spilotoceps, Epinephelus Schultz [L. P.] in Schultz et al. 1953:357, Figs. 56-57 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 1; ref. 3975] Lagoon reef off Namu Island, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, western Pacific. Holotype: USNM 141901. Paratypes: FMNH 62615-16 (1, 1); USNM 141902 (3), 141904-921 (1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 9, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 7, 1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:35 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz 1953 -- (Heemstra & Randall 1986:532 [ref. 5667], Randall et al. 1990:114 [ref. 15987], Manilo 1992:22 [131] [ref. 39140], Heemstra & Randall 1993:232 [ref. 21042], Chen et al. 1997:148 [ref. 24620], Kuiter 1997:108 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:114 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:115 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:199 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2524 [ref. 24815], Allen 2000:86 [ref. 37268], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:610 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:98 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:262 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:30 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:31 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S104 [ref. 27377], Lobel & Lobel 2004:70 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:12 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:163 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:348 [ref. 28379], Fricke et al. 2009:47 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2011:385 [ref. 31242], Craig et al. 2011:231 [ref. 31786], Allen & Erdmann 2012:280 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:257 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:153 [ref. 35805], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Arndt & Fricke 2019:29 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:119 [ref. 36673], Parenti & Randall 2020:80 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:53 [ref. 38701], Heemstra 2022:70 [ref. 39742], Allen & Erdmann 2024:298 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:71 [ref. 41255]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz 1953. Epinephelidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Mozambiquem, Tanzania), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Line Islands (Kiribati), Marshall Islands, Tonga and Cook Islands, north to the Philippines, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.
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