zebra, Gymnothorax Shaw [G.] in Shaw & Nodder 1797:4 unnum. pp., Pl. 322 [The Naturalist's Miscellany; ref. 4013] Sumatra, Indonesia [originally American seas]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1977.4.22.4 [ex Royal Coll. Surgons]. Description at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40319202 •Valid as Echidna zebra (Shaw 1797) -- (Dor 1984:27 [ref. 29757], Castle & McCosker 1986:167 [ref. 5645], Allen & Swainston 1988:32 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:127 [ref. 12442]). •Valid as Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw 1797) -- (Hatooka in Masuda et al. 1984:25 [ref. 6441], Winterbottom et al. 1989:8 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:35 [ref. 15987], Randall et al. 1994:224 [ref. 21645], Chen et al. 1994:48 [ref. 22258], Allen & Robertson 1994:44 [ref. 22193], Goren & Dor 1994:7 [ref. 25356], Quéro & Saldanha 1995:66 [ref. 22017], McCosker & Rosenblatt in Fischer et al. 1995:1308 [ref. 22830], Randall & Golani 1995:853 [ref. 21744], Randall 1995:55 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:52 [ref. 23977], Allen & Robertson 1997:819 [ref. 41086], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:224 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:149 [ref. 24023], Carpenter et al. 1997:107 [ref. 23922], Randall et al. 1997:35 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:46 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:43 [ref. 24106], Böhlke et al. 1999:1656 [ref. 24692], Allen 2000:84 [ref. 37268], Böhlke & Randall 2000:224 [ref. 24493], Nakabo 2000:199 [ref. 25086], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:585 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:110 [ref. 25191], Thomson et al. 2000:45 [ref. 25640], Randall & Earle 2000:6 [ref. 25806], Böhlke & McCosker 2001:73 [ref. 25226], Hutchins 2001:16 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:199 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:22 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S95 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:610 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:68 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:6 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:118 [ref. 27715], Nelson et al. 2004:60 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3316 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:102 [ref. 28072], Love et al. 2005:17 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:116 [ref. 28379], Randall 2005:38 [ref. 28239], Smith & Böhlke 2006:38 [ref. 28678], Allen et al. 2006:247 [ref. 29005], Randall 2007:83 [ref. 30952], Imamura 2009:17 [ref. 30434], Fricke et al. 2009:15 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:188 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:70 [ref. 31256], Zhang et al. 2010:241 [ref. 31511], Caratini & Soriano 2011:62 [ref. 39915], Fricke et al. 2011:349 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:80 [ref. 31980], Smith 2012:10 [ref. 32155], Page et al. 2013:61 [ref. 32708], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:4 [ref. 33988], Ho et al. 2015:154 [ref. 34130], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:144 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:441 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:606 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:6 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:34 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:20 [ref. 36273], Huang et al. 2018:[2] [ref. 35898], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:115 [ref. 40104], Eagderi et al. 2019:17 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:61 [ref. 36871], Smith et al. 2019:16 [ref. 37159], Ramos-Castro et al. 2020:83 [ref. 37651], Dale et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38298], Love et al. 2021:33 [ref. 39279], Eudeline 2022:135 [ref. 39191], Grove et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41326], Smith & Böhlke 2022:43 [ref. 39681], Page et al. 2023:51 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40981], Allen & Erdmann 2024:89 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:114 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw 1797). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Mayotte (France), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands (Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to North West Cape (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia; eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Revillagiogedo Islands (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France), Malpelo Island (Colombia) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.
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