Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Tylosurus: [ 42 ] records

aaveri, Esox Curtiss [A.] 1938:40 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific. No types known. Original as Esox ááveri. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:45 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus -- (Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

acus, Sphyraena Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Plumier) 1803:325, 327, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Martinique Island or West Indies, western Atlantic. No types known. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:23 [ref. 22813]. Based on a Plumier drawing. Placed on Official Index in Opinion 900 [ref. 13280] (1970); suppressed for purpose of priority but not for homonymy. This name would then be regarded as a synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) following ICZN Opinion 900, but that has not been followed by subsequent authors since 1965; in the interest of stability, continued usage of acus was recommended (see Collette & 2003:10 [ref. 27306]). But Opinion 2169 (in 2007) reinstated acus as a valid name -- see Collette & Parin 2005:232 [ref. 28549]. Five subspecies are recognized following Collette & Parin 1970: T. a. acus (Lacepède 1803) in the western Atlantic, T. a. imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) in the Mediterranean Sea, T. a. rafale Collette and Parin 1970 in the Gulf of Guinea, T. a. melanotus (Bleeker 1850) throughout the Indo-west Pacific and extending into the eastern Pacific, and T. a. pacificus (Steindachner 1876) in the eastern Pacific; the latter was subsequently raised to species level by Collette & Banford (2001 [ref. 25982]). •Valid as Esox acus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Herrera 1896:31 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Tylosurus acus subspecies acus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:166 [ref. 25013], Collette & Banford 2001:51 [ref. 25982], Collette et al. 2003:102 [ref. 26784], Collette 2003:1112 [ref. 26981], Collette 2003:9, 10 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:718 [ref. 28995], Allen & Erdmann 2012:165 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:103 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:32 [ref. 33341], Psomadakis et al. 2015:176 [ref. 34104]). •Valid as Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Collette & Berry 1965:391 [ref. 13367], Parin 1967:52 [ref. 10272], Collette & Parin 1970:41 [ref. 7415], Parin 1973:260 [ref. 7191], Dor 1984:65 [ref. 29757], Collette & Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:608 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:106 [ref. 23100], Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442], Cervigón 1991:227 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:84 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:270 [ref. 23827], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:584 [ref. 21590], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:87 [ref. 22896], Santos et al. 1997:126 [ref. 23531], Larson & Williams 1997:350 [ref. 23967], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:69 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:268 [ref. 24023], Arruda 1997:62 [ref. 24952], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:939 [ref. 23897], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:104 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:206 [ref. 24550], Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471], Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:67 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:99 [ref. 27807], Golani 2005:29 [ref. 37112], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Randall 2007:138 [ref. 30952] with subspecies, Fricke 2008:22 [ref. 30182], Larson et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32988], Collette 2016:2126 [ref. 34601], Carneiro et al. 2019:199 [ref. 37250], Collette & Bemis 2019:42 [ref. 37342], Reiner 2019:131 [ref. 38139], Kovačić et al. 2020:30 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:336 [ref. 37272], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:319 [ref. 38945], Golani 2021:31 [ref. 38303], Collette 2022:379 [ref. 39718], Carvalho-Filho 2023:92 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:111 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505], Allen & Erdmann 2024:182 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). Belonidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas, except eastern Pacific. Some authors recognize 4 subspecies; acus acus occurs in the western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

altipinna, Belone Poey [F.] 1860:293 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. No types known. Published July 1860. Regarded as a synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) [ICZN Opinion 900], but we are not following that decision; see comments under Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). •Synonym of Belone imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Mees 1962:38 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies acus -- (Collette & Parin 1970:41 [ref. 7415], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:584 [ref. 21590], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

annulata, Belone Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:447, Pl. 550 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Sulawesi; Tongatapu, Tonga, South Pacific, Seychelles and Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4582 (1) Sulawesi, B-1132 (1) Tongatapu, A-6351 (1) Seychelles, A-8897 (1) Puducherry. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:6-7 [ref. 22813]. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:44 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus -- (Parin 1967:58 [ref. 10272], Dor 1984:66 [ref. 29757], Collette & Parin 1990:597 [ref. 16473], Collette 2003:10, 11 [ref. 27306], Mundy 2005:282 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

appendiculatus, Belone Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:580 [140] [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMNS 1615 (1, dry); ?NMW 14235 (1); ZMB 10584 (1, missing), 10689 (1). Type catalog: Paepke & Seegers 1986:145-146 [ref. 19981], Fricke 1992:6 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:15 [ref. 29864]. On p. 140 of separate volume. Belone is feminine, so the original spelling probably should have been Belone appendiculata as used by some early authors. •Valid as Belone appendiculatus Klunzinger 1871 -- (Mees 1962:16 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Dor 1984:65 [ref. 29757], Paxton et al. 2006:719 [ref. 28995]). •Valid as Tylosaurus appendiculatus (Klunzinger 1871) -- (Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies melanotus (Bleeker 1850) -- (Parin 1967:53 [ref. 10272], Randall 1995:87 [ref. 22896], Collette 1999:2159 [ref. 24785], Collette & Banford 2001:52 [ref. 25982], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306], Mundy 2005:282 [ref. 28379], Fourriére et al. 2016:443 [ref. 34668]). •Synonym of Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker 1850) -- (Golani & Fricke 2018:43 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker 1850). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

auloceps, Strongylura Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1923:12 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 63 (no. 2488); ref. 1474] Fiji Islands or Samoa, South Pacific. Holotype (unique): USNM 83422. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:4 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:45 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies melanotus (Bleeker 1850) -- (Parin 1967:55 [ref. 10272], Collette et al. 1992:4 [ref. 19410], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306]). •Valid as Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker 1850) Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker 1850). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

brachyrhynchos, Belone Bleeker [P.] 1854:61 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 16923] Sindangole, Halmahera, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1866.5.2.7. According to Collette 2003:12 [ref. 27306], the name Belone brachyrhynchos Bleeker 1854 has been considered to be a junior synonym of T. c. crocodilus by most authors including Mees (1962 [ref. 13277]) and Parin (1967 [ref. 10272]), but the presumed holotype (BMNH 1866.5.2.7) is a specimen of T. punctulatus. Rather than changing the long established name of this species, it is preferable to continue using the name T. punctulatus (Günther 1872). •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:45 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (Parin 1967:58 [ref. 10272]). •Synonym of Tylosurus punctulatus (Günther 1872) -- (Collette 2003:12 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus punctulatus (Günther 1872). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

cantrainei, Tylosurus Cocco [A.] 1833:18, Pl. (fig. 4) [Giornale di Scienze Lettere e Arti per La Sicilia v. 42 (no. 124); ref. 859] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Should be regarded as a synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) following ICZN Opinion 900; the name acus should not be used. Spelled cantraine on p. 18 and contrainei on p. 21, first reviser not researched, if none then we select contrainei -- the spelling used by current authors. •Synonym of Belone imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Mees 1962:38 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (authors). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Parin 1973:260 [ref. 7191], Collette & Parin 1990:596 [ref. 16473], Collette 2003:9, 10 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Paxton et al. 2006:719 [ref. 28995]). •Synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

carribaea, Belona Lesueur [C. A.] 1821:127 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 13274] Basseterre, near Guadeloupe Island, Caribbean Sea. No types known. Should be regarded as a synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) following ICZN Opinion 900. Types not located (Collette & Parin 1970 [ref. 7415]). Original genus should have been spelled Belone. •Synonym of Belone imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Mees 1962:38 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (authors). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies acus -- (Collette & Parin 1970:41 [ref. 7415], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:584 [ref. 21590], Collette 2003:9, 10 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

choram, Belone Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1837:72 [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 671. Paralectotypes: SMF 7821-23 (3), 7824 (1, skeleton), 7825 (1, skeleton). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:19 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:44 [ref. 13277]). •Valid as Tylosurus choram (Rüppell 1837) -- (Parin 1967:65 [ref. 10272], Collette & Parin 1970:56 [ref. 7415], Parin 1973:260 [ref. 7191], Dor 1984:65 [ref. 29757], Collette & Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:608 [ref. 13676], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:87 [ref. 22896], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:175 [ref. 26753], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Golani 2005:29 [ref. 37112], Fricke 2008:22 [ref. 30182], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:43 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:66 [ref. 36871], Bariche & Fricke 2020:117 [ref. 37515], Golani 2021:31 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:52 [ref. 39014], Collette 2022:379 [ref. 39718], Zajonz et al. 2022:59 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus choram (Rüppell 1837). Belonidae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Socotra (Yemen) east to west coast of India; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

coromandelica, Belone van Hasselt [J. C.] (ex Cuvier) 1823:331 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Vizagapatam, India. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Based on Russel 1803:Pl. 175, and the illustrated specimen should be the holotype if available. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:44 [ref. 13277]). •Questionably a synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (Parin 1967:58 [ref. 10272]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus -- (Collette 2003:10, 11 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

crassa, Belone Poey [F.] 1860:291 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 623 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:179 [ref. 22926]. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:45 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus -- (Collette & Parin 1970:52 [ref. 7415], Collette & Parin 1990:597 [ref. 16473], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:584 [ref. 21590], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

crocodila, Belona Péron [F.] & Lesueur [C. A.] in Lesueur 1821:129 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 13274] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:22 [ref. 22813]. Plate illustrating species not included in original, but later found and published by Phillips 1955:4, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [ref. 21818]. Placed on Official List in Opinion 900. Kottelat (2013) indicates that the name crocodila must be retained -- •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:44 [ref. 13277]). •Valid as Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Collette 1999:2160 [ref. 24785], Afonso et al. 1999:70 [ref. 25466], Randall 1999:8 [ref. 25829], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:50 [ref. 25480], Nakabo 2000:563 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:137 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:9 [ref. 25806], Collette & Banford 2001:51 [ref. 25982], Nakabo 2002:563 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:26 [ref. 26830], Collette et al. 2003:102 [ref. 26784], Collette 2003:1113 [ref. 26981], Collette 2003:10, 11 [ref. 27306], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:26 [ref. 27510], Smith et al. 2003:15 [ref. 27621], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Heemstra 2004:3337 [ref. 27945], Mundy 2005:282 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:719 [ref. 28995], Wirtz et al. 2007:28 [ref. 30263], Randall 2007:139 [ref. 30952] with subspecies, Motomura et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:166 [ref. 31980], Psomadakis et al. 2012:16 [ref. 33457], Fricke et al. 2013:252 [ref. 32706], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:170 [ref. 32953], Wirtz et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32972], Larson et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32988], Palacios-Salgado et al. 2014:236 [ref. 36362], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:32 [ref. 33341], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:177 [ref. 34104], Collette 2016:2127 [ref. 34601], Koeda et al. 2016:14 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:3 [ref. 35354], Barik et al. 2017:[3] [ref. 41529], Reiner 2019:132 [ref. 38139], Sonoyama et al. 2020:41 [ref. 37637], Akaike et al. 2021:19 [ref. 38809], Collette 2022:380 [ref. 39718], Murase et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40935]). •Valid as Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (Collette & Berry 1965:391 [ref. 13367], Parin 1967:58 [ref. 10272], Collette & Parin 1970:52 [ref. 7415], Kyushin et al. 1977:38 [ref. 19756], Dor 1984:65 [ref. 29757], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:78 [ref. 6441], Collette 1986:387 [ref. 5647], Robins & Ray 1986:107 [ref. 23100], Allen & Swainston 1988:40 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442], Collette & Parin 1990:597 [ref. 16473], Randall et al. 1990:58 [ref. 15987], Cervigón 1991:225 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:84 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:270 [ref. 23827], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:584 [ref. 21590], Bussing & López S. 1994:78 [ref. 23101], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:87 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:174 [ref. 27969], Murdy et al. 1997:119 [ref. 23144], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:69 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:268 [ref. 24023], Allen 1997:64 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:129 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:24 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:52 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:58 [ref. 25919], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:940 [ref. 23897], Myers 1999:75 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:117 [ref. 24106], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:206 [ref. 24550], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:240 [ref. 24754], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:167 [ref. 25013], Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:96 [ref. 25868], Allen 2000:85 [ref. 37268], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:159 [ref. 27511], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:154 [ref. 27754], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Choi et al. 2003:219, 546 [ref. 26218] with first author as Petron, Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:67 [ref. 27192], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:125 [ref. 28072], Nelson et al. 2004:99 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:64 [ref. 37547], Fricke et al. 2009:32 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2011:371 [ref. 31242], Page et al. 2013:103 [ref. 32708], Ali et al. 2018:314 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:106 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:43 [ref. 36273], Carneiro et al. 2019:200 [ref. 37250], Eagderi et al. 2019:22 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:80 [ref. 36673], Collette & Bemis 2019:48 [ref. 37342], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 11 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:81 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:336 [ref. 37272], Robertson et al. 2020:151 [ref. 38098], Kovačić et al. 2021:52 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:96 [ref. 39279], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:268 [ref. 39448], Angulo et al. 2023:65 [ref. 40676], Borme et al. in Fortič et al. 2023:197 [ref. 40465], Carvalho-Filho 2023:92 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505], Allen & Erdmann 2024:183 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, South China Sea, East China Sea, Sea of Japan), but not in eastern Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cylindrica, Belone Bleeker [P.] 1850:13 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (6); ref. 13275] Indonesia: Java; Sumatra (fide Parin 1967 [ref. 10272]). Jakarta; Surabaja; Kammal (Fowler). Syntypes: (16) RMNH 26144 (1), 26145 (some of 16). Appeared first in list as name only in Bleeker 1851:472 [ref. 16898]. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:44 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus -- (Parin 1967:58 [ref. 10272], Collette & Parin 1990:597 [ref. 16473], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

fijiense, Strongylura Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1923:13 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 63 (no. 2488); ref. 1474] Fiji Islands or Samoa (original label gives Fiji). Holotype (unique): USNM 83421. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:4 [ref. 19410]. •Questionably a synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (Parin 1967:60 [ref. 10272]). •Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Collette et al. 1992:4 [ref. 19410], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

fodiator, Tylosurus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:459 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (no. 254) (for 4 Aug. 1882); ref. 10610] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Holotype: USNM 28190. Paratypes: USNM 28323 (1). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:5 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801), but a valid subspecies -- (Mees 1962:50 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:206 [ref. 24550]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), but possibly a valid subspecies -- (Collette & Berry 1965:392 [ref. 13367]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), but a valid subspecies fodiator -- (Randall et al. 1990:58 [ref. 15987], Allen & Robertson 1994:90 [ref. 22193], Collette in Fischer et al. 1995:926 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:87 [ref. 22896], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:268 [ref. 24023], Collette & Banford 2001:51 [ref. 25982], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Collette 2016:2127 [ref. 34601], Fourriére et al. 2016:443 [ref. 34668], González-Murcia et al. 2019:296 [ref. 36544]). •Valid as Tylosurus fodiator Jordan & Gilbbert 1882 -- (Palacios-Salgado et al. 2014:236 [ref. 36362], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34871], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus fodiator Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: including Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

galapagensis, Strongylura Fowler [H. W.] 1944:304, Fig. 102 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Abingdon Island [Pinta Island], Galápagos Islands. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70251. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:27 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) subspecies fodiator (Jordan & Gilbert 1944) -- (Mees 1962:50 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies pacificus (Steindachner 1875) -- (McCosker 1998:810 [ref. 24025]). •Synonym of Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner 1875) -- (Collette & Banford 2001:52 [ref. 25982], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner 1875). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

gavialoides, Belone Castelnau [F. L.] 1873:142 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 2; ref. 758] Fremantle, Western Australia. Syntypes: NMV 51847 (not found in 1997). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:22 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Belone gavialoides Castelnau 1873 -- (Mees 1962:26 [ref. 13277]). •Valid as Lhotskia gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Parin 1967:41 [ref. 10272]). •Valid as Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:40 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:65 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:64 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:350 [ref. 23967], Collette 1999:2161 [ref. 24785], Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:719 [ref. 28995], Larson et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873). Belonidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

gerania, Belone Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:437 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Martinique Island, West Indies, western Atlantic. Syntypes: (2) MNHN A-8896 (1). Perhaps should be regarded as a synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) following ICZN Opinion 900, but see comments under Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). •Synonym of Belone imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Mees 1962:38 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Collette & Parin 1970:41 [ref. 7415], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:584 [ref. 21590]). •Synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (authors). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus -- (Collette 2003:10, 11 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gigantea, Belone Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:245 [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D2270 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH D1879 (1, stuffed), D2275 (1, stuffed). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:179 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:44 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus -- (Parin 1967:58 [ref. 10272], Collette & Parin 1990:597 [ref. 16473], Collette 2003:10, 11 [ref. 27306], Mundy 2005:282 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (Randall 2007:139 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gladius, Tylosurus Bean [T. H.] in Goode & Bean 1882:430 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 297); ref. 1840] Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 30151. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:5 [ref. 19410]. Appeared first as name only in Goode & Bean 1882:239 [ref. 20598]. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:45 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus -- (Collette & Parin 1970:52 [ref. 7415], Collette & Parin 1990:597 [ref. 16473], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:584 [ref. 21590], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gracilis, Belone Macleay [W.] 1881:243 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 6 (pt 2); ref. 6222] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Syntypes: AMS I.16272-001 [ex MAMU F190] (4). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:205 [ref. 19518]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Belone gracilis Lowe 1839. •Synonym of Belone gavialoides Castelnau 1873 -- (Mees 1962:26 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Lhotskia gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Parin 1967:41 [ref. 10272]). •Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:719 [ref. 28995]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

groeneri, Belone Klunzinger [C. B.] 1879:260 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 16 (no. 22); ref. 18913] Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Holotype (unique): SMNS 2601. Type catalog: Fricke 1992:6 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:16 [ref. 29864]. Also appeared in Klunzinger 1880:414 [90 of separate] [ref. 2624]. •Synonym of Belone gavialoides Castelnau 1873 -- (Mees 1962:26 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Lhotskia gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Parin 1967:41 [ref. 10272]). •Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442], Larson & Williams 1997:350 [ref. 23967], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:719 [ref. 28995], Larson et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

howesi, Tylosurus Ogilby [J. D.] 1907:12 [ ref. 19275] Not available, name only. •In the synonymy of Lhotskia gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Parin 1967:41 [ref. 10272]). •In the synonymy of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442], Paxton et al. 2006:720 [ref. 28995]). •Nomen nudum in Belonidae -- (Collette 2003:17 [ref. 27306]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873). Belonidae.

imperialis, Esox Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:59, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Palermo, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:34 [ref. 3595]. Sphyraena acus was placed on the Official Index and Esox imperialis on the Official List. See also Sphyraena acus Lacepède 1803 [note: because of changes, synonyms of T. imperialis may not be synonyms of Tylosurus imperialis imperialis] and a new petition will be submitted to preserve use of acus as in current literature. This subspecies occurs in the Mediterranean Sea. •Valid as Belone imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Mees 1962:38 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Collette & Berry 1965:391 [ref. 13367]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), but a valid subspecies imperialis -- (Parin 1973:260 [ref. 7191], Masuda et al. 1984 [ref. 6441], Collette & Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:607 [ref. 13676], Collette & Parin 1990:596 [ref. 16473], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:154 [ref. 27754], Collette & Banford 2001:53 [ref. 25982], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:60 [ref. 26753], Collette 2003:9, 10 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:719 [ref. 28995], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:34 [ref. 36649], Collette 2016:2121 [ref. 34601], Collette 2016:2126 [ref. 34601]). •Valid as Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Fricke et al. 2007:70 [ref. 29533], Wirtz et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32972], Parenti 2019:101 [ref. 37117], Bariche & Fricke 2020:42 [ref. 37515], Ketsilis-Rinis & Koutsidi in Bo et al. 2020:617 [ref. 37876], Michailidis in Gerovasileiou et al. 2020:355 [ref. 37890], Kovačić et al. 2021:52 [ref. 39014]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810). Belonidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Morocco south to Cape Verde Islands. Habitat: marine.

impotens, Tylosurus Ogilby [J. D.] 1908:89 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 21; ref. 3287] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: (2) Not at QM [ex AFAQ 537] (whereabouts unknown). •Synonym of Belone gavialoides Castelnau 1873 -- (Mees 1962:26 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Lhotskia gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Parin 1967:41 [ref. 10272]). •Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:720 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

jonesii, Belone Goode [G. B.] 1877:295 [American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 3) v. 14 (no. 82) (art. 50); ref. 13360] Bermuda. Lectotype: USNM 21392. Paralectotypes: USNM 202591 (2). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:3 [ref. 19410]. Original author selected a type of 18 inches; lectotype selected by Collette & Parin 1970:44 [ref. 7415]. Should be regarded as a synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) following ICZN Opinion 900, but see comments under Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803).. •Synonym of Belone imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Mees 1962:38 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies acus -- (Collette & Parin 1970:41 [ref. 7415], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992: [ref. 21590] as jonessi [sic], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:166 [ref. 25013], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

jonesii, Belone Günther [A.] 1879:151 [2] [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 3 (no. 14) (art. 15); ref. 13362] Bermuda. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1879.1.8.2. Described as new species, but objectively invalid; preoccupied by Belone jonesii Goode 1877. Should be regarded as a synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) following ICZN Opinion 900. •Synonym of Belone imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Mees 1962:38 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies acus -- (Collette & Parin 1970:41 [ref. 7415], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:166 [ref. 25013], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

koseirensis, Belone Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:579 [139] [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Lectotype: ZIN 2570. Paralectotypes: ZMB 8055 (1). Type catalog: Paepke & Seegers 1986:146 [ref. 19981]. On p. 139 of combined volume. Lectotype selected by Parin 1967:63 (translation p. 80) [ref. 10272]. •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus -- (Parin 1967:58 [ref. 10272], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

latimana, Belone Poey [F.] 1860:292 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Holotype (unique): MCZ 622. Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:179 [ref. 22926]. Should be regarded as a synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) following ICZN Opinion 900, but see remarks under Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). •Synonym of Belone imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Mees 1962:38 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies acus -- (Collette & Parin 1970:41 [ref. 7415], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:584 [ref. 21590], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

macleayana, Belone Ogilby [J. D.] 1886:53 [Catalogue of the fishes of New South Wales, with their principal synonyms; ref. 13268] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. No types known. Replacement name for Belone gracilis Macleay 1881, preoccupied by Belone gracilis Lowe 1839 and Belone gracilis Temminck & Schlegel 1846. •Synonym of Belone gavialoides Castelnau 1873 -- (Mees 1962:26 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Lhotskia gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Parin 1967:41 [ref. 10272]). •Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:720 [ref. 28995]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

marisrubri, Esox belone var. Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:391 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Red Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Paepke & Seegers 1986:146 [ref. 19981]. Originally maris rubri. Placed on Official Index (Opinion 900); suppressed for purpose of priority but not for homonymy. •Considered valid by Mees 1962:44 [ref. 13277]. •Synonym of Belone choram Rüppell 1837 -- (Parin 1967 [ref. 10272]). •In the synonymy of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (Dor 1984:65 [ref. 29757], Collette & Berry 1965:391 [ref. 13367]). •In the synonymy of Tylosurus choram (Rüppell 1837) -- (Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus choram (Rüppell 1837). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

melanochira, Belone Poey [F.] 1860:294 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Holotype (unique): MCZ 624. Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:179 [ref. 22926], Paepke & Seegers 1986:146 [ref. 19981], Collette et al. 1992:3 [ref. 19410]. MCZ 72048 [ex MCZ 624] (1), USNM 4744 (1), ZMB 5467 (1) were listed as syntypes previously, but the original description was based on a single specimen. •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus -- (Collette & Parin 1970:52 [ref. 7415], Collette & Parin 1990:597 [ref. 16473], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:584 [ref. 21590], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

melanotus, Belone Bleeker [P.] 1850:94 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 13402] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 6940. Lectotype selected by Mees 1962:55 [ref. 13277]. •Valid as Belone melanota Bleeker 1850 -- (Mees 1962:53 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), but a valid subspecies melanotus -- (Parin 1967:53 [ref. 10272], Dor 1984:65 [ref. 29757], Yoshida in Masuda et al. 1984:79 [ref. 6441], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Goren & Dor 1994:16 [ref. 25356], Collette in Fischer et al. 1995:920 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:87 [ref. 22896], Allen & Robertson 1997:821 [ref. 41086], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:268 [ref. 24023] [but see McCosker 1998:810 [ref. 24025]], Myers 1999:75 [ref. 23965], Collette 1999:2159 [ref. 24785], Nakabo 2000:563 [ref. 25086], Collette in Randall & Lim 2000:599 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:9 [ref. 25806], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:97 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Collette & Banford 2001:51 [ref. 25982], Nakabo 2002:563 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:219, 545 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:26 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Mundy 2005:282 [ref. 28379], Randall 2005:81 [ref. 28239], Motomura et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31256], Yoshida et al. 2013:64 [ref. 34464], Musikasinthorn in Kimura et al. 2018:62 [ref. 36460], Kim et al. 2020:81 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:41 [ref. 37637], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:8 [ref. 39607]). •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), subspecies imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Parin 1973:260 [ref. 7191], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker 1850) -- (Chen et al. 1997:24 [ref. 26476], Fricke et al. 2014:40 [ref. 33932], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Fricke et al. 2018:106 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:43 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:22 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:81 [ref. 36673], Collette 2022:379 [ref. 39718], Jamandre 2023:161 [ref. 40455], Fricke et al. 2024:66 [ref. 41255]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker 1850). Belonidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and La Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France) and Cocos Island (Costa Rica), north to Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan). Habitat: marine.

melanurus, Belone Bleeker [P.] 1849:11 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 22 [8]; ref. 320] Madura Straits near Surabaya and Kammal, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: SMNS 10574 (3). Type catalog: Fricke 1991:9 [ref. 13474], Fricke 2005:16 [ref. 29864]. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:44 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus -- (Parin 1967:58 [ref. 10272], Collette & Parin 1990:597 [ref. 16473], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (authors). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

pacifica, Belone Steindachner [F.] 1875:93 [65] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 4223] Acapulco, western Mexico; Panama. Syntypes: (several) NMW 77255 (2), 77501 (3) 16698 (2). On p. 65 of separate. Formerly considered a subspecies of T. acus until raised to specific rank by Collette & Banford (2001) [ref. 25982]. Sometimes dated to 1876. •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), but a valid subspecies pacificus (Steindachner 1875) -- (Collette & Berry 1965:391 [ref. 13367], Allen & Robertson 1994:90 [ref. 22193], Collette in Fischer et al. 1995:925 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:87 [ref. 22896], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:269 [ref. 24023] [but see McCosker 1998:810 [ref. 24025]], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:104 [ref. 24555]). •Valid as Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner 1875) -- (Collette & Banford 2001:52 [ref. 25982], Collette 2003:1105 [ref. 26981], Collette 2003:11 [ref. 27306], Nelson et al. 2004:99 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:64 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:103 [ref. 32708], Collette 2016:2126 [ref. 34601], Fourriére et al. 2016:443 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2021:96 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:149 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:190 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner 1875). Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja Californian Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

philippinus, Tylosurus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1928:31, Pl. 2 [Philippine Journal of Science v. 35 (no. 1); ref. 10964] Coron, Busuanga Island, Philippines. Holotype: BSMP 11084 (presumed destroyed). Paratypes: BSMP (1) presumed destroyed. Additional material: BSMP (2) presumed destroyed. •Synonym of Belone punctulata Günther 1872 -- (Mees 1962:63 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus punctulatus (Günther 1872) -- (Parin 1967:50 [ref. 10272], Collette 2003:12 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus punctulatus (Günther 1872). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

punctulata, Belone Günther [A.] 1872:670 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3) (art. 1) (for 21 Nov. 1871); ref. 1997] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1871.9.1.12. See comments by Collette 2003:12 [ref. 27306] for continuation of this name over brachyrhynchos Bleeker 1854. •Valid as Belone punctulata Günther 1872 -- (Mees 1962:63 [ref. 13277]). •Valid as Tylosurus punctulatus (Günther 1872) -- (Parin 1967:50 [ref. 10272], Paxton et al. 1989:344 [ref. 12442], Collette 1999:2161 [ref. 24785], Collette 2003:12 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:720 [ref. 28995], Fricke et al. 2019:81 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus punctulatus (Günther 1872). Belonidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Indonesia east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Philippines, south to northern Australia and Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

rafale, Tylosurus acus Collette [B. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 1970:49, Fig. 12 [Atlantide Report No. 11; ref. 7415] Off Freetown, Sierra Leone. Holotype: USNM 188847. Paratypes: BMNH 1969.7.30.1 (1), CBAT (Centro Biol. Aguát. Trop., Lisboa) (4 lots, 4), IFAN (5 lots, 8), IOM (2 lots, 2), IRSNB 547-548 (1, 1), MNHN 1969-0182 (1), MRAC (2 lots, 2), MSNG (1), UF (7 lots, 23) to USNM, USNM (13 lots, 35; orig. 6 lots, 12), ZMUC (2 lots, 2). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:22 [ref. 20755], Collette et al. 1992:4-5 [ref. 19410] including 7 more lots transferred from UF (TABL) to USNM, Collette et al. 1997:9 [ref. 22813]. Should be regarded as a synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque 1810) following ICZN Opinion 900, but see comments under Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803). This subspecies (or species) occurs in the Gulf of Guinea, eastern Atlantic. •Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède 1803), but a valid subspecies rafale as described -- (Collette & Parin 1990:596 [ref. 16473], Afonso et al. 1999:70 [ref. 25466], Collette & Banford 2001:53 [ref. 25982], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306], Collette 2016:2126 [ref. 34601], Almeida & Alves 2019:269 [ref. 37509]). •Valid as Tylosurus rafale Collette & Parin 1970 -- (Wirtz et al. 2007:28 [ref. 30263], Wirtz et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32972], Wirtz et al. 2014:4 [ref. 33516], Fermon et al. 2022:268 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus rafale Collette & Parin 1970. Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Sierra Leone south to Angola. Habitat: marine.

raphidoma, Belone Ranzani [C.] 1842:359, Pl. 37 [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis v. 5; ref. 9017] Brazilian seas, southwestern Atlantic. Holotype (unique): MZUB 929. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:44 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (Collette & Berry 1965:391 [ref. 13367], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:206 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:167 [ref. 25013]). •Questionably a synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (Parin 1967:58 [ref. 10272], Collette & Parin 1970:52 [ref. 7415], Collette & Parin 1990:597 [ref. 16473], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:584 [ref. 21590], Collette 1999:2160 [ref. 24785]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus, subspecies crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (Collette 2003:1113 [ref. 26981], Collette 2003:10, 11 [ref. 27306], Collette 2016:2127 [ref. 34601]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

robusta, Belone Günther [A.] 1866:242 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Red Sea; Egypt. Syntypes: BMNH 1859.6.11.5 (1, dry) Egypt, 1961.1.12.1 (1, stuffed) Red Sea. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:45 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus choram (Rüppell 1837) -- (Parin 1967:65 [ref. 10272], Dor 1984:65 [ref. 29757], Collette 2003:10 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus choram (Rüppell 1837). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

timucoides, Belone van Hasselt [J. C.] 1824:372, 374 [Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie (Férussac), Paris v. 2; ref. 5964] Vizagapatam, India. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Based on Russell 1803, Pl. 175. Appeared only in the French edition above but not in original in Dutch which appeared earlier [ref. 5963]. •Synonym of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:44 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821), subspecies crocodilus -- (Parin 1967:57 [ref. 10272], Collette 2003:10, 11 [ref. 27306]). •Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.