spiloparaeus, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Commerson) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:338 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] No locality stated [Indian Ocean]. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7172 (dry skin). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:35 [ref. 19232]. Originally spelled spiloparæus. Based on description in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). •Valid as Cephalopholis spiloparaea (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1986:519 [ref. 5667], Lee 1990:31 [ref. 19830], Randall et al. 1990:104 [ref. 15987], Randall & Heemstra 1991:66 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:58 [ref. 21042], Allen 1997:90 [ref. 23977], Machida et al. 1997:50 [ref. 25135], Randall et al. 1997:104 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:112 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:181 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2542 [ref. 24815], Randall 1999:11 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:86 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:713 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:609 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:179 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:262 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:29 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:713 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:31 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:621 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:50 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:70 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:11 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:152 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1006 [ref. 28999], Randall & Justine 2008:157 [ref. 29942], Fricke et al. 2009:44 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2011:384 [ref. 31242], Craig et al. 2011:56 [ref. 31786], Allen & Erdmann 2012:266 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:60 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:25 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:147 [ref. 35805], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Fricke et al. 2019:115 [ref. 36673], Parenti & Randall 2020:57 [ref. 37354], Durville et al. 2021:311 [ref. 38802], Heemstra 2022:45 [ref. 39742], Allen & Erdmann 2024:283 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Cephalopholis spiloparaea (Valenciennes 1828). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Mozambique), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Pitcairn Group, north to Taiwan, Ogasawara Islands (Japan) and Wake Island, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.