke 1999:601 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:755 [ref. 25471], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1414 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:465 [ref. 25191], Matsuura 2001:3951 [ref. 26317], Nakabo 2002:1414 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:65 [ref. 26830] with genus as Tetrasomus, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:50 [ref. 27712], Golani 2005:64 [ref. 37112], Randall 2005:642 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1908 [ref. 29090], Fricke 2008:58 [ref. 30182], Matsuura 2009:333 [ref. 31171], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1085 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:235 [ref. 32988], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:433 [ref. 33460], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Psomadakis et al. 2015:335 [ref. 34104], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[22] 260 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:384 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:181 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:137 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 30 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:616 [ref. 37272], Golani 2021:89 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:63 [ref. 39014], Mary et al. 2021:396 [ref. 38693],, Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:299 [ref. 41223] Heemstra 2022:452 [ref. 40260]). Current status: Valid as Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Australia and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

guineensis, Ostracion (Acanthostracion) Bleeker [P.] 1865:302 [5] [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 2; ref. 17040] Guinea. No types known. Original as guineënsis. On p. 5 of separate. Acanthostracion is neuter, therefore the species epithet should be guineense. •Valid as Acanthostracion guineensis (Bleeker 1865) -- (Tyler 1965:264 [ref. 39940], Duron & Quéro 1990:1067 [ref. 19530], Afonso et al. 1999:87 [ref. 25466], Wirtz et al. 2007:42 [ref. 30263], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Matsuura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:3065 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:307 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:307 [ref. 39448]). •Valid as Acanthostracion guineense (Bleeker 1865). Current status: Valid as Acanthostracion guineense (Bleeker 1865). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Guinea south to Gabon, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

heteronotus, Ostracion Poey [F.] 2000:848, Pl. 494 (fig. 2) [Ictiologia Cubana. Posthumous transcription of original unpublished manuscript (1884) by M. Sánchez Roig and F. Gómez de la Maza v. 1-3; ref. 26366] Not available; not explicitly proposed as new [see Art. 16.1 of the Code]. Posthumous publication. Figured specimen listed as type. Ostraciidae.

horridus, Ostracion Desjardins [J.] 1836:64 [Rapport Annuel sur les travaux de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Ile Maurice No. 7; ref. 17400] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. For comments on authorship see Monod 1976:21 [ref. 30339]. •Synonym of Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Fricke 1999:596 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Synonym of Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

immaculatus, Ostracion Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1850:296 [Fauna Japonica Last part (15); ref. 4375] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D1497 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH D1494-1496 (3, stuffed), 3982 (2). Genus Ostracion is neuter; therefore species epithet (an adjective) must be immaculatum. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:212 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Ostracion immaculatus Temminck & Schlegel 1850 -- (Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:362 [ref. 6441], Lindberg et al. 1997:103 [ref. 23547], Myers 1999:287 [ref. 23965], Nakabo 2000:1416 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:282 [ref. 25480], Shinohara et al. 2000:184 [ref. 25987], Nakabo 2002:1416 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:452, 695 [ref. 26218], Itoh et al. 2002:144 [ref. 26531], Shao et al. 2008:266 [ref. 29952], Motomura et al. 2010:236 [ref. 31256], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Motomura et al. 2015:30 [ref. 34709], Kim et al. 2020:201 [ref. 39118]). •Valid as Ostracion immaculatum Temminck & Schlegel 1850 -- (Sonoyama et al. 2020:129 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Ostracion immaculatum Temminck & Schlegel 1850. Ostraciidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

japonicus, Ostracion nasutus Tilesius [W. G. von] 1809:233, Pl. 15 [Mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 2 (art. 20); ref. 4406] Japan. No types known. As Ostracion nasutus on Pl. 15. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

larvatus, Ostracion Curtiss [A.] 1938:132 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

lentiginosus, Ostracion Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:501 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Around Francicam Island, India. No types known. •Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796 -- (Mishra 1994:187 [ref. 24012], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:642 [ref. 24023], Randall 2005:641 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:531 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:486 [ref. 30952], Heemstra 2022:450 [ref. 40260]). Current status: Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

levior, Paracanthostracion lindsayi Whitley [G. P.] 1933:105 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 4677] Lord Howe Island. Holotype: AMS I.5184. •Synonym of Paracanthostracion lindsayi (Phillips 1932). Current status: Synonym of Paracanthostracion lindsayi (Phillipps 1932). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

lindsayi, Ostracion Phillipps [W. J.] 1932:233, Fig. 4 [The New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 16393] Otago, New Zealand. Holotype (unique): NMNZ P.1006. Type catalog: Hardy 1990:14 [ref. 18942]. •Valid as Paracanthostracion lindsayi (Phillipps 1932). Current status: Valid as Paracanthostracion lindsayi (Phillipps 1932). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific off New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

lumbospinnis, Ostracion Valenciennes [A.] in Hollard 1857:148 [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie) (Sér. 4) v. 7; ref. 18303] Puducherry, India and St. Helena. Syntypes: MNHN A-8431 to 8332 (1, 1), B-1662 (1). Type catalog: Le Danois 1961:278 [ref. 21439]. Minimal characterization, as a variety; not treated as valid (character might be a sexual one); tentatively regarded as unavailable by us. Ostraciidae.

maculatus, Ostracion Hollard [H. L. G. M.] 1857:149 [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie) (Sér. 4) v. 7; ref. 18303] West Indies. Syntypes: MNHN A-1051 (1) St. Thomas, A-8429 (1) Beaupertuis, A-8434 (1), B-1655 (1), B-1656 (1), B-1663 (1) Haiti, B-1664 (1), B-1665 (3). Type catalog: Le Danois 1961:277 [ref. 21439] with MNHN A.1051 as holotype. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Ostracion maculatus Quoy & Gaimard 1824. •In the synonymy of Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tyler 1965:3 [ref. 39939]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

maculatus, Ostracion Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:218 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-1751. Type catalog: Le Danois 1961:276-277 [ref. 21439]. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

meleagris, Ostracion Shaw [G.] in Shaw & Nodder 1796:no page number, Pl. 253 [The Naturalist's Miscellany; ref. 4013] Southern Ocean [South Pacific]. Syntypes: BMNH 2020.10.2.2-4 (3). •Valid as Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796, subspecies meleagris Shaw 1796 -- (Nakabo 2000:1415 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1415 [ref. 26193], Itoh et al. 2002:144 [ref. 26531], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:650 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:32 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3332 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:449 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:641 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1907 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:486 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:120 [ref. 30213], Matsuura 2009:333 [ref. 31171]). •Valid as Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796 -- (Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:362 [ref. 6441], Smith 1986:892 [ref. 5712], Allen & Swainston 1988:154 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:69 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:469 [ref. 15987], Francis & Randall 1993:125 [ref. 20996], Kuiter 1993:415 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:168 [ref. 25479], Mishra 1994:187 [ref. 24012], Allen & Robertson 1994:299 [ref. 22193], Allen 1997:244 [ref. 23977], Allen & Robertson 1997:835 [ref. 41086], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:641 [ref. 24023], Kuiter 1997:408 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:469 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:287 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:599 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:754 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:30 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:94 [ref. 37268], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:465 [ref. 25191], Thomson et al. 2000:272 [ref. 25640], Randall & Earle 2000:22 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:124 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3949 [ref. 26317] with authors as Shaw & Nedder [sic], Allen & Adrim 2003:65 [ref. 26830], Lobel & Lobel 2004:78 [ref. 27576], Béarez et al. 2004:131 [ref. 27826], Nelson et al. 2004:184 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:180 [ref. 37547], Béarez & Séret 2009:152 [ref. 36646], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:195 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:237 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:80 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1083 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:190 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:272 [ref. 32706], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Fricke et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:8 [ref. 33988] with authorship as Bloch & Schneider 1801, Galván-Villa et al. 2016:150 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:451 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:612 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:113 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:18 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:383 [ref. 35805], Reyes-Bonilla et al. 2018:4 [ref. 36357], Fricke et al. 2019:330 [ref. 36673], Psomadakis et al. 2020:615 [ref. 37272], Love et al. 2021:224 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326], Heemstra 2022:450 [ref. 40260], Page et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40981], Luo et al. 2024:10 [ref. 41630], Noushad K. et al. 2024:46 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796. Ostraciidae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrgues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Great Barrier Reef (Australia), New Caledonia and Rapa (French Polynesia); eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Panama, including Clipperton island (France) and Galapagos Islands (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

mexicanum, Ostracion sebae Fowler [H. W.] 1944:366, Fig. 268 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Acapulco, Mexico. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70283. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:136 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796. Current status: Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

nasus, Ostracion Bloch [M. E.] 1785:118, Pl. 138 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 1; ref. 4866] Nile River mouth, Egypt, eastern Mediterranean Sea (probably erroneous). Lectotype: ZMB 6804 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: ZMB 6808 (1, stuffed). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:109 [ref. 24282]. On p. 121 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 4 [ref. 21381]. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:109 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Rhynchostracion nasus (Bloch 1785) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:298 [ref. 19754] as Phynchostracion, Allen & Swainston 1988:154 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:470 [ref. 15987], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:620 [ref. 27969], Larson & Williams 1997:375 [ref. 23967], Lindberg et al. 1997:103 [ref. 23547], Allen 1997:244 [ref. 23977], Allen et al. 2006:1907 [ref. 29090], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 30 [ref. 38321]). •Valid as Ostracion nasus Bloch 1785 -- (Myers 1999:288 [ref. 23965], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3949 [ref. 26317], Allen & Adrim 2003:65 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1083 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:235 [ref. 32988], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Matsuura in Kimura et al. 2015:104 [ref. 34319], Psomadakis et al. 2020:615 [ref. 37272], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:299 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:451 [ref. 40260], Vilasri et al. 2023:100 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Ostracion nasus Bloch 1785. Ostraciidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh and Myanmar east to Indonesia and Palau, north to Philippines, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

notacanthus, Ostracion Bleeker [P.] 1863:21 [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 18 (1862); ref. 395] St. Helena Island, South Atlantic (15°58'S, 5°43'W). Holotype (unique): RMNH D2771. •Valid as Acanthostracion notacanthus (Bleeker 1863) -- (Tyler 1965:262 [ref. 39940], Tortonese 1973:644 [ref. 7192], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:1340 [ref. 13677], Edwards & Glass 1987:669 [ref. 9166], Duron & Quéro 1990:1067 [ref. 19530], Santos et al. 1997:114 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:122 [ref. 24952], Afonso et al. 1999:81 [ref. 25466], Wirtz et al. 2014:12 [ref. 33516], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Matsuura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:3065 [ref. 34618], Brown et al. 2019:182 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:226 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:308 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:307 [ref. 39448] possible). Current status: Valid as Acanthostracion notacanthus (Bleeker 1863). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island and Saint Helena; eastern Atlantic: Ghana south ton Angola, including Azores (Portugal), São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

oahuensis, Ostracion Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1903:200 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2450] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50668. Paratypes: CAS-SU 7478 (1), ?23301 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:144 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796 -- (Mundy 2005:531 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

oblongus, Ostracion Commerson [P.] in Lacepède 1798:459 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 1; ref. 2708] Appeared as "Ostracion oblongus, quadrincularis...."; regarded as non-binominal and not available. See ICZN Opinion 89. Ostraciidae.

ornatus, Ostracion Hollard [H. L. G. M.] (ex Guichenot) 1857:166 [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie) (Sér. 4) v. 7; ref. 18303] Marquesas Islands. Syntypes: MNHN -1729 (1) Marquesas, B-1730 (1), B-1731 (1). Type catalog: Le Danois 1961:277 [ref. 21439] with B.1729 as holotype. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Ostracion (Aracana) ornata Gray 1838, replaced by Ostracion whitleyi Fowler 1931. •Synonym of Ostracion whitleyi Fowler 1931. 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Ostracion whitleyi Fowler 1931. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

oviceps, Ostracion Kaup [J. J.] 1855:218 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 21 (pt. 1); ref. 2571] Syntypes: BMNH 1837.11.12.7 (1, stuffed), 1842.12.10.132 (1, stuffed), 1842.12.10.133 (1, stuffed), 2020.10.2.1 (1, stuffed). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

paschae, Ostracion Rendahl [H.] 1921:67 [The Natural History of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 15329] Easter Island, southeastern Pacific. Holotype (unique): ?NRM 10999. •Synonym of Ostracion diaphanus Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Fowler 1931:366 [ref. 16277]). •Valid as Lactoria paschae (Rendahl 1921) -- (Pequeño 1989:77 [ref. 14125]). •See Randall 2007:484 [ref. 30952]. •Synonym of Lactoria diaphana (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Current status: Synonym of Lactoria diaphana (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Easter Island [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

pentacanthus, Ostracion Bleeker [P.] 1857:98 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 2 (art. 7); ref. 356] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: (4) BMNH 2004.8.4.2 (1). •Synonym of Lactoria diaphana (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Current status: Synonym of Lactoria diaphana (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

pentacornis, Ostracion Bennett [F. D.] 1840:266 [Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe v. 2; ref. 260] Pacific (far from land), greatest abundance: 27°N. No types known. •Uncertain in genus Lactoria Jordan & Fowler 1902. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

polygonius, Acanthostracion Poey [F.] 1876:217 [175] [Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Madrid v. 5 (for 5 Apr. 1876); ref. 3510] Cuba. No types known. On p. 175 of separate. Acanthostracion is neuter, therefore the species epithet should be polygonium. •Valid as Lactophrys polygonia (Poey 1876) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:304 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:377 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1996:109 [ref. 24489]). •Valid as Acanthostracion polygonia Poey 1876 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:184 [ref. 27807]). •Valid as Acanthostracion polygonius Poey 1876 -- (Tyler 1965:5 [ref. 39939], Tyler 1965:263 [ref. 39940], Díaz de Astarloa & Fugueroa 1995:466 [ref. 22174] as poligonius, Aguilera 1998:53 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:352 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:170 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:992 [ref. 25909], Collette et al. 2003:127 [ref. 26784], Matsuura 2003:1983 [ref. 27119], Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:70 [ref. 27621], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:914 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:190 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:87 [ref. 33341], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Pinheiro et al. 2015:35 [ref. 34324], Nión et al. 2016:56 [ref. 35565] as Acanthostracyon poligonius, Robertson et al. 2020:160 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:78 [ref. 38844], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:687 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:73 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:281 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). •Valid as Acanthostracion polygonium Poey 1876 -- (Page et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Acanthostracion polygonium Poey 1876. Ostraciidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Jersey (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

proboscideus, Ostracion Bleeker [P.] 1865:31 [12] [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 3; ref. 17043] On p. 12 of separate. Not available, museum name mentioned in the synonymy of Ostracion (Ostracion) rhinorhynchus. Nomen Nudum. Ostraciidae.

pulul, Ostracion Montrouzier [X.] 1857:497 [219] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. Described with question, but available. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

punctatus, Ostracion Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Commerson & Lacepède) 1801:501 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Based on Lacepède 1798:455, Pl. 21 (fig. 1). Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:600 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796 -- (Mishra 1994:187 [ref. 24012], Fricke 1999:599 [ref. 24106], Mundy 2005:531 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

pyxis, Triorus Whitley [G. P.] 1930:29 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 4671] Cottesloe, near Perth, Western Australia. Holotype: AMS IA.974. Paratypes: AMS IA.975 (1). •Synonym of Tetrosomus reipublicae (Whitley 1930) -- (Allen et al. 2006:1908 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Tetrosomus reipublicae (Whitley 1930). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

quadricornis, Ostracion Linnaeus [C.] 1758:331 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India (in error). No types known. •Valid as Ostracium quadricornis Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:73 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Lactophrys quadricornis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:304 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:182 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:377 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1996:110 [ref. 24489]). •Valid as Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tyler 1965:2 [ref. 39939], Tyler 1965:263 [ref. 39940], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:473 [ref. 14275], Smith 1986:891 [ref. 5712], Díaz de Astarloa & Fugueroa 1995:466 [ref. 22174], Aguilera 1998:53 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:509 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:352 [ref. 25013], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2000:401 [ref. 24427], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:170 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1647 [ref. 25634], Camargo & Isaac 2001:146 [ref. 27639], Matsuura 2003:1984 [ref. 27119], Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:70 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:184 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:915 [ref. 28815], García-Hernández et al. 2009:94 [ref. 37265], Page et al. 2013:190 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:87 [ref. 33341], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Lins Oliveira et al. 2015:188 [ref. 37485], Pinheiro et al. 2015:35 [ref. 34324], Carneiro et al. 2019:226 [ref. 37250], Robertson et al. 2020:160 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:78 [ref. 38844], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:688 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:307 [ref. 39448] misidentified, Carvalho-Filho 2023:281 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to Argentina, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

quatuordecimaculeatus, Ostracion Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1804:211, Pl. 58 (fig. 1) [Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 12515] Australia. No types known. Original spelling unclear in available copy, originally as two words. quatuordecim aculeatus. •Not treated in current literature. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

reevesii, Ostracion Gray [J. E.] 1838:111 [Annals of Natural History, or Magazine of Zoology, Botany, and Geology v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 1884] China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 2007.10.26.2 (mounted, stuffed). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

reipublicae, Lactophrys Ogilby [J. D.] 1913:92 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 2; ref. 14966] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Lectotype (?): QM I.1064. Allen et al. 2006:1908 [ref. 29090] treat Ogilby's account as a nomen nudum; they date the species to Whitley 1930. They indicate that Whitley 1930 designated a lectotype, but if Ogilby's account is not available then there is no lectotype. •See Triorus reipublicae Whitley 1930. •Possibly a synonym of Tetrosomus concatenatus (Bloch 1785) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:1085 [ref. 31980]). •Valid as Tetrosomus reipublicae (Ogilby 1913) -- (Larson et al. 2013:235 [ref. 32988], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Motomura et al. 2017:236 [ref. 35490], Hoschke et al. 2019:161 [ref. 36626], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:299 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:452 [ref. 40260]). Current status: Uncertain as Tetrosomus reipublicae (Whitley 1930). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to Indonesia, north to Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia). Habitat: marine.

reipublicae, Triorus Whitley [G. P.] 1930:27, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 4671] Moreton Bay, Queensland. Lectotype (?): QM I.1064. Based on Lactophrys reipublicae Ogilby 1913, a nomen nudum, plus additional material. If reipubicae is not available, then Whitley could not designate a lectotype. See also Allen et al. 2006:1908 [ref. 29090]. The spelling needs attention as well. •In earlier literature this species is dated to Ogilby 1913. •Synonym of Tetrosomus cancatenatus (Bloch 1785) -- (Randall et al. 1990:471 [ref. 15987]). •Valid as Trioris reipublicae (Ogilby 1913) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:154 [ref. 25477]). •Valid as Lactoria reipublicae (Ogilby 1913) -- (Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847]). •Valid as Tetrosomus reipublicae (Ogilby 1913) -- (Matsuura & Tyler 1997:198 [ref. 23219] as Tetrasomus, Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Shinohara et al. 2000:184 [ref. 25987], Matsuura 2001:3951 [ref. 26317], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Allen et al. 2006:1908 [ref. 29090] dated to Whitley 1930). Current status: Valid as Tetrosomus reipublicae (Whitley 1930). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

renardi, Ostracion Bleeker [P.] 1856:68 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1; ref. 311] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1867.11.28.96 (1). Based on "Ican peti" of Renard 1754:Pl. 28 (fig. 152) [ref. 35586]. •Uncertain in genus Ostracion Linnaeus 1758. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

rhinorhynchos, Ostracion Bleeker [P.] 1851:34, Pl. 6 (fig. 12) [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (art. 11); ref. 16836] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes (5) and/or Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1867.11.28.92 (1); MNHN 0000-2224 (1), B-1752 (3), B-1753 (3); RMNH 7318 (5); SMNS 10622 (1 syntype). Type catalog: Le Danois 1961:277 [ref. 21439], Fricke 1991:18 [ref. 13474] as rhinorhynchus, Fricke 2005:51 [ref. 29864]. •Valid as Rhynchostracion rhinorhynchos [often as rhinorhynchus] (Bleeker 1851) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:154 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:470 [ref. 15987], Lindberg et al. 1997:103 [ref. 23547], Larson & Williams 1997:375 [ref. 23967], Randall et al. 1997:470 [ref. 25919], Allen et al. 2006:1907 [ref. 29090]). •Valid as Ostracion rhinorhynchos Bleeker 1851 [sometimes as rhinorhynchus] -- (Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:362 [ref. 6441] as rhinorhynchus, Allen 1997:244 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:288 [ref. 23965], Nakabo 2000:1415 [ref. 25182] as rhinorhynchus, Sadovy & Cornish 2000:282 [ref. 25480], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3951 [ref. 26317], Nakabo 2002:1415 [ref. 26193] as rhinorhynchus, Itoh et al. 2002:144 [ref. 26531], Allen & Adrim 2003:65 [ref. 26830] as rhinorhynchus, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377] as rhinorhynchus, Allen & Erdmann 2012:1084 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:235 [ref. 32988], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Psomadakis et al. 2015:335 [ref. 34104], Psomadakis et al. 2020:615 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:130 [ref. 37637], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:299 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:451 [ref. 40260]). Current status: Valid as Ostracion rhinorhynchos Bleeker 1851. Ostraciidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Pakistan and Sri Lanka east to Philippines and Palau, north to central Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

saxatilis, Lactophrys Mowbray [L. L.] 1931:unpagin. p. 7 [Fauna Bermudensis v. 1; ref. 13453] Bermuda. Syntypes: Collection of L.L. Mowbray (2). •Synonym of Acanthostracion polygonium Poey 1876 -- (Tyler 1965:5 [ref. 39939]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthostracion polygonium Poey 1876. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

schlemmeri, Lactoria Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1904:945 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 27 (no. 1377); ref. 2518] Laysan Island, Leeward Islands, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 8440. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:144 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Lactoria diaphana (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mundy 2005:530 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Lactoria diaphana (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

sebae, Ostracium Bleeker [P.] 1851:259 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 331] Banda Neira, Banda Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2) ?BMNH 1867.11.28.93 (1), NMV 46537 [? number may be wrong] (1). Original genus should have been spelled Ostracion. •Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796 -- (Randall et al. 1990:469 [ref. 15987], Randall 2005:641 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:532 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:486 [ref. 30952], Heemstra 2022:450 [ref. 40260]). Current status: Synonym of Ostracion meleagris Shaw 1796. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

sexcornutus, Ostracion Mitchill [S. L.] 1818:328 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 5, art. 1); ref. 30214] Near mouth of Mississippi River, Gulf of Mexico. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Originally as sex-cornutus, correction mandatory. •Synonym of Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tyler 1965:3 [ref. 39939]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

solorensis, Ostracion Bleeker [P.] 1853:96 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 16911] Lawajong, Solor Island, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1867.11.28.95, ?MNHN B-1732 (1). Type catalog: Le Danois 1961:277 [ref. 21439]. Genus Ostracion is neuter; therefore species epithet (an adjective) must be solorense. •Valid as Ostracion solorensis Bleeker 1853 -- (Randall et al. 1990:470 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:246 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:408 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:470 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:288 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:124 [ref. 25868], Allen 2000:94 [ref. 37268], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3949 [ref. 26317], Allen & Adrim 2003:65 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:650 [ref. 27495] dated 1856, Randall et al. 2004:32 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:641 [ref. 28239], Randall et al. 2005:131 [ref. 28745], Allen et al. 2006:1907 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1084 [ref. 31980], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Fricke et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:330 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Ostracion solorense Bleeker 1853. Ostraciidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Palau, Fiji and Tonga, north to Philippines, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN (2020): Not assessed. Habitat: marine.

stellifer, Ostracion Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:499, Pl. 98 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] America. Syntypes: ZMB 33054 (4, skins) no locality, ZMB (1, missing) America. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:109 [ref. 24282]. Plate incorrectly listed as 97 in text. •Valid as Ostracium stellifer Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Herrera 1896:73 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Tetrosomus stellifer (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Paepke 1999:109 [ref. 24282]). Current status: Valid as Tetrosomus stellifer (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Uncertain. Habitat: marine.

stictonotus, Ostracion Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1850:297, Pl. 131 (fig. 3) [Fauna Japonica Last part (15); ref. 4375] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 3983a. Paralectotypes: RMNH D1478-D1480 (3, dry), 3983b (1), 3984 (4); ZMB 4200 (1, dry), 4201 (1, dry), 5883 (1, dry). Type catalog: Paepke 2001:330 [ref. 25566]. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:212 [ref. 12876]. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

tesserula, Ostracium Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1349 [367], Pl. 8 (figs. 2-3) [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Sea of Penang, Malaysia. Syntypes: (4) BMNH 1860.3.19.110, 1960.3.19.599-600. On p. 367 of separate. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

testudineo, Ostracion capite Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:xviii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Name only, not available; from Malta. Nomen Nudum. Ostraciidae.

tetragonus, Ostracion (Ostracion) Bleeker [P.] 1874:70 [Poissons de Madagascar et de l'Ile la Réunion Part 4; ref. 443] Name only, no description. For date of publication (as laterst in Dec. 1974), see Kottelat 2013 [ref. 32740]. •In the synonymy of Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fricke 1999:598 [ref. 24106], Allen et al. 2006:1906 [ref. 29090]). •In the synonymy of Ostracion cubicum Linnaeus 1758. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Ostracion cubicum Linnaeus 1758. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

trachys, Ostracion Randall [J. E.] 1975:59, Fig. 1 [Matsya No. 1; ref. 7463] Patch reef about 800 meters northeast of Grand Baie, Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 18 meters. Holotype: BPBM 16323. Paratypes: BPBM 16329 (1). •Valid as Ostracion trachys Randall 1975 -- (Fricke 1999:600 [ref. 24106], Fricke et al. 2009:120 [ref. 30213], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Heemstra 2022:451 [ref. 40260]). Current status: Valid as Ostracion trachys Randall 1975. Ostraciidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) endemic. Habitat: marine.

tricornis, Ostracion Linnaeus [C.] 1758:331 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India (in error). No types known. •Synonym of Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tyler 1965:3 [ref. 39939], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:509 [ref. 24550], Matsuura 2003:1984 [ref. 27119]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

trigonus, Ostracion Linnaeus [C.] 1758:330 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Western Atlantic. No types known. Original locality given as India, actual is w. Atlantic. •Valid as Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:304 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:566 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:226 [ref. 14674], Boschung 1992:182 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:378 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1996:111 [ref. 24489], Murdy et al. 1997:261 [ref. 23144], Aguilera 1998:53 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:353 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:171 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:127 [ref. 26784], Matsuura 2003:1985 [ref. 27119], Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:70 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:184 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:916 [ref. 28815], García-Hernández et al. 2009:94 [ref. 37265], Psomadakis et al. 2012:18 [ref. 33457], Page et al. 2013:190 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:88 [ref. 33341], Ribeiro et al. 2019:9 [ref. 36717], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:78 [ref. 38844], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:689 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:73 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:282 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Sao Pãulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

triqueter, Ostracion Linnaeus [C.] 1758:330 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India [erroneous, should be Western Atlantic]. Syntypes: NRM 80 (1). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:275-276 [ref. 20707]. Based on the 'Ostracion triangulus, tuberculis exiguis innumeris' of Artedi 1738a:57 [ref. 30578]; 1738b:85 [ref. 30349] which was based on the 'Piscis triangularis ex toto cornibus carens' of Willughby 1686:Appendix p. 20 [ref. 30164], based on a manuscript description by Martinus Lister, and Ray 1713:45, No. 9 [ref. 30231], and on the 'Ostracion polyodon inermis triqueter' of Linnaeus 1754:60 [ref. 31115]. Species epithet spelled triqveter by Kielsen 1835:iii [ref. 30365]. •Valid as Rhinesomus triqueter (Linnaeus 1758) -- (McAllister 1990:226 [ref. 14674], Matsuura 2003:1984 [ref. 27119], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:918 [ref. 28815], Psomadakis et al. 2012:18 [ref. 33457]). •Valid as Lactophrys triqueter (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:305 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:566 [ref. 25518], Cervigón 1992:378 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1996:112 [ref. 24489], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:353 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:171 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:127 [ref. 26784], Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:110 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:71 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:184 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:190 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:88 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:160 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:78 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:73 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:282 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Lactophrys triqueter (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to Bahia (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2017): Least concern. Habitat: marine.

tritropis, Lactophrys Snyder [J. O.] 1911:535 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 40 (no. 1836); ref. 4152] Misaki, Japan. Holotype: USNM 68235. Paratypes: SU 21424 (2), USNM 74548 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:144 [ref. 12291] as tritopis. Types: Shinohara & Williams 2006:566 [ref. 31656]. •Synonym of Tetrosomus concatenatus (Bloch 1785) -- (Randall et al. 1990:471 [ref. 15987], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1085 [ref. 31980]). Current status: Synonym of Tetrosomus concatenatus (Bloch 1785). Ostraciidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: marine.

tuberculatus, Ostracion Linnaeus [C.] 1758:331 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India. No types known. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:599 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Ostracion tuberculatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Cheng & Zhou 1997:472 [ref. 26385]). •See Lindberg et al. 1997:106 [ref. 23547]. •Synonym of Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Dor 1984:282 [ref. 29757], Randall et al. 1990:469 [ref. 15987], Fricke 1999:597 [ref. 24106], Mundy 2005:531 [ref. 28379], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:356 [ref. 28867], Golani & Fricke 2018:180 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:136 [ref. 37020]). •Synonym of Ostracion cubicum Linnaeus 1758 -- (Heemstra 2022:450 [ref. 40260]). Current status: Synonym of Ostracion cubicum Linnaeus 1758. Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

turritus, Ostracion Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:75, xiv [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [Mochhæ] Al-Mukhā, Yemen, Red Sea. No types known. Available with author as Forsskål according to Fricke 2008:58 [ref. 30182]. •Synonym of Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Dor 1984:282 [ref. 29757], Fricke 2008:58 [ref. 30182], Golani & Fricke 2018:181 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

undecimaculeatus, Ostracion Smith [A.] 1842:no p., Pl. 17 [Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa v. 4; ref. 4035] Cape of Good Hope, Indian Ocean, Cape Town and Table Bay, South Africa. Possible syntypes: BMNH 1845.7.3.122 (1, stuffed), 1857.4.8.10 (1, stuffed). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

undulatus, Ostracion Poey [F.] 1868:441 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3505] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

valentini, Ostracion Bleeker [P.] 1848:639 [Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (Singapore) v. 2 (no. 9); ref. 315] Bima, Sumbawa Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. No types known. Type catalog: Le Danois 1961:281 [ref. 21439]. Based on "Ikan Peti" of Valentyn 1726:358, Pl. opposite p. 358 (no. 36) [ref. 30358]. •Synonym of Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.

whitleyi, Ostracion Fowler [H. W.] 1931:366 [Memoirs of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. v. 11 (no. 5); ref. 16277] Marquesas Islands [French Polynesia, South Pacific]. Replacement name for Ostracion ornatus Hollard 1856, preoccupied by Ostracion (Aracana) ornata Gray 1838. •Valid as Ostracion whitleyi Fowler 1931 -- (Randall & Earle 2000:22 [ref. 25806], Randall 2005:642 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:532 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:487 [ref. 30952], Matsuura 2014:17 [ref. 33576], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:8 [ref. 33988]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Ostracion whitleyi Fowler 1931. Ostraciidae. Distribution: Central and South Pacific: Johnston Atoll, Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands, Society Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago. Habitat: marine.

yalei, Ostracion Storer [D. H.] 1836:353, 356, Pl. 8 [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 26941] Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): dried; whereabouts unknown. Also appeared as Ostràcion Yálei; correction to yalei is mandatory. Also appeared in Storer 1839:522 [176] [ref. 4278]. •Synonym of Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (W. J. Poly, 7/03). Current status: Synonym of Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus 1758). Ostraciidae. Habitat: marine.