lugubris, Caranx Poey [F.] 1860:222 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba, western Atlantic. No types known. See Smith-Vaniz & Randall 1994 [ref. 21632] and Opinion 1841. •Valid as Caranx lugubris Poey 1860 -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:374 [ref. 7198], Kyushin et al. 1977:264 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:195 [ref. 19754], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:156 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:826 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:160 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz 1986:647 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:577 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Winterbottom et al. 1989:34 [ref. 13251], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644], Randall et al. 1990:161 [ref. 15987], Cervigón 1992:286 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:68 [ref. 24474], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:955 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:180 [ref. 22896], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:77 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:363 [ref. 24023], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Allen & Robertson 1997:825 [ref. 41086], Arruda 1997:83 [ref. 24952], Kuiter 1997:158 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:161 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:55 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:138 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:247 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2713 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:238 [ref. 25013], Randall 1999:15 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:801 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:230 [ref. 25191], Thomson et al. 2000:288 [ref. 25640], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Nakabo 2002:801 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1442 [ref. 27083], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576] dated 1861, Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576] dated 1861, Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:304 [ref. 28072], Pequeño 2004:96 [ref. 28123], Love et al. 2005:116 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:228 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:366 [ref. 28379], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:279 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Trunov 2006:475 [ref. 28786], Hoese & Gates 2006:1156 [ref. 28997], Wirtz et al. 2007:11, 32 [ref. 30263], Randall 2007:229 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Béarez & Séret 2009:147 [ref. 36646], Fricke et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Allen & Erdmann 2012:434 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:222 [ref. 34104], Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2480 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Koeda et al. 2016:37 [ref. 35333], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36248], Brown et al. 2019:167 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37250], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Reiner 2019:192 [ref. 38139], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:424 [ref. 37272], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Durville et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38802], Love et al. 2021:152 [ref. 39279], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:343 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:238 [ref. 39448], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:171 [ref. 41223], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Smith-Vaniz 2022:47 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:114 [ref. 40522], Carvalho-Filho 2023:139 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:129 [ref. 40505], Abe et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41435], Allen & Erdmann 2024:459 [ref. 40796], Silva et al. 2024:4 [ref. 41512]). Current status: Valid as Caranx lugubris Poey 1860. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, South China Sea, east China Sea, southern Sea of Japan, southern Gulf of California/Mexico). IUCN (2017): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.
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