monoceros, Balistes Linnaeus [C.] 1758:327 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Asia; America (Bahamas; Piedra Blanca, off Vietnam). Syntypes: NRM 40 (1) ? West Indies, ?NRM LP 8 (1). Type catalog: Wheeler 1985:73 [ref. 20705], Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:273-274 [ref. 20707]. Based on the ‘Unicornis, piscis bahamensis’ of Catesby 1743:19, Pl. 19 [ref. 774], and the ‘Balistes monoceros’ of Osbeck 1757:110 [ref. 3311]. •Valid as Osbeckia monoceros (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:54 [ref. 39147]). •Valid as Alutera monoceros (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berry & Vogele 1961:65 [ref. 19549], Kyushin et al. 1977:358 [ref. 19756], Hutchins 1977:54 [ref. 2283], Kyushin et al. 1982:285 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:278 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:73 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:614 [ref. 27969], Chen et al. 1997:183 [ref. 26476] with author as Osbeck and date 1757, Cheng & Zhou 1997:472 [ref. 26385] with author and date as Osbeck 1757, Aguilera 1998:53 [ref. 24221]). •Valid as Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:470 [ref. 14275], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:361 [ref. 6441], Hutchins 1986:883 [ref. 5673], Robins & Ray 1986:300 [ref. 23100], Edwards & Glass 1987:669 [ref. 9166], Allen & Swainston 1988:152 [ref. 25477], Dennis & Bright 1988:12 [ref. 39782], Pequeño 1989:77 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:243 [ref. 24556], Harmelin-Vivien & Quéro 1990:1061 [ref. 19527], Randall et al. 1990:461 [ref. 15987], Boschung 1992:179 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:359 [ref. 23827], Kuiter 1993:408 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:168 [ref. 25479], Bussing & Lavenberg in Fischer et al. 1995:1280 [ref. 22830], Randall 1995:395 [ref. 22896], Cervigón 1996:94 [ref. 24489], Quéro & Laborde 1996:107 [ref. 22307], Santos et al. 1997:114 [ref. 23531] as monocerus, Allen 1997:242 [ref. 23977], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:638 [ref. 24023], Lindberg et al. 1997:71 [ref. 23547], Carpenter et al. 1997:237 [ref. 23922], Arruda 1997:122 [ref. 24952] as monocerus, Kuiter 1997:400 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:461 [ref. 25919], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:135 [ref. 24555], Myers 1999:284 [ref. 23965], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:349 [ref. 25013], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2000:401 [ref. 24427], Hutchins in Randall & Lim 2000:647 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1404 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:274 [ref. 25480], Hutchins 2001:47 [ref. 25847], Hutchins 2001:3936 [ref. 26316], Camargo & Isaac 2001:146 [ref. 27639], Nakabo 2002:1404 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:448, 692 [ref. 26218], Freitas & Biscoito 2002:4 [ref. 27802], Allen & Adrim 2003:64 [ref. 26830], Matsuura 2003:1972 [ref. 27119], Matsuura 2003:1978 [ref. 27119], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:650 [ref. 27495], Menezes & Moura in Menezes et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27192], Parin 2003:S33 [ref. 28536], Nelson et al. 2004:184 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:179 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:632 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:527 [ref. 28379], Randall et al. 2005:131 [ref. 28745], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:904 [ref. 28815], Allen et al. 2006:1881 [ref. 29098], Randall 2007:477 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:118 [ref. 30213] as Aluteres monoceros, McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:195 [ref. 30957] as monocerus, Motomura et al. 2010:234 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1070 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:190 [ref. 32708], Larson et al. 2013:233 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:227 [ref. 34464], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:433 [ref. 33460], Matsuura 2014:11 [ref. 33576], Parin et al. 2014:550 [ref. 33547], Fricke et al. 2014:195 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:334 [ref. 34104], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1718 [ref. 34322], Pinheiro et al. 2015:34 [ref. 34324], Matsuura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:3061 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:451 [ref. 34668], Moazzam & Osmany 2016:2 [ref. 39994], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:612 [ref. 34923], Nión et al. 2016:55 [ref. 35565], Motomura et al. 2017:231 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:379 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:178 [ref. 36273], Jawad et al. 2018:122 [ref. 36262], Matsuura in Kimura et al. 2018:305 [ref. 36460], Spier et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36103], Brown et al. 2019:183 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:226 [ref. 37250], Eagderi et al. 2019:135 [ref. 37020], Reiner 2019:305 [ref. 38139], Guabiroba et al. 2020:701 [ref. 37571], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 30 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:199 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:610 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:127 [ref. 37637], Kim et al. 2021:228 [ref. 39117], Kovačić et al. 2021:63 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:224 [ref. 39279], Mary et al. 2021:396 [ref. 38693], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:698 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:308 [ref. 39448], Hutchins 2022:430 [ref. 40252], Carvalho-Filho 2023:279 [ref. 40480], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:428 [ref. 40816], Vilasri et al. 2023:98 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus 1758). Monacanthidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, South China Sea, Sea of Japan, Gulf of California/Mexico). IUCN (2017): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.