melanopterus, Carcharias Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:194, Pl. 43 (figs. 1-2) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] [Waigiou] Pulau Waigeo, Papua Barat, Indonesia, western Pacific. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-1129. Type catalog: Bertin 1939:70 [ref. 20739] as holotype (MNHN 1129, figured) and paratypes; MNHN 1129 designated lectotype by Eschmeyer 1998:1055 [ref. 23416] to conform to ICZN Code. Nomen protectum according to Fricke 2008:9 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Compagno 1973:23 [ref. 7163], Garrick 1982:96 [ref. 5454], Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:108 [ref. 13675], Dor 1984:6 [ref. 29757], Compagno 1984:487 [ref. 6846], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:6 [ref. 6441], Bass et al. 1986:75 [ref. 5638], Capapé 1987:22 [ref. 39326], Allen & Swainston 1988:22 [ref. 25477], Gubanov & Timoxin 1989:224 [ref. 36138], Paxton et al. 1989:78 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:4 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:20 [ref. 15987], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:18 [ref. 20764], Last & Stevens 1994:250 [ref. 23873], Goren & Dor 1994:2 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:33 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:63 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:42 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:343 [ref. 23967], Kuiter 1997:14 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:20 [ref. 25919], Compagno & Niem 1998:1343 [ref. 23787], Yano & Morrissey 1999:193 [ref. 23887], Myers 1999:34 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:20 [ref. 24106], Morón et al. 1999:147 [ref. 24253], Mishra et al. 1999:82 [ref. 25315], Johnson 1999:719 [ref. 25471], Compagno 1999:483 [ref. 25589], Randall 1999:5 [ref. 25829], Nakabo 2000:138 [ref. 25086], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:580 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:92 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:5 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:14 [ref. 25847], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:14 [ref. 26753], Nakabo 2002:138 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:21 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S92 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:609 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:67 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:5 [ref. 27624], Bonfil & Abdallah 2004:30 [ref. 27735], Heemstra 2004:3337 [ref. 27945], Golani 2005:10 [ref. 37112], Compagno et al. 2005:39 [ref. 29145], Mundy 2005:91 [ref. 28379], Randall 2005:13 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:102 [ref. 29001], Fricke et al. 2007:14 [ref. 29533], Randall 2007:33 [ref. 30952], Fricke 2008:9 [ref. 30182], Fricke et al. 2009:9 [ref. 30213], Last el al. 2010:106 [ref. 32461], Fricke et al. 2011:345 [ref. 31242], Voigt & Weber 2011:82 [ref. 31424], Moore et al. 2012:9 [ref. 31771], Psomadakis et al. 2012:14 [ref. 33457], White 2012:3 [ref. 31843], Allen & Erdmann 2012:56 [ref. 31980], Yamashita et al. 2012:124 [ref. 32408], Naylor et al. 2012:24 [ref. 32267] see remarks, Fricke et al. 2013:250 [32706], Larson et al. 2013:10 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:21 [ref. 32989], Ebert et al. 2013:333 [ref. 33045], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:4 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:83 [ref. 34104], Weigmann 2016:22 [ref. 34211], Motomura et al. 2017:21 [ref. 35490], White et al. 2017:154 [ref. 35860], Ali et al. 2018:301 [ref. 36183], Ehemann et al. 2018:21 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:14 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:11 [ref. 36273], Kumar et al. 2018:296 [ref. 36178], White & Ko'ou 2018:36 [ref. 35922], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:84 [ref. 37302], Eagderi et al. 2019:5 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:41 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:59 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 2 [ref. 38321], Kabasakal 2020:91 [ref. 37952], Psomadakis et al. 2020:177 [ref. 37272], Serena et al. 2020:502 [ref. 37963], Ebert et al. 2021:64 [ref. 38234], Giovos et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38895], Golani 2021:8 [ref. 38303], Haroon & Kibria 2021:60 [ref. 39241], Barone et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39527], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:20 [ref. 41223], Hsu et al. 2022:3 [ref. 39567], Moazzam & Osmany 2022:209 [ref. 40666], Winton & Ebert 2022:526 [ref. 39667], Zajonz et al. 2022:14 [ref. 40522], Jamandre 2023:162 [ref. 40455], Allen & Erdmann 2024:59 [ref. 40796]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Carcharhinidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group north to Taiwan, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. [No longer considered as present in the Mediterranean Sea -- (Fricke et al. 2007:14 [ref. 29533])]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.