macrospilos, Serranus Bleeker [P.] 1855:499 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 16851] Batjan, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5503. Later spelled macrospilus. •Valid as Epinephelus macrospilos (Bleeker 1855) -- (Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:129 [ref. 6441], Randall et al. 1990:110 [ref. 15987], Randall & Heemstra 1991:186 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:179 [ref. 21042], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:x [ref. 21953], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:237 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:90 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:110 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:114 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:191 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2508 [ref. 24815], Nakabo 2000:723 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:609 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:11 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:30 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:723 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:31 [ref. 26830], Heemstra et al. 2004:3319 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:158 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1013 [ref. 28999], Fricke et al. 2009:45 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2011:384 [ref. 31242], Craig et al. 2011:175 [ref. 31786], Allen & Erdmann 2012:275 [ref. 31980], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988], Hata et al. 2016:49 [ref. 35065], Fricke et al. 2018:150 [ref. 35805], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Sakamoto et al. 2018:216 [ref. 36508], Parenti & Randall 2020:73 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:52 [ref. 38701], Heemstra 2022:61 [ref. 39742], Tachibana & Endo 2023:21 [ref. 40968]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus macrospilos (Bleeker 1855). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marshall Islands and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.