africana, Raja Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:367 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Guinea, West Africa (?). Holotype (unique): ZMB 7837 (dry skin, partial specimen). Type catalog: Paepke & Schmidt 1988:177 [ref. 21041], Paepke 1999:75 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Urogymnus africanus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Compagno & Roberts 1984:285 [ref. 8237], Dor 1984:19 [ref. 29757], Paxton et al. 1989:43 [ref. 12442], Séret in Lévêque et al. 1990:74 [ref. 21589], Randall et al. 1990:30 [ref. 15987], Goren & Dor 1994:6 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:47 [ref. 22896] with asperrimus a synonym, Randall et al. 1997:30 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:39 [ref. 23965], Myers & Donaldson 2003:610 [ref. 27495], Haroon & Kibria 2021:118 [ref. 39241] as africana). •Possible synonym of Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Compagno 1986:141 [ref. 5648]). •Synonym of Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Capapé & Desoutter 1990:63 [ref. 19317], Last & Stevens 1994:415 [ref. 23873], Last & Compagno 1999:1497 [ref. 24639], Bonfil & Abdallah 2004:52 [ref. 27735], Randall 2005:20 [ref. 28239], Compagno et al. 2005:76 [ref. 29145], Paxton et al. 2006:196 [ref. 28995], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:58 [ref. 35264] as africanus with author as Fowler 1956, Weigmann 2016:141 [ref. 34211], Séret 2016:1418 [ref. 34545], Ebert et al. 2021:96 [ref. 38234], White & Fricke 2021:399 [ref. 38324], Manjaji-Matsumoto et al. 2022:614 [ref. 39674]). Current status: Synonym of Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Dasyatidae: Urogymninae. Habitat: brackish, marine.