Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Synanceiidae: [ 248 ] records

achrurus, Erisphex Regan [C. T.] 1905:21, Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 15 (no. 85) (art. 2); ref. 3624] Inland Sea, Japan. Syntypes: BMNH 1905.6.6.290-293 (4). •Synonym of Erisphex potti (Steindachner 1896) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:114 [ref. 15964]). Current status: Synonym of Erisphex pottii (Steindachner 1896). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Habitat: marine.

adamsii, Minous Richardson [J.] 1848:7, Pl. 2 (figs. 4-5) [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Samarang; ref. 3744] China Sea. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1848.3.16.37. •Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:461 [ref. 1277], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:252 [ref. 36053]). Current status: Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

adhaesipinnis, Uranoscopus Blyth [E.] 1860:142 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Calcutta fish market, India. Syntypes: ZSI [Asiatic Soc. Bengal 119]. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:146 [ref. 20743] as adhesipinnis. •Synonym of Trachicephalus uranoscopus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:373 [ref. 6391], Kottelat 2013:316 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Trachicephalus uranoscopus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

aeglefinus, Paracentropogon Weber [M.] 1913:500, Pl. 6 (fig. 8) [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Halmahera Sea; Timor Sea; Lobetobi straits, Savu Sea; Saleh Bay, Sumbawa; [Siboga stations 167, 302, 306, 312], depth 95-274 meters. Syntypes: ZMA 110234-37 (2, 4, 5, 1), 110240 (2). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:81 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Neocentropogon aeglefinus (Weber 1913) -- (Klausewitz 1985:21 [ref. 5806], Paxton et al. 1989:444 [ref. 12442] as anglefinis, Mohsin & Ambak 1996:572 [ref. 27969] as aegelfinus, Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847] as anglefinis, Allen et al. 2006:900 [ref. 29078], Quéro et al. 2011:99 [ref. 31629], Iwamoto & McCosker 2014:287 [ref. 33298], Fricke et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35210], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2021:[6] [ref. 38168], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:123 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Neocentropogon aeglefinus (Weber 1913). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines and Vanuatu, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia (R. Fricke, pers. comm., Dec. 2023, based on NTUM material). Habitat: marine.

affinis, Gymnapistus Lloyd [R. E.] 1909:162 [Memoirs of the Indian Museum v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 2814] Gulf of Martaban, Myanmar, 14°50'N, 96°00'E, Investigator station 329, depth 46 fathoms. Syntypes: ZSI F1172-1178/1 (7). Type catalog: Menon & Rama Rao 1971:344 [ref. 31198], Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:43 [ref. 22148]. Figured in Lloyd 1909: Pl. 47 (fig. 2) [ref. 20539]. •Valid as Neocentropogon affinis (Lloyd 1909) -- (Poss 1999:2308 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Quéro et al. 2011:99 [ref. 31629], Iwamoto & McCosker 2014:287 [ref. 33298], Fricke et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35210], Psomadakis et al. 2020:363 [ref. 37272], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2021:[10] [ref. 38168]). Current status: Valid as Neocentropogon affinis (Lloyd 1909). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Northeastern Indian Ocean: Myanmar to western Thailand and off western Sumatera (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

alatus, Apistus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:392 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-6642 (2). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:5 [ref. 20738]. Appeared first in footnote in Cuvier 1829:168 [ref. 995] but as Ap. alatus, but Ap. tied to a vernacular "Les Apistes" and not to a Latinized generic name. Species epithet misspelled aplatus by Cuvier 1831:123 [ref. 30376]. •Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Dor 1984:81 [ref. 29757], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:94 [ref. 15964], Allen et al. 2006:894 [ref. 29066]). Current status: Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Habitat: marine.

alatus, Apistus (Pterichthys) Swainson [W.] 1839:265 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Russ. no. 160b -- which is Russell 1803:Pl. 160 [ref. 13862]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Apistus alatus Cuvier 1829. •Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Habitat: marine.

albifrons, Tetraroge Duncker [G.] & Mohr [E.] 1929:70 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg. v. 44; ref. 15892] Langemak Bay, east coast of New Guinea. Lectotype: ZMH H145 [ex 11834]. Paralectotypes: ZMH 11835 (whereabouts unknown). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:167 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:408 [ref. 21161]. Lectotype designation: Ladiges et al. 1958:167 [ref. 19181]. •Questionably as synonym of Tetraroge barbata (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Tetraroge nigra (Cuvier 1829) -- (Matsunuma et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39068]). Current status: Synonym of Tetraroge barbata (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

alboguttata, Tetraroge Liénard [F.] in Sauvage 1891:301 [Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar; ref. 14503] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Originally as albo-guttata. Based on 'Taenianote à goutelettes blanches' of Liénard 1843:67 [ref. 20927]; description quoted from Liénard. •Synonym of Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier 1829) -- (Fricke 1999:165 [ref. 24106]). •Not a species of Ablabys -- (Chungthanawong & Motomura 2018:119 [ref. 36252]). Current status: Uncertain as Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

albomarginata, Tetraroge Perugia [A.] 1896:51 [5] [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 16; ref. 14616] Mentawi Island, Indonesia. Syntypes: MSNG 12575 (orig. 3, now 2). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:346 [ref. 10350]. On p. 5 of separate. •Synonym of Tetraroge nigra (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Tetraroge nigra (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

alepidota, Scorpaena Bloch [M. E.] 1787:106 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] Not an available name, see Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:352 [ref. 6391]. •In the synonymy of Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:352 [ref. 6391]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus 1766). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae.

altipinnis, Cocotropus Waite [E. R.] 1903:41, 44, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 15049] Lord Howe Island. Holotype (unique): AMS I.5732 or I.5132. •Valid as Cocotropus altipinnis Waite 1903 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Poss & Allen 1987:79 [ref. 6616], Francis 1993:159 [ref. 25479], Poss 1999:2357 [ref. 24796], Imamura & Shinohara 2003:233 [ref. 27213], Fricke 2004:2 [ref. 27662], Johnson 2004:179 [ref. 27781], Allen et al. 2006:913 [ref. 29066], Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus altipinnis Waite 1903. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Lord Howe Island and Kermadec Islands. Habitat: marine.

alula, Synanceia Eschmeyer [W. N.] & Rama-Rao [K. V.] 1973:348, Figs. 3-4 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 39 (no. 18); ref. 6391] Nancouri Island, 8°00'N, 93°40'E, Nicobar Islands, Investigator station 615. Holotype: CAS-SU 14673. Paratypes: ZSI 289/2 (1), USNM 209420-21 (2, 1). Type catalog: Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:43 [ref. 22148]. See Das 2003:378 [ref. 27706] with genus as Synenceja. •Valid as Synanceia alula Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973 -- (Poss 1999:2308 [ref. 24796], Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Allen & Erdmann 2012:244 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2019:104 [ref. 36673], Matsunuma et al. 2021:1 [ref. 38413], Matsunuma et al. 2021:[6] [ref. 38413], Allen & Erdmann 2024:262 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Synanceia alula Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Nicobar Islands (India); Flores (Indonesia); Papua New Guinea (New Britain, New Ireland); Solomon Islands. IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

amblycephaloides, Apistus Bleeker [P.] 1853:250 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 12580] Priaman, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5887 (1 of 8). Original as amblycephaloïdes. •Synonym of Tetraroge nigra (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Tetraroge nigra (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

amblycephalus, Apistus Bleeker [P.] 1850:27 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 16886] Padang, western Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 5887 (1 of 8). See Apistus amblycephaloides Bleeker 1853. •Synonym of Tetraroge nigra (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Tetraroge nigra (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

andriashevi, Minous Mandrytsa [S. A.] 1990:66, Fig. [Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 1990 (no. 6); ref. 19218] Western Indian Ocean, Seychelles EEZ, seamount 160 km south of Farquhar Atoll, 11°41'07"S, 51°23'02"E, depth 55 meters. Holotype (unique): ZIN 49334. •Valid as Minous andriashevi Mandrytsa 1990 -- (Mandrytsa 2001:272 [ref. 25636], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:251 [ref. 36053], Poss 2022:572 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Minous andriashevi Mandrytsa 1990. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Somalia; seamount near Farquhar Atoll (Seychelles EEZ). Habitat: marine.

aniara, Kanekonia Thomson [J. M.] 1967:145, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 92 (pt 1, no. 413); ref. 7924] 20 miles northeast of Cape Moreton, Queensland, Australia, depth 35 fathoms. Holotype (unique): QM I.9053. •Valid as Kanekonia aniara Thomson 1967 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Paxton et al. 1989:460 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:80 [ref. 23977]). •Valid as Erisphex aniarus (Thomson 1967) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:52 [ref. 25477], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Johnson 2004:180 [ref. 27781], Allen et al. 2006:914 [ref. 29066], Prokofiev 2008:307 [ref. 29592], Larson et al. 2013:86 [ref. 32988], Psomadakis et al. 2020:366 [ref. 37272] as cf. aniarus, Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:127 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Erisphex aniarus (Thomson 1967). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

anopta, Xenaploactis Poss [S. G.] & Eschmeyer [W. N.] 1980:290, Figs. 3, 4 (upper) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 42 (no. 8); ref. 3553] Zambales, 4 kilometers west of Calguaguin Cove, Luzon Island, Philippines, depth 64-81 meters. Holotype (unique): CAS 32633. •Valid as Xenaploactis anopta Poss & Eschmeyer 1980 -- (Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Fricke 2016:72 [ref. 34523]). Current status: Valid as Xenaploactis anopta Poss & Eschmeyer 1980. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Philippines. Habitat: marine.

apia, Ocosia Poss [S. G.] & Eschmeyer [W. N.] 1975:8, Figs. 2D, 6 [Matsya No. 1; ref. 6388] Raoul Island, Kermadec Islands, 29°15'S, 177°57'W, depth 83 meters. Holotype: ZMUC P791087. Paratypes: AMS I.18496-001 (1); BMNH 1975.12.10.1 (1); CAS 33916 (2), 33917 (1, c&s); USNM 214814 (1); ZMUC P791086 (1), P791088-1099 (12). •Valid as Ocosia apia Poss & Eschmeyer 1975 -- (Paulin 1982:447 [ref. 23678], Paulin et al. 1989:168 [ref. 24556], Francis 1993:159 [ref. 25479], Poss 1999:2324 [ref. 24796], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:112 [ref. 36167], Fricke et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33930], Struthers 2015:1102 [ref. 34261], Fricke 2017:7 [ref. 35552], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2022:438 [ref. 38963]). Current status: Valid as Ocosia apia Poss & Eschmeyer 1975. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Chesterfield Islands (New Caledonia), Kermadec Islands. Habitat: marine.

armatus, Pataecus Johnston [R. M.] 1891:33 [Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1890; ref. 18341] Off northern Tasmania, Australia [original off Tamar Heads]. Neotype: QVM 1971:5:0029 [ex QVM type 84]. Type catalog: Green 1974:4 [ref. 19267] with a neotype [neotype designation not researched]. •Synonym of Aetapcus maculatus (Günther 1861) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:462 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:510 [ref. 22532], Paxton et al. 2006:917 [ref. 28994], Johnson 2008:504 [ref. 30650]). Current status: Synonym of Aetapcus maculatus (Günther 1861). Synanceiidae: Pataecinae. Habitat: marine.

aspera, Synanceia (Aploactis) Richardson [J.] 1845:72 [Ichthyology.--Part 2. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur; ref. 20574] Seas of Japan. No types known. Based on "Aploactis" of Temminck & Schlegel 1844:51, Pl. 22 (fig. 3) [ref. 4372]. •Valid as Aploactis aspera (Richardson 1845) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Nakabo in Masuda et al. 1984:319 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:52 [ref. 25477], Motomura & Iwatsuki 1997:133 [ref. 23963], Allen 1997:78 [ref. 23977] as aspersa, Poss 1999:2357 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:601 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:272 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:601 [ref. 26001], Johnson 2004:180 [ref. 27781], Allen et al. 2006:912 [ref. 29066], Prokofiev 2010:718 [ref. 31093], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Sonoyama et al. 2020:47 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Aploactis aspera (Richardson 1845). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: China and Taiwan north to southern Sea of Japan; to northern Western Australia and Queensland (Australia) to New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

asperrimus, Prosopodasys Günther [A.] 1860:140 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] East Indies [is either Ambon or Ternate, Indonesia] Holotype (unique): BMNH 1979.5.5.1. Type locality determined by Fricke 2016 [ref. 34523]. •Status uncertain -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387]). •Valid as Xenaploactis asperrima (Günther 1860) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1980:289 [ref. 3553], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Yoshida et al. 2013:82 [ref. 34464], Fricke 2016:68 [ref. 34523], Fricke et al. 2019:105 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Xenaploactis asperrima (Günther 1860). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Indonesia, New Hanover (Papua New Guinea). Habitat: marine.

astakhovi, Cocotropus Prokofiev [A. M.] 2010:749 [718], Fig. 1 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 50 (no. 6); ref. 31093] Nha Trang Bay, Tonzu Bank area, 12°02'-06'N, 109°12'-13'E, Vietnam, depth 10-18 meters. Holotype: ZUMM 21875. Paratypes: ZMUU 21876 (2), 21877 (1), 21878 (2), 21879 (1). •Valid as Cocotropus astakhovi Prokofiev 2010 -- (Prokofiev 2012:321 [ref. 32052], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus astakhovi Prokofiev 2010. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vietnam. Habitat: marine.

asteroblepa, Synanceia Richardson [J.] 1844:69, Pl. 39 (figs. 1-3) [Ichthyology.--Part 1. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur; ref. 3739] Coast of New Guinea. No types known. •Valid as Leptosynanceia asteroblepa (Richardson 1844) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:375 [ref. 6391], Kottelat et al. 1993:102 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:245 [ref. 23210], Poss 1999:2318 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Kottelat 2013:316 [ref. 32989], Kwik & Lim 2020:21 [ref. 38869], Taki et al. 2021:352 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Leptosynanceia asteroblepa (Richardson 1844). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine.

aurantiacum, Pelor Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1843:44, Pl. 18 (fig. 1) [Fauna Japonica Parts 2-4; ref. 4371] Bay of Domura, Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D597 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH 614 (1). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:54 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Inimicus japonicus (Cuvier 1829) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:493 [ref. 6385], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:118 [ref. 15964], Inaba & Motomura 2018:75 [ref. 36154]). Current status: Synonym of Inimicus japonicus (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

aurantius, Cocotropus Matsunuma [M.], Sado [T.] & Motomura [H.] 2021:[3], Figs. 1, 2, 3a-b, 4a [Ichthyological Research v. 69 (no. 1); ref. 38266] Off Nagannu Island, Kerama Islands, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, 26°14.28'N, 127°31.33'E, depth 53 - 54 meters. Holotype (unique): CBM-ZF 17864. •Valid as Cocotropus aurantius Matsunuma, Sado & Motomura 2021. Current status: Valid as Cocotropus aurantius Matsunuma, Sado & Motomura 2021. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Izu Peninsula to the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Habitat: marine.

australiensis, Erosa Borodin [N. A.] 1932:90, Pl. 2 [Bulletin Vanderbilt Marine Museum v. 1 (art. 3); ref. 16361] Southport, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: VMM 978 (now at AMNH) [but holotype may be at MCZ]. Paratypes: MCZ 33023 [ex VMM 978] (1). •Synonym of Paraploactis trachyderma Bleeker 1865 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:411 [ref. 6387], Paxton et al. 1989:461 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:915 [ref. 29066]). Current status: Synonym of Paraploactis trachyderma Bleeker 1865. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Habitat: marine.

australis, Cottus Shaw [G.] in White 1790:266, Pl. 52 [Journal of a voyage to New South Wales; ref. 4654] Between Botany Bay and Broken Bay, New South Wales, Australia. No types known. Authorship according to Sherborn 1891:535 [ref. 32516]. •Valid as Centropogon australis (Shaw 1790) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:439 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:118 [ref. 23929], Kuiter 1997:82 [ref. 25488], Poss 1999:2311 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:727 [ref. 25471], Allen et al. 2006:897 [ref. 29078], Johnson & Motomura 2008:499 [ref. 30648]). Current status: Valid as Centropogon australis (Shaw 1790). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Australia: southern Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. Habitat: brackish, marine.

balnearum, Apistus Ogilby [J. D.] 1910:30 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 23; ref. 3288] Metropolitan Baths, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: AMS I.12525 (1), I.13617 (1, lost); QM [ex AFAQ 1105-1106] (not found). •Synonym of Hypodytes carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:442 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Allen et al. 2006:894 [ref. 29066]). Current status: Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Habitat: marine.

barbatus, Apistus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:413 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Bouana River near the sea, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 707. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:60 [ref. 20738]. •Valid as Tetraroge barbata (Cuvier 1829) -- (Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:317 [ref. 6441], Kottelat et al. 1993:102 [ref. 23448], Myers 1999:102 [ref. 23965], Poss 1999:2350 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:599 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Sakai et al. 2001:92 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:599 [ref. 26001], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33932], Miesen et al. 2016:88 [ref. 34492], Poss 2022:557 [ref. 39726], Jamandre 2023:173 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Tetraroge barbata (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: southern India and Sri Lanka east to Palau and New Guinea, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to New Caledonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

barbatus, Pelor De Vis [C. W.] 1884:547 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4899] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.374. •Synonym of Inimicus caledonicus (Sauvage 1878) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:488 [ref. 6385], Paxton et al. 1989:442 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:904 [ref. 29078], Inaba & Motomura 2018:57 [ref. 36154]). Current status: Synonym of Inimicus caledonicus (Sauvage 1878). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

belengerii, Apistus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:412 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Mahé, Malabar coast, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-6522 (2). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:5 [ref. 20738] as belangerii. •Synonym of Vespicula dracaena (Cuvier 1829) -- (authors). •Synonym of Pseudovespicula dracaena (Cuvier 1829) -- (based on Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudovespicula dracaena (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

bellona, Tetraroge De Vis [C. W.] 1884:460 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4898] Queensland coast, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.1598. •Synonym of Centropogon australis (Shaw 1790) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:439 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:897 [ref. 29078]). •Synonym of Notesthes robusta (Günther 1860) -- (Matsunuma et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39068]). Current status: Synonym of Notesthes robusta (Günther 1860). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

biaculeata, Scorpaena Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:424 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-6748. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:26 [ref. 20738] with MNHN 6748 as holotype. Not available, name mentioned in passing in the synonymy of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:461 [ref. 1277]). Use by Bleeker perhaps validates this name back to this first use. •In the synonymy of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:252 [ref. 36053]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae.

bicapillata, Scorpaena Shaw [G.] 1803:273 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Indian seas. Unneeded new name for and objective synonym of Scorpaena bicirrata Lacepède 1801. •Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:359 [ref. 6391]). Current status: Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

bicirrata, Scorpaena Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:258, 270 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] No locality. •Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:359 [ref. 6391]). Current status: Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

bifilis, Inimicus Fowler [H. W.] 1938:85, Fig. 38 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 85 (no. 3032); ref. 1426] Canmahala Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 98905. •Synonym of Inimicus didactylus (Pallas 1769) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:490 [ref. 6385], Inaba & Motomura 2018:67 [ref. 36154]). Current status: Synonym of Inimicus didactylus (Pallas 1769). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bimaculata, Scorpaena Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in Cuvier 1829 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. No types known. Still researching, this species not yet located. Apparently name only and unavailable. Nomen Nudum. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae.

binotatus, Apistus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1855:434 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1855; ref. 3449] Ibo, Mozambique, 12°S. Holotype: ZMB 814. Type catalog: Paepke & Fricke 1992:275 [ref. 19946]. Also described as new in Peters 1855:241 [ref. 13448]. •Valid as Ablabys binotatus (Peters 1855) -- (Poss 1986:479 [ref. 6296], Anderson et al. 1998:22 [ref. 23611], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Randall & Spreinat 2004:48 [ref. 27610], Prokofiev 2008:304 [ref. 29592], Varghese 2013:1 [ref. 36763], Fricke et al. 2018:136 [ref. 35805], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2018:127 [ref. 36252], Poss 2022:551 [ref. 39726], Selvakumar et al. 2022:50849 [ref. 40889]). Current status: Valid as Ablabys binotatus (Peters 1855). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South Africa and East Africa to Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius); Gulf of Mannar (southern India) and southeast coast of India. Habitat: marine.

binotopterus, Apistus Bleeker [P.] 1850:26 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 16886] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5886 (possibly 1 of 17). •Synonym of Vespicula depressifrons (Richardson 1848) -- (authors). •Synonym of Neovespicula depressifrons (Richardson 1848) -- (based on Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Neovespicula depressifrons (Richardson 1848). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

blochi, Minous Kaup [J. J.] 1859:333 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (pt 1) (for 1858); ref. 2580] Unneeded replacement name for Scorpaena monodactyla Bloch & Schneider 1801. •Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:461 [ref. 1277]). Current status: Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

bottae, Prosopodasys Sauvage [H.-E.] 1878:132, Pl. 1 (fig. 11) [Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (Série 2) v. 1; ref. 3880] Red Sea? [probably in error]. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-6753. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:8 [ref. 20738]. •Valid as Vespicula bottae (Sauvage 1878) -- (Dor 1984:89 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356]). •Synonym of Vespicula trachinoides (Cuvier 1829) -- (Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:65 [ref. 35264]). •Synonym of Trichosomus trachinoides Cuvier 1829 -- (Kottelat 2013:316 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Trichosomus trachinoides (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

bougainvillii, Apistus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:411 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] No locality. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5255. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:5-6 [ref. 20738]. •Questionably a synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

brachiata, Scorpaena Shaw [G.] 1803:274 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] New name for Scorpaena brachion Lacepède 1801. •Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:359 [ref. 6391]). Current status: Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

brachio, Synanceia Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:447 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean; Strong Island and Waigiou, Indonesia. Syntypes: MNHN 0267 (1) Strong, 6594 (1, poor condition) Waigiou. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:28 [ref. 20738]. •Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:359 [ref. 6391]). Current status: Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

brachion, Scorpaena Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:259, 272, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] No locality [= Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean]. No types known. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:167 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:359 [ref. 6391], Fricke 1999:166 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

brachyrhynchus, Pelor Bleeker [P.] 1874:5, Pls. 2 (fig. 4), 3 (fig. 2) [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 3) v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 439] Singapore. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5907. Type catalog: Inaba & Motomura 2018:56 [ref. 36154]. •Valid as Inimicus brachyrhynchus (Bleeker 1874) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:491 [ref. 6385], Poss 1999:2307 [ref. 24796], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Allen & Erdmann 2012:241 [ref. 31980], Inaba & Motomura 2018:56 [ref. 36154], Kwik & Lim 2020:19 [ref. 38869], Allen & Erdmann 2024:259 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Inimicus brachyrhynchus (Bleeker 1874). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Singapore and Hong Kong (China). Habitat: marine.

breviceps, Synanceia Richardson [J.] 1845:71 [Ichthyology.--Part 2. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur; ref. 20574] China. Syntypes: (4) BMNH (1), Cambridge Philosophical Soc. (3). •Synonym of Trachicephalus uranoscopus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:373 [ref. 6391], Kottelat 2013:316 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Trachicephalus uranoscopus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

caledonicum, Pelor Sauvage [H.-E.] 1878:147, Pl. 2 (fig. 6) [Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (Série 2) v. 1; ref. 3880] Nouméa, Province Sud, Grande Terre, New Caledonia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1518. Type catalog: Inaba & Motomura 2018:57 [ref. 36154]. •Valid as Inimicus caledonicus (Sauvage 1878) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:488 [ref. 6385], Paxton et al. 1989:442 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:79 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1997:92 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:79 [ref. 25919], Poss 1999:2315 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:727 [ref. 25471], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:164 [ref. 25191], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Randall 2005:127 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:904 [ref. 29078], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:241 [ref. 31980], Inaba & Motomura 2018:57 [ref. 36154], Allen & Erdmann 2024:259 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Inimicus caledonicus (Sauvage 1878). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Andaman and Nicobar islands (India); Australia (Queensland), New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Habitat: marine.

caloundra, Apistus De Vis [C. W.] 1886:145 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 19303] Caloundra, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.27. •Valid as Apistops caloundra (De Vis 1886) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:50 [ref. 25477], as coloundra, Paxton et al. 1989:439 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:78 [ref. 23977] as coloundra, Poss 1999:2309 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:727 [ref. 25471], Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:893 [ref. 29066], Prokofiev 2008:302 [ref. 29592], Larson et al. 2013:83 [ref. 32988], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:111 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Apistops caloundra (De Vis 1886). Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: northern Australia, Papua New Guinea and Arafura Sea. Habitat: marine.

carinata, Scorpaena Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:193 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Holotype (unique): ZMB 32338. Type catalog: Paepke & Fricke 1992:268 [ref. 19946], Paepke 1999:46 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Hypodytes carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:442 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:78 [ref. 23977], Johnson 1999:727 [ref. 25471]). •Valid as Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:269 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:81 [ref. 29757], Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:317 [ref. 6441], Eschmeyer 1986:464 [ref. 5652], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:93 [ref. 15964], Allen & Swainston 1988:50 [ref. 25477], Kim & Lee 1993:471 [ref. 39487], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:218 [ref. 24016], Goren & Dor 1994:20 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:106 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:569 [ref. 27969], Chen et al. 1997:168 [ref. 26476], Motomura & Iwatsuki 1997:128 [ref. 23963], Carpenter et al. 1997:135 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:92 [ref. 25488], Poss 1999:2310 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:565 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:604 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:565 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:242, 558 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:25 [ref. 27712] with author as Bloch, Adrim et al. 2004:119 [ref. 27715] with author as Bloch, Allen et al. 2006:894 [ref. 29066], Prokofiev 2008:301 [ref. 29592], Motomura 2009:63 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:88 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:249 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:83 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:76 [ref. 34464], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:415 [ref. 33460], Psomadakis et al. 2015:186 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:316 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:137 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:56 [ref. 36273], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2018:78 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:125 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 29 [ref. 38321], Kwik & Lim 2020:16 [ref. 38869], Psomadakis et al. 2020:362 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37637], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:111 [ref. 41223], Poss 2022:578 [ref. 39726], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:294 [ref. 40698], Vilasri et al. 2023:75 [ref. 40764], Allen & Erdmann 2024:267 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and Papua (Indonesia), north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia). IUCN (2018): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

carnatobarbatus, Pseudopataecus Johnson [J. W.] 2012:55, Figs. 1A-C, 2A-B [Zootaxa No. 3245; ref. 32006] Adele Island, reef platform at head of Fraser channel, 15°29.474'S, 123°09.798'E, Kimberley coast, Western Australia, depth 0-1 meter. Holotype: WAM P.33274. Paratypes: Many at AMS, NTN,QM, WAM. •Valid as Pseudopataecus carnatobarbatus Johnson 2012 -- (Moore et al. 2020:109 [ref. 37357]). Current status: Valid as Pseudopataecus carnatobarbatus Johnson 2012. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Kimberley (Western Australia) endemic. Habitat: marine.

cautes, Xenaploactis Poss [S. G.] & Eschmeyer [W. N.] 1980:291, Figs. 4 (lower), 5 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 42 (no. 8); ref. 3553] Gulf of Thailand, 28.6 kilometers from Goh Chuang, 12°19'15"N, 100°43'40"E, depth 33 meters. Holotype: CAS 16105. Paratypes: USNM 221143 (1). •Valid as Xenaploactis cautes Poss & Eschmeyer 1980 -- (Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Johnson 2004:186 [ref. 27781], Allen et al. 2006:916 [ref. 29066], Fricke 2016:72 [ref. 34523]). Current status: Valid as Xenaploactis cautes Poss & Eschmeyer 1980. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Gulf of Thailand, Andaman Sea and northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

cirrhosus, Inimicus McKay [R. J.] 1964:8, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia v. 47 (pt 1) (art. 3); ref. 2448] 9 miles north of Cape Peron Flats, Shark Bay, Western Australia. Holotype: WAM P.4980-001. Paratypes: RMNH 24823 [ex WAM P.4988] (1); WAM P.4981-001 (1), P.4982-001 (1), P.4983-001 (1, missing), P.4984-001 through P.4986-001 (3), P.4988-001 through P. 4995-001 (8). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:116 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:17 [ref. 30117]. •Synonym of Inimicus sinensis (Valenciennes 1833) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:487 [ref. 6385], Paxton et al. 1989:443 [ref. 12442], Inaba & Motomura 2018:80 [ref. 36154]). Current status: Synonym of Inimicus sinensis (Valenciennes 1833). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

coccineus, Minous Alcock [A. W.] 1890:428 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 6 (no. 36) (art. 52); ref. 86] Off Ganjam coast, 8 miles east-southeast of Kalingapatnam Light, India [Orissa State, India, Bay of Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean], Investigator station 90, depth 28-30 fathoms. Syntypes: ZSI F12924 (2). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:154 [ref. 20743], Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:43 [ref. 22148]. •Valid as Minous coccineus Alcock 1890 -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:465 [ref. 1277], Dor 1984:87 [ref. 29757], Eschmeyer 1986:465 [ref. 5652], Paxton et al. 1989:443 [ref. 12442], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:219 [ref. 24016], Goren & Dor 1994:21 [ref. 25356], Poss 1999:2307 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Allen et al. 2006:905 [ref. 29078], Motomura 2009:73 [ref. 30446], Allen & Erdmann 2012:243 [ref. 31980], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:416 [ref. 33460], Matsunuma et al. 2017:[4] 1290 [ref. 35795], Golani & Fricke 2018:57 [ref. 36273], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:251 [ref. 36053], Psomadakis et al. 2020:365 [ref. 37272], Naranji et al. 2022:[3] 414 [ref. 39305], Poss 2022:572 [ref. 39726], Rashed et al. 2022:220 [ref. 40249], Allen & Erdmann 2024:261 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Minous coccineus Alcock 1890. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and East Africa east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. IUCN (2018): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

cottoides, Perca Linnaeus [C.] 1758:291 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] No locality [= East Indies]. No types known. Author often seen as Cuvier 1829. •Valid as Cottapistus cottoides (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:50 [ref. 25477] with Cuvier as author, Paxton et al. 1989:440 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:78 [ref. 23977], Poss 1999:2312 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:898 [ref. 29078], Larson et al. 2013:83 [ref. 32988] with author and date as Cuvier 1829, Kwik & Lim 2020:17 [ref. 38869], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:123 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Cottapistus cottoides (Linnaeus 1758). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, wstern Pacific: Indonesia south to Arafura Sea and northern Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

cristagalli, Tetraroge Günther [A.] 1860:134 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Philippines. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1843.9.30.21. Originally as crista-galli. •Synonym of Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier 1829) -- (Chungthanawong & Motomura 2018:119 [ref. 36252]). Current status: Synonym of Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

curtisensis, Bathyaploactis Whitley [G. P.] 1933:103, Pl. 14 (fig. 1) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 4677] Off Gatcombe Head, Port Curtis, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: AMS I.10723. Paratypes: AMS IA.1307 (1), IA.3741 (1), IA.4210 (1), IA.4234 (1), IA.4235 (1). Described as a species and subspecies. •Valid as Bathyaploactis curtisensis Whitley 1933 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Paxton et al. 1989:460 [ref. 12442], Poss 1999:2357 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:728 [ref. 25471], Mandrytsa 2001:272 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:913 [ref. 29066], Larson et al. 2013:86 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Valid as Bathyaploactis curtisensis Whitley 1933. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

cutaneus, Holoxenus Günther [A.] 1876:393 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 17 (no. 101) (art. 43); ref. 2007] Tasmania, Australia. Syntypes: BMNH 1875.11.12.61-62 (2). •Synonym of Gnathanacanthus goetzeei Bleeker 1854 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:464 [ref. 12442], Paxton et al. 2006:910 [ref. 28994]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathanacanthus goetzeei Bleeker 1854. Synanceiidae: Gnathanacanthinae. Habitat: marine.

cuvieri, Pelors Gray [J. E.] 1835:no page number, Pl. 90 (fig. 2) [Illustrations of Indian zoology; ref. 1878] India. Holotype: BMNH 2007.3.25.1. Type catalog: Inaba & Motomura 2018:61 [ref. 36154]. Published about 20 Feb. 1835. Correct spelling of original genus is Pelor. •Valid as Inimicus cuvieri (Gray 1835) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:486 [ref. 6385], Kyushin et al. 1982:272 [ref. 19754], Chen et al. 1997:169 [ref. 26476], Imamura & Yabe 1998:53 [ref. 23352], Poss 1999:2316 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Allen & Adrim 2003:30 [ref. 26830], Motomura 2009:73 [ref. 30446], Allen & Erdmann 2012:241 [ref. 31980], Yoshida et al. 2013:84 [ref. 34464], Inaba & Motomura 2018:61 [ref. 36154], Kwik & Lim 2020:20 [ref. 38869], Psomadakis et al. 2020:364 [ref. 37272], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:120 [ref. 41223], Vilasri et al. 2023:77 [ref. 40764], Allen & Erdmann 2024:259 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Inimicus cuvieri (Gray 1835). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Myanmar and Andaman Sea east to Philippines, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

cynocephalus, Paracentropogon Weber [M.] 1913:501, Fig. 103 [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Molo Strait, Siboga station 51, depth 90-54 m; Flores Sea, 8°30'S, 119°07.5'E, station 310, depth 73 meters. Syntypes: ZMA 110231-33 (1, 2, 1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:82 [ref. 19236]. •Synonym of Cottapistus cottoides (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Cottapistus cottoides (Linnaeus 1758). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

cypho, Prosopodasys Fowler [H. W.] 1938:86, Fig. 39 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 85 (no. 3032); ref. 1426] Davao, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 98902. •Valid as Vespicula cypho (Fowler 1938) -- (Poss 1999:2351 [ref. 24796]). •Valid as Pseudovespicula cypho (Fowler 1938) -- (Chungthanawong & Motomura 2021:[5] [ref. 38168]). Current status: Valid as Pseudovespicula cypho (Fowler 1938). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines. Habitat: marine.

daector, Deleastes Seale [A.] 1906:81, Fig. 22 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3999] Tahiti, Society Islands. Holotype (unique): BPBM 1360. •Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:359 [ref. 6391]). Current status: Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

darnleyensis, Tetraroge Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:278, Pl. 6 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Erub [= Darnley] Island, 9°35'S, 143°46'E, Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS I.16352-001 [ex MAMU F761]. Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:207 [ref. 19518]. •Valid as Tetraroge darnleyensis Alleyne & Macleay 1877 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:452 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Richardsonichthys leucogaster (Richardson 1848) -- (Allen et al. 2006:902 [ref. 29078]). Current status: Synonym of Richardsonichthys leucogaster (Richardson 1848). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

daruma, Dampierosa Whitley [G. P.] 1932:346, Pl. 38 (figs. 2-3) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 18 (no. 6); ref. 4674] Off Broome, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS IA.5116. Type catalog: Matsunuma & Motomura 2021:[3] [ref. 38472]. •Valid as Erosa daruma (Whitley 1932) -- (Poss 1999:2307 [ref. 24796], Allen et al. 2006:904 [ref. 29078]). •Valid as Dampierosa daruma Whitley 1932 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:367 [ref. 6391], Allen & Swainston 1988:48 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:440 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:76 [ref. 23977], Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Matsunuma & Motomura 2021:[3] [ref. 38472]). Current status: Valid as Dampierosa daruma Whitley 1932. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Broome to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia). Habitat: marine.

dempsterae, Minous Eschmeyer [W. N.], Hallacher [L. E.] & Rama-Rao [K. V.] 1979:469, Figs. 1, 2e, 8b, 9 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 41 (no. 20); ref. 1277] Off western India, 21°11'-08'N, 69°16'-13'E, depth 70-72 meters. Holotype: USNM 218417. Paratypes: ANSP 136720 (2); BMNH 1978.4.19.1-2 (2); CAS 13883-84 (3, 3), 13886-87 (1, 3), 13891 (3), 13892 (2, c&s), 14508-09 (1, 5); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 953 (2); USNM 218418-21 (2, 4, 1, 2); ZSI F7401/2 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:153 [ref. 13621]. See Das 2003:378 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Minous dempsterae Eschmeyer, Hallacher & Rama-Rao 1979 -- (Randall 1995:107 [ref. 22896], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Psomadakis et al. 2015:187 [ref. 34104], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:251 [ref. 36053], Eagderi et al. 2019:129 [ref. 37020], Naranji et al. 2022:[7] 418 [ref. 39305], Poss 2022:573 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Minous dempsterae Eschmeyer, Hallacher & Rama-Rao 1979. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to eastern India. Habitat: marine.

depressifrons, Apistes Richardson [J.] 1848:1, Pl. 3 (figs. 1-2) [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Samarang; ref. 3744] Sea of Japan. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Vespicula depressifrons (Richardson 1848) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:102 [ref. 23448], Poss 1999:2352 [ref. 24796]). •Valid as Neovespicula depressifrons (Richardson 1848) -- (Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989], Miesen et al. 2016:88 [ref. 34492]). Current status: Valid as Neovespicula depressifrons (Richardson 1848). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine.

dermacanthus, Apistus Bleeker [P.] 1852:268 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 16825] Wahai, northern Ceram, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5884. •Valid as Cocotropus dermacanthus (Bleeker 1852) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Poss & Allen 1987:79 [ref. 6616], Poss 1999:2357 [ref. 24796], Imamura & Shinohara 2003:233 [ref. 27213], Fricke 2004:2 [ref. 27662], Johnson 2004:179 [ref. 27781], Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:251 [ref. 31980], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266], Allen & Erdmann 2024:268 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus dermacanthus (Bleeker 1852). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Seychelles, Indonesia, Philippines, and Chesterfield Islands (New Caledonia). IUCN (2018): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

deruptus, Glyptauchen panduratus Whitley [G. P.] 1931:117 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 4673] St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia. No types known. Based on Glyptauchen panduratus of Castelnau 1872:244 [ref. 757], and Castelnau 1873:62 [ref. 758]. •Synonym of Glyptauchen panduratus (Richardson 1850) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:441 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:479 [ref. 22532], Allen et al. 2006:899 [ref. 29078]). Current status: Synonym of Glyptauchen panduratus (Richardson 1850). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

dezwaani, Cocotropus Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1915:275 [Fische aus dem Süsswasser von Nias; ref. 12414] Nias, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ZMA 100169. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:81 [ref. 19236]. Originally as de Zwaani. •Synonym of Acanthosphex leurynnis (Jordan & Seale 1905) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthosphex leurynnis (Jordan & Seale 1905). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Habitat: marine.

didactyla, Scorpaena Pallas [P. S.] 1769:26, Pl. 4 (figs. 1-3) [Spicilegia Zoologica v. 1 (fasc. 7); ref. 20848] Indian Ocean [Indonesia]. Holotype (unique): RMNH 669. Type catalog: Inaba & Motomura 2018:67 [ref. 36154]. •Valid as Inimicus didactylus (Pallas 1769) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:489 [ref. 6385], Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:318 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:48 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:442 [ref. 12442], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:571 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:76 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:101 [ref. 23965], Poss 1999:2316 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:596 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:596 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:30 [ref. 26830], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:38 [ref. 27510], Adrim et al. 2004:119 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:128 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:905 [ref. 29078], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:242 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:85 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:54 [ref. 33932], Inaba & Motomura 2018:67 [ref. 36154], Fricke et al. 2019:104 [ref. 36673], Kodeeswaran et al. 2020:[2] [ref. 37577], Kwik & Lim 2020:20 [ref. 38869], Sonoyama et al. 2020:46 [ref. 37637], Motomura in Motomura et al. 2021:17 [ref. 38121], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:121 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:260 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Inimicus didactylus (Pallas 1769). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: southeastern India; Singapore, Vietnam and Indonesia east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Solomon Islands, north to southern Sea of Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

digitata, Scorpaena Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:117 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Indian Ocean. No types known. •Synonym of Inimicus didactylus (Pallas 1769) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:489 [ref. 6385], Inaba & Motomura 2018:67 [ref. 36154]). Current status: Synonym of Inimicus didactylus (Pallas 1769). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

dolosus, Peristrominous Whitley [G. P.] 1952:25, Fig. 1 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 23 (no. 1); ref. 4716] Deception Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.10706 [ex DHMB 1013]. •Valid as Peristrominous dolosus Whitley 1952 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Allen & Swainston 1988:50 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:461 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:78 [ref. 23977], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:728 [ref. 25471], Mandrytsa 2001:272 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Johnson 2004:181 [ref. 27781], Allen et al. 2006:916 [ref. 29066], Larson et al. 2013:86 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35454]). Current status: Valid as Peristrominous dolosus Whitley 1952. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

dorsomaculata, Ocosia Chungthanawong [S.] & Motomura [H.] 2022:430, Figs. 1A-C [Zootaxa 5091 (no. 3); ref. 38963] Chesterfield Island, New Caledonia, 22°16'58.8"S, 159°25'01.2"E, depth 315 - 320 meters. Holotype: MNHN 2003-1836. Paratypes: (55) KAUM-I, MNHN, QM. •Valid as Ocosia dorsomaculata Chungthanawong & Motomura 2022. Current status: Valid as Ocosia dorsomaculata Chungthanawong & Motomura 2022. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Southwest Pacific: Coral Sea (Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia and New Caledonia). Habitat: marine.

dracaena, Apistus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:403 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Malabar coast, India. Syntypes: MHNG 148.43 (1); MNHN 0000-5743 (2), 7306 (2); SMF 389 [ex MNHN in 1830] (1); ZMB 807 (1), 808 (1). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:6 [ref. 20738], Paepke & Fricke 1992:268 [ref. 19946], Weber 1998:12 [ref. 32707] as dracoena. •Valid as Vespicula dracaena (Cuvier 1829) -- (Randall 1995:112 [ref. 22896] as dracaene, Carpenter et al. 1997:138 [ref. 23922] as dracaene, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377] as dracaene, Poss 2022:558 [ref. 39726]). •Valid as Pseudovespicula dracaena (Cuvier 1829) -- (Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Eagderi et al. 2019:130 [ref. 37020], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:311 [ref. 40698]). Current status: Valid as Pseudovespicula dracaena (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to India and Sri Lanka. Habitat: marine.

echigonius, Minous Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] 1904:153, Fig. 14 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 27 (no. 1351); ref. 2527] Niigata, Echigo, Japan. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 7370 [not 7380 as published]. •Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:461 [ref. 1277], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:116 [ref. 15964], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:252 [ref. 36053]). Current status: Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

echinatus, Corythobatus Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1027 [45], Pl. 13 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Penang, Malaysia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1860.2.19.33. On p. 45 of separate. •Valid as Cocotropus echinatus (Cantor 1849) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Poss & Allen 1987:79 [ref. 6616], Poss 1999:2357 [ref. 24796], Imamura & Shinohara 2003:233 [ref. 27213], Fricke 2004:2 [ref. 27662], Johnson 2004:179 [ref. 27781], Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Kwik & Lim 2020:23 [ref. 38869] as ecinatus, Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus echinatus (Cantor 1849). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

eksae, Cocotropus Prokofiev [A. M.] 2010:755 [724], Fig. 2 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 50 (no. 6); ref. 31093] Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea, market at fisherman's village (Cho Cua Be), Vietnam, depth less than 100 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMUU 21880. •Valid as Cocotropus eksae Prokofiev 2010 -- (Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus eksae Prokofiev 2010. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vietnam. Habitat: marine.

elongata, Synanceia Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:456 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Coromandel coast, southeastern India; Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: MNHN A-0905 (3) Puducherry; A-0980 (1, dry) Puducherry, 6592 (1) Java; SMF 1394 [ex RMNH in 1829] (1) Java. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:28-29 [ref. 20738]. •Synonym of Trachicephalus uranoscopus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:373 [ref. 6391], Kottelat 2013:316 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Trachicephalus uranoscopus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

elongatus, Membracidichthys (Adventor) Whitley [G. P.] 1952:27, Fig. 2 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 23 (no. 1); ref. 4716] Tiflis Passage, Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.10716 [ex DHMB 516]. •Valid as Adventor elongatus (Whitley 1952) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Allen & Swainston 1988:52 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:459 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:78 [ref. 23977], Poss 1999:2357 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:728 [ref. 25471], Mandrytsa 2001:272 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Johnson 2004:180 [ref. 27781], Allen et al. 2006:912 [ref. 29066], Larson et al. 2013:86 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Valid as Adventor elongatus (Whitley 1952). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Australia and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

erosa, Synanceia Cuvier [G.] (ex Langsdorff) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:459, Pl. 96 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Seas of Japan. Holotype (unique): ZMB 6490 (dry). Type catalog: Paepke & Fricke 1992:275 [ref. 19946], Matsunuma & Motomura 2021:[12] [ref. 38472]. •Valid as Erosa erosa (Cuvier 1829) [author often seen as Langsdorff] -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:364 [ref. 6391], Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:318 [ref. 6441], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:121 [ref. 15964], Allen & Swainston 1988:48 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:441 [ref. 12442], Motomura & Iwatsuki 1997:131 [ref. 23963], Allen 1997:76 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:169 [ref. 26476], Randall et al. 1997:502 [ref. 25919], Poss 1999:2315 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:727 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:598 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Choi et al. 2003:559 [ref. 26218], Randall 2005:127 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:904 [ref. 29078], Fricke et al. 2011:379 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:240 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:85 [ref. 32988], Kwik & Lim 2020:20 [ref. 38869], Sonoyama et al. 2020:46 [ref. 37637], Matsunuma & Motomura 2021:[12] [ref. 38472], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:120 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:258 [ref. 40796], Luo et al. 2024:9 [ref. 41630]). Current status: Valid as Erosa erosa (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: eastern Indonesia and Philippines east to Tonga, north to southern Korea and central Japan (including southern Sea of Japan), south to Shark Bay (Western Australia), southern Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

evolans, Apistus Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] 1904:146, Fig. 12 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 27 (no. 1351); ref. 2527] Tokyo, Japan. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 7373 [not 7393 as published]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:120 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:94 [ref. 15964], Choi et al. 2003:558 [ref. 26218]). Current status: Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Habitat: marine.

fasciata, Ocosia Matsubara [K.] 1943:443, Fig. 147 [Transactions Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo No. 2; ref. 2905] Kumano-Nada, Kii Peninsula, Japan. Holotype: FAKU 3048. Paratypes: FAKU 1769-72 (4), 1880 (1), 3049 (1), 3051 (1), 3053-59 (7), 3061 (1), 3066-68 (3), 3064 (1), 3069-74 (6), 3084 (1), 3143 (1), 3146-50 (5), 3163 (1), 4545 (1), 4570 (1), 4572 (1), 4947 (1). •Valid as Ocosia fasciata Matsubara 1943 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1975:5 [ref. 6388], Nakabo in Masuda et al. 1984:319 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:600 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Shinohara et al. 2001:314 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:600 [ref. 26001], Shinohara et al. 2005:424 [ref. 28370], Fricke 2017:7 [ref. 35552], Sonoyama et al. 2020:46 [ref. 37637], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2022:438 [ref. 38963]). Current status: Valid as Ocosia fasciata Matsubara 1943. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific:southern China to southern Sea of Japan. Habitat: marine.

faurei, Apistus Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1908:176 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 6 (pt 2); ref. 14320] Off Umhlanga River mouth, 2.5 miles, South Africa, depth 22-26 fathoms. Holotype (unique): ?BMNH 1930.1.14.4 [ex SAM]. •Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer 1986:464 [ref. 5652]). Current status: Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Habitat: marine.

filamentosum, Pelor Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:428, Pl. 94 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-6714. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:27 [ref. 20738], Inaba & Motomura 2018:69 [ref. 36154]. •Valid as Inimicus filamentosus (Cuvier 1829) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:484 [ref. 6385], Dor 1984:87 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:21 [ref. 25356], Fricke 1999:155 [ref. 24106], Poss 1999:2307 [ref. 24796], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Fricke et al. 2009:39 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2018:137 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:56 [ref. 36273], Inaba & Motomura 2018:69 [ref. 36154], Zajonz et al. 2019:69 [ref. 36871], Poss 2022:570 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Inimicus filamentosus (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles and Madagascar east to Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) and Maldives. Habitat: marine.

flava, Beridia Castelnau [F. L.] 1878:229, Pl. 2 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 761] Portland Bay, west coast of Victoria, Australia. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-4299. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:30 [ref. 20738]. As Baridia flava on Pl. 2. •Synonym of Gnathanacanthus goetzeei Bleeker 1854 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:464 [ref. 12442], Paxton et al. 2006:910 [ref. 28994]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathanacanthus goetzeei Bleeker 1854. Synanceiidae: Gnathanacanthinae. Habitat: marine.

florida, Kanekonia Tanaka [S.] 1915:566 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 27 (no. 325); ref. 4324] Nagasaki fish market, Japan. Holotype: ZUMT 6544. Paratypes: ?ZUMT 6375 (2). Species originally published in Japanese in above reference, later illustrated and described in more detail in English and Japanese in Tanaka 1918:510, Pl. 136 (fig. 380) [ref. 6037]. •Valid as Kanekonia florida Tanaka 1915 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Nakabo in Masuda et al. 1984:319 [ref. 6441], Motomura & Iwatsuki 1997:133 [ref. 23963], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:602 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:602 [ref. 26001], Johnson 2004:181 [ref. 27781], Johnson 2013:405 [ref. 33137]). Current status: Valid as Kanekonia florida Tanaka 1915. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

fratrum, Erosa Ogilby [J. D.] 1910:32 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 23; ref. 3288] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.1571 [ex AFAQ 4]. Type catalog: Matsunuma & Motomura 2021:[12] [ref. 38472]. •Synonym of Erosa erosa (Cuvier 1829) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:364 [ref. 6391], Paxton et al. 1989:441 [ref. 12442], Matsunuma & Motomura 2021:[12] [ref. 38472]). Current status: Synonym of Erosa erosa (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

fronto, Pataecus Richardson [J.] 1844:280 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 14 (no. 91) (art. 36); ref. 3738] Southern Australia. Holotype: BMNH 1844.9.3.11 (stuffed). See also Richardson 1844-48 [1846]:20, Pl. 13 (figs. 1-2) [ref. 3740]. •Valid as Pataecus fronto Richardson 1844 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:462 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:106 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:512 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:92 [ref. 25488], Johnson 2001:728 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Paxton et al. 2006:918 [ref. 28994], Johnson 2008:505 [ref. 30650]). Current status: Valid as Pataecus fronto Richardson 1844. Synanceiidae: Pataecinae. Distribution: Temperate Australia. Habitat: marine.

fuscovirens, Apistus Cuvier [G.] (ex Quoy & Gaimard) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:409 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Originally as fusco-virens. Subjective synonym of Apistus longispinus Cuvier; Bleeker (1876) apparently gives precedence to longispinus. •Synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

gallus, Tetraroge Kossmann [R.] & Räuber [H.] 1877:395 [Verhandlungen des Naturhistorisch-Medizinischen Vereins zu Heidelberg. v. 1; ref. 18432] Coral reef off west side of Um Aabak Island, Eritrea, Dahlak Archipelago, Red Sea, 15°43'02"N, 39°55'26"E, depth 1-2 meters. Neotype: HUJ 10635. Also appeared in Kossmann & Räuber 1877:15, Pisces Pl. 2 (fig. 6) [ref. 14246]. Neotype designated by Fricke et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35454]. •Valid as Ptarmus gallus (Kossmann & Räuber 1877) -- (Dor 1984:88 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356], DiBattista et al. 2015:19 [ref. 35706], Fricke et al. 2017:3, 8 [ref. 35454] as Parmus once, Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[4] 242 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:57 [ref. 36273], Poss 2022:562 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Ptarmus gallus (Kossmann & Räuber 1877). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

goetzeei, Gnathanacanthus Bleeker [P.] 1854:126 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 34229] Derwent River, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5905. Described in more detail by Bleeker 1855:21, Fig. 1 [ref. 346], misspelled Gnathacanthus and goetzei by Bleeker on p. 31 (plate legend) [ref. 346]. Bleeker says named for J. W. Goetzee, so goetzeei is correct •Valid as Gnathanacanthus goetzeei Bleeker 1854 (often dated 1855) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:464 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:108 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:513 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:94 [ref. 25488], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Paxton et al. 2006:910 [ref. 28994], Johnson 2008:506 [ref. 30650]). Current status: Valid as Gnathanacanthus goetzeei Bleeker 1854. Synanceiidae: Gnathanacanthinae. Distribution: Australia: Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

gogorzae, Prosopodasys Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1905:792, Fig. 11 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1407); ref. 2495] Negros, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 52054. •Synonym of Trichosomus trachinoides (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:316 [ref. 32989], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2021:[5] [ref. 38168]) Current status: Synonym of Trichosomus trachinoides (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

gracile, Ocosia Fowler [H. W.] 1943:70, Fig. 14 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 100, v. 14 (pt 2); ref. 1441] Off Ose Saki Light, 32°31'10"N, 128°33'20"E, 10-20 miles southwestern Goto Islands, Japan, Albatross station D.4903, depth 139 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 99513. Paratypes: USNM 99514 (1). •Synonym of Ocosia fasciata Matsubara 1943 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1975:4 [ref. 6388]). Current status: Synonym of Ocosia fasciata Matsubara 1943. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

greenmani, Leptosynanceia Fowler [H. W.] 1905:507, Fig. 12 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 57; ref. 1370] Baram River, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Holotype: ANSP 114884 [ex WIAP 2349]. Paratypes: ANSP 114885 [ex WIAP 2381] (1), 114886 [ex WIAP 2509] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:153 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Leptosynanceia asteroblepa (Richardson 1844) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:375 [ref. 6391], Kottelat 2013:316 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Leptosynanceia asteroblepa (Richardson 1844). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

groeneveldi, Minous Matsunuma [M.] & Motomura [H.] 2018:219, Figs. 11-13A-C, 20A-B, 21F [Zootaxa 4455 (no. 2); ref. 36053] Bali Strait, Indonesia, 08°42'S, 115°05'E, depth 30 meters. Holotype (unique): NTM S.11031-002. •Valid as Minous groeneveldi Matsunuma & Motomura 2018 -- (Miyamoto et al. 2021:52 [ref. 38311], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:121 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Minous groeneveldi Matsunuma & Motomura 2018. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Bali (Indonesia); Lembeh Strait (Maluku, Indonesia); Ryukyu Islands (Japan). Habitat: marine.

grossa, Synanceia Gray [J. E.] 1830:no page number, Pl. 97 [Illustrations of Indian zoology; ref. 1878] Singapore. Published about 30 Mar. 1830. Genus spelled Synanacea in list of plates. •Synonym of Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:352 [ref. 6391]). Current status: Synonym of Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus 1766). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gruzovi, Inimicus Mandrytsa [S. A.] 1991:151, Figs. 1, 2b [Zoologicheskii Zhurnal v. 70 (no. 1) (for 12 Dec. 1990); ref. 19170] Coral Sea, 25°14'N, 159°46'E, depth 80 meters. Holotype: ZIN 49181. Paratypes: ZIN 49182 (1). Type catalog: Inaba & Motomura 2018:71 [ref. 36154]. •Valid as Inimicus gruzovi Mandrytsa 1991 -- (Poss 1999:2307 [ref. 24796], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Inaba & Motomura 2018:71 [ref. 36154]). Current status: Valid as Inimicus gruzovi Mandrytsa 1991. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Chesterfield Islands and northern Lord Howe Rise (New Caledonia). Habitat: marine.

guentheri, Holoxenus Johnston [R. M.] 1883:115 [Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1882; ref. 18337] No types known. •Synonym of Gnathanacanthus goetzeei Bleeker 1854 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:464 [ref. 12442], Paxton et al. 2006:910 [ref. 28994]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathanacanthus goetzeei Bleeker 1854. Synanceiidae: Gnathanacanthinae. Habitat: marine.

guentheri, Tetraroge Boulenger [G. A.] 1889:239, Pl. 25 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889 (pt 2); ref. 14491] Muscat, Oman, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1888.12.29.145. •Valid as Snyderina guentheri (Boulenger 1889) -- (Randall 1995:112 [ref. 22896], Mandrytsa 2001:279 [ref. 25636], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Psomadakis et al. 2015:186 [ref. 34104], Naranji & Kandula 2017:10130 [ref. 37911], Psomadakis et al. 2020:364 [ref. 37272], Poss 2022:556 [ref. 39726], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:310 [ref. 40698]). Current status: Valid as Snyderina guentheri (Boulenger 1889). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Gulf of Oman east to Myanmar. Habitat: marine.

gymnoderma, Tetraroge Gilchrist [J. D. F.] 1906:147, Pl. 37 (top) [Marine Investigations in South Africa v. 4; ref. 1647] Cape St. Blaize, Baird Island Lighthouse, False Island, Rockland Point, Seal Island, Fish Hook Bay, South Africa, depth 5-59 fathoms. Syntypes: (9 lots) BMNH 1905.1.7.7-9 (3), 1930.1.14.6 (1). •Valid as Coccotropsis gymnoderma (Gilchrist 1906) -- (Poss 1986:479 [ref. 6296], Mandrytsa 2001:277 [ref. 25636], Poss 2022:552 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Coccotropsis gymnoderma (Gilchrist 1906). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic and western Indian Ocean: Western Cape and eastern Cape (South Africa). Habitat: marine.

gymnothorax, Ablabys Chungthanawong [S.] & Motomura [H.] 2018:120, Fig. 4 [Ichthyological Research v. 66 (no. 1); ref. 36252] Off Kasasa, Minami-satsuma, Kagoshima, Japan, 31°25'44"N, 130°11'49"E, depth 27 meters. Holotype: KAUM-I. 77808. Paratypes: NMMB, NSMT. •Valid as Ablabys gymnothorax Chungthanawong & Motomura 2018. Current status: Valid as Ablabys gymnothorax Chungthanawong & Motomura 2018. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Japan, Taiwan and Vietnam. Habitat: marine.

hamiltoni, Tetraroge De Vis [C. W.] 1884:460 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4898] Moreton Bay and Tweed River, Australia. Syntypes: QM I.116 (1) Dunwich. •Synonym of Centropogon australis (Shaw 1790) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:439 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:897 [ref. 29078]). Current status: Synonym of Centropogon australis (Shaw 1790). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hawkesburyensis, Centropogon Krefft [J. L. G.] 1862:12 [List of the Australian reptiles and fresh water fishes in the collection of the Australian Musuem, Sydney; ref. 20234] Not available, name only and locality (Upper Hawkesbury R. near Richmond, N. S. W., Australia). •In the synonymy of Notesthes robusta (Günther 1860) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:445 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:901 [ref. 29078]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Notesthes robusta (Günther 1860). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae.

hongkongiensis, Cocotropus Chan [W. L.] 1966:12, Fig. 1 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 14 (nos 1-3); ref. 7950] West shore of Sharp Island, inside of Port Shelter, Hong Kong, depth 2-7 feet. Holotype: BMNH 1965.11.6.4. •Valid as Cocotropus hongkongienesis Chan 1966 -- (Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796]). •Tentatively valid as Paraploactis hongkongiensis (Chan 1966) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:420 [ref. 6387]). •Valid as Paraploactis hongkongiensis (Chan 1966) -- (Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Prokofiev 2012:322 [ref. 32052]). Current status: Valid as Paraploactis hongkongiensis (Chan 1966). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

horrenda, Aploactisoma milesii Whitley [G. P.] 1933:100, Pl. 13 (fig. 3) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 4677] New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: AMS IA.4723. Paratypes: AMS IA.2402 (1), IA.5832 (1), A.9957 (1), I.1830-31 (1, 1). •Status uncertain -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387]). •Synonym of Aploactisoma milesii (Richardson 1850) -- (Allen et al. 2006:913 [ref. 29066]). Current status: Synonym of Aploactisoma milesii (Richardson 1850). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Habitat: marine.

horrida, Scorpaena Linnaeus [C.] 1766:453 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. No types known. Based on multiple sources, including 'Perca alepidota: dorso monopterygio ...' of Gronow 1763:88 [ref. 1910] and 'Ikan sowangi-bezar, De groote toverfisch' of Valentyn 1726:399, fig. 170 [ref. 30358]. St. Helena record probably in error (Edwards & Glass 1987:670 [ref. 9166]). •Valid as Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:352 [ref. 6391], Allen & Swainston 1988:48 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:452 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:84 [ref. 15987], Randall 1995:113 [ref. 22896], Yoshino et al. 1997:97 [ref. 23355], Allen 1997:76 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:353 [ref. 23967], Randall et al. 1997:84 [ref. 25919], Poss 1999:2348 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:728 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:598 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:598 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:30 [ref. 26830], Randall 2005:128 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:906 [ref. 29078], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:244 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:85 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:54 [ref. 33932], Brown et al. 2019:185 [ref. 36444], Kwik & Lim 2020:21 [ref. 38869], Matsunuma et al. 2021:[6] [ref. 38413], Poss 2022:576 [ref. 39726], Allen & Erdmann 2024:262 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus 1766). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India and Sri Lanka east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern China, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia) and southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland (Australia). IUCN (2018): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hypselopterus, Apistus Bleeker [P.] 1851:238 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 331] Banda Neira, Banda Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique) (?): RMNH 5878. •Questionably a synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

indicus, Centropogon Day [F.] 1875:155, Pl. 38 (fig. 2) [The fishes of India Part 1; ref. 1080] Madras, India. Holotype (unique): ZSI F1734. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:154 [ref. 20743], Whitehead & Talwar 1976:159 [ref. 23762]. •Questionably a synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

indicus, Uranoscopus Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:456 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Manuscript name mentioned in passing under Synanceia elongata, not available. •In the synonymy of Trachicephalus uranoscopus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:373 [ref. 6391], Kottelat 2013:316 [ref. 32989]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Trachicephalus uranoscopus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae.

inermis, Minous Alcock [A. W.] 1889:299, Pl. 22 (fig. 4) [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 58 (pt 2, no. 3); ref. 84] East of the Sacramento Shoal on the Godavari coast, Bay of Bengal [eastern Indian Ocean], Investigator station 46, depth 70 fathoms. Syntypes: ZSI F12444-45 (2). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:154 [ref. 20743]. Figured in Alcock 1898: Pl. 18 (fig. 3) [ref. 20534]. •Valid as Minous inermis Alcock 1889 -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:463 [ref. 1277], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:219 [ref. 24016], Goren & Dor 1994:21 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:107 [ref. 22896], Chen et al. 1997:169 [ref. 26476], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Psomadakis et al. 2015:187 [ref. 34104], Matsunuma et al. 2017:[2] 1288 [ref. 35795], Golani & Fricke 2018:57 [ref. 36273], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:252 [ref. 36053], Psomadakis et al. 2020:365 [ref. 37272], Naranji et al. 2022:[8] 419 [ref. 39305], Poss 2022:573 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Minous inermis Alcock 1889. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northern Indian Ocean: Somalia and Gulf of Oman east to Myanmar and west coast of Thailand. Habitat: marine.

insidiator, Glyptauchen Whitley [G. P.] 1931:118, Pl. 14 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 4673] Kurnell, Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS IA.4634. •Valid as Glyptauchen insidiator Whitley 1931 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:441 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Glyptauchen panduratus (Richardson 1850) -- (Gomon et al. 1994:479 [ref. 22532], Allen et al. 2006:899 [ref. 29078]). Current status: Synonym of Glyptauchen panduratus (Richardson 1850). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

intonsa, Paraploactis Poss [S. G.] & Eschmeyer [W. N.] 1978:414, Figs. 2, 9 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 41 (no. 18); ref. 6387] Shark Bay, Western Australia. Holotype: WAM P.12100-001. Paratypes: CAS 39599 [ex WAM P.5378] (1), 39600 [ex WAM P.5388-001] (1, c&s); WAM P.4714-001 (1), P.5874-001 (1), P.6069-001 (1), P.8923-001 (1), P.14683-001 (1), P.23605-001 (1), P.25840-001 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:17 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:18 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Paraploactis intonsa Poss & Eschmeyer 1978 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:52 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:461 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:80 [ref. 23977], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:915 [ref. 29066], Prokofiev 2008:308 [ref. 29592], Prokofiev 2012:321 [ref. 32052]). Current status: Valid as Paraploactis intonsa Poss & Eschmeyer 1978. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Australia: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

inusitatus, Matsubarichthys Poss [S. G.] & Johnson [G. D.] 1991:469, Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 104 (no. 3); ref. 19139] One Tree Island, Capricorn Group, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 23°30'S, 152°05'E. Holotype (unique): AMS I.29335-001 [not 29395]. •Valid as Matsubarichthys inusitatus Poss & Johnson 1991 -- (Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Leis et al. 2004:580 [ref. 27981], Allen et al. 2006:914 [ref. 29066]). Current status: Valid as Matsubarichthys inusitatus Poss & Johnson 1991. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Habitat: marine.

iridea, Erosa Ogilby [J. D.] 1910:113 [On some new fishes from the Queensland coast; ref. 3289] 19 miles N, 30°W, off Double Island Point, Queensland, Australia, depth 33 fathoms. Holotype (unique): QM I.1577. Type catalog: Matsunuma & Motomura 2021:[12] [ref. 38472]. For remarks on types see Imamura & Hoese 2020:[8] [ref. 37793]. •Synonym of Erosa erosa (Cuvier 1829) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:364 [ref. 6391], Paxton et al. 1989:441 [ref. 12442], Matsunuma & Motomura 2021:[12] [ref. 38472]). Current status: Synonym of Erosa erosa (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

israelitarum, Apistus Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:396 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] El-Tor, Sinai coast, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, ca. 28°14'N, 33°36'E. Holotype: ZMB 806. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:60 [ref. 20738], Paepke & Fricke 1992:268 [ref. 19946]. Spelled israelitorum by Swainson 1839:165 [ref. 4304]. •Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Dor 1984:81 [ref. 29757], Golani & Fricke 2018:56 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Habitat: marine.

izuensis, Cocotropus Imamura [H.], Aizawa [M.] & Shinohara [G.] 2010:2, Figs. 1-6 [Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science (Ser. A) Supplement No. 4; ref. 30770] Izu Oceanic Park, Jogasaki, east coast of Izu Peninsula, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, 34°53'01"N, 139°07'59"E, depth 17 meters. Holotype: KPM-NI 22797 [ex IOP 3306]. Paratypes: many at CMNH-ZF, HUMZ, KPM-NI, NSMT. •Valid as Cocotropus izuensis Imamura, Aizawa & Shinohara 2010 -- (Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266], Yoshida & Tanabe 2024:1 [ref. 41424]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus izuensis Imamura, Aizawa & Shinohara 2010. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western Pacific: northern East China Sea, southern Sea of Japan (Japan) and Pacific coast of central Honshu (Japan). Habitat: marine.

jacksoniana, Scorpaena Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:327 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Port Jackson, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: MNHN 0000-6640. •Synonym of Centropogon australis (Shaw 1790) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:439 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:897 [ref. 29078]). Current status: Synonym of Centropogon australis (Shaw 1790). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

japonicum, Pelor Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:437, Pl. 93 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Coast of China and seas of Japan. Syntypes: not at MNHN. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:60 [ref. 20738], Inaba & Motomura 2018:75 [ref. 36154]. •Valid as Inimicus japonicus (Cuvier 1829) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:493 [ref. 6385], Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:318 [ref. 6441], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:118 [ref. 15964], Cheng & Zhou 1997:418 [ref. 26385], Motomura & Iwatsuki 1997:131 [ref. 23963], Poss 1999:2307 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:596 [ref. 25086], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Shimizu 2001:26 [ref. 25799], Wang et al. 2001:289 [ref. 26566] with authors as Cuvier & Valenciennes, Nakabo 2002:596 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:242, 559 [ref. 26218], Inaba & Motomura 2018:75 [ref. 36154], Kim et al. 2020:95 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:46 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Inimicus japonicus (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: northern Vietnam and China east to Korea and southern Sea of Japan. Habitat: marine.

japonicus, Neocentropogon aeglefinus Matsubara [K.] 1943:432, Fig. 144 [Transactions Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo No. 2; ref. 2905] Kôti, Kochi Province, Japan. Holotype: FAKU 1761. Paratypes: [2 uncataloged specimens found in 1997] FAKU 1762 (1), 6075-76 (2). •Synonym of Neocentropogon aeglefinus (Weber 1913), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Nakabo in Masuda et al. 1984:319 [ref. 6441], Chen et al. 1997:171 [ref. 26476], Nakabo 2000:599 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2001:314 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:599 [ref. 26001], Ogihara & Motomura 2012:139 [ref. 32409]). •Valid as Neocentropogon japonicus Matsubara 1943 -- (Klausewitz 1985:21 [ref. 5806], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Ho et al. 2009:28 [ref. 31217], Quéro et al. 2011:99 [ref. 31629], Fricke et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35210], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2021:[12] [ref. 38168], Luo et al. 2024:9 [ref. 41630]). Current status: Valid as Neocentropogon japonicus Matsubara 1943. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: South China Sea and Philippines north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

joubini, Chorismopelor Chevey [P.] 1927:222, Fig. [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 33 (no. 3); ref. 829] Haiphong market, Tonkin, northern Vietnam. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1926-0398. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:26 [ref. 20738]. •Valid as Inimicus joubini (Chevey 1927) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:492 [ref. 6385], Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:318 [ref. 6441], Poss 1999:2307 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:596 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Nakabo 2002:596 [ref. 26001]). •Synonym of Inimicus japonicus (Cuvier 1829) -- (Inaba & Motomura 2018:75 [ref. 36154]). Current status: Synonym of Inimicus japonicus (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

jubatus, Coccotropus Smith [J. L. B.] 1935:223, Pl. 18 (fig. B) [Records of the Albany Museum Grahamstown v. 4; ref. 4066] KwaZulu-Natal coast, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 298. Original genus name should have been Cocotropus. •Valid as Ptarmus jubatus (Smith 1935) -- (Poss 1986:480 [ref. 6296], Fricke et al. 2017:3, 8 [ref. 35454], Poss 2022:563 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Ptarmus jubatus (Smith 1935). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) north to southern Mozambique. Habitat: marine.

kagoshimensis, Tetraroge Ishikawa [C.] 1904:13, Pl. 8 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Department of Natural History, Tokyo Imperial Museum v. 1; ref. 9847] Kagoshima, Japan. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Paraploactis kagoshimensis (Ishikawa 1904) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:416 [ref. 6387], Nakabo in Masuda et al. 1984:319 [ref. 6441], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:601 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:68 [ref. 25480], Nakabo 2002:601 [ref. 26001], Randall 2005:130 [ref. 28239], Prokofiev 2008:308 [ref. 29592], Prokofiev 2012:332 [ref. 32052], Kimura & Imamura in Kimura et al. 2018:83 [ref. 36460]). Current status: Valid as Paraploactis kagoshimensis (Ishikawa 1904). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific. northern Vietnam, southern China and Taiwan to Japan. Habitat: marine.

keramaensis, Cocotropus Imamura [H.] & Shinohara [G.] 2003:233, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Research v. 50 (no. 3); ref. 27213] South of Kerama Islands, southern Japan, 29°59.5'N, 127°13.6'E, depth 85 meters. Holotype (unique): NSMT-P 61997. •Valid as Cocotropus keramaensis Imamura & Shinohara 2003 -- (Fricke 2004:2 [ref. 27662], Johnson 2004:180 [ref. 27781], Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266], Shinohara & Imamura 2021:3 [ref. 38537]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus keramaensis Imamura & Shinohara 2003. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Kerama Islands, Okinawa (Ryukyu Islands, Japan) endemic. Habitat: marine.

languidus, Ptarmus Smith [J. L. B.] 1947:816 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 11) v. 13 (no. 108) (art. 77); ref. 4073] Inhaca Island, Delagoa Bay, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 332. •Synonym of Ptarmus jubatus (Smith 1935) -- (Poss 1986:480 [ref. 6296], Fricke et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35454]). Current status: Synonym of Ptarmus jubatus (Smith 1935). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Habitat: marine.

larvatus, Cocotropus Poss [S. G.] & Allen [G. R.] 1987:79, Fig. 1 [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 6616] Outside reef off Ennubuj Islet, Kwahalein Atoll, Marshall Islands, depth 15 meters. Holotype: BPBM 29211. Paratypes: BPBM 22297 (1); URM P4282 (2); USNM 280267 (1); WAM P.29008-001 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:17 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:18 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Cocotropus larvatus Poss & Allen 1987 -- (Myers 1999:102 [ref. 23965], Poss 1999:2357 [ref. 24796], Allen 2000:86 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:601 [ref. 25086], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:601 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:30 [ref. 26830], Imamura & Shinohara 2003:233 [ref. 27213], Myers & Donaldson 2003:619 [ref. 27495] as Cocotropis, Fricke 2004:2 [ref. 27662], Johnson 2004:180 [ref. 27781], Imamura 2009:71 [ref. 30434], Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Allen & Erdmann 2012:252 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33932] with Bleeker 1852 as author, Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266], Allen & Erdmann 2024:269 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus larvatus Poss & Allen 1987. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: eastern Andaman Sea and Christmas Island east to Marshall Islands and New Guinea, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: marine.

latifrons, Centropogon australis Mees [G. F.] 1962:28, Pl. 1 [Fisheries Bulletin Western Australia No. 9 (pt 3); ref. 6084] Cheyne Beach, east of Albany, Western Australia. Holotype: WAM P.5140-001. Paratypes: RMNH 24582 [ex WAM] (1); WAM P.4871-001 (orig 2, now 1), P.4872-001 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:16 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:17 [ref. 30117] •Synonym of Centropogon australis (White 1790) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:439 [ref. 12442]). •Valid as Centropogon latifrons Mees 1962 -- (Gomon et al. 1994:478 [ref. 22532], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:897 [ref. 29078], Johnson & Motomura 2008:500 [ref. 30648], Hoschke et al. 2019:155 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Centropogon latifrons Mees 1962. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia, South Australia. Habitat: marine.

leichhardti, Kanekonia Johnson [J. W.] 2013:398, Figs. 1A-B, 4A-C, 6A [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum Ser. Nature, v. 58; ref. 33137] Gulf of Carpenteria, 13°01.3"S, 140°12'E, dredge in 63 meters, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: QM-I130099. Paratypes: QM-I130046 (1), I33325 (1). •Valid as Kanekonia leichhardti Johnson 2013. Current status: Valid as Kanekonia leichhardti Johnson 2013. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Queensland, Australia. Habitat: marine.

leucogaster, Apistes Richardson [J.] 1848:5, Pl. 5 (figs. 1-2) [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Samarang; ref. 3744] Sea of China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1979.11.1.1. •Valid as Tetraroge leucogaster (Richardson 1848) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:50 [ref. 25477]). •Valid as Richardsonichthys leucogaster (Richardson 1848) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:447 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:80 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:78 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:80 [ref. 25919], Poss 1999:2333 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:30 [ref. 26830], Adrim et al. 2004:119 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:129 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:902 [ref. 29078], Prokofiev 2008:304 [ref. 29592], Motomura 2009:70 [ref. 30446], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Larson et al. 2013:84 [ref. 32988], Kwik & Lim 2020:18 [ref. 38869], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:123 [ref. 41223], Poss 2022:555 [ref. 39726], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:311 [ref. 40698], Allen & Erdmann 2024:266 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Richardsonichthys leucogaster (Richardson 1848). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa and Seychelles east to Philippines and West Papua (Indonesia), north to southern China, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN (2018): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

leucometopon, Congiopus Waite [E. R.] 1922:216, Fig. 333 [Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 17825] Beach at Glenelg, St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia. Holotype: SAMA F455. Paratypes: SAMA F663 (1). •Valid as Perryena leucometopon (Waite 1922) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:475 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:526 [ref. 22532], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:29 [ref. 25847], Paxton et al. 2006:908 [ref. 28994], Ishii & Imamura 2008:160 [ref. 29610] as incertae sedis in Congiopodidae, Gomon 2008:507 [ref. 30616], Honma et al. 2013:1 [ref. 32416], Hoschke et al. 2019:155 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Perryena leucometopon (Waite 1922). Synanceiidae: Perryeninae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: Western Australia, South Australia; New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

leucoprosopos, Apistus Bleeker [P.] 1856:35 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1; ref. 311] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5875. Centropogon leucoprosopon Günther 1860:130 [ref. 1963] was an unjustified emendation, but that spelling was adopted by Bleeker himself (1876) and others; we suggest continuing the emended spelling if this species is found to be valid. •Questionably a synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

leurynnis, Prosopodasys Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1905:525, Fig. 5 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 29 (no. 1433); ref. 10646] Hong Kong. Holotype: USNM 52081. Paratypes: CAS-SU 24007 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:121 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Acanthosphex leurynnis (Jordan & Seale 1905) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Vidthayanon & Bettencourt 1988 [ref. 19208], Poss 1999:2357 [ref. 24796], Mandrytsa 2001:272 [ref. 25636], Johnson 2004:186 [ref. 27781], Allen et al. 2006:912 [ref. 29066], Imamura 2009:71 [ref. 30434], Allen & Erdmann 2012:251 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:86 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:82 [ref. 34464], Fricke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33932], Motomura et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35490], Kwik & Lim 2020:22 [ref. 38869], Matsunuma in Motomura et al. 2021:18 [ref. 38121], Poss 2022:560 [ref. 39726], Allen & Erdmann 2024:268 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Acanthosphex leurynnis (Jordan & Seale 1905). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Sri Lanka and east coast of India east to southern China; southern Indonesia and New Guinea south to southern Australia; antiequatorial. IUCN (2018): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

lichen, Aploactis De Vis [C. W.] 1884:461 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4898] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.75. •Synonym of Paraploactis trachyderma Bleeker 1865 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:411 [ref. 6387], Paxton et al. 1989:461 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:915 [ref. 29066]). Current status: Synonym of Paraploactis trachyderma Bleeker 1865. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Habitat: marine.

lineatus, Choridactylus Poss [S. G.] & Mee [J. K. L.] 1995:2, Fig. 1 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 42 (no. 1); ref. 21656] South coast of Oman off Salalah, Arabian Sea, 16°52'N, 54°09'E to 16°51'N, 54°11'E, depth 41-42 meters. Holotype: CAS 73230. Paratypes: BPBM 34505 (1). •Valid as Chloridactylus lineatus Poss & Mee 1995 -- (Randall 1995:106 [ref. 22896]). •Synonym of Choridactylus striatus Mandrytsa 1993, a species described just prior to (and unknown to) Poss & Mee -- (W.N.E.). Current status: Synonym of Choridactylus striatus Mandrytsa 1993. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

livingstonei, Paracentropogon vespa Whitley [G. P.] 1933:94, Pl. 13 (fig. 1) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 4677] Between Broome and Cape Bossutt, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS IA.4236. •Synonym of Paracentropogon vespa Ogilby 1910 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:446 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:901 [ref. 29078]). Current status: Synonym of Paracentropogon vespa Ogilby 1910. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

longimanus, Minous Regan [C. T.] 1908:236, Pl. 28 (fig. 2) [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Second Series. Zoology v. 12 (pt 3); ref. 3634] Saya de Malha Bank, Indian Ocean, depth 47 fathoms [circa 86 meters]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1908.3.23.178. •Synonym of Minous inermis Alcock 1899 -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:463 [ref. 1277]). •Valid as Minous longimanus Regan 1908 -- (Amaoka & Kanayama 1981:330 [ref. 5579], Manilo 1992:22 [131] [ref. 39140], Randall 1995:107 [ref. 22896], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:252 [ref. 36053], Poss 2022:574 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Minous longimanus Regan 1908. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Seychelles and Saya de Malha Bank. Habitat: marine.

longipinnis, Minous Lloyd [R. E.] 1909:162 [Memoirs of the Indian Museum v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 2814] Gulf of Oman,23°47'N, 58°30'30"E, Investigator station 341, depth 230 fathoms. Syntypes: ZSI 1158/1 (1), F1159/1 (1). Type catalog: Menon & Rama Rao 1971:344 [ref. 31198], Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:43 [ref. 22148]. Figured in Lloyd 1909: Pl. 47 (fig. 3) [ref. 20539]. •Synonym of Minous inermis Alcock 1889 -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:463 [ref. 1277]). Current status: Synonym of Minous inermis Alcock 1889. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

longispinis, Apistus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:408 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5287 (4), ZMB 810 (1). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:6 [ref. 20738], Paepke & Fricke 1992:268 [ref. 19946]. •Valid as Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:446 [ref. 12442] as longispinus, Poss 1999:2325 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:62 [ref. 25480] as longispinus, Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:177 [ref. 27511], Mandrytsa 2001:277 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:38 [ref. 27510], Randall 2005:129 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:901 [ref. 29078], Shao et al. 2008:246 [ref. 29952], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:247 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:84 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989], Motomura et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35490], Kwik & Lim 2020:17 [ref. 38869], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:123 [ref. 41223], Poss 2022:554 [ref. 39726], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:310 [ref. 40698], Allen & Erdmann 2024:265 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: southern India and Sri Lanka east to Philippines, north to Taiwan and southern China, south to northern Australia. IUCN (2018): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

macracanthus, Apistus Bleeker [P.] 1852:267 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 16825] Wahai, northern Ceram, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5882 (largest of 2). •Valid as Ablabys macracanthus (Bleeker 1852) -- (Poss 1999:2308 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:604 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Randall & Spreinat 2004:48 [ref. 27610], Prokofiev 2008:302 [ref. 29592], Allen & Erdmann 2012:246 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33932], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2018:127 [ref. 36252], Fricke et al. 2019:104 [ref. 36673], Psomadakis et al. 2020:363 [ref. 37272], Poss 2022:551 [ref. 39726], Murugan et al. 2023:[2] [ref. 40205], Allen & Erdmann 2024:264 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Ablabys macracanthus (Bleeker 1852). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives, southeastern India, Myanmar and Andaman Islands (India) east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Taiwan. IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

macrolepidotus, Apistus Ogilby [J. D.] 1910:108 [On some new fishes from the Queensland coast; ref. 3289] Low Bluff to Cape Gloucester, southern Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: (38) AMS I.13592 (1), QM I.1545 (1) Low Bluff. For remarks on types see Imamura & Hoese 2020:[8] [ref. 37793]. •Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:442 [ref. 12442] in Hypodytes, Allen et al. 2006:894 [ref. 29066]). Current status: Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Habitat: marine.

maculatum, Pelor Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:434 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Waigeo Island, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-6726. Non-types: SMF 445 [ex MNHN in 1830] (1) New Guinea. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:27 [ref. 20738]. •Synonym of Inimicus didactylus (Pallas 1769) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:489 [ref. 6385], Inaba & Motomura 2018:67 [ref. 36154]). Current status: Synonym of Inimicus didactylus (Pallas 1769). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

maculatus, Pataecus Günther [A.] 1861:292 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Fremantle, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1860.4.14.2. •Valid as Aetapcus maculatus (Günther 1861) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:462 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:107 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:510 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:92 [ref. 25488], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Paxton et al. 2006:917 [ref. 28994], Johnson 2008:504 [ref. 30650]). Current status: Valid as Aetapcus maculatus (Günther 1861). Synanceiidae: Pataecinae. Distribution: Australia: Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

maneae, Barffianus Curtiss [A.] 1944:13 [Further notes on the zoology of Tahiti.; ref. 12574] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. •Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801. Current status: Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

marleyi, Amblyapistus Regan [C. T.] 1919:202, Fig. 5 [Annals of the Durban Museum v. 2 (pt 4) (art. 18); ref. 15230] Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1919.4.1.32. •Synonym of Ablabys binotatus (Peters 1855) -- (Poss 1986:479 [ref. 6296]). Current status: Synonym of Ablabys binotatus (Peters 1855). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

marmoratus, Apistus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:416 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Timor Island, southern Malay Archipelago [probably in error for Western Australia]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-6523 (2). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:6 [ref. 20738]. •Valid as Gymnapistes marmoratus (Cuvier 1829) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:442 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:117 [ref. 23929], Kuiter 1997:84 [ref. 25488], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:899 [ref. 29078], Johnson & Motomura 2008:501 [ref. 30648]). Current status: Valid as Gymnapistes marmoratus (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Southern Australia: New South Wales to Western Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

marmoratus, Centropogon Günther [A.] 1862:190 [3], Pl. 27 (fig. B) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862 (pt 2) (art. 2) (for 24 June 1862); ref. 1970] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1861.1.6.44. On p. 3 of separate. •Synonym of Centropogon australis (White 1790) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:439 [ref. 12442]). •Valid as Centropogon marmoratus Günther 1862 -- (Poss 1999:2308 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:727 [ref. 25471], Allen et al. 2006:898 [ref. 29078]). Current status: Valid as Centropogon marmoratus Günther 1862. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

marmoratus, Parapistus Steindachner [F.] 1866:51 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 20460] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Appeared in abstract of Steindachner 1866 [ref. 4210] but not included in ref. 4210. An overlooked name, apparently a species of Apistus. Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Habitat: marine.

masudai, Cocotropus Matsubara [K.] 1943:470, Fig. 156 [Transactions Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo No. 2; ref. 2905] Hatizyô-zima, Idzu Islands, south of Tokyo, Japan. Holotype (unique): FAKU 1773. •Valid as Cocotropus masudai Matsubara 1943 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Nakabo in Masuda et al. 1984:319 [ref. 6441], Poss & Allen 1987:79 [ref. 6616], Poss 1999:2357 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:601 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:601 [ref. 26001], Imamura & Shinohara 2003:233 [ref. 27213], Fricke 2004:2 [ref. 27662], Johnson 2004:180 [ref. 27781], Imamura & Shinohara 2004:204 [ref. 27943], Imamura & Shinohara 2008:23 [ref. 29563], Imamura et al. 2010:1 [ref. 30770], Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Han et al. 2016:117 [ref. 38852], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus masudai Matsubara 1943. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Hachijo Island (Izu Islands, Japan); southern Korea. Habitat: marine.

melanostigma, Pseudosynanceia Day [F.] 1875:163, Pl. 55 (fig. 6) [The fishes of India Part 1; ref. 1080] Kurachi, Sind, Pakistan. Holotype (unique): ZSI 1761. Day specimens: AMS B.8183 (1). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:159 [ref. 23762], Ferraris et al. 2000:299 [ref. 25110]. •Valid as Pseudosynanceia melanostigma Day 1875 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:369 [ref. 6391], Randall 1995:110 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:136 [ref. 23922], Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Psomadakis et al. 2015:188 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:316 [ref. 36183], Eagderi et al. 2019:129 [ref. 37020], Poss 2022:576 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Pseudosynanceia melanostigma Day 1875. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to India. Habitat: marine.

melas, Apistus Bleeker [P.] 1850:26 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 16886] Padang, western Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ?RMNH 5880 (1 of 5). •Synonym of Tetraroge barbata (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Tetraroge barbata (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

mesedai, Neocentropogon Klausewitz [W.] 1985:17, Figs. 1-3 [Senckenbergiana Maritima v. 17 (no. 1/3); ref. 5806] Mismaris-Trough, southwest of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, 21°22'N, 39°04'E, depth 383-363 meters. Holotype: SMF 20198. Paratypes: SMF 20199-202 (1, 1, 1, 1). •Valid as Neocentropogon mesedai Klausewitz 1985 -- (Goren & Dor 1994:21 [ref. 25356], Quéro et al. 2011:99 [ref. 31629], Fricke et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35210], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[23] 261 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:56 [ref. 36273], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2021:[13] [ref. 38168]). Current status: Valid as Neocentropogon mesedai Klausewitz 1985. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

microps, Cocotropus Johnson [J. W.] 2004:184, Figs. 3C-D [Records of the Australian Museum v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 27781] Southport seawall, about 150 meters west of entrance, 27°56'S, 153°26'E, Queensland, Australia, depth 2-4 meters. Holotype: QM I.31134. Paratypes: AMS I.41266-014 (1), I.41877-001 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Cocotropus microps Johnson 2004 -- (Allen et al. 2006:913 [ref. 29066], Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus microps Johnson 2004. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Queensland and New South Wales (Australia). Habitat: marine.

milesii, Aploactis Richardson [J.] 1850:60, Pl. 1 (fig. 1-2) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1850 (pt 18) (art. 1) (for 9 Apr. 1850); ref. 3745] King George Sound, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown (dry). •Valid as Aploactisoma milesii (Richardson 1850) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Paxton et al. 1989:459 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:105 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:506 [ref. 22532], Mandrytsa 2001:272 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Johnson 2004:180 [ref. 27781], Allen et al. 2006:912 [ref. 29066], Johnson 2008:502 [ref. 30650]). Current status: Valid as Aploactisoma milesii (Richardson 1850). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Australia: New South Wales to southern Australia and to Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

minous, Apistus Cuvier [G.] 1829:168 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] India. Appeared in footnote in Cuvier 1829:168 [ref. 995] but as Ap. minous, but Ap. tied to a vernacular "Les Apistes" and not to a Latinized generic name. Named Minous woora by Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:421 [ref. 998]. Species epithet misspelled minus by Cuvier 1831:123 [ref. 30376]. Nomen Nudum. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae.

mirandus, Glyptauchen insidiator Whitley [G. P.] 1931:120 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 4673] Tasmania, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS B.5786. •Synonym of Glyptauchen insidiator Whitley 1931 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:441 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Glyptauchen panduratus (Richardson 1850) -- (Gomon et al. 1994:479 [ref. 22532], Allen et al. 2006:899 [ref. 29078]). Current status: Synonym of Glyptauchen panduratus (Richardson 1850). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

mollis, Sthenopus Richardson [J.] 1848:10, Pl. 2 (figs. 6-7) [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Samarang; ref. 3744] Sea of China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1848.3.16.72. •Valid as Sthenopus mollis Richardson 1848 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Mandrytsa 2001:272 [ref. 25636], Kwik & Lim 2020:23 [ref. 38869]). Current status: Valid as Sthenopus mollis Richardson 1848. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Singapore to South China Sea. Habitat: marine.

monacanthus, Tetraroge Gilchrist [J. D. F.] 1906:145, Pl. 37 (bottom) [Marine Investigations in South Africa v. 4; ref. 1647] Off False Bluff, South Africa, depth 20 fathoms. Holotype: SAM 11865 (47 mm TL). Paratypes: (4) ?BMNH 1930.1.14.5 [ex SAM] (1), SAM (not found). •Valid as Cocotropus monacanthus (Gilchrist 1906) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Poss 1986:480 [ref. 6296], Poss & Allen 1987:79 [ref. 6616], Imamura & Shinohara 2003:233 [ref. 27213], Fricke 2004:2 [ref. 27662], Johnson 2004:179 [ref. 27781], Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266], Poss 2022:560 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus monacanthus (Gilchrist 1906). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Aliwal Shoal (South Africa) north to Tanzania, east to Comoros. Habitat: marine.

monodactyla, Scorpaena Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:194 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Locality not stated. Holotype (unique): ZMB (apparently lost). Type catalog: Paepke & Fricke 1992:276 [ref. 19946]. •Valid as Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:460 [ref. 1277], Dor 1984:87 [ref. 29757], Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:318 [ref. 6441], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:116 [ref. 15964], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:219 [ref. 24016], Goren & Dor 1994:21 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:108 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:571 [ref. 27969], Cheng & Zhou 1997:417 [ref. 26385], Motomura & Iwatsuki 1997:131 [ref. 23963], Carpenter et al. 1997:135 [ref. 23922], Fricke 1999:166 [ref. 24106], Poss 1999:2319 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:597 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Shimizu 2001:26 [ref. 25799], Shinohara et al. 2001:315 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:597 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:30 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:25 [ref. 27712] with author as Bloch, Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:243 [ref. 31980], Yoshida et al. 2013:84 [ref. 34464], Psomadakis et al. 2015:187 [ref. 34104], Matsunuma et al. 2017:[4] 1290 [ref. 35795], Ali et al. 2018:316 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:137 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:57 [ref. 36273], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2018:81 [ref. 36460], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:252 [ref. 36053], Eagderi et al. 2019:129 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 29 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:95 [ref. 39118], Kwik & Lim 2020:19 [ref. 38869], Psomadakis et al. 2020:365 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:46 [ref. 37637], Naranji et al. 2022:[9] 420 [ref. 39305], Poss 2022:574 [ref. 39726], Allen & Erdmann 2024:261 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Indonesia and Taiwan, north to Korea and Japa; New Caledonia. IUCN (2018): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

monstrosa, Scorpaena Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:117 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Bay of Bengal. No types known. Based on literature sources and specimen(s). •Synonym of Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:352 [ref. 6391]). Current status: Synonym of Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus 1766). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

multibarbus, Choridactylus Richardson [J.] 1848:8, Pl. 2 (figs. 1-3) [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Samarang; ref. 3744] Sea of China, western North Pacific. Holotype: BMNH 1977.4.22.7. •Valid as Choridactylus multibarbus Richardson 1848 -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:479 [ref. 6385], Kyushin et al. 1982:273 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:86 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:21 [ref. 25356], Poss & Mee 1995:1 [ref. 21656], Randall 1995:107 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:569 [ref. 27969], Carpenter et al. 1997:135 [ref. 23922], Poss 1999:2311 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:25 [ref. 27712], Shao et al. 2008:245 [ref. 29952], Motomura 2009:72 [ref. 30446], Allen & Erdmann 2012:240 [ref. 31980], Yoshida et al. 2013:83 [ref. 34464], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:415 [ref. 33460], Psomadakis et al. 2015:186 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:316 [ref. 36183], Golani & Fricke 2018:56 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:129 [ref. 37020], Kwik & Lim 2020:19 [ref. 38869], Poss 2022:569 [ref. 39726], Allen & Erdmann 2024:258 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Choridactylus multibarbus Richardson 1848. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

multicolor, Apistus Richardson [J.] 1848:3, Pl. 4 (figs. 3-4) [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Samarang; ref. 3744] Sea of China. Syntypes: (2). •Synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

nana, Synanceia Eschmeyer [W. N.] & Rama-Rao [K. V.] 1973:343, Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 39 (no. 18); ref. 6391] Bay at El Himeira, Sinai, Egypt, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, depth 18 meters. Holotype: USNM 209417. Paratypes: AMNH 18385 (1); CAS 14991-93 (1, 2, 1); HUJ 6757 (1); USNM 209418-19 (1, 1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:24 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Synanceia nana Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973 -- (Dor 1984:88 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:112 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:138 [ref. 23922], Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Golani & Fricke 2018:57 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:129 [ref. 37020], Matsunuma et al. 2021:[6] [ref. 38413], Poss 2022:577 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Synanceia nana Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: Mozambique; Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

natalensis, Choridactylodes Gilchrist [J. D. F.] 1902:102, Pl. 5 [Marine Investigations in South Africa v. 2; ref. 1644] Off Umhlanga River mouth, South Africa, 23-26 fathoms off Cape Natal Light, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 22 fathoms. Syntypes: BMNH 1901.9.24.2 (1); SAM 11861-62 (2, 5) •Valid as Choridactylus natalensis (Gilchrist 1902) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:482 [ref. 6385], Kyushin et al. 1982:273 [ref. 19754], Eschmeyer 1986:464 [ref. 5652], Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Poss 2022:570 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Choridactylus natalensis (Gilchrist 1902). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) north to Somalia. Habitat: marine.

nexus, Eschmeyer Poss [S. G.] & Springer [V. G.] 1983:310, Figs. 1-5 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 96 (no. 2); ref. 5394] Ono-i-lau Island, Fiji Islands, southern Pacific, 21°38'S, 178°45'W, depth 27-43 meters. Holotype (unique): USNM 233855. •Valid as Eschmeyer nexus Poss & Springer 1983 -- (Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796]). Current status: Valid as Eschmeyer nexus Poss & Springer 1983. Synanceiidae: Eschmeyerinae. Distribution: Fiji Islands. Habitat: marine.

niger, Apistus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:415 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Arian Coupang River mouth, Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-6638 (2). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:6-7 [ref. 20738]. •Valid as Tetraroge nigra (Cuvier 1829) -- (Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:317 [ref. 6441], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:652 [ref. 25598], Kottelat et al. 1993:102 [ref. 23448], Poss 1999:2350 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:599 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Sakai et al. 2001:92 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:599 [ref. 26001], Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33932], Miesen et al. 2016:88 [ref. 34492], Suresh et al. 2018:174 [ref. 36495], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 29 [ref. 38321] as niger, Sato et al. 2020:[2] [ref. 37744], Keith et al. 2021:168 [ref. 38257], Poss 2022:557 [ref. 39726] as niger, Jamandre 2023:173 [ref. 40455], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:311 [ref. 40698] as niger). Current status: Valid as Tetraroge nigra (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: southwest coast of India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

nitens, Centropogon De Vis [C. W.] 1884:459 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4898] Queensland coast, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.954 (dry mount, delicate). •Synonym of Notesthes robusta (Günther 1860) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:445 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:901 [ref. 29078], Matsunuma et al. 2022:[5] [ref. 39068]). Current status: Synonym of Notesthes robusta (Günther 1860). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

nuda, Tetraroge longispinis var. Günther [A.] 1880:66 [Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873-1876 v. 1 (pt 6); ref. 2011] Kobe, Japan. Syntypes: BMNH 1879.5.14.248-250 (3), 1879.5.14.263-264 (1). •Synonym of Paracentropogon rubripinnis (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Current status: Synonym of Paracentropogon rubripinnis (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

obbesi, Coccotropus Weber [M.] 1913:503, Figs. 104-105 [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] North Ubiani Island, Sulu Archipelago, Siboga station 99, 6°7.5'N, 120°26'E, depth 16-23 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMA 110243. Original genus name should have been Cocotropus. •Tentatively valid as Paraploactis obbesi (Weber 1913) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:419 [ref. 6387], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Randall 2005:130 [ref. 28239]). •Valid as Paraploactis obbesi (Weber 1913) -- (Prokofiev 2008:308 [ref. 29592] but misspelled once as abbesi, Allen & Erdmann 2012:253 [ref. 31980], Prokofiev 2012:328 [ref. 32052], Allen & Erdmann 2024:270 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Paraploactis obbesi (Weber 1913). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: southern and eastern Indonesia, and Sulu Archipelago (Philippines). Habitat: marine.

obscurum, Pelor Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:436 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Port Praslin, New Ireland Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-6725. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:28 [ref. 20738]. •Synonym of Inimicus didactylus (Pallas 1769) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:489 [ref. 6385], Inaba & Motomura 2018:67 [ref. 36154]). Current status: Synonym of Inimicus didactylus (Pallas 1769). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

ornatissimus, Bathyaploactis curtisensis Whitley [G. P.] 1933:103, Pl. 13 (fig. 2) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 4677] Northwestern Australia. Holotype: AMS IA.4234. Paratypes: AMS IA.4235 (1) •See Johnson 1999:728 [ref. 25471]. •Valid as Karumba ornatissimus (Whitley 1933) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Paxton et al. 1989:460 [ref. 12442], Mandrytsa 2001:271 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847]). •Valid as Bathyaploactis ornatissima Whitley 1933 -- (Poss 1999:2357 [ref. 24796], Johnson 2004:180 [ref. 27781], Allen et al. 2006:913 [ref. 29066], Larson et al. 2013:86 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Valid as Bathyaploactis ornatissima Whitley 1933. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

oxycephalus, Minous Bleeker [P.] 1876:65, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde (Amsterdam) v. 16 (art. 2); ref. 12248] Padang and Priaman, Sumatra, Indonesia; Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: (5) RMNH 5920 (3). Based on literature sources and specimens. Spelled oxyrhynchus by Bleeker 1879: fig. 4 on Pl. 417. •Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:461 [ref. 1277], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:252 [ref. 36053]). Current status: Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

panduratus, Apistes Richardson [J.] 1850:58, Pl. 1 (figs. 3-4) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1850 (pt 18) (art. 1) (for 9 Apr. 1850); ref. 3745] King George Sound, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): NMSZ (dry). •Valid as Glyptauchen panduratus (Richardson 1850) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:441 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:117 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:479 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:82 [ref. 25488], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:899 [ref. 29078], Johnson & Motomura 2008:500 [ref. 30648]). Current status: Valid as Glyptauchen panduratus (Richardson 1850). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Southern Australia: New South Wales to Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

pataecus, Prosoproctus Poss [S. G.] & Eschmeyer [W. N.] 1979:12, Figs. 1-2 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 3552] South China Sea, MacClesfield Bank, 15°37.5'-15°36.8'N, 114°22.4'-114°25.0'E, depth 69-82 meters. Holotype: USNM 218689. Paratypes: CAS 41591 (1). •Valid as Prosoproctus pataecus Poss & Eschmeyer 1979 -- (Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:272 [ref. 25636]). Current status: Valid as Prosoproctus pataecus Poss & Eschmeyer 1979. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: South China Sea. Habitat: marine.

pauciporus, Ablabys Chungthanawong [S.] & Motomura [H.] 2018:115, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Research v. 66 (no. 1); ref. 36252] North of Riptide Cay, Swain Reefs, Queensland, Australia, 20°58'05"S, 151°51'03"E, depth 44 meters. Holotype: QM I.36106. Paratypes: KAUM, QM. •Valid as Ablabys pauciporus Chungthanawong & Motomura 2018. Current status: Valid as Ablabys pauciporus Chungthanawong & Motomura 2018. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Habitat: marine.

pelta, Kanekonia Poss [S. G.] 1982:375, Figs. 1-2 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 28 (no. 4); ref. 5474] Off Teluk Kau, Halmahera, Indonesia, 1°08'36"N, 128°01'E, depth 46-55 meters. Holotype (unique): USNM 227361. •Valid as Kanekonia pelta Poss 1982 -- (Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Johnson 2013:407 [ref. 33137]). Current status: Valid as Kanekonia pelta Poss 1982. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

philippinus, Aploactoides Fowler [H. W.] 1938:88, Fig. 40 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 85 (no. 3032); ref. 1426] Off Macabalan Pt. Light, northern Mindanao and vicinity, Philippines, 8°35'30"N, 124°36'00"E, Albatross station D.5504, depth 200 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 98880. Paratypes: USNM 135949-50 (1, 1), 136348-54 (3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1), 136441 (1). •Valid as Erisphex philippinus (Fowler 1938) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Prokofiev 2008:307 [ref. 29592]). Current status: Valid as Erisphex philippinus (Fowler 1938). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

pictus, Minous Günther [A.] 1880:41, Pl. 18 (fig. D) [Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873-1876 v. 1 (pt 6); ref. 2011] Arafura Sea, south of New Guinea, eastern Indian Ocean, 9°59'S, 139°42'E, Challenger station 188, depth 56 meters. Lectotype: BMNH 1879.5.14.371. Paralectotype: BMNH 1879.5.14.372 (= Minous trachycephalus). Lectotype selected by Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:244 [ref. 36053]. •Valid as Minous pictus Günther 1880 -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:467 [ref. 1277], Dor 1984:87 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:21 [ref. 25356], Poss 1999:2307 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:30 [ref. 26830] dated 1860, Larson et al. 2013:85 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:85 [ref. 34464], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:241 [ref. 36053], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 29 [ref. 38321] misidentified, Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:121 [ref. 41223], Ray et al. 2022:506 [ref. 39087]). Current status: Valid as Minous pictus Günther 1880. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: off northern and northwestern Australia and south of New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

plagiometopon, Apistus Bleeker [P.] 1853:744, 753 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 335] Bulucomba [Bulukumba], Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): apparently lost, 17 in RMNH 5886 are too small. •Synonym of Vespicula depressifrons (Richardson 1848) -- (authors). •Synonym of Neovespicula depressifrons (Richardson 1848) -- (based on Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Kottelat 2013:315 [ref. 32989], Miesen et al. 2016:88 [ref. 34492]). Current status: Synonym of Neovespicula depressifrons (Richardson 1848). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

platyrhynchus, Synanceia Bleeker [P.] 1874:14, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 3) v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 439] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5898. Specific name platyrhynchus is a noun. •Status uncertain -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:357 [ref. 6391]). •Valid as Synanceia platyrhynchus Bleeker 1874 -- (Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636] as platyrhyncha, Matsunuma et al. 2021:[6] [ref. 38413]). Current status: Valid as Synanceia platyrhynchus Bleeker 1874. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

pleurostigma, Paracentropogon Weber [M.] 1913:499, Fig. 102 [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Near New Guinea, 1°42.5'S, 130°47.5'E, Siboga station 164, depth 32 meters. Lectotype: ZMA 110299. Paralectotypes: ZMA 110230 (6). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:82 [ref. 19236]. Lectotype selected by Motomura et al. 2008:31, 32 [ref. 29851]. •Valid as Liocranium pleurostigma (Weber 1913) -- (Motomura et al. 2008:27 [ref. 29851], Allen & Erdmann 2012:247 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:84 [ref. 32988], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:123 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:265 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Liocranium pleurostigma (Weber 1913). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: northern Australia and West Papua (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

possi, Cocotropus Imamura [H.] & Shinohara [G.] 2008:22, Figs. 1-2 [Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science (Ser. A) Supplement No. 2; ref. 29563] Maeda Cape, 26°27'N, 127°47'E, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype: NSMT-P 76417. Paratypes: URM-P 35083 (1). •Valid as Cocotropus possi Imamura & Shinohara 2008 -- (Prokofiev 2010:726 [ref. 31093], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus possi Imamura & Shinohara 2008. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Ryukyu Islands. Habitat: marine.

possi, Ocosia Mandrytsa [S. A.] & Usachev [S. I.] 1990:325 [130], Fig. [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 30 (no. 2); ref. 19196] Western Indian Ocean, Saya de Malha Bank (Seychelles EEZ), 10°50' to 12°04'S, 60°40' to 62°30'E, depth 170-230 meters. Holotype: ZIN 48785. Paratypes: ZIN 48786-87 (3, 4). On p. 130 of English translation. •Valid as Ocosia possi Mandrytsa & Usachev 1990 -- (Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Fricke 2017:7 [ref. 35552], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2022:438 [ref. 38963], Poss 2022:554 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Ocosia possi Mandrytsa & Usachev 1990. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Saya de Malha Bank and Mascarene Ridge. Habitat: marine.

pottii, Cocotropus Steindachner [F.] 1896:203, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien v. 11; ref. 14618] Kobe, Japan. Syntypes: NMW 6359-60 (3, 1). •Valid as Erisphex pottii (Steindachner 1896) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Nakabo in Masuda et al. 1984:319 [ref. 6441] as potti, Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:114 [ref. 15964] as potti, Cheng & Zhou 1997:423 [ref. 26385] as potti dated 1897, Motomura & Iwatsuki 1997:133 [ref. 23963], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:602 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:602 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:253, 566 [ref. 26218], Shinohara et al. 2005:425 [ref. 28370], Prokofiev 2008:307 [ref. 29592], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Fricke et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35454] as Eriphex, Kim et al. 2020:95 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:47 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Erisphex pottii (Steindachner 1896). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Korea and Japan; Chesterfield Islands (New Caledonia). Habitat: marine.

praepositum, Liocranium Ogilby [J. D.] 1903:25 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 18; ref. 3280] Coast of Queensland, Australia. Lectotype: QM I.1582. Syntypes: QM I.509 (1). Lectotype selected by Motomura aet al. 2008:33, 37 [ref. 29851]. •Valid as Cottapistus praepositus (Ogilby 1903) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:440 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:76 [ref. 23977], Johnson 1999:727 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847]). •Valid as Liocranium praepositum Ogilby 1903 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:48 [ref. 25477], Larson & Williams 1997:352 [ref. 23967], Poss 1999:2318 [ref. 24796], Mandrytsa 2001:277 [ref. 25636], Allen et al. 2006:900 [ref. 29078], Motomura et al. 2008:33 [ref. 29851], Allen & Erdmann 2012:247 [ref. 31980]) Current status: Valid as Liocranium praepositum Ogilby 1903. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Coast of Queensland, Australia. Habitat: marine.

profundus, Paracentropogon Smith [J. L. B.] 1958:171, Pl. 7 (fig. I) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 12; ref. 4120] About 14°S, off Mozambique, western Indian Ocean, depth 80 fathoms (stomach content). Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 300. •Valid as Neocentropogon profundus (Smith 1958) -- (Klausewitz 1985:21 [ref. 5806], Quéro et al. 2011:99 [ref. 31629], Fricke et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35210], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2021:[15] [ref. 38168], Poss 2022:553 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Neocentropogon profundus (Smith 1958). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius). Habitat: marine.

pulvinus, Paraploactis Poss [S. G.] & Eschmeyer [W. N.] 1978:413, Figs. 2, 8 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 41 (no. 18); ref. 6387] Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia. Holotype: WAM P.25528-001. Paratypes: CAS 39680 (1); QM I.12410 (1); WAM P.20123-001 (1), P.23735-001 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:17 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:18 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Paraploactis pulvinus Poss & Eschmeyer 1978 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:461 [ref. 12442], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:915 [ref. 29066], Prokofiev 2010:718 [ref. 31093], Prokofiev 2012:321 [ref. 32052]). Current status: Valid as Paraploactis pulvinus Poss & Eschmeyer 1978. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Australia and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

pusillus, Minous Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1843:50 [Fauna Japonica Parts 2-4; ref. 4371] Sea of Japan. Lectotype: RMNH.PISC 713a. Paralectotypes: RMNH 713 (11). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:60 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Minous pusillus Temminck & Schlegel 1843 -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:462 [ref. 1277], Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:318 [ref. 6441], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:117 [ref. 15964], Motomura & Iwatsuki 1997:131 [ref. 23963], Poss 1999:2320 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:597 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Shinohara et al. 2001:315 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:597 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:242, 559 [ref. 26218], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:253 [ref. 36053], Sonoyama et al. 2020:47 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Minous pusillus Temminck & Schlegel 1843. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: China and Taiwan to Japan. Habitat: marine.

queenslandica, Kanekonia Whitley [G. P.] 1952:30 [Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales v. for 1950-51; ref. 4714] Albany Passage, northern Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS IA.3742. •Valid as Kanekonia queenslandica Whitley 1952 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Paxton et al. 1989:460 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:507 [ref. 22532], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Johnson 2004:181 [ref. 27781], Allen et al. 2006:914 [ref. 29066], Johnson 2008:503 [ref. 30650], Johnson 2013:408 [ref. 33137]). Current status: Valid as Kanekonia queenslandica Whitley 1952. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Australia: Queensland, Northern Territory and to Western Australia, South Australia. Habitat: marine.

quincarinatus, Paraminous Fowler [H. W.] 1943:68, Fig. 13 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 100, v. 14 (pt 2); ref. 1441] Off northeastern point Yaku Shima, Japan, Albatross station D.4930, 30°12'N, 130°44'E, depth 84 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 99515. •Valid as Minous quincarinatus (Fowler 1943) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:458 [ref. 1277], Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:318 [ref. 6441], Suzuki & Hosokawa 1994:3 [ref. 24339], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:572 [ref. 27969], Motomura & Iwatsuki 1997:132 [ref. 23963], Poss 1999:2307 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:597 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:272 [ref. 25636], Nakabo 2002:597 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:242, 559 [ref. 26218], Shinohara et al. 2005:424 [ref. 28370], Motomura et al. 2010:93 [ref. 31256], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:253 [ref. 36053]). Current status: Valid as Minous quincarinatus (Fowler 1943). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan, East China Sea, Taiwan, Philippines and Australia. Habitat: marine.

quinque, Synanceia Matsunuma [M.], Manjaji-Matsumoto [B. M.] & Motomura [H.] 2021:[2], Figs. 1-3a-b [Ichthyological Research v. 69 (no. 1); ref. 38413] Tabawan Island, Darvel Bay, east coast of Sabah (Borneo), Malaysia, depth 0.5 - 3 meters. Holotype: IPMB I. 12.00103. Paratype: BPBM 32189 (1). •Valid as Synanceia quinque Matsunuma, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Motomura 2021 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2024:262 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Synanceia quinque Matsunuma, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Motomura 2021. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Sabah (Malaysia); Flores (Indonesia). IUCN (2024):L Not Assessed. Habitat: marine.

radiatus, Minous Matsunuma [M.] & Motomura [H.] 2018:237, Figs. 22A-C, 23, 25A-C [Zootaxa 4455 (no. 2); ref. 36053] Off Da-xi, Yilan, northeastern Taiwan. Holotype: KAUM-I 39286. Paratypes: BSKU, FAKU, KAUM, NMMBP, NMST, SAIAB, USNM, ZRC. •Valid as Minous radiatus Matsunuma & Motomura 2018 -- (Motomura in Kimura et al. 2018:81 [ref. 36460], Psomadakis et al. 2020:366 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Minous radiatus Matsunuma & Motomura 2018. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Myanmar; eastern Malaya (Malaysia), Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, southern and northeastern Taiwan, northeastern Borneo and the Philippines. Habitat: marine.

ramaraoi, Ocosia Poss [S. G.] & Eschmeyer [W. N.] 1975:7, Figs. 2C, 5 [Matsya No. 1; ref. 6388] Quilon coast, India, depth 245-274 meters. Holotype: CAS 31259. Paratypes: CAS 31260 [not 21360] (1, c&s), MBSM (Marine Biological Station Madras) F 7 (1). •Valid as Ocosia ramaraoi Poss & Eschmeyer 1975 -- (Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Fricke 2017:7 [ref. 35552], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2022:438 [ref. 38963], Poss 2022:554 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Ocosia ramaraoi Poss & Eschmeyer 1975. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Maldives and southwestern India. Habitat: marine.

richeri, Cocotropus Fricke [R.] 2004:4, Fig. 1 [Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Ser. A, No. 660; ref. 27662] Northwest side of Baie du Santal, east-southeast of Cap Aimé, 20°46'59"S, 167°02'56"E to 20°47'13"S, 167°03'20"W, Lifou Island, Loyalty Islands, depth 65-116 meters, dredged. Holotype (unique): MNHN 2004-0841. •Valid as Cocotropus richeri Fricke 2004 -- (Imamura & Shinohara 2008:24 [ref. 29563], Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Fricke et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35454], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus richeri Fricke 2004. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western South Pacific: Lifou Island, Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia). Habitat: marine.

robustus, Centropogon Günther [A.] 1860:128 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] New South Wales, Australia. Syntypes: (2, stuffed) ?BMNH 1852.7.10.6 (1, stuffed), BMNH 1852.7.10.7 (1, stuffed). •Valid as Notesthes robusta (Günther 1860) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:445 [ref. 12442], Pollard & Parker in McDowall 1996:144 [ref. 22909], Poss 1999:2324 [ref. 24796], Johnson 2001:727 [ref. 25471], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Allen et al. 2002:178 [ref. 25930], Allen et al. 2006:900 [ref. 29078], Pusey et al. 2017:47 [ref. 35250], Matsunuma et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39068]). Current status: Valid as Notesthes robusta (Günther 1860). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

roseomaculatus, Cocotropus Imamura [H.] & Shinohara [G.] 2004:202, Figs. 1-3 [Species Diversity v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 27943] Kosi Bay mouth area, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, 28°54'36"S, 32°55'18"E, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 39731. •Valid as Cocotropus roseomaculatus Imamura & Shinohara 2004 -- (Imamura & Shinohara 2008:23 [ref. 29563], Imamura et al. 2010:5 [ref. 30770], Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266], Poss 2022:561 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus roseomaculatus Imamura & Shinohara 2004. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and Seychelles. Habitat: marine.

roseus, Cocotropus Day [F.] 1875:160, Pl. 38 (fig. 8) [The fishes of India Part 1; ref. 1080] Coromandel coast of India. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: BMNH 1889.2.1.3198 (1) 1889.2.1.4292 (1, dry); MZUF 2376 (1); NMW 82985 (1); RMNH 993 (1); ZMB 9570 (1), 9889 (1); ZSI 1737 (1), 2780 (, lost), 2910 (1, lost). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:159 [ref. 23762], Paepke & Fricke 1992:276 [ref. 19946]. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. •Valid as Cocotropus roseus Day 1875 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Poss & Allen 1987:79 [ref. 6616], Imamura & Shinohara 2003:233 [ref. 27213], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S103 [ref. 27377], Fricke 2004:2 [ref. 27662], Johnson 2004:179 [ref. 27781], Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Ray & Mohapatra 2018:437 [ref. 36555], Kodeeswaran et al. 2021:[2] [ref. 38326], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266], Poss 2022:561 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus roseus Day 1875. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Maldives, Sri Lanka and east coast of India. Habitat: marine.

roseus, Minous Matsunuma [M.] & Motomura [H.] 2018:205, Figs. 6-8, 9A-C, 20C-F, 21A-D [Zootaxa 4455 (no. 2); ref. 36053] North of Cape Lambert, Western Australia, Australia, 19°35'-39'S, 117°10'-13'E, depth 76 meters. Holotype: CSIRO CA1844. Paratypes: AMS, BSKU, CSIRO, KAUM, NMV. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Minous roseus Matsunuma & Motomura 2018 -- (Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:121 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Minous roseus Matsunuma & Motomura 2018. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives; Sulawesi (Indonesia); northern Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

rubicunda, Trigla Hornstedt [C. F.] 1788:49, Pl. 3 [Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Nya Handlingar v. 9; ref. 23207] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype: UUZM 2400. Also described by Hornstedt 1789:45, pl. 3 [ref. 30159]. •Synonym of Inimicus didactylus (Pallas 1769) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:489 [ref. 6385], Inaba & Motomura 2018:67 [ref. 36154]). Current status: Synonym of Inimicus didactylus (Pallas 1769). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

rubripinnis, Apistus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1843:49, Pl. 22 (fig. 2) [Fauna Japonica Parts 2-4; ref. 4371] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 716a. Paralectotypes: RMNH 716 (6), ZMB 815 (1). Type catalog: Boeseman 1947:59 [ref. 12876], Paepke & Fricke 1992:276 [ref. 19946], Paepke 2001:331 [ref. 25566]. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:59 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Hypodytes rubripinnis (Temminck & Schlegel 1843) -- (Nakabo in Masuda et al. 1984:319 [ref. 6441], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:165 [ref. 15964], Motomura & Iwatsuki 1997:132 [ref. 23963], Nakabo 2000:600 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2000:177 [ref. 25987], Shimizu 2001:26 [ref. 25799], Nakabo 2002:600 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:242, 558 [ref. 26218], Kwun et al. 2017:141 [ref. 37287]). •Valid as Paracentropogon rubripinnis (Temminck & Schegel 1843) -- (Mandrytsa 2001:277 [ref. 25636], Ogihara & Motomura 2012:142 [ref. 32409], Kim et al. 2020:95 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:46 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Paracentropogon rubripinnis (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Japan and South Korea. Habitat: marine.

russellii, Apistes Swainson [W.] 1839:265 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Russ. pl. 160a -- which is Russell 1803:Pl. 160 [ref. 13862]. •Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:461 [ref. 1277]). Current status: Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

sanguinolenta, Synanceia Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:447, 453 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Red Sea. Type catalog: Paepke & Fricke 1992:275 [ref. 19946] with holotype as ZMB 822. Regarded as not available; appeared above without distinguishing features and in synonymy; also appeared as name in synonymy of Synanceia verrucosa in Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1899: 7, Pl. 3 and second Pl. 10 [ref. 4977]. •In the synonymy of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:359 [ref. 6391], Dor 1984:88 [ref. 29757]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae.

satsumae, Lysodermus Smith [H. M.] & Pope [T. E. B.] 1906:484, Fig. 7 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 31 (no. 1489); ref. 4058] Kagoshima, Japan. Holotype (unique): USNM 55615. •Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:461 [ref. 1277], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:252 [ref. 36053]). Current status: Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

schomburgki, Aploactisoma Castelnau [F. L.] 1872:244 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia. Syntypes: ?AMS B.9209 (1, not found), MNHN A-3430 (1), ZMB 10288 (4). Type catalog: Paepke & Fricke 1992:276 [ref. 19946]. •Synonym of Aploactisoma milesii (Richardson 1850) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Paxton et al. 1989:459 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:913 [ref. 29066]). Current status: Synonym of Aploactisoma milesii (Richardson 1850). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Habitat: marine.

scorpio, Paracentropogon Ogilby [J. D.] 1910:115 [On some new fishes from the Queensland coast; ref. 3289] 14 miles southeast, off Cape Capricorn, Queensland, Australia, depth 13 fathoms. Syntypes: (3) AMS E.2681 (1), E.2945 (1), IA.140 (1); ?QM I.1578 (1). •Valid as Cottapistus scorpio (Ogilby 1910) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:440 [ref. 12442], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847]). •Synonym of Cottapistus cottoides (Linaneus 1758) -- (Allen et al. 2006:898 [ref. 29078]). Current status: Synonym of Cottapistus cottoides (Linnaeus 1758). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

sieboldi, Aploactis Kaup [J. J.] 1852 Still researching. •Synonym of Aploactis aspera (Richardson 1845) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387]). Current status: Synonym of Aploactis aspera (Richardson 1845). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Habitat: marine.

simplex, Erisphex Chen [L.-C.] 1981:44, Figs. 4, 29 [Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum (Taipei) v. 34 (nos 1/2); ref. 8619] Off Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Holotype: CAS 47307. Paratypes: CAS 47308 (5), SIO 80-233 (1). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:41 [ref. 31432]. •Valid as Erisphex simplex Chen 1981 -- (Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Prokofiev 2008:307 [ref. 29592], Ho & Shao 2011:41 [ref. 31432], Fricke et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35454], Luo et al. 2024:9 [ref. 41630]). Current status: Valid as Erisphex simplex Chen 1981. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vietnam and Bohai Gulf (southern China) east to Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

sinense, Pelor Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:468 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Canton, China. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-6374. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:28 [ref. 20738], Inaba & Motomura 2018:80 [ref. 36154]. •Valid as Inimicus sinensis (Valenciennes 1833) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:487 [ref. 6385], Allen & Swainston 1988:48 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:443 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:76 [ref. 23977], Poss 1999:2317 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:30 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Allen et al. 2006:905 [ref. 29078], Allen & Erdmann 2012:242 [ref. 31980], Motomura et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35490], Inaba & Motomura 2018:80 [ref. 36154], Psomadakis et al. 2020:364 [ref. 37272], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:121 [ref. 41223], Poss 2022:571 [ref. 39726], Allen & Erdmann 2024:260 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Inimicus sinensis (Valenciennes 1833). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India and Sri Lanka east to Indonesia and Philippines, north to Taiwan, south to Northern Territory (Australia) and Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

slacksmithi, Amblyapistus (Parocosia) Whitley [G. P.] 1958:45 [Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales v. for 1956-57; ref. 4728] Heron Island, Capricorn Group, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS IB.3898. •Synonym of Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier 1829) -- (Chungthanawong & Motomura 2018:119 [ref. 36252]). Current status: Synonym of Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

smirnovi, Inimicus Mandrytsa [S. A.] 1990:72, Fig. [Vestnik Zoologii 1990 (no. 4); ref. 20195] Western Pacific, 25°18'05"S, 159°33'03"W, depth 100-190 meters. Holotype (unique): ZIN 49183. Type catalog: Inaba & Motomura 2018:87 [ref. 36154]. •Valid as Inimicus smirnovi Mandrytsa 1990 -- (Poss 1999:2307 [ref. 24796], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Inaba & Motomura 2018:87 [ref. 36154]). Current status: Valid as Inimicus smirnovi Mandrytsa 1990. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Coral Sea (Queensland, Australia); Wallis and Futuna. Habitat: marine.

sphex, Ocosia Fricke [R.] 2017:3, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 28; ref. 35552] Western Pacific Ocean, Papua New Guinea, New Ireland Province, northwest of New Hanover, 2°24.64'S, 149°58.74'E to 2°25.32'S, 149°57.79'E, depth 120-155 meters. Holotype (unique): NTUM 11318. •Valid as Ocosia sphex Fricke 2017 -- (Fricke et al. 2019:105 [ref. 36673], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2022:438 [ref. 38963]). Current status: Valid as Ocosia sphex Fricke 2017. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Western Pacific: New Ireland (Papua New Guinea endemic). Habitat: marine.

spinosa, Apistes Day [F.] 1875:160 [The fishes of India Part 1; ref. 1080] Museum name mentioned in passing under Cocotropus echinatus; not available. Nomen Nudum. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae.

spinosa, Ocosia Chen [L.-C.] 1981:41, Figs. 4, 28 [Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum (Taipei) v. 34 (nos 1/2); ref. 8619] Off Tung-kang [Donggang], southwestern Taiwan, South China Sea, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): CAS 47296. Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:40 [ref. 31432]. •Valid as Ocosia spinosa Chen 1981 -- (Poss 1999:2308 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Ho & Shao 2011:40 [ref. 31432], Fricke 2017:7 [ref. 35552], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2022:438 [ref. 38963]). Current status: Valid as Ocosia spinosa Chen 1981. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

spinosa, Scorpaena Gmelin [J. F.] (ex Linck) 1789:1220 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] No locality (possibly Indonesia). Holotype (unique): MNW NAT1840. Holotype: ex Museum Linckianum, Leipzig, No. 178. Based on the "Scorpaena, capite spinoso ..." of Linck 1783:41 [ref. 35507]. Unused senior synonym of Apistus longispinis Cuvier 1829, here treated as nomen oblitum (R. Fricke, email 4 Aug. 2017). •Synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829). •Nomen nudum -- (Wibowo & Motomura 2021:[4] [ref. 38565]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae.

steinitzi, Cocotropus Eschmeyer [W. N.] & Dor [M.] 1978:166, Fig. 1 [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 27 (no. 4); ref. 8936] North Beach, Eilat, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Holotype: HUJ 17674 [ex E 59719/10]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 14650 (1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:25 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Cocotropus steinitzi Eschmeyer & Dor 1978 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Dor 1984:89 [ref. 29757], Poss & Allen 1987:79 [ref. 6616], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356], Imamura & Shinohara 2003:233 [ref. 27213], Fricke 2004:2 [ref. 27662], Johnson 2004:180 [ref. 27781], Imamura & Shinohara 2004:204 [ref. 27943], Imamura & Shinohara 2008:23 [ref. 29563], Imamura et al. 2010:5 [ref. 30770], Prokofiev 2010:723 [ref. 31093], Allen & Erdmann 2012:252 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35454], Golani & Fricke 2018:57 [ref. 36273], Matsunuma et al. 2021:Table 2 [ref. 38266], Poss 2022:562 [ref. 39726], Allen & Erdmann 2024:269 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Cocotropus steinitzi Eschmeyer & Dor 1978. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Andaman Islands; northern Papua New Guinea. IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: marine.

striatus, Choridactylus Mandrytsa [S. A.] 1993:137 [136], Fig. 1 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 33 (no. 1); ref. 20791] Gulf of Aden, 15°17'N, 51°04'E, depth 33-26 meters. Holotype: ZIN 50133. Paratypes: ZIN 50134-35 (1, 1). On p. 136 of English translation. •Valid as Choridactylus striatus Mandrytsa 1993 -- (Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Poss 2022:570 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Choridactylus striatus Mandrytsa 1993. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Somalia and Gulf of Aden (Yemen) east to southern Oman. Habitat: marine.

subocellatus, Pataecus Günther [A.] 1872:665, Pl. 64 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3) (art. 1) (for 21 Nov. 1871); ref. 1997] Southern Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1870.12.27.29. •Synonym of Pataecus fronto Richardson 1844 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:462 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:512 [ref. 22532], Paxton et al. 2006:918 [ref. 28994]). Current status: Synonym of Pataecus fronto Richardson 1844. Synanceiidae: Pataecinae. Habitat: marine.

superciliosus, Minous Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1908:177 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 6 (pt 2); ref. 14320] Amatikulu Conical Hill, northwest 7.5 miles, South Africa, depth 26 fathoms. Holotype (unique): SAM 11858. •Synonym of Minous coccineus Alcock 1890 -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:465 [ref. 1277], Dor 1984:87 [ref. 29757], Eschmeyer 1986:465 [ref. 5652], Golani & Fricke 2018:57 [ref. 36273], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:251 [ref. 36053]). Current status: Synonym of Minous coccineus Alcock 1890. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

taenianotus, Apistus Cuvier [G.] 1829:168 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Mauritius [questioned in ref. 31980], Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN (apparently lost). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:60 [ref. 20738]. Appeared first in footnote in Cuvier 1829:168 [ref. 995] but as Ap. taenianotus, but Ap. tied to a vernacular "Les Apistes" and not to a Latinized generic name. Based on Lacepède 1802, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [ref. 4929] which Cuvier renamed Apistus taeniatus, while the corresponding text represents a malacanthid. •Valid as Amblyapistus taenianotus (Cuvier 1829) -- (Nakabo in Masuda et al. 1984:319 [ref. 6441]). •Valid as Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier 1829) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:48 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:439 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:107 [ref. 23929] as taenionotus, Francis 1993:159 [ref. 25479], Randall et al. 1990:78 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:76 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:78 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:102 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:165 [ref. 24106], Poss 1999:2309 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:599 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:604 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:162 [ref. 25191], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:176 [ref. 27511], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:599 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:37 [ref. 27510], Randall & Spreinat 2004:48 [ref. 27610], Randall 2005:129 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:897 [ref. 29078], Prokofiev 2008:304 [ref. 29592], Fricke et al. 2009:41 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:93 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:246 [ref. 31980], Ogihara & Motomura 2012:142 [ref. 32409], Larson et al. 2013:83 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:23 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:136 [ref. 35805], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2018:119 [ref. 36252], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2018:79 [ref. 36460], Fricke et al. 2019:105 [ref. 36673], Psomadakis et al. 2020:363 [ref. 37272], Akaike et al. 2021:21 [ref. 38809], Poss 2022:552 [ref. 39726], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:309 [ref. 40698], Allen & Erdmann 2024:264 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Philippines and Fiji, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island (Australia). IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

taenianotus, Pseudopataecus Johnson [J. W.] 2004:181, Figs. 1, 3A-B [Records of the Australian Museum v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 27781] West-southwest of Lady Musgrave Island, 23°57.21'S, 152°13.32'E, Queensland, Australia, depth 37 meters. Holotype: QM I.33192. Paratypes: AMS I.42652-001 (1); QM I.30723 (1), I.33193 (1), I.33850 (1), I.33944-45 (1, 1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Pseudopataecus taenianotus Johnson 2004 -- (Allen et al. 2006:916 [ref. 29066], Johnson 2012:54 [ref. 32006]). Current status: Valid as Pseudopataecus taenianotus Johnson 2004. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Queensland and southern Northern Territory, Australia. Habitat: marine.

taprobanensis, Aniculerosa Whitley [G. P.] 1933:101 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 4677] South of Adam's Bridge, Sri Lanka. No types known. Based on specimens identified as Aploactis aspersa in Johnstone 1904:2-2, 219 [ref. 15187]. •Tentatively valid as Paraploactis taprobanensis (Whitley 1933) -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:419 [ref. 6387]). •Valid as Paraploactis taprobanensis (Whitley 1933) -- (Prokofiev 2012:321 [ref. 32052]). Current status: Valid as Paraploactis taprobanensis (Whitley 1933). Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Sri Lanka and southwest India. Habitat: marine.

tasmanensis, Apistes Gray [J. E.] 1838:111 [Annals of Natural History, or Magazine of Zoology, Botany, and Geology v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 1884] Tasmania, Australia. whereabouts unknown. Not at BMNH. •Synonym of Gymnapistes marmoratus (Cuvier 1829) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:442 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:899 [ref. 29078]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnapistes marmoratus (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

thersites, Synanceia Seale [A.] 1901:121 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 14357] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Holotype: BPBM 256. Paratypes: ANSP 71926 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:153 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:359 [ref. 6391], Myers & Donaldson 2003:619 [ref. 27495]). Current status: Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

tigrinum, Pelor Richardson [J.] 1846:212 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. Holotype (unique): UMZC F.2755. Type information: Whitehead & Joysey 1967:154 [ref. 19798], Whitehead 1970:211 [ref. 11606]. •Synonym of Inimicus japonicus (Cuvier 1829) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:493 [ref. 6385], Inaba & Motomura 2018:75 [ref. 36154]). Current status: Synonym of Inimicus japonicus (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

trachinoides, Apistus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:401, Pl. 92 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4610 to 4611 (3), 0000-6643 (2) Jakarta; ?RMNH 708 (1), 28736 [or 28789] [ex RMNH 708] (1); ?SMF 497 [ex RMNH in 1829] (1). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:7 [ref. 20738]. •Valid as Vespicula trachinoides (Cuvier 1829) -- (Poss 1999:2352 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:277 [ref. 25636], Prokofiev 2008:306 [ref. 29592], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:65 [ref. 35264], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2015:29 [ref. 34319], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2018:80 [ref. 36460], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:311 [ref. 40698]). •Valid as Trichosomus trachinoides (Cuvier 1929) -- (Kottelat 2013:316 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:81 [ref. 34464], Kwik & Lim 2020:18 [ref. 38869]). Current status: Valid as Trichosomus trachinoides (Cuvier 1829). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Myanmar east to Indonesia, north to northern Vietnam and southern China. Habitat: marine.

trachycephalus, Aploactis Bleeker [P.] 1855:451 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 3); ref. 16942] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH.PISC 5901. •Valid as Minous trachycephalus (Bleeker 1855) -- (Kailola 1971:130 [ref. 39475], Eschmeyer et al. 1979:464 [ref. 1277], Dor 1984:87 [ref. 29757], Paxton et al. 1989:444 [ref. 12442], Goren & Dor 1994:21 [ref. 25356], Poss 1999:2320 [ref. 24796], Mishra et al. 1999:85 [ref. 25315], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:30 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Adrim et al. 2004:119 [ref. 27715], Allen et al. 2006:905 [ref. 29078], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:243 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:85 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:85 [ref. 34464], Matsunuma et al. 2017:[3] 1289 [ref. 35795], Golani & Fricke 2018:57 [ref. 36273], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:225 [ref. 36053], Naranji et al. 2022:[10] 421 [ref. 39305], Poss 2022:575 [ref. 39726], Ray et al. 2022:507 [ref. 39087], Allen & Erdmann 2024:261 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Minous trachycephalus (Bleeker 1855). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar east to Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and New Caledonia, north to Gulf of Thailand, south to northern Australia. IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: marine.

trachyderma, Paraploactis Bleeker [P.] 1865:169 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 2; ref. 411] Australia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5892. •Valid as Paraploactis trachyderma Bleeker 1865 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:411 [ref. 6387], Paxton et al. 1989:461 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:106 [ref. 23929], Larson & Williams 1997:353 [ref. 23967], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:728 [ref. 25471], Johnson 2004:181 [ref. 27781], Allen et al. 2006:915 [ref. 29066], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Larson et al. 2013:86 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Paraploactis trachyderma Bleeker 1865, as aff. trachyderma -- (Prokofiev 2008:310 [ref. 29592], Prokofiev 2012:321 [ref. 32052]). Current status: Valid as Paraploactis trachyderma Bleeker 1865. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

trachynis, Synanceia Richardson [J.] 1842:385 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 9 (no. 59) (art. 42); ref. 21247] Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia. Holotype: BMNH 1853.1.4.2 (skin). •Synonym of Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:352 [ref. 6391], Paxton et al. 1989:452 [ref. 12442], Larson & Williams 1997:353 [ref. 23967], Allen et al. 2006:906 [ref. 29078], Larson et al. 2013:85 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Synonym of Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus 1766). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

tridactyla, Cheroscorpaena Mees [G. F.] 1964:1, Pl. 1 [Zoologische Mededeelingen (Leiden) v. 40 (no. 1); ref. 2967] Off Frederick Hendrik Island, Papua New Guinea. Holotype: RMNH 24787. Paratypes: RMNH 24788 (6, now 4), 24789-91 (1, 1, 1); WAM P.8285-001 [ex RMNH 24788] (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:16 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:17 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Cheroscorpaena tridactyla Mees 1964 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:439 [ref. 12442], Poss 1999:2305 [ref. 24796], Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:894 [ref. 29066], Prokofiev 2008:302 [ref. 29592], Larson et al. 2013:83 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Valid as Cheroscorpaena tridactyla Mees 1964. Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Distribution: Australia and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

tridorsalis, Neoaploactis Eschmeyer [W. N.] & Allen [G. R.] 1978:444, Figs. 1-2 [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 6 (pt 4); ref. 1276] One Tree Island, Capricorn Group, south end of Great Barrier Reef, off Queensland, Australia, depth 3-4 meters. Holotype (unique): WAM P.25529-001. Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:17 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:18 [ref. 30117] •Valid as Neoaploactis tridorsalis Eschmeyer & Allen 1978 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1978:405 [ref. 6387], Allen & Swainston 1988:52 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:460 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:86 [ref. 15987], Gomon et al. 1994:508 [ref. 22532], Allen 1997:80 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:86 [ref. 25919], Poss 1999:2358 [ref. 24796], Mandrytsa 2001:272 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Johnson 2004:181 [ref. 27781] as Neaploactis, Allen et al. 2006:914 [ref. 29066], Johnson 2008:503 [ref. 30650], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:252 [ref. 31980], Allen & Erdmann 2024:269 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Neoaploactis tridorsalis Eschmeyer & Allen 1978. Synanceiidae: Aploactininae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia, Western Australia, Queensland (Australia); Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: marine.

trimaculatus, Neocentropogon Chan [W. L.] 1966:635, Fig. 1 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) v. 8 (no. 95) (for Nov.-Dec. 1965); ref. 9023] South China Sea, about 85 miles southeast of Hong Kong, 21°01.6'N, 115°30.0'E, depth 66 fathoms. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1965.11.6.3. •Valid as Neocentropogon trimaculatus Chan 1966 -- (Klausewitz 1985:21 [ref. 5806], Poss 1999:2321 [ref. 24796], Allen et al. 2006:900 [ref. 29078], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Quéro et al. 2011:99 [ref. 31629], Larson et al. 2013:84 [ref. 32988] dated 1965, Fricke et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35210], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2021:[16] [ref. 38168], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:123 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Neocentropogon trimaculatus Chan 1966. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: southern China and Taiwan north to southern Japan; northern Australia east to New Caledonia and Tonga Trench. Habitat: marine.

troschelii, Centropogon Steindachner [F.] 1866:440 [17], Pl. 4 (figs. 1-1a) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 53; ref. 4210] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Syntypes: NMW 12094 (1), 78424 (1). On p. 17 of separate. Did not appear in abstract, Steindachner 1864 [ref. 20460]. •Synonym of Notesthes robusta (Günther 1860) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:445 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:901 [ref. 29078], Matsunuma et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39068]). Current status: Synonym of Notesthes robusta (Günther 1860). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

uranoscopa, Synanceia Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:195 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Syntypes: ZMB 824 (2). Type catalog: Paepke & Fricke 1992:275 [ref. 19946], Paepke 1999:145 [ref. 24282]. Genus as Synanceja on p. 195 but corrected in Corrigenda. •Valid as Trachicephalus uranoscopus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:372 [ref. 6391], Poss 1999:2351 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S103 [ref. 27377], Motomura 2009:69 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:245 [ref. 31980], Kottelat 2013:316 [ref. 32989], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2015:30 [ref. 34319], Yoshida et al. 2013:86 [ref. 34464], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2018:82 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:175 [ref. 36495], Kwik & Lim 2020:22 [ref. 38869], Allen & Erdmann 2024:263 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Trachicephalus uranoscopus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: India east to Vietnam and southern China. IUCN (2018): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

urostigma, Prosopodasys (Centropogon) Bleeker [P.] 1872:151 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 431] China. No types known. Based on a painting. Nomen Dubium. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae.

usachevi, Minous Mandrytsa [S. A.] 1993:139 [140], Fig. 2 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 33 (no. 1); ref. 20791] Gulf of Aden. Holotype: ZIN 50131. Paratype: ZIN 50132 (1). On p. 140 or English translation. •Valid as Minous usachevi Mandrytsa 1993 -- (Mandrytsa 2001:273 [ref. 25636], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:254 [ref. 36053], Jawad & Al Jufaili 2021:[4] [ref. 38563], Poss 2022:575 [ref. 39726]). Current status: Valid as Minous usachevi Mandrytsa 1993. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden east to Oman. Habitat: marine.

venenans, Apistus Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] 1904:148, Fig. 13 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 27 (no. 1351); ref. 2527] Nagasaki, Japan. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 7371. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:120 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:94 [ref. 15964]). Current status: Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Habitat: marine.

verrucosa, Synanceia Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:195, Pl. 45 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] India. Holotype (unique): ZMB 821. Type catalog: Paepke & Fricke 1992:276 [ref. 19946], Paepke 1999:145 [ref. 24282]. Genus as Synanceja on p. 195, but as Synanceia in index (p. xxxvii), and corrected in Corrigenda (p. 573). •Valid as Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:357 [ref. 6391], Dor 1984:88 [ref. 29757], Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:318 [ref. 6441], Eschmeyer 1986:478 [ref. 5652], Paxton et al. 1989:452 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:21 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:85 [ref. 15987], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:113 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:74 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:138 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:92 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:85 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:101 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:166 [ref. 24106], Poss 1999:2349 [ref. 24796], Allen 2000:86 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:598 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:170 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:97 [ref. 25868] as Synanceja, Mandrytsa 2001:274 [ref. 25636], Motomura et al. 2001:6 [ref. 25229], Nakabo 2002:598 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:30 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:619 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:11 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:119 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3318 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:146 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:128 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:906 [ref. 29078], Fricke et al. 2009:41 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:93 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:104 [ref. 39915], Fricke et al. 2011:380 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:244 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:23 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:3 [ref. 35354], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:138 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:57 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:30 [ref. 36883], Eagderi et al. 2019:129 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:104 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:69 [ref. 36871], Bariche & Fricke 2020:144 [ref. 37515], Kwik & Lim 2020:22 [ref. 38869], Sonoyama et al. 2020:47 [ref. 37637], Akaike et al. 2021:21 [ref. 38809], Golani 2021:37 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:82 [ref. 39014], Matsunuma et al. 2021:[6] [ref. 38413], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:121 [ref. 41223], Poss 2022:577 [ref. 39726], Allen & Erdmann 2024:263 [ref. 40796], Ergüden et al. 2024:146 [ref. 41564], Fricke et al. 2024:86 [ref. 41255]). Current status: Valid as Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marshall Islands, Tuamotu Islands and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Sea of Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Middleton Reef (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands (rench Polynesia); eastern Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN (2018): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

versicolor, Minous Ogilby [J. D.] 1910:111 [On some new fishes from the Queensland coast; ref. 3289] Off Cape Gloucester, 7 miles north-northeast of Bowen, southern Queensland, Australia, depth 26 fathoms. Syntypes: (4 or more) AMS E.2736 (1), E.2738 (1), I.13603-04 (1, 1). For remarks on types see Imamura & Hoese 2020:[8] [ref. 37793]. •Valid as Minous versicolor Ogilby 1910 -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:460 [ref. 1277], Allen & Swainston 1988:48 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:444 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:76 [ref. 23977], Poss 1999:2321 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:727 [ref. 25471], Mandrytsa 2001:272 [ref. 25636], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:906 [ref. 29078], Matsunuma & Motomura 2018:254 [ref. 36053], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:121 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Minous versicolor Ogilby 1910. Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

vespa, Ocosia Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] 1904:162, Fig. 17 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 27 (no. 1351); ref. 2527] Sagami Bay, Japan, depth 40-50 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 50911. Paratypes: CAS-SU 7376 (1); USNM 51463 (1) 135658 [ex CAS-SU 7375] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:126 [ref. 12291]. Types: Shinohara & Williams 2006:555 [ref. 31656]. See Poss & Eschmeyer for discussion of types; their "holotype" was designated lectotype by Eschmeyer 1998:1757 [ref. 23416] but here (2 Oct. 2017) that is called the holotype. •Valid as Ocosia vespa Jordan & Starks 1904 -- (Poss & Eschmeyer 1975:4 [ref. 6388], Nakabo in Masuda et al. 1984:319 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:600 [ref. 25086], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Shinohara et al. 2001:314 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:600 [ref. 26001], Shao et al. 2008:246 [ref. 29952], Fricke 2017:7 [ref. 35552], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2022:438 [ref. 38963]). Current status: Valid as Ocosia vespa Jordan & Starks 1904. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Taiwan to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

vespa, Paracentropogon Ogilby [J. D.] 1910:116 [On some new fishes from the Queensland coast; ref. 3289] 14 miles southeast, off Cape Capricorn, Queensland, Australia, depth 13 fathoms. Holotype (unique): AMS E.2932. For remarks on holotype see Imamura & Hoese 2020:[8] [ref. 37793]. •Valid as Paracentropogon vespa Ogilby 1910 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:48 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:446 [ref. 12442], Allen 1997:76 [ref. 23977], Poss 1999:2308 [ref. 24796], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:901 [ref. 29078]). Current status: Valid as Paracentropogon vespa Ogilby 1910. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

vestitus, Tetraroge De Vis [C. W.] 1884:446 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 4); ref. 1089] South Seas. Holotype (unique): QM I.1597. •Synonym of Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier 1829). •Synonym of Centropogon marmoratus Günther 1862 -- (Chungthanawong & Motomura 2018:120 [ref. 36252]). Current status: Synonym of Centropogon marmoratus Günther 1862. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Habitat: marine.

vincentii, Pataecus Steindachner [F.] 1883:195 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 20 (no. 22); ref. 20488] St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia. Syntypes: NMW 75768 (2). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1884:1085 [p. 21 of separate], Pl. 7 (fig. 2) [ref. 4234]. •Synonym of Aetapcus maculatus (Günther 1861) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:462 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:510 [ref. 22532] as vincenti, Paxton et al. 2006:917 [ref. 28994]). Current status: Synonym of Aetapcus maculatus (Günther 1861). Synanceiidae: Pataecinae. Habitat: marine.

vulcanus, Emmydrichthys Jordan [D. S.] & Rutter [C. L.] in Jordan 1896:221, Pl. 26 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 6; ref. 2395] Society Islands [not Hawaiian Islands]. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 5357. •Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1973:359 [ref. 6391]). Current status: Synonym of Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider 1801. Synanceiidae: Synanceiinae. Habitat: marine.

waterhousii, Pataecus Castelnau [F. L.] 1872:244 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia. Syntypes: MNHN A-2129 (1) Adelaide. •Valid as Neopataecus waterhousii (Castelnau 1872) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:462 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:510 [ref. 22532], Hutchins 2001:28 [ref. 25847], Paxton et al. 2006:918 [ref. 28994], Johnson 2008:505 [ref. 30650], Hoschke et al. 2019:155 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Neopataecus waterhousii (Castelnau 1872). Synanceiidae: Pataecinae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria (Australia). Habitat: marine.

woora, Minous Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:421 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean; Vizagapatam, India. No types known. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:60 [ref. 20738]. •Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Eschmeyer et al. 1979:461 [ref. 1277], Fricke 1999:166 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Synonym of Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae. Habitat: marine.

yamanokami, Snyderina Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] 1901:381, Pl. 20 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 3) v. 2 (nos 7-8); ref. 2523] Kagoshima, Kyushu, Japan. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 6433. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:126 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Snyderina yamanokami Jordan & Starks 1901 -- (Nakabo in Masuda et al. 1984:319 [ref. 6441], Motomura & Iwatsuki 1997:133 [ref. 23963], Poss 1999:2308 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:600 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Mandrytsa 2001:279 [ref. 25636], Nakabo 2002:600 [ref. 26001], Ogihara & Motomura 2012:143 [ref. 32409], Kim et al. 2020:95 [ref. 39118], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:123 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Snyderina yamanokami Jordan & Starks 1901. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

zaspilota, Ocosia Poss [S. G.] & Eschmeyer [W. N.] 1975:9, Figs. 2E, 7 [Matsya No. 1; ref. 6388] Batangas, Balayan Bay, Luzon Island, Batangas, Philippines, depth 229-247 meters. Holotype: CAS 33069. Paratypes: CAS 33063 (1), 33320-21 (1, 1). •Valid as Ocosia zaspilota Poss & Eschmeyer 1975 -- (Poss 1999:2325 [ref. 24796], Mandrytsa 2001:278 [ref. 25636], Fricke 2017:7 [ref. 35552], Chungthanawong & Motomura 2022:438 [ref. 38963]). Current status: Valid as Ocosia zaspilota Poss & Eschmeyer 1975. Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines. Habitat: marine.

zollingeri, Apistus Bleeker [P.] 1848:636 [Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (Singapore) v. 2 (no. 9); ref. 315] Bima, Sumbawa Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: ?RMNH 5888 (1 or 2 of 2). Also in Bleeker 1849:8 [ref. 16881]. •Valid as Vespicula zollingeri (Bleeker 1848) -- (Poss 1999:2308 [ref. 24796]). •Valid as Pseudovespicula zollingeri (Bleeker 1848) -- (Chungthanawong & Motomura 2021:[5] [ref. 38168]). Current status: Valid as Pseudovespicula zollingeri (Bleeker 1848). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

zonatus, Prosopodasys Weber [M.] 1913:502, Pl. 10 (fig. 8) [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Sarasa Island, Postillon Island, Siboga station 43, depth 36 meters; North Ubian, Sulu Archipelago, Siboga station 99, depth 16-23 meters. Syntypes: ZMA 110238-39 (1, 1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:82 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Paracentropogon zonatus (Weber 1913) -- (Poss 1999:2308 [ref. 24796], Allen & Erdmann 2012:248 [ref. 31980], Allen & Erdmann 2024:266 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Paracentropogon zonatus (Weber 1913). Synanceiidae: Tetraroginae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Sulu Archipelago (Philippines), North Sulawesi (Indonesia) and West Papua (Indonesia). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: marine.