tarapacana, Cephaloptera Philippi [R. A.] 1892:8, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Anales del Museo Nacional de Chile. Primera seccion, Zoología No. 3; ref. 22759] 12 miles west of Iquique, Tarapacà Province, Chile [southeastern Pacific]. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Appeared as Cephaloptera? tarapacana. On p. 9 of German edition (Philippi 1893 [ref. 14560]). •Valid as Mobula tarapacana (Philippi 1892) -- (Notarbartolo-di-Sciara 1987:68 [ref. 9133], Pequeño 1989:17 [ref. 14125], Randall et al. 1990:32 [ref. 15987], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:viii [ref. 21953], Allen & Robertson 1994:37 [ref. 22193], McEachran & Notarbartolo-di-Sciara in Fischer et al. 1995:764 [ref. 22829], Castro-Aguirre & Espinosa Pérez 1996:60 [ref. 22793], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:131 [ref. 24023], Childs 1997:39 [ref. 24970], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:196 [ref. 23897], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:73 [ref. 24555], Randall et al. 1997:32 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:40 [ref. 23965], Compagno & Last 1999:1529 [ref. 24637], Compagno 1999:498 [ref. 25589], Nakabo 2000:186 [ref. 25086], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:583 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:104 [ref. 25191], Nakabo 2002:186 [ref. 26001], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Gadig & Gomes in Menezes et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27192] dated 1893, McEachran & Carvalho 2003:589 [ref. 26985], Gadig et al. 2003:869 [ref. 27134], Bonfil & Abdallah 2004:57 [ref. 27735], Nelson et al. 2004:57 [ref. 27807] with date as 1893, Love et al. 2005:15 [ref. 37547], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Randall 2007:49 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:12 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:188 [ref. 30957], Fricke et al. 2011:348 [ref. 31242], Ho & Shao 2011: 21 [ref. 31432], Page et al. 2013:57 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:117 [ref. 32972], Ebert et al. 2013:370 [ref. 33045], Wirtz et al. 2014:2 [ref. 33516], Boer et al. 2015:4 [ref. 41464], Dyldin 2015:76 [ref. 34524], Psomadakis et al. 2015:109 [ref. 34104], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:137 [ref. 34398], Weigmann 2016:146 [ref. 34211], Duffy & Vogiatzis 2016:141 [ref. 34488], Notarbartolo-di-Sciara & Séret 2016:1439 [ref. 34552], Fourriére et al. 2016:440 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:606 [ref. 34923], Notarbartolo-di-Sciara et al. 2016:[4] 200 [ref. 37502], White & Last 2016:748 [ref. 35016], White et al. 2017:292 [ref. 35860], Biscoito et al. 2018:487 [ref. 37562], Dyldin & Orlov 2018:173 [ref. 35920], Ehemann et al. 2018:27 [ref. 36194], Golani & Fricke 2018:18 [ref. 36273], Kumar et al. 2018:298 [ref. 36178], White & Ko'ou 2018:68 [ref. 35922], White et al. 2018:69 [ref. 37171], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:178 [ref. 37302], Brown et al. 2019:154 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:52 [ref. 37250], Ehemann et al. 2019:[7] [ref. 36861], Reiner 2019:52 [ref. 38139], Bineesh et al. 2020:27 [ref. 37641], Calle-Morán et al. 2020:247 [ref. 37881], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 4 [ref. 38321], Jones et al. 2020:305 [ref. 37610], Psomadakis et al. 2020:215 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:15 [ref. 37637], Bessudo et al. 2021:[3] 1771 [ref. 39107], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:59 [ref. 38158], Ebert et al. 2021:101 [ref. 38234], González-Acosta et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38361], Love et al. 2021:30 [ref. 39279], Ehemann et al. 2022:[3] 215 [ref. 40885], Fermon et al. 2022:110 [ref. 39448], Grove et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41326], Marshall 2022:632 [ref. 39677], Robertson et al. 2022:86 [ref. 39353], Carvalho-Filho 2023:325 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:48 [ref. 40505], Pate et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40414], Allen & Erdmann 2024:75 [ref. 40796], Bucair et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41220], Fricke et al. 2024:105 [ref. 41622], Glaus et al. 2024:7 [ref. 40788], Harris 2024:[3] [ref. 41017]). Current status: Valid as Mobula tarapacana (Philippi 1892). Mobulidae. Distribution: Probably circumglobal in tropical seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Red Sea, Sea of Japan, Gulf of California/Mexico). IUCN (2019): Endangered. Habitat: marine.
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