nigricans, Chaetodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:274 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Red Sea; unknown locality (probably Indonesia). No types known. Species with composite sources, based on Chaetodon nigrescens of Artedi 1738:90 [ref. 30529], and the 'Chætodon (maris rubri) aculeis in utroque latere ad caudam duobus' of Hasselquist 1757:332 [ref. 30181]. The Red Sea material desribed by Hasselquist belongs to another species, so a neotype to fix the current usage following Artedi is needed. •Valid as Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Dor 1984:254 [ref. 29757], Randall 1988:54 [ref. 14257], Allen & Swainston 1988:140 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:423 [ref. 15987], Allen & Robertson 1994:272 [ref. 22193], Goren & Dor 1994:68 [ref. 25356], Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995:842 [ref. 22829], Allen 1997:224 [ref. 23977], Allen & Robertson 1997:832 [ref. 41086], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:565 [ref. 24023], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:46 [ref. 24545], Randall et al. 1997:423 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:270 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:93 [ref. 37268], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:642 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1328 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:426 [ref. 25191], Thomson et al. 2000:256 [ref. 25640], Randall & Frische 2000:51 [ref. 25805], Randall & Earle 2000:21 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:270 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:45 [ref. 25847], Kuiter & Debelius 2001:28 [ref. 26232], Randall 2001:3665 [ref. 26301], Nakabo 2002:1328 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:62 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:647 [ref. 27495], Matsuura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:203 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:76 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:29 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:174 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:164 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:579 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:488 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1736 [ref. 29094], Randall 2007:424 [ref. 30952], Craig 2008:65 [ref. 29767], Béarez & Séret 2009:151 [ref. 36646], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:194 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:226 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1023 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:180 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2014:182 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:8 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:307 [ref. 34104], Fourriére et al. 2016:450 [ref. 34668], Fourrière et al. 2016:Suppl. p. 16 [ref. 42488], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:611 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:101 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:16 [ref. 35354], Golani & Fricke 2018:166 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:300 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:98 [ref. 36871] as cf. nigricans, Lobel et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37334], Love et al. 2021:208 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:163 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40981], Allen & Erdmann 2024:1181 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:665 [ref. 41622], Victor et al. 2024:81 [ref. 42021], Zajonz et al. 2024:[14] [ref. 41238]). Current status: Valid as Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, Pacific: Andaman Sea, Cocos-Keeling Islands (Australia) and Indonesia east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to southern Japan and Hawaiian Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands; eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Ecuador, including Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France), Cocdos Island (Costa Rica) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). IUCN (2012): Least Concern. Hybridizes with A. achilles Shaw 1803. Habitat: marine.
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