binotatus, Synodus Schultz [L. P.] in Schultz et al. 1953:35, Fig. 8 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 1; ref. 3975] Lagoon reef near southern end, Ennylabegan Island, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands, western Pacific. Holotype: USNM 140801. Paratypes: FMNH 62589-60 [ex USNM 140807] (1), [ex USNM 140810] (1); USNM 140802-06 (1, 5, 1, 1, 2,), 140808-09 (4, 1), 140811-13 (8, 4, 5). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:82 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Synodus binotatus Schultz 1953 -- (Cressey 1981:9 [ref. 5574], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:61 [ref. 6441], Cressey 1986:271 [ref. 6289], Waples & Randall 1989:189 [ref. 9187], Paxton et al. 1989:237 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:13 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:49 [ref. 15987], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:271 [ref. 21953], Randall et al. 1997:49 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:64 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:93 [ref. 24106], Russell 1999:1940 [ref. 24747], Nakabo 2000:356 [ref. 25086], Russell in Randall & Lim 2000:592 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:126 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:20 [ref. 25847], Chen 2002:60 [ref. 26587], Nakabo 2002:356 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S98 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:613 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:116 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:63 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:200 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:468 [ref. 28997], Chen et al. 2007:149 [ref. 29121], Randall 2007:109 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:24 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2011:358 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:123 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:251 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:27 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:4 [ref. 33988], Fricke et al. 2018:69 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:63 [ref. 36673], Fujiwara et al. 2020:33 [ref. 38631], Russell 2022:216 [ref. 39701], Allen & Erdmann 2024:136 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:87 [ref. 41255]). Current status: Valid as Synodus binotatus Schultz 1953. Synodontidae: Synodontinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Aliwal Shoal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Line Islands and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia), north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.
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