surinamensis, Holocentrus Bloch [M. E.] 1790:98, Pl. 243 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 4; ref. 469] Suriname, Caribbean Sea. Lectotype: ZMB 5089 (left skin). Paralectotypes: ZMB 5527 (1, right skin). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:95 [ref. 24282]. On p. 78 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 7 [ref. 21381]. Lacepède 1802:384 [ref. 4929] misspelled name as surinam. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:95 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch 1790) -- (Tortonese 1973:389 [ref. 7192], Kyushin et al. 1977:142 [ref. 19756], Mochizuki in Masuda et al. 1984:161 [ref. 6441], Gilhen & McAllister 1985:116 [ref. 41052], Heemstra 1986:622 [ref. 5660], Roux in Whitehead et al. 1986:854 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:174 [ref. 23100], Allen & Swainston 1988:76 [ref. 25477], Scott & Scott 1988:388 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:139 [ref. 14674], Tortonese 1990:780 [ref. 18658], Randall et al. 1990:189 [ref. 15987], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:838 [ref. 20764], Boschung 1992:138 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:348 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:160 [ref. 24474], Rounds & Feeney 1993:67 [ref. 23007], Kottelat et al. 1993:114 [ref. 23448], Kuiter 1993:191 [ref. 23929], Allen & Robertson 1994:141 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:116 [ref. 23101], Goren & Dor 1994:36 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:335 [ref. 27969], Cheng & Zhou 1997:302 [ref. 26385], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:159 [ref. 22947], Allen 1997:118 [ref. 23977], Murdy et al. 1997:255 [ref. 23144], Chen et al. 1997:95 [ref. 26476], Santos et al. 1997:89 [ref. 23531], Carpenter et al. 1997:175 [ref. 23922], Schmid & Randall et al. 1997:353 [ref. 24084], Arruda 1997:87 [ref. 24952], Randall et al. 1997:189 [ref. 25919], Aguilera 1998:50 [ref. 24221], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:11 [ref. 24670], Myers 1999:148 [ref. 23965], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:307 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:256 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:74 [ref. 25466], Johnson 1999:736 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:836 [ref. 25086], Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:483 [ref. 25191], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:161 [ref. 27754], Magomedov 2001:714 [ref. 25623], Sakai et al. 2001:98 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:34 [ref. 25847], Carpenter 2001:2944 [ref. 26101], Camargo & Isaac 2001:142 [ref. 27639], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:88 [ref. 26753], Nakabo 2002:836 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:339, 612 [ref. 26218], López et al. 2002:64 [ref. 26808], Ataur Rahman 2003:350 [ref. 31338], Carpenter 2003:1505 [ref. 27092], Collette et al. 2003:110 [ref. 26784], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:93 [ref. 27510], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:83 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:627 [ref. 27495], Parin 2003:S10 [ref. 28536], Smith et al. 2003:26 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:143 [ref. 27807], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:277 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:41 [ref. 37112], Hilton & Bemis 2005:665 [ref. 28319], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:343 [ref. 28815], Mundy 2005:385 [ref. 28379], Randall 2005:263 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1211 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2007:86 [ref. 29533], Wirtz et al. 2007:34 [ref. 30263], Randall 2007:254 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:64 [ref. 30213], Kharin et al. 2009:32 [ref. 30072], Motomura et al. 2010:121 [ref. 31256], Page et al. 2013:147 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:125 [ref. 32972], Larson et al. 2013:135 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:344 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:137 [ref. 34464], Fricke et al. 2014:90 [ref. 33932], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:52 [ref. 33341], Parin et al. 2014:366 [ref. 33547], Psomadakis et al. 2015:251 [ref. 34104], Bettoso et al. 2016:210 [ref. 41558], Carpenter in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2544 [ref. 34618], Narasimhaiah et al. 2016:69 [ref. 34975], Nión et al. 2016:48 [ref. 35565], Marceniuk et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35324], Motomura et al. 2017:139 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:326 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:203 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:89 [ref. 36273], Spier et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36103], Tafzilmeriam in Kimura et al. 2018:158 [ref. 36460], Artüz & Fricke 2019:556 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:261 [ref. 37250], Eagderi et al. 2019:79 [ref. 37020], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Gill & Leis 2019:4 [ref. 36999], Reiner 2019:208 [ref. 38139], Ribeiro et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36717], Bariche & Fricke 2020:77 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:34 [ref. 37519], Batjakas & Kampouris in Bo et al. 2020:624 [ref. 37876], Psomadakis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 37272], Guidetti in Gerovasileiou et al. 2020:344 [ref. 37890], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 27 [ref. 38321], Iglésias et al. 2020:295 [ref. 37987], Kim et al. 2020:131 [ref. 39118], Licchelli & Denitto in Gerovasileiou et al. 2020:348 [ref. 37890], Robertson et al. 2020:158 [ref. 38098], Sonoyama et al. 2020:69 [ref. 37637], Akaike et al. 2021:23 [ref. 38809], Bañón & Maño 2021:84 [ref. 38887], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:665 [ref. 38945], Dyldin et al. 2021:45 [ref. 38804], Golani 2021:52 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:60 [ref. 39014], Moulitharan et al. 2021:673 [ref. 38819], Tiralongo & Azzurro in Tsagarakis et al. 2021:631 [ref. 38798], Taki et al. 2021:364 [ref. 39830], Albano & D'Iglio in Montesanto et al. 2022:979 [ref. 39977], Fermon et al. 2022:298 [ref. 39448], Heemstra 2022:429 [ref. 39850], Angulo et al. 2023:76 [ref. 40676], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Carvalho-Filho 2023:158 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:76 [ref. 40710], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:115 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:161 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch 1790). Lobotidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, South China Sea, Sea of Japan), but not in eastern Pacific. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.