chanos, Mugil Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:74, xiv [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea [not Mediterranean Sea]. Holotype: ZMUC P17154 (dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:10 [ref. 9588], Fricke 2008:17 [ref. 30182]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:17 [ref. 30182]. Holotype figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 37 [ref. 20847]. •Valid as Chanos chanos (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:28 [ref. 19756], Arnoult 1984:128 [ref. 6179], Dor 1984:50 [ref. 29757], Uyeno in Masuda et al. 1984:54 [ref. 6441], Duffy & Bernard 1985:122 [ref. 22646], Winans 1985:890 [ref. 6784], Kuang in Kuang et al. 1986:15 [ref. 26639], Smith 1986:210 [ref. 5712], Allen & Swainston 1988:30 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:215 [ref. 12442], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:238 [ref. 25598], Winterbottom et al. 1989:13 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:48 [ref. 15987], Allen & Coates 1990:55 [ref. 25561], Allen 1991:48 [ref. 21090], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:150 [ref. 20764], Kuang in Pan et al. 1991:31 [ref. 23876], Francis 1993:158 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:62 [ref. 22193], Poll & Gosse 1995:95 [ref. 24781], Goren & Dor 1994:13 [ref. 25356], Coad 1995:9 [ref. 23608], Whitehead in Fischer et al. 1995:1004 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:74 [ref. 22896], Larson in McDowall 1996:48 [ref. 22909], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:141 [ref. 27969], Rainboth 1996:65 [ref. 22772], Allen 1997:50 [ref. 23977], Cheng & Zhou 1997:65 [ref. 26385] dated to1755, De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:105 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:197 [ref. 24023], Larson & Williams 1997:348 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:120 [ref. 23922], Lee & Joo 1997:1 [ref. 25728], Randall et al. 1997:48 [ref. 25919], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:181 [ref. 24555], Myers 1999:63 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:81 [ref. 24106], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:139 [ref. 24550], Bagarinao 1999:1822 [ref. 24730], Mishra et al. 1999:83 [ref. 25315], Johnson 1999:723 [ref. 25471], Fuller et al. 1999:50 [ref. 25838], Nakabo 2000:252 [ref. 25086], Ferraris in Randall & Lim 2000:588 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:343 [ref. 25191], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:185 [ref. 25703], Randall & Earle 2000:6 [ref. 25806], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:97 [ref. 26368], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:141 [ref. 27511], Hutchins 2001:21 [ref. 25847], Sakai et al. 2001:86 [ref. 25693], Zhang 2001:160 [ref. 26586] dated 1755, Allen et al. 2002:335 [ref. 25930], Nakabo 2002:252 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:24 [ref. 26830], Choi et al. 2003:155, 500 [ref. 26218], Khan 2003:7 [ref. 27710], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:18 [ref. 27510], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S97 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:613 [ref. 27495], Seegers et al. 2003:30 [ref. 28087], Heemstra et al. 2004:3317 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:111 [ref. 28072], Lobel & Lobel 2004:68 [ref. 27576], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Randall et al. 2004:7 [ref. 27624], Tan & Lim 2004:108 [ref. 27716], Love et al. 2005:27 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:149 [ref. 28379], Randall 2005:60 [ref. 28239], Paxton et al. 2006:340 [ref. 28994], Randall 2007:104 [ref. 30952], Hobbs et al. 2008:7 [ref. 39350], Fricke et al. 2009:22 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:189 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:75 [ref. 31256], Esmaeili et al. 2010:366 [ref. 33391], Fricke et al. 2011:355 [ref. 31242], Özvarol & Gökoğlu 2012:135 [ref. 31819], Allen & Erdmann 2012:121 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:251 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:37 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:64 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:40 [ref. 34464], Morgan et al. 2014:33 [ref. 36567], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:4 [ref. 33988], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:860 [ref. 34062], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2015:20 [ref. 34319], Psomadakis et al. 2015:163 [ref. 34104], Esmaeili et al. 2015:118 [ref. 35030], Miesen et al. 2016:82 [ref. 34492], Koeda et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35333], Esmaeili et al. 2017:31 [ref. 35254], Motomura et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:311 [ref. 36183], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Esmaeili et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36089], Fricke et al. 2018:58 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:36 [ref. 36273], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35859], Suresh et al. 2018:91 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:33 [ref. 37020], González-Murcia et al. 2019:290 [ref. 36544], Zajonz et al. 2019:63 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 7 [ref. 38321], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:29 [ref. 37983], Psomadakis et al. 2020:304 [ref. 37272], Taki et al. 2021:70 [ref. 39830], Esmaeili et al. 2022:460 [ref. 39253], Zajonz et al. 2022:46 [ref. 40522], Esmaeili & Hamidan 2023:206 [ref. 40377], Jamandre 2023:170 [ref. 40455]). •Valid as Chanos chanos (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:17 [ref. 30182], Kovačić et al. 2021:23 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:44 [ref. 39279], Heemstra 2022:180 [ref. 39695], Çiçek et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40616], Page et al. 2023:63 [ref. 40505], Çiçek et al. 2024:44 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Chanos chanos (Fabricius 1775). Chanidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and Norfolk Island; eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to northern Peru, including Galapagos Islands (Ecuador); Mediterranean Sea immigrant. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.