Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Labridae: [ 2046 ] records

abacurus, Callyodon Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:324, Pl. 33 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Pago Pago, Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51754. Paratypes: (15) ANSP 31692 (1); CAS-SU 8667 (3), 12966 (1, missing in 1995); USNM 51822 (1), 51830-31 (1, 1), 163938 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:87 [ref. 12291], Böhlke 1984:150 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Scarus pyrrhurus (Jordan & Seale 1906) -- (Choat & Randall 1986:216 [ref. 8099]). •Synonym of Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:53 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:449 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

abbotti, Sparisoma Fowler [H. W.] 1915:258, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 67; ref. 15099] Kingston, St. Vincent Island, West Indies. Holotype: ANSP 39868. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:150 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Sparisoma radians (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:61 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma radians (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

abhortani, Julis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:459 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-0143. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:47 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède 1801) -- (Fricke 1999:446 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:47 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:262 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

abildgaardi, Sparus Bloch [M. E.] 1791:22, Pl. 259 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 5; ref. 4867] St. Croix Island, Virgin Islands, West Indies. Holotype (unique): ZMB 8584 (right skin). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:127 [ref. 24282]. On p. 19 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 8 [ref. 21381]. Spelled abildgardi in Bloch & Schneider 1801 p. 286 and Shaw & Nodder 1812 [ref. 4013]. •Synonym of Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:302 [ref. 25013]). Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

abudjubbe, Cheilinus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] [ex Forsskål] 1835:18 [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] [No locality stated] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): ZMUC P.5847. Type catalog: Fricke 2008:47 [ref. 30182]. Based on Labrus lunulatus var. β or var. b or [Scarus] abu djubbe of Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775:xi, 37, 44 [ref. 1351]; see Fricke 2008:47 [ref. 30182]. •Synonym of Cheilinus trilobatus Lacepède 1801 -- (Dor 1984:199 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Cheilinus abudjubbe Rüppell 1835 -- (Goren & Dor 1994:53 [ref. 25356], Parenti & Randall 2000:8 [ref. 24943], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Fricke 2008:47 [ref. 30182], Kuiter 2010:174 [ref. 35285], DiBattista et al. 2015:21 [ref. 35706], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:122 [ref. 36273], Randall & Victor 2022:181 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Cheilinus abudjubbe Rüppell 1835. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

acatirostreus, Labrus Nardo [G. D.] 1824:254 [Giornale di fisica, chimica e storia naturale, medicina, ed arti. (series 2) v. 7; ref. 3144] Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). No types known. Apparently intended as new although "nobis" was not given, perhaps acutirostreus was intended. Treated as Lutianus acutirostreus in Nardo 1827:30 [ref. 3146]. •Synonym of Symphodus rostratus (Bloch 1791) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:43 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus rostratus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

acutus, Ctenolabrus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:235 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Malaga, Spain, western Mediterranean Sea. Holotype: MNHN 0000-6322. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:39 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Ctenolabrus rupestris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:432 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:16 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Ctenolabrus rupestris (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

acutus, Scarus Poey [F.] 1860:216 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Published July 1860. •Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:300 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

adelaidensis, Julis Castelnau [F. L.] 1875:35 [Official Record, containing Introduction, Catalogues, Official Awards of the Commissioners, Report and Recommendations of the Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria.; ref. 768] Adelaide, South Australia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1877-0027 (not found). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:71 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Ophthalmolepis lineolata (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:32 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Ophthalmolepis lineolata (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

adornatus, Cirrhilabrus Randall [J. E.] & Kunzmann [A.] 1998:41, Figs. 1-4 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 25 (no. 1/2); ref. 23412] Off Padang, Pulau Ular, Sumatra, Indonesia, 1°7.2'S, 100°21.35'E, depth 12-14 meters. Holotype: BPBM 37631. Paratypes: AMS I.38115-001 (2); BMNH 1997.8.4.1-2 (2); BPBM 37632 (2); CAS 95378 (1); NSMT-P 52635 (2); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 55123 (1), USNM 345505 (1). •Valid as Cirrhilabrus adornatus Randall & Kunzmann 1998 -- (Allen & Kuiter 1999:136 [ref. 24289], Johnson 1999:743 [ref. 25471], Parenti & Randall 2000:11 [ref. 24943], Allen 2000:46 [ref. 25747], Allen & Adrim 2003:48 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2008:131 [ref. 29752], Kuiter 2010:136 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:650 [ref. 31980], Allen et al. 2015:3 [ref. 33787]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus adornatus Randall & Kunzmann 1998. Labridae. Distribution: Sumatra (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

adspersus, Labrus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Schöpf) 1792:254 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated [New York, U.S.A.]. No types known. Based on 'Labrus, Burgall; zu Neu York' in Schöpf 1788:155 [ref. 18700]. •Valid as Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Smith 1986:436 [ref. 22186], Robins & Ray 1986:207 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:398 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:155 [ref. 14674], Murdy et al. 1997:251 [ref. 23144], Parenti & Randall 2000:44 [ref. 24943], Munroe in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:457 [ref. 26158], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], Parenti & Randall 2011:36 [ref. 31299], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], Simian et al. 2022:376 [ref. 40776]). Current status: Valid as Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

adustus, Pseudojulis Gilbert [C. H.] 1890:66 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 13 (no. 797); ref. 1623] Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Islands, off western Mexico. Syntypes: (3) USNM 44275 (2). •Valid as Pseudojulis adustus Gilbert 1890 -- (Bussing 1987:97 [ref. 21800]). •Valid as Iridio adustus (Gilbert 1890) -- (Kuiter 2010:211, 221 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres adustus (Gilbert 1890) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:198 [ref. 22193], Gomon in Fischer et al. 1995:1208 [ref. 22830], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:198 [ref. 24545], Parenti & Randall 2000:19 [ref. 24943], Nelson et al. 2004:155 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:135 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:448 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Wainwright et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35725], Love et al. 2021:176 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres adustus (Gilbert 1890). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California (Mexico) south to Costa Rica, including Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

aequalis, Pseudocoris Randall [J. E.] & Walsh [F.] 2008:53, Figs. 18-21 [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 29659] Coral Sea, Holmes Reef, 16°27.0'S, 147°51.50'E, depth 8-10 meters. Holotype: QM I.38118. Paratypes: AMS I.44510-001 (1); BMNH 2007.10.23.2 (1); BPBM 40659 (1); QM I.38119 (1). •Valid as Pseudocoris aequalis Randall & Walsh 2008 -- (Kuiter 2010:327 [ref. 35285], Parenti & Randall 2011:36 [ref. 31299], Randall et al. 2015:5, 39 [ref. 33896]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocoris aequalis Randall & Walsh 2008. Labridae. Distribution: Coral Sea to southern Queensland, Australia. Habitat: marine.

aerosa, Scaridea Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1907:215, Fig. 4 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (no. 623) (for 1906); ref. 10656] Market in Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 57786. Paratypes: CAS-SU 13417 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Calotomus zonarchus (Jenkins 1903) -- (Bruce & Randall 1985:21 [ref. 5234], Parenti & Randall 2000:51 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:451 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:360 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Calotomus zonarchus (Jenkins 1903). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aeruginosus, Julis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:441 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN A-9185 (1), 595 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:47 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål 1775) -- (Randall & Edwards 1985:23 [ref. 17448], Fricke 1999:446 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:46 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:260 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål 1775). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aeruginosus, Labrus Pallas [P. S.] 1814:264 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] "In littore saxoso meridionali Tauriae", Crimara. •Synonym of Crenilabrus roissali (Risso 1810) -- (Parin et al. 2014:379 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Symphodus roissali (Risso 1810) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:440 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:42 [ref. 24943], Parin 2003:S18 [ref. 28536]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus roissali (Risso 1810). Labridae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

aeruginosus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:257 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Red Sea. Holotype: MNHN 0000-2487 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:291 [ref. 20736], Bauchot & Guibé 1961:259 [ref. 20737]. •Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Ormond 1978:245 [ref. 21371], Randall & Bruce 1983:16 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:214 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:280 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aestuaricola, Halichoeres Bussing [W. A.] 1972:4, Fig. 1 [Brenesia No. 1; ref. 20800] Mouth of Río Dagua at Buenaventura, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56466 [ex CM 5280a]. Paratypes: CAS 79640 [ex IU 13428a] (1), FMNH 56467 [CM 5280b] (1). Replacement name for Iridio bimaculata Wilson 1916:68 [ref. 12398], secondarily preoccupied by Halichoeres bimaculatus Rüppell 1835 when both are in Halichoeres. Kuiter 2010:219 [ref. 35285] treats this as an unwarranted replacement. •Valid as Halichoeres aestuaricola Bussing 1972 -- (Bussing 1987:95 [ref. 21800], Allen & Robertson 1994:198 [ref. 22193], Gomon in Fischer et al. 1995:1209 [ref. 22830], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:198 [ref. 24545], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:398 [ref. 24550], Parenti & Randall 2000:19 [ref. 24943], Thomson et al. 2000:178 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:155 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:1006 [ref. 33194]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Halichoeres aestuaricola Bussing 1972. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

affinis, Labrichthys Döderlein [L.] in Steindachner & Döderlein 1887:272 [16] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 53 (1. abth.); ref. 4249] Not available; name mentioned in synonomy of Labrichthys rubiginosus (Parenti & Randall 2000:64 [ref. 24943]); from Tokyo and Nagasaki, Japan; apparently never treated in an available way. Nomen Nudum. Labridae.

africana, Coris gaimard Smith [J. L. B.] 1957:119, Pls. 1A-2A; Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 8; ref. 12170] Mahé, Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 87. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] (not researched). •Synonym of Coris gaimard (Quoy & Gaimard 1824), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Dor 1984:201 [ref. 29757], Randall 1986:692 [ref. 5706], Winterbottom et al. 1989:53 [ref. 13251], Goren & Dor 1994:54 [ref. 25356]). •Valid as Coris africana Smith 1957 -- (Randall et al. 1990:313 [ref. 15987], Randall 1995:274 [ref. 22896], Fricke 1999:406 [ref. 24106], Fricke & Durville 2021:34 [ref. 38902]). •Synonym of Coris cuvieri (Bennett 1831) -- (Randall 1999:25 [ref. 24043], Parenti & Randall 2000:15 [ref. 24943], Golani & Fricke 2018:124 [ref. 36273], Randall & Victor 2022:192 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Coris cuvieri (Bennett 1831). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

africanus, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1955:19, Fig. 26; Pl. 3 (fig. 26) [Memorias do Museu Dr. Alvaro de Castro No. 3; ref. 4101] Shimoni, Kenya. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 68. Paratypes: (several) not researched. •Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:28 [ref. 5412], Randall 1986:713 [ref. 5706], Choat & Randall 1986:219 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:460 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2018:300 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:287 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

africanus, Cirrhilabrus Victor [B. C.] 2016:35, Figs. 14-20 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 23; ref. 34858] Kenya (aquarium trade). Holotype: BPBM 41295. Paratypes: BPBM. •Valid as Cirrhilabrus africanus Victor 2016 -- (Parenti & Randall 2018:15 [ref. 35964], Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus africanus Victor 2016. Labridae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Kenya south to KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Habitat: marine.

africanus, Clepticus Heiser [J. B.], Moura [R. L. de] & Robertson [D. R.] 2000:69, Figs. 1-2, 6 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 25763] North coast of São Tomé Island, 0°25'00"N, 6°40'00"E, Gulf of Guinea, northeastern Atlantic, depth 5-15 meters. Holotype: USNM 361243. Paratypes: USNM 361244 (10). •Valid as Clepticus africanus Heiser, Moura & Robertson 2000 -- (Wirtz et al. 2007:14, 37 [ref. 30263], Kuiter 2010:19 [ref. 35285], Parenti & Randall 2011:33 [ref. 31299], Reiner 2019:242 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:289 [ref. 39448]). •Valid as Bodianus africanus (Heiser, Moura & Robertson 2000) based on status of genus -- (Santini et al. 2016:6 [ref. 39174]). Current status: Valid as Bodianus africanus (Heiser, Moura & Robertson 2000). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Gabon, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

ahula, Scarus Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:61, Fig. 19 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 14757] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: CAS-SU 6142. Paratypes: CAS-SU 23320 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Chlorurus perspicillatus (Steindachner 1879) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:53 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:452 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:361 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Chlorurus perspicillatus (Steindachner 1879). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aigula, Lachnolaimus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:277, Pl. 378 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] St. Bartholomew Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-7392. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:101 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Cervigón 1993:427 [ref. 24474], Parenti & Randall 2000:28 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum 1792). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

alberti, Lutjanus Risso [A.] 1810:277 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MNHN B-866 (2, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1981:34 [ref. 21549]. •Synonym of Symphodus quinquemaculatus (Bloch 1792) -- (Bauchot et al. 1981:34 [ref. 21549]). •Synonym of Symphodus roissali (Risso 1810) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:440 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:42 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus roissali (Risso 1810). Labridae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

albigena, Choerops De Vis [C. W.] 1885:876 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 4); ref. 1091] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: QM I.110 (1). •Synonym of Choerodon cyanodus (Richardson 1843) -- (Randall et al. 1990:306 [ref. 15987], Parenti & Randall 2000:10 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1378 [ref. 29095], Gomon 2017:23 [ref. 35547] as albiqena). Current status: Synonym of Choerodon cyanodus (Richardson 1843). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

albimarginatus, Cryptotomus Fourmanoir [P.] & Guézé [P.] 1961:19, Fig. 6 [Publications de l'Institut de Recherche Scientifique de Madagascar.; ref. 19993] Pointe-des-Galets fish market, Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Lectotype selected by Fricke 1999:450 [ref. 24106] as the specimen shown in Fig. 6 in the original description but apparently there was only a unique holotype. •Synonym of Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Bruce & Randall 1985:8 [ref. 5234], Choat & Randall 1986:193 [ref. 8099], Fricke 1999:450 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:51 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:291 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

albipunctatus, Callyodon Seale [A.] 1910:526 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Sitanki Island, Jolo Archipelago, Philippines. Holotype (unique): BSMP 4876 (apparently destroyed). •Synonym of Scarus sordidus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:31 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:221 [ref. 8099]). •Synonym of Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:53 [ref. 24943], Kottelat 2013:380 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Chlorurus spilurus (Valenciennes 1840). Current status: Synonym of Chlorurus spilurus (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

albofasciata, Wetmorella Schultz [L. P.] & Marshall [N. B.] 1954:446, Pl. 12 (fig. E) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 103 (no. 3327); ref. 10168] Mabul Island, off southeastern Sabah, Malaysia. Holotype (unique): USNM 93504. •Valid as Wetmorella albofasciata Schultz & Marshall 1954 -- (Randall et al. 1990:340 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:196 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:278 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:340 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:194 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:47 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:269 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3403 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:634 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:442 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:449 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1416 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:330 [ref. 30952], Kuiter 2010:169 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:724 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:139 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2018:295 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:240 [ref. 36673], Randall & Victor 2022:263 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Wetmorella albofasciata Schultz & Marshall 1954. Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Agalega Islands and Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros and Madagascar east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to Philippines, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

albofasciatus, Choerodon Gomon [M. F.] 2017:64, Fig. 33 [Memoirs of Museum Victoria v. 76; ref. 35547] Mimase, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Holotype (unique): BSKU 7593. New name for Choerodonoides japonicus Kamohara 1958. However, Labrus japonicus Valenciennes is permanently invalid (has been replaced by Choerops azurio Jordan & Snyder, 1901), and Labrus japonicus Houttuyn has been regarded as a nomen dubium in the genus Pseudolabrus (Mabuchi & Nakabo, 1997), so no new name needed. •Unneeded replacement name -- (Parenti & Randall 2018:14 [ref. 35964]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Choerodon japonicus (Kamohara 1958). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

albolineum, Thalassoma Nichols [J. T.] 1941:1, Fig. 6 [American Museum Novitates No. 1154; ref. 13109] Bali, Indonesia. Holotype: AMNH 14999. Paratypes: AMNH 20938 (1). •Synonym of Thalassoma quinquevittatum (Lay & Bennett 1839) -- (Randall & Edwards 1985:27 [ref. 17448], Parenti & Randall 2000:47 [ref. 24943], Randall 2007:346 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma quinquevittatum (Lay & Bennett 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

albolumbata, Julis Schmidt [P. Yu.] 1931:87, Fig. 8 [Transactions of the Pacific Committee of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. v. 1; ref. 3937] Itoman, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Syntypes: ZIN 23320 (2). Appeared as name only in Schmidt 1930:515 [ref. 18734]. •Synonym of Pseudocoris bleekeri (Hubrecht 1876) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:36 [ref. 24943], Randall et al. 2015:31 [ref. 33896]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocoris bleekeri (Hubrecht 1876). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

albomaculatus, Cossyphus Gudger [E. W.] 1929:517 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 58 (art. 9); ref. 11187] Not available; as Cossyphus (ablomaculatus?), name only in Index to Pike's paintings from Mauritius; possibly based on USNM 13217. •In the synonymy of Bodianus axillaris (Bennett 1832) -- (Fricke 1999:395 [ref. 24106]). •Name only, not available -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:64 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:175 [ref. 39916]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Bodianus axillaris (Bennett 1832). Labridae.

albomaculatus, Lepidaplois Smith [J. L. B.] 1957:101, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 7; ref. 4113] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Possible types: USNM 13217 (1) Mauritius, coll. Pike. Based on a painting (No. 163) by Nicholas Pike 1870. •Synonym of Bodianus axillaris (Bennett 1832) -- (Randall 1986:687 [ref. 5706], Allen & Swainston 1988:110 [ref. 25477], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:64 [ref. 28730]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus axillaris (Bennett 1832). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

albotaeniatus, Cossyphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:141 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Hawaiian Islands. Lectotype: MNHN A-3699. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1987-0150 [ex MNHN A-3699] (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:26 [ref. 19171]. Original as albo-tæniatus. Lectotype selected by Gomon & Randall 1978:40 [ref. 5481]. •Synonym of Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Gomon & Randall 1978:34 [ref. 5481], Randall 1986:687 [ref. 5706], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède 1801), but a valid subspecies -- (Myers 1999:188 [ref. 23965], Mundy 2005:432 [ref. 28379]). •Valid as Bodianus albotaeniatus (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Gomon 2006:73 [ref. 28730], Randall 2007:320 [ref. 30952], Kuiter 2010:33 [ref. 35285], Parenti & Randall 2011:30 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Valid as Bodianus albotaeniatus (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

albovittatus, Labrus Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Koelreuter) 1788:108, Pl. 98 (fig. 399) [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] No locality stated. No types known. Originally as albo-vittatus. Based on Koelreuter 1764:458 [ref. 26164]. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:431 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Stethojulis albovittata (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Randall & Kay 1974:103 [ref. 22741], Dor 1984:207 [ref. 29757], Randall 1986:702 [ref. 5706] as albovittatus, Winterbottom et al. 1989:56 [ref. 13251], Goren & Dor 1994:55 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:288 [ref. 22896], Fricke 1999:431 [ref. 24106], Randall 2000:7 [ref. 24432], Parenti & Randall 2000:39 [ref. 24943], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830] as albovittatus, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:352 [ref. 28072], Randall 2007:341 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:89 [ref. 30213], Kuiter 2010:352 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:718 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:267 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:292 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:129 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:19 [ref. 36883], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:173 [ref. 40104], Zajonz et al. 2019:90 [ref. 36871], Randall & Victor 2022:250 [ref. 39916], Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Stethojulis albovittata (Bonnaterre 1788). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Lakshadweep (India), Maldives and Chagos Archipelago (Beitish Indian Ocean Territory); possibly Sri Lanka and east to Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

aldabrensis, Lepidaplois Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:932, Pl. 24 (fig. A) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 8 (no. 96) (art. 107); ref. 12527] Aldabra Island, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 281. •Synonym of Bodianus diana (Lacepède 1801) -- (Dor 1984:196 [ref. 29757], Randall 1986:688 [ref. 5706], Randall et al. 1990:299 [ref. 15987], Randall 1995:271 [ref. 22896], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:56 [ref. 28730], Golani & Fricke 2018:122 [ref. 36273], Randall & Victor 2022:176 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus diana (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

alfiani, Paracheilinus Allen [G. R.], Erdmann [M. V.] & Yusmalinda [N. L. A.] 2016:32, Figs. 7-9 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 19; ref. 34238] Waru Waruwuntun, Lembata Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, 08°16.398'S, 123°32.746'E, depth 18-22 meters. Holotype: MZB 22244. Paratypes: WAM. •Valid as Paracheilinus alfiani Allen, Erdmann & Yusmalinda 2016 -- (Parenti & Randall 2018:19 [ref. 35964]). Current status: Valid as Paracheilinus alfiani Allen, Erdmann & Yusmalinda 2016. Labridae. Distribution: Lembata Island, Lesser Sunda group, Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

alius, Tautoga niger var. Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:24 [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. No types known. Also in Mitchill 1815:402 [ref. 13292] as Labrus tautoga alia. •Synonym of Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1986:436 [ref. 22186], Parenti & Randall 2000:43 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

alleni, Dotalabrus Russell [B. C.] 1988:10, Figs. 2,12-13,15-18,23; Pl. 1(c-d) [Records of the Australian Museum Suppl. 9; ref. 12549] Off Carnac Island, Cockburn Sound, 36°16'S, 115°40'E, Western Australia, depth 8 meters. Holotype: WAM P.25252-006. Paratypes: AMS I.19602-036 (3), I.19628-009 (1), I.20219-006 (2), I.20220-001 (2), I.20236-005 (1); BPBM 22586 (2); BMNH 1979.4.10.2-3 (2); NMV A547 (2); USNM 219625 (2); WAM P.25195-004 (2), P.25251-018 (6). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:33 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:36 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Dotalabrus alleni Russell 1988 -- (Gomon et al. 1994:684 [ref. 22532], Parenti & Randall 2000:17 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1388 [ref. 29095], Russell & Gomon 2008:646 [ref. 30655], Kuiter 2010:246 [ref. 35285], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Dotalabrus alleni Russell 1988. Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

alleni, Labropsis Randall [J. E.] 1981:131, Pl. 1 (fig. A) [Micronesica v. 17 (no. 1-2); ref. 5493] Base of drop-off, southwestern side of Augulpelu Reef, Palau Islands, depth 170 feet. Holotype: BPBM 9534. Paratypes: AMS I.17487-019 (1), I.21588-001 (1); BMNH 1980.7.23.4 (1); BPBM 10046 (1), 15807 (1), 18455 (1), 19303 (1), 21110 (1), 22071 (1); CAS 46536 (1); USNM 208289 (1), 222102 (1); WAM P.26906-001 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:33 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:37 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Labropsis alleni Randall 1981 -- (Allen 1997:184 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:204 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:27 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Kuiter 2010:363 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:696 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:135 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:233 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Labropsis alleni Randall 1981. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Indonesia east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to Philippines, south to New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Habitat: marine.

alternans, Platyglossus Cartier [O.] 1874:104 [Verhandlungen der Physikalisch-medizinischen Gesellschaft zu Würzburg, N. S. v. 5; ref. 17974] Cebu and Panglao, Philippines. Syntypes: (2) whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Halichoeres scapularis (Bennett 1832) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:24 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres scapularis (Bennett 1832). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

alternans, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:200 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Martinique Island, West Indies. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2468-69 (1, 1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:291 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

altipinnis, Pseudoscarus Steindachner [F.] 1879:18 [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 41; ref. 4228] Gilbert Islands [Kingsmill Islands] and Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: (several) NMW 77760 (2). Species not included in earlier abstract [ref. 20480]. Originally described as "Scarus (Pseudoscarus) janthochir Blkr. var. (an Pseudoscarus altipinnis n. sp.?)". •Valid as Scarus altipinnis (Steindachner 1879) -- (Choat & Randall 1986:198 [ref. 8099], Randall et al. 1990:345 [ref. 15987], Senou & Morita 1993:4 [ref. 24328], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Allen 1997:202 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:345 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:210 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:23 [ref. 25829], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Nakabo 2000:1024 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:377 [ref. 25191], Bellwood 2001:3481 [ref. 26278], Nakabo 2002:1024 [ref. 26193], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:452 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1430 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:737 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2019:243 [ref. 36673], Sandra et al. 2022:[8] [ref. 39181]). Current status: Valid as Scarus altipinnis (Steindachner 1879). Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines and Papua New Guinea east to Marshall and Pitcairn islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland (Australia). Record from Lakshadweep (India) needs verification. Habitat: marine.

altipinnis, Xyrichthys Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1835:22, Pl. 7 (fig. 1) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF (lost). Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Synonym of Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Dor 1984:206 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:32 [ref. 24943], Golani & Fricke 2018:127 [ref. 36273], Randall & Victor 2022:229 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

alvheimi, Novaculops Randall [J. E.] 2013:20, Fig. 15 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 7; ref. 32688] Southeast of St. Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos), 17°16'30.6"S, 58°40'28.2"E, depth 58-59 meters. Holotype: SAIAB 83942. Paratypes: SAIAB 83953 (1). •Valid as Novaculops alvheimi Randall 2013 -- (Parenti & Randall 2018:19 [ref. 35964], Fukui 2020:562 [ref. 37325], Randall & Victor 2022:230 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Novaculops alvheimi Randall 2013. Labridae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos). Habitat: marine.

amabilis, Platyglossus De Vis [C. W.] 1885:885 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 4); ref. 1091] Murray Island, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.88. •Synonym of Halichoeres nigrescens (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:23 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1393 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres nigrescens (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

amanda, Paracheilinus Tea [Y.-K.] & Walsh [F.] 2023:Figs. [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 111 (no. 3); ref. 40496] Harrier Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Holotype. Paratypes: •Valid as Paracheilinus amanda Tea & Walsh 2023. Current status: Valid as Paracheilinus amanda Tea & Walsh 2023. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Flora, Holmes and Osprey Reefs, Coral Sea, off northeast Queensland, and Harrier Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Habitat: marine.

ambiguus, Choerodon Ogilby [J. D.] 1910:100 [On some new fishes from the Queensland coast; ref. 3289] Off Double Island Point, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: (13) AMS I.12535 (1). For remarks on types see Imamura & Hoese 2020:[8] [ref. 37793]. •Synonym of Choerodon venustus (De Vis 1884) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:11 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1381 [ref. 29095], Gomon 2017:38 [ref. 35547]). Current status: Synonym of Choerodon venustus (De Vis 1884). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

amblycephalus, Julis (Julis) Bleeker [P.] 1856:83 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 16856] Ora Malang, southeastern Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2), whereabouts unknown. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:434 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. The species epithet is treated as a noun in apposition. •Valid as Thalassoma amblycephalum (Bleeker 1856) -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:205 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:704 [ref. 5706], Allen & Swainston 1988:120 [ref. 25477], Paulin et al. 1989:207 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:56 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:336 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:287 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:194 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:302 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:336 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:201 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:433 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:745 [ref. 25471], Parenti & Randall 2000:44 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:989 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:369 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:17 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:114 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:269 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3461 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:989 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Bernardi et al. 2004:371 [ref. 27454], Myers & Donaldson 2003:636 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:353 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:438 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:446 [ref. 28379], Randall & Bartsch 2004:124 [ref. 28671], Allen et al. 2006:1413 [ref. 29095], Fricke et al. 2009:89 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:174 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:198 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:720 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:267 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:138 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:116 [ref. 36167], Koeda et al. 2016:78 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:293 [ref. 35805], Arndt & Fricke 2019:19 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:238 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:90 [ref. 36871], Rajan et al. 2021:9 [ref. 39508], Dewa et al. 2022:24 [ref. 40001], Fujiwara et al. 2022:91 [ref. 39094], Ji & Kim 2022:226 [ref. 39899], Randall & Victor 2022:256 [ref. 39916]). •Valid as Thalassoma amblycephalus (Bleeker 1856) -- (Allen 1995:76 [ref. 21960], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268]). Current status: Valid as Thalassoma amblycephalus (Bleeker 1856). Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrgues) east to Line Islands (Kiribati), Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to southern Korea, Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Australia, Lord Howe Island (Australia), northern New Zealand, Kermadec Islands and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

amboinensis, Anampses Bleeker [P.] 1857:80 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 2 (art. 7); ref. 356] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 6567. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1862.2.28.92 (1). Lectotype designation not researched, not designated here. •Synonym of Anampses meleagrides Valenciennes 1840 -- (Dor 1984:196 [ref. 29757], Randall 1986:686 [ref. 5706], Randall et al. 1990:296 [ref. 15987], Randall 1995:270 [ref. 22896], Parenti & Randall 2000:4 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:171 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Anampses meleagrides Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

amboinensis, Duymaeria Bleeker [P.] 1856:54 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1; ref. 311] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6545. •Valid as Pteragogus amboinensis (Bleeker 1856) -- (Allen 1997:192 [ref. 23977]). •Synonym of Pteragogus enneacanthus (Bleeker 1853) -- (Randall et al. 1990:333 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:293 [ref. 23929], Parenti & Randall 2000:38 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:435 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Pteragogus enneacanthus (Bleeker 1853). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

amboinensis, Julis (Halichoeres) Bleeker [P.] 1856:55 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1; ref. 311] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype: BMNH 1864.5.15.46. •Synonym of Halichoeres solorensis (Bleeker 1853) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:24 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres solorensis (Bleeker 1853). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

americanus, Labrus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:261 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] [New York, U.S.A.]. No types known. •Synonym of Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1986:436 [ref. 22186], Parenti & Randall 2000:43 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

amplus, Scarus Ranzani [C.] 1841:63 [Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali e rendiconto dei lavori dell'Accademia della Scienze dell'Instituto di Bologna con appendice agraria. Bologna Anno III, Tomo V; ref. 24074] Brazilian seas. Holotype (unique): MZUB 980. Also appeared in more detail in Ranzani 1842:324, Pl. 25 [ref. 18607]. •Synonym of Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:61 [ref. 24943]). •Valid as Sparisoma amplum (Ranzani 1841) -- (Moura et al. 2001:513 [ref. 25371], Feitoza et al. 2003:69 [ref. 26943], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:93 [ref. 27192], Vaske et al. 2005:78 [ref. 36155], Robertson et al. 2006:796 [ref. 31512], Pinheiro et al. 2010:64 [ref. 30844], Parenti & Randall 2011:38 [ref. 31299], Pinheiro et al. 2015:26 [ref. 34324], Spier et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36103], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:475 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:214 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Sparisoma amplum (Ranzani 1841). Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Maranhão to São Paulo (Brazil), including oceanic islands off Brazil and St. Paul's Rocks (Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago). Habitat: marine.

anchorago, Sparus Bloch [M. E.] 1791:108, Pl. 276 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 5; ref. 4867] "Received from the Holland auction" [Mediterranean in error]. Lectotype: ZMB 2476 (poor condition). Paralectotypes: ZMB (1, lost). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:92 [ref. 24282]. On p. 85 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 8 [ref. 21381]. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:92 [ref. 24282]. See Myers & Donaldson 2003:652 [ref. 27495]. •Valid as Choerodon anchorago (Bloch 1791) -- (Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:202 [ref. 6441], Randall et al. 1990:305 [ref. 15987], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:478 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:180 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:272 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:305 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:189 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:9 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:628 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:970 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:203 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:112 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:103 [ref. 26368], Nakabo 2002:970 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:48 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:147 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:21 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:399 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:434 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1377 [ref. 29095], Kuiter 2010:51 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:645 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:128 [ref. 33932], Motomura et al. 2017:182 [ref. 35490], Gomon 2017:7, 15 [ref. 35547], Fricke et al. 2019:225 [ref. 36673], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:8 [ref. 40448]). Current status: Valid as Choerodon anchorago (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to Yap (Caroline Islands), Palau and New Guinea, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

aneitensis, Julis Günther [A.] 1862:183 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Northeastern coast of Australia; Norfolk Island; New Hebrides. Syntypes: BMNH 1855.9.19.1041 (1) Norfolk Island, 1860.7.18.54 (1), 1861.5.31.55 (1, stuffed), 1862.1.6.2 (1, stuffed). •Synonym of Thalassoma lutescens (Lay & Bennett 1839) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:46 [ref. 24943], Myers & Donaldson 2003:636 [ref. 27495], Mundy 2005:448 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1415 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:344 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma lutescens (Lay & Bennett 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aneitensis, Novacula Günther [A.] 1862:176 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Aneiteum Island, Vanuatu, southwestern Pacific. Syntypes: BMNH 1860.7.18.18 (1), 1861.5.31.62 (1). •Valid as Xyrichtys aneitensis (Günther 1862) -- (Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:211 [ref. 6441], Shen & Yeh 1987:64 [ref. 6419], Randall et al. 1990:340 [ref. 15987], Francis & Randall 1993:122 [ref. 20996], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:196 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:310 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:340 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:195 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268] as Xyrichthys a., Randall & Cornish 2000:21 [ref. 24435], Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1011 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:371 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:114 [ref. 25868], Westneat 2001:3403 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:1011 [ref. 26193], Kuiter 2010:379 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius aneitensis (Günther 1862) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:391, 392 [ref. 26445] misspelled anietensis on p. 391, Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:418 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:439 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1396 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:12 [ref. 29193], Randall 2007:349 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:168 [ref. 31256], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:689 [ref. 31980], Randall & Victor 2022:217 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius aneitensis (Günther 1862). Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Tanzania), Maldives and Chagos Archipelago east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

angulatus, Coris Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:96, 99, Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] No locality stated [possibly Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean]. Syntypes: MNHN B-2128 (2, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:25, 82 [ref. 19171]. Based on drawing in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist), by reference to the preceding Coris aygula though not explicitly stated. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:103, 107 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473]. •Synonym of Coris aygula Lacepède 1801 -- (Dor 1984:200 [ref. 29757], Randall 1986:691 [ref. 5706], Randall et al. 1990:312 [ref. 15987], Randall 1999:10 [ref. 24043], Fricke 1999:407 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:404 [ref. 28239], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:342 [ref. 28867], Randall 2007:332 [ref. 30952], Randall & Victor 2022:191 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Coris aygula Lacepède 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

angulatus, Paracheilinus Randall [J. E.] & Lubbock [R.] 1981:(21) 26, Pl. 2 (fig. D) [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 28 (no. 1); ref. 5544] Batangas, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype: BMNH 1979.1.3.3. Paratypes: BPBM 22526 (1). •Valid as Paracheilinus angulatus Randall & Lubbock 1981 -- (Randall 1988:222 [ref. 14253], Kuiter & Allen 1999:120 [ref. 24141], Randall 1999:31 [ref. 25148], Allen 2000:114 [ref. 25868], Parenti & Randall 2000:33 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Randall & Allen 2003:106 [ref. 27244], Allen & Erdmann 2006:13 [ref. 29404], Allen & Erdmann 2008:187 [ref. 29498], Kuiter 2010:111 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:705 [ref. 31980], Allen et al. 2013:199 [ref. 32955], Allen et al. 2016:37 [ref. 34238]). Current status: Valid as Paracheilinus angulatus Randall & Lubbock 1981. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

angustipes, Eupetrichthys Ramsay [E. P.] & Ogilby [J. D.] 1888:632 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (Series 2) v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 3597] Rose Bay, Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS I.1418 [? = AMS I.12082]. •Valid as Eupetrichthys angustipes Ramsay & Ogilby 1888 -- (Russell 1988:2 [ref. 12549], Russell 1988:42 [ref. 12549], Kuiter 1993:278 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:687 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:284 [ref. 25488], Parenti & Randall 2000:18 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1389 [ref. 29095], Russell & Gomon 2008:648 [ref. 30655], Kuiter 2010:243 [ref. 35285], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Eupetrichthys angustipes Ramsay & Ogilby 1888. Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: New South Wales to southern Australia and to Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

annularis, Julis Valenciennes [A.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:482 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 2201. Paralectotypes: RMNH 24048 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:76 [ref. 19171]. Lectotype selected by Bauchot 1963:76 [ref. 19171]. •Valid as Platyglossus annularis (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Kuiter 2010:270 [ref. 35285]). •Synonym of Halichoeres marginatus Rüppell 1835 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:22 [ref. 24943]). •Valid as Halichoeres annularis (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Fricke et al. 2011: 417 [ref. 31242], Parenti & Randall 2018:23 [ref. 35964]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres annularis (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Myanmar, Christmas Island (Australia) and Indonesia east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

annulatus, Halichoeres Fowler [H. W.] 1904:535, Pl. 20 (upper fig.) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 1367] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype: ANSP 27713. Paratypes: ANSP 27714 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:116 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Halichoeres miniatus (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:22 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres miniatus (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

annulatus, Julis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:501, Pl. 388 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Mauritius; Seychelles. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Hologymnosus by Labrus annulatus Lacepède 1801. •Synonym of Hologymnosus doliatus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:26 [ref. 24943]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Hologymnosus doliatus (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

annulatus, Labrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:455, 526, Pl. 28 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN B-2137 (2, dry) Mauritius, 1987-0943 (1, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:46-47, 79-80 [ref. 19171]. Based on description and illustration in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). •Valid as Hologymnosus annulatus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:210 [ref. 6441], Shen et al. 1986:71 [ref. 13818], Allen & Swainston 1988:118 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:54 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:323 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:302 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:54 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:483 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:192 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:323 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:200 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:420 [ref. 24106], Randall 1999:21 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:26 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1001 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:113 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:269 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3440 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:1001 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:636 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:22 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:265 [ref. 28072], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:346 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:417 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1395 [ref. 29095], Fricke et al. 2009:86 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:167 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:330 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:687 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:266 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:134 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2018:286 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:126 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:90 [ref. 36871], Randall & Victor 2022:214 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Hologymnosus annulatus (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Pitcairn, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

anonymus, Sparus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Schöpf) 1792:297 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated [Rhode Island, New York, U.S.A.]. Based on 'Sparus' in Schöpf 1788:154 [ref. 18700]. •Synonym of Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2011:40 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Synonym of Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

anthioides, Crenilabrus Bennett [E. T.] 1832:167 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 4944] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (?): BMNH 1978.10.10.2 (stuffed). •Valid as Bodianus anthioides (Bennett 1832) -- (Dor 1984:196 [ref. 29757], Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:203 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:687 [ref. 5706], Winterbottom et al. 1989:51 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:298 [ref. 15987], Goren & Dor 1994:53 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:180 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:298 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:188 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:394 [ref. 24106], Randall 1999:21 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:90 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:627 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:973 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:350 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3400 [ref. 26277] dated 1830, Nakabo 2002:973 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:47 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:633 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:73 [ref. 27576] dated 1831, Randall et al. 2004:21 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3325 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:338 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:391 [ref. 28239], Gomon 2006:71 [ref. 28730], Allen et al. 2006:1373 [ref. 29095], Fricke et al. 2009:83 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:160 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:41 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:635 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:265 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:126 [ref. 33932], Santini et al. 2016:3 [ref. 39174] as anthoides, Fricke et al. 2018:277 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:122 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:223 [ref. 36673], Randall & Victor 2022:174 [ref. 39916], Sato et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40949]). Current status: Valid as Bodianus anthioides (Bennett 1832). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Mozambique Channel, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Wake Atoll, Marshall Islands and Henderson Island (Pitcairn Group), north to southern Japan, south to Australia, New Caledonia and Austral Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

aper, Labrus Valenciennes [A.] 1846:no p., Pl. 8 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate "la Vénus"; ref. 6165] Galápagos Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8197 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:80 [ref. 19171]. Dates to publication in plate; corresponding text published as Valenciennes 1855:338 [ref. 4504]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Labrus aper Retzius 1800. •Synonym of Semicossyphus darwini (Jenyns 1842) -- (Gomon 1997:825 [ref. 23083], Parenti & Randall 2000:38 [ref. 24943], Baldwin & McCosker 2001:92 [ref. 25779]). •Synonym of Bodianus darwini (Jenyns 1842). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Bodianus darwini (Jenyns 1842). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aper, Labrus Retzius [A. J.] 1800:335 [Faunae Suecicae a Carolo A Linné; ref. 18622] Mari Occidental. No types known. Based in part on Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767 (misspelled berggalt by Retzius). •Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascarius 1767. Current status: Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

apridentatus, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:14, Pl. 44 (fig. F) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] Malindi, Kenya, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): type destroyed, based on illustration. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:283 [ref. 39936]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

apterygia, Conniella Allen [G. R.] 1983:44, Figs. 1-2 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 5355] Rowley Shoals, outer reef slope east of Bedwell Island, Clerke Reef, Western Australia, about 17°16'S, 119°22'E, depth 32 meters. Holotype: WAM P.27659-006. Paratypes: WAM P.27668-003 (1), P.27668-015 (1 c&s). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:33 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:36 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Conniella apterygia Allen 1983 -- (Allen 1997:182 [ref. 23977], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Randall & Pyle 2001:95 [ref. 25300], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1384 [ref. 29095], Kuiter 2010:154 [ref. 35285], Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271]). •Valid as Cirrhilabrus apterygia (Allen 1983) -- (Tea et al. 2021:495 [ref. 38732], Tea et al. 2022:75 [ref. 39072]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus apterygia (Allen 1983). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: northwestern Western Australia (Australia). Habitat: marine.

aquamarinus, Cirrhilabrus Tea [Y.-K.], Allen [G. R.] & Dailami [M.] 2021:Figs. [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 109 (no. 3); ref. 38573] Holotype. Paratypes: (8) •Valid as Cirrhilabrus aquamarinus Tea, Allen & Dailami 2021. Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus aquamarinus Tea, Allen & Dailami 2021. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Sulawesi, Banggai and Wakatobi Islands, Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

aquilolo, Macropharyngodon Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:46, Fig. 1 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 14757] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: CAS-SU 6130. Paratypes: CAS-SU 23323 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:86 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Macropharyngodon geoffroy (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:30 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:442 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:340 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Macropharyngodon geoffroy (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

arabicus, Pseudoscarus Steindachner [F.] 1902:318 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 39 (no. 24) (art. 76); ref. 14894] Makalla, south-central coast of Arabia. Holotype (unique): NMW 72746. Described in more detail in Steindachner 1903:152 [ref. 15046]. •Valid as Scarus arabicus (Steindachner 1902) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:9 [ref. 5412], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Randall 1995:295 [ref. 22896], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Psomadakis et al. 2015:299 [ref. 34104], Zajonz et al. 2019:91 [ref. 36871], Randall 2022:278 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:220 [ref. 40522], Zajonz et al. 2023:308 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus arabicus (Steindachner 1902). Labridae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden (Yemen), Socotra (Yemen) and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan. Habitat: marine.

arabicus, Trichopus Shaw [G.] 1803:390 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea. Based in part on Scarus gallus Forsskål 1775. •Synonym of Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Dor 1984:209 [ref. 29757] with question, Parenti & Randall 2000:46 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:259 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aracanga, Scarus Günther [A.] 1862:209 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Jamaica. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1933.2.20.1. •Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

arago, Labrus Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:263, Pl. 65 (fig. 2) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Iles des Papous [? Papua New Guinea]. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:93 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Novaculichthys macrolepidotus (Bloch 1791) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:31 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Novaculoides macrolepidotus (Bloch 1791) -- (Randall & Earle 2004:40 [ref. 27618], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Synonym of Novaculoides macrolepidotus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aran, Julis Montrouzier [X.] 1857:474 [196] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 196 of reprint. •Synonym of Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:47 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

arangoi, Choerojulis Poey [F.] 1876:151 [109], Pl. 7 [4] (fig. 1) [Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Madrid v. 5 (for 5 Apr. 1876); ref. 3510] Havana, Cuba. No types known. On p. 109 of separate. •Synonym of Halichoeres bivittatus (Bloch 1791) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres bivittatus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

arcuatus, Crenilabrus Risso [A.] 1827:328, Pl. 16 (fig. 49) [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:36 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Symphodus roissali (Risso 1810) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:440 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:42 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus roissali (Risso 1810). Labridae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

arcuatus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:276 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Thailand. No types known. •Synonym of Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:217 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

arenatus, Cheilinus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:101, Pl. 397 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN A-8284 (1, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:13 [ref. 19171]. •Valid as Cheilinus arenatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Dor 1984:197 [ref. 29757], Winterbottom et al. 1989:52 [ref. 13251], Goren & Dor 1994:53 [ref. 25356], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:103 [ref. 26368], Kuiter 2010:183 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Oxycheilinus arenatus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Anderson et al. 1998:26 [ref. 23611], Myers 1999:192 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:426 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:32 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3448 [ref. 26277], Randall et al. 2002:159 [ref. 26192], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Randall & Khalaf 2003:138 [ref. 26684], Randall et al. 2003:361 [ref. 27177], Myers & Donaldson 2003:634 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:22 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:426 [ref. 28239], Shao et al. 2008:258 [ref. 29952], Fricke et al. 2009:88 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:702 [ref. 31980], Fukui et al. 2016:[1] [ref. 35080], Fricke et al. 2018:289 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:127 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:235 [ref. 36673], Dewa et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38442], Murugan et al. 2022:136 [ref. 39381], Randall & Victor 2022:231 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Oxycheilinus arenatus (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan). Habitat: marine.

argentata, Julis giofredi var. Risso [A.] 1827:310 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Corresponds to 'Variety I' characterized but not named on p. 310; subsequent use of name argentata not investigated, perhaps never named. •Synonym of Coris julis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Ramírez-Amaro et al. 2021:15 [ref. 38684]). Current status: Synonym of Coris julis (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

argenteostriata, Coris Steindachner [F.] 1900:176 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 37 (no. 16) (for 21 June 1900); ref. 20498] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): UMB 159 [RK UMB 4652]. Type catalog: Wahlert 1955:325 [ref. 21527]. Species originally as argenteo-striata, later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1900:507 Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [ref. 14892]; on p. 25 of separate. •Synonym of Coris ballieui Vaillant & Sauvage 1875 -- (Randall 1976:5 [ref. 22257], Randall 1999:14 [ref. 24043], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:436 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Coris ballieui Vaillant & Sauvage 1875. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

argenteostriatus, Crenilabrus Nordmann [A. von] 1840:461, Pl. 18 (fig. 4) [Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée; ref. 3209] Sebastopol, Crimea, Ukraine (Black Sea). •Synonym of Symphodus ocellatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:439 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:42 [ref. 24943], Parin 2003:S18 [ref. 28536]). •Synonym of Crenilabrus ocellatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parin et al. 2014:379 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Symphodus ocellatus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus ocellatus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

argentimaculata, Xyrichthys Steindachner [F.] 1861:134 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 11; ref. 18747] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Syntypes: NMW 28509-10 (2). Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Synonym of Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Randall 1986:706 [ref. 5706], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:881 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

argus, Julis Bennett [E. T.] 1828:577, Pl. 13 (fig. 7) [Zoological Journal, London v. 3 (no. 12, art. 65); ref. 16784] Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.12.26.588 [ex Zool. Soc.]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Halichoeres by Labrus argus Bloch & Schneider 1801. •Synonym of Halichoeres argus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:19 [ref. 24943]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres argus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

argus, Labrus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:263 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Australia [as New Holland]. •Valid as Hemiulis argus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Kuiter 2010:260 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres argus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:208 [ref. 6441], Allen 1997:190 [ref. 23977], Parenti & Randall 2000:19 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:628 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:995 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:112 [ref. 25868], Westneat 2001:3401 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:995 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830] dated 1791, Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:148 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:22 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:410 [ref. 28239], Barber & Bellwood 2005:249 [ref. 35318], Allen et al. 2006:1390 [ref. 29095], Satapoomin 2009:221 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:165 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:667 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:130 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:228 [ref. 36673], Psomadakis et al. 2020:525 [ref. 37272], Motomura in Motomura et al. 2021:53 [ref. 38121], Randall & Victor 2022:201 [ref. 39916], Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres argus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Lakshadweep (India), Sri Lanka, Myanmar and eastern Andaman Sea east to Fiji, north to Taiwan, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

argyreogaster, Pseudojulis Günther [A.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:95, Pl. 12 (fig. 2) [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1867.3.7.512-514 (3). •Valid as Pseudojuloides argyreogaster (Günther 1867) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:36 [ref. 24943], Tea et al. 2020:567 [ref. 37843], Randall & Victor 2022:243 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Pseudojuloides argyreogaster (Günther 1867). Labridae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa (Tanzania), Seychelles and Comoros. Habitat: marine.

arilca, Labrus Richardson [J.] 1848:131, Pl. 55 (figs. 5-7) [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Bramble Island, Endeavour Straits, Queensland, Australia. Unexplained name mentioned under Lachnolaimus, vel Cossyphus cyanodus in association with figure information; not available. •In the synonymy of Choerodon cyanodus (Richardson 1843) -- (Allen et al. 2006:1378 [ref. 29095], Gomon 2017:23 [ref. 35547]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Choerodon cyanodus (Richardson 1843). Labridae.

arquatus, Suezichthys Russell [B. C.] 1985:15, Pl. 3 (figs A-B); Figs. 1, 6c, 7b [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 2; ref. 5235] Nursery Cove (35°28'S, 174°44'E), Poor Knights Islands, New Zealand, depth 13 meters. Holotype: NMNZ P.6158. Paratypes: AMS I.17273-001 (1), I.17400-003 (1), I.18406-001 (2), I.18407-001 (1), I.18408-001 (1), I.18773-002 (1), I.19731-006 (1); BMNH 1975.7.1.1-2 (2); BPBM 19588 (3); NMNZ P.6158-61 (1, 1, 1, 2). Type catalog: Hardy 1990:11 [ref. 18942]. •Valid as Suezichthys arquatus Russell 1985 -- (Paulin et al. 1989:208 [ref. 24556], Kuiter 1993:278 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Kuiter 1997:286 [ref. 25488], Parenti & Randall 2000:40 [ref. 24943], Nakabo 2000:983 [ref. 25182], Westneat 2001:3403 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:983 [ref. 26193], Randall 2005:437 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1412 [ref. 29095], Kuiter 2010:248 [ref. 35285], Russell & Westneat 2013:91 [ref. 32655], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:116 [ref. 36167]). Current status: Valid as Suezichthys arquatus Russell 1985. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

ascanii, Labrus Shaw [G.] 1803:512 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Northern Seas. Unneeded new name for Labrus rone Ascanius 1771. •Synonym of Symphodus melops (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:42 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus melops (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

ascensionis, Julis Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1834:706, Pl. 20 (fig. 5) [Voyage de découvertes de "l'Astrolabe" Zoologie, v. 3 (Pt 2); ref. 3573] Ascension Island. Holotype: MNHN A-9199. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:48 [ref. 19171]. •Valid as Thalassoma ascensionis (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) -- (Gomon & Forsyth 1990:878 [ref. 19219], Afonso et al. 1999:85 [ref. 25466], Parenti & Randall 2000:44 [ref. 24943], Bernardi et al. 2004:372 [ref. 27454], Costagliola et al. 2003:379 [ref. 27455], Kuiter 2010:200 [ref. 35285], Westneat in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2742 [ref. 34618], Brown et al. 2019:185 [ref. 36444]). Current status: Valid as Thalassoma ascensionis (Quoy & Gaimard 1834). Labridae. Distribution: Southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island endemic. Saint Helena Island record is doubtful [ref. 36444]. Habitat: marine.

asellinus, Labroides Richardson [J.] 1843:426 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 11 (no. 72) (art. 59); ref. 20903] Name only, not available -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:64 [ref. 24943]). Nomen Nudum. Labridae.

asperus, Cheilinus Kittlitz [F. H.] 1858:113 [Denkwürdigkeiten einer Reise nach dem russischen Amerika, nach Mikronesien und durch Kamschatka; ref. 18421] Mentioned by Fowler (1928:359) under Cheilinus bimaculatus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:64 [ref. 24943] as aspersus). Nomen Nudum. Labridae.

ataenia, Pseudocheilinops Schultz [L. P.] in Schultz et al. 1960:129, Fig. 94 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 2; ref. 3972] Talisse Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype: USNM 135555. Paratypes: USNM 153394 (2), 153396-97 (2, 1). •Valid as Pseudocheilinops ataenia Schultz 1960 -- (Allen 1997:182 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:193 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:35 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3453 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:155 [ref. 27510], Kuiter 2010:157 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:710 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:137 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:236 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocheilinops ataenia Schultz 1960. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Palau, New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

atavai, Pseudojuloides Randall [J. E.] & Randall [H. A.] 1981:58, Figs. 4-5 [Pacific Science v. 35 (no. 1); ref. 5494] Off West harbor, Pitcairn Island, depth 23 meters. Holotype: BPBM 16902. Paratypes: AMS I.21716-001 (1), I.21717-001 (1); BMNH 1980.9.17.3 (1); BPBM 6913 (2), 9088 (2), 12955 (1), 13527 (1), 13696 (1); CAS 46961 (1); MNHN 1979-0670 (1); USNM 222675-76 (1, 1). •Valid as Pseudojuloides atavai Randall & Randall 1981 -- (Senou et al. 1997:4 [ref. 24368], Myers 1999:201 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:22 [ref. 25829], Parenti & Randall 2000:36 [ref. 24943], Nakabo 2000:988 [ref. 25182], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:988 [ref. 26193], Myers & Donaldson 2003:636 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:74 [ref. 27576], Randall 2005:433 [ref. 28239], Kuiter 2010:337 [ref. 35285], Victor & Edward 2015:48 [ref. 33835], Victor & Edward 2016:66 [ref. 34490], Tea et al. 2020:681 [ref. 37948]). Current status: Valid as Pseudojuloides atavai Randall & Randall 1981. Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Oceania, Pacific. Habitat: marine.

atlantica, Coris Günther [A.] 1862:197 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Sierra Leone. Syntypes: BMNH 1851.2.14.14 (1), BMNH 1855.12.26.408-410 (3). •Synonym of Coris julis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:432 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:872 [ref. 19219]). •Valid as Julis atlantica (Günther 1862) -- (Kuiter 2010:311 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Coris atlantica Günther 1862 -- (Afonso et al. 1999:77 [ref. 25466], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Guillemaud et al. 2000:929 [ref. 24996], Wirtz et al. 2007:37 [ref. 30263], Wirtz et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32972], Westneat in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2742 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:243 [ref. 38139], Baptista et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38204], Fermon et al. 2022:289 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Coris atlantica Günther 1862. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to central Angola, including Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

atomarius, Scarus Poey [F.] 1861:423 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. No types known. •Valid as Sparisoma atomarium (Poey 1861) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:210 [ref. 23100], Dennis & Bright 1988:9 [ref. 39782], Bellwood 1994:65 [ref. 19116], Cervigón 1994:43 [ref. 24488], Villamizar 1996:40 [ref. 23496], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:301 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Moura et al. 2001:519 [ref. 25371], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1646 [ref. 25634] as aff. atomarium, Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1726 [ref. 27105], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:539 [ref. 28815], Robertson et al. 2006:796 [ref. 31512], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:64 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:82 [ref. 38844], Carvalho-Filho 2023:215 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Sparisoma atomarium (Poey 1861). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina (U.S.A.) south to Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

atrilunula, Scarus Randall [J. E.] & Bruce [R. W.] 1983:(4) 9, Pl. 4 (figs. A-B) [Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology No. 47; ref. 5412] Shimoni, Kenya. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 7749. Paratypes: BMNH 1980.2.15.181 (1, only jaws and pharyngeal mill), BPBM 26456 (1), SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 7748 (2), USNM 226362 (1). •Valid as Scarus atrilunula Randall & Bruce 1983 -- (Randall 1986:711 [ref. 5706], Winterbottom et al. 1989:58 [ref. 13251]). •Valid as Chlorurus atrilunula (Randall & Bruce 1983) -- (Bellwood 1994:66 [ref. 19116], Parenti & Randall 2000:52 [ref. 24943], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:358 [ref. 28072], Fricke et al. 2018:296 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:270 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Chlorurus atrilunula (Randall & Bruce 1983). Labridae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya) east to Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

atrolumbus, Cossyphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:123 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN A-7397 (1), A-8262 [dry, primary spec.], A-8263 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:27 [ref. 19171] as holotype and paratypes. •Synonym of Bodianus perditio (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) -- (Fricke 1999:400 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:6 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:87 [ref. 28730]). •Valid as Bodianus atrolumbus (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Kuiter 2010:36 [ref. 35285], Randall & Victor 2013:46 [ref. 35087], Parenti & Randall 2018:12 [ref. 35964], Randall & Victor 2022:174 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Bodianus atrolumbus (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) north to southern Mozambique, east to Walters Shoals, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues). Habitat: marine.

atropectoralis, Scarus Schultz [L. P.] 1958:79, Pl. 15 (fig. A) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 214; ref. 3970] Buka Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype: USNM 147217. Paratypes: USNM 157321 (1). •Valid as Scarus atropectoralis Schultz 1958 -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:219 [ref. 6441], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Liao et al. 2004:531 [ref. 28045]). •Synonym of Scarus xanthopleura Bleeker 1853 -- (Randall 1997:49 [ref. 22932], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:462 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1434 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus xanthopleura Bleeker 1853. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

atrorubens, Lepidaplois Jordan [E. K.] 1925:23, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 66 (no. 2570); ref. 2544] Honolulu market, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 87421. Paratypes: CAS-SU 13407-08 (1, 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:86 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Gomon & Randall 1978:34 [ref. 5481], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède 1801) subspecies albotaeniatus (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Mundy 2005:432 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Bodianus albotaeniatus (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Gomon 2006:74 [ref. 28730], Parenti & Randall 2011:30 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus albotaeniatus (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

attenuatus, Paracheilinus Randall [J. E.] 1999:34, Figs. 2-6 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 25148] North side of Amirante Islands, St. François Atoll, Seychelles, 7°05'N, 52°44'E, depth 28 meters. Holotype: BPBM 35614. Paratypes: BMNH 1998.11.19.1 (1); BPBM 35506 (1), 35612 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 59390 (1); USNM 352065 (1). •Valid as Paracheilinus attenuatus Randall 1999 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:33 [ref. 24943], Randall & Allen 2003:105 [ref. 27244], Allen & Erdmann 2006:13 [ref. 29404], Allen & Erdmann 2008:187 [ref. 29498], Kuiter 2010:118 [ref. 35285], Allen et al. 2016:39 [ref. 34238], Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271], Randall & Victor 2022:234 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Paracheilinus attenuatus Randall 1999. Labridae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa (Kenya) and Seychelles. Habitat: marine.

augustinus, Pseudoscarus Kossmann [R.] & Räuber [H.] 1877:409 [Verhandlungen des Naturhistorisch-Medizinischen Vereins zu Heidelberg. v. 1; ref. 18432] Red Sea. Holotype (unique): Apparently lost. Also appeared in Kossmann & Räuber 1877:27 [ref. 14246]. •Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:16 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:214 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273], Randall 2022:280 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aurantiacus, Cheilinus Castelnau [F. L.] 1872:245 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] Adelaide, St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia. Lectotype: MNHN A-9059. Paralectotypes: SAMA F1349 (3). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:14 [ref. 19171] as "holotype", Glover 1976:173 [ref. 19449] states "an indeterminate number of specimens...; the 3 specimens found are labelled being either 'types or co-types'". Lectotype established by Bauchot 1963:14 [ref. 19171] (Art. 74.6 of the Code) or else by Russell 1988:10 [ref. 12549]. •Valid as Dotalabrus aurantiacus (Castelnau 1872) -- (Russell 1988:8 [ref. 12549], Kuiter 1993:277 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:685 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:284 [ref. 25488], Parenti & Randall 2000:18 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1388 [ref. 29095], Russell & Gomon 2008:647 [ref. 30655], Kuiter 2010:245 [ref. 35285], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Dotalabrus aurantiacus (Castelnau 1872). Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: Port Philip Bay (Victoria, Australia) and northern Tasmania west to Rottnest Island (Western Australia). IUCN (2010): Least concern. Habitat: marine.

aurantiacus, Crenilabrus Cocco [A.] 1885:231 [Naturalista Siciliano [Il Naturalista Siciliano, Giornale di scienze naturali] v. 4; ref. 4874] Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Symphodus ocellatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:42 [ref. 24943]). •Questionably a synonym of Symphodus ocellatus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus ocellatus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

aurantiacus, Crenilabrus Facciolà [L.] 1888:22 [Naturalista Siciliano [Il Naturalista Siciliano, Giornale di scienze naturali] v. 8; ref. 19709] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. On p. 1 of separate. Apparently not the same as, and preoccupied by Crenilabrus aurantiacus Cocco 1885, but perhaps should be considered a misidentification. •Synonym of Lappanella fasciata (Cocco 1833) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:29 [ref. 24943]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Lappanella fasciata (Cocco 1833). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aurantidorsalis, Cirrhilabrus Allen [G. R.] & Kuiter [R. H.] 1999:134, Figs. 1-3 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 24289] Southeastern side of Batudaka Island, Togean Islands, Tomini Bay, Indonesia, 0°31'49"S, 121°51'62"E, depth 15 meters. Holotype (unique): NCIP 6166. •Valid as Cirrhilabrus aurantidorsalis Allen & Kuiter 1999 -- (Allen & Kuiter 1999:136 [ref. 24289], Parenti & Randall 2000:11 [ref. 24943], Allen 2000:46 [ref. 25747], Westneat 2001:3400 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:48 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2008:131 [ref. 29752], Kuiter 2010:128 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:650 [ref. 31980], Allen et al. 2015:3 [ref. 33787]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus aurantidorsalis Allen & Kuiter 1999. Labridae. Distribution: Togean Islands and adjacent western Sumatra, Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

aurantiofasciatus, Pseudocoris Fourmanoir [P.] 1971:130, Fig. 2 [Cahiers du Pacifique No. 15; ref. 7672] Rangiroa, Tuamotu Archipelago, depth 4 meters. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1970-0032. Pseudocoris is feminine. •Valid as Pseudocoris aurantiofasciata Fourmanoir 1971 [sometimes as aurantiofasciatus] -- (Allen 1997:196 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:200 [ref. 23965], Nakabo 2000:999 [ref. 25182], Parenti & Randall 2000:35 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277] as aurantifasciata, Nakabo 2002:999 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830] as aurantiofasciata, Lobel & Lobel 2004:74 [ref. 27576] as aurantiofasciata, Randall 2005:431 [ref. 28239] as aurantiofasciata, Randall & Walsh 2008:47 [ref. 29659] as aurantiofasciata, Shao et al. 2008:258 [ref. 29952], Kuiter 2010:325 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:712 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:137 [ref. 33932], Randall et al. 2015:6, 41 [ref. 33896]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocoris aurantiofasciata Fourmanoir 1971. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean: Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands, Tuamotu, north to Palau and Japan, Philippines and south to Papua New Guinea, Cook Islands to Line Islands. Habitat: marine.

auratus, Cheilio Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1802:432, 433 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: MNHN B-2132 (dry, poor condition). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:19 [ref. 19171]. Based on description in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist), with an underlying specimen. •Synonym of Cheilio inermis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:199 [ref. 29757], Fricke 1999:404 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:9 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:434 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1377 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:323 [ref. 30952], Randall & Victor 2022:185 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilio inermis (Forsskål 1775). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aureomaculatus, Labrus Bennett [J. W.] 1830:unnum. p., Pl. 20 [A selection from the most remarkable and interesting fishes found on the coast of Ceylon First Edition; ref. 16785] South coast of Sri Lanka. No types known. Spelled aureo-maculatus originally. •Synonym of Coris aygula Lacepède 1801 -- (Pethiyagoda et al. 1994:43 [ref. 21456], Randall 1999:10 [ref. 24043], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:191 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Coris aygula Lacepède 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aureoruber, Sparus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:56, 163 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Martinique Island, West Indies. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Daget 1972:86 [ref. 20898]. Spelled aureo-ruber on p. 163. •Synonym of Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:61 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre 1788). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aureus, Epibulus Bleeker [P.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) 1862-63:75 [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises v. 1; ref. 4858] Not available, name mentioned in passing in the synonymy of Epibulus insidiator as "Epibulus aureus K. v. H. icon. inedit. (var. flava)." •In the synonymy of Epibulus insidiator (Pallas 1770) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:64 [ref. 24943]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Epibulus insidiator (Pallas 1770). Labridae.

auricularis, Julis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:489 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] King George Sound, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9286. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:48 [ref. 19171]. •Valid as Coris auricularis (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Gomon et al. 1994:683 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:298 [ref. 25488], Randall 1999:9 [ref. 24043], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1384 [ref. 29095], Russell & Gomon 2008:645 [ref. 30655], Kuiter 2010:318 [ref. 35285], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626], Fricke & Durville 2021:35 [ref. 38902]). Current status: Valid as Coris auricularis (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

aurifer, Cossyphus De Vis [C. W.] 1884:146 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 17384] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.3094 (skin). •Synonym of Bodianus perditio (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:6 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:87 [ref. 28730], Allen et al. 2006:1375 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus perditio (Quoy & Gaimard 1834). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aurigarius, Ctenolabrus Richardson [J.] 1845:90, Pl. 45 (figs. 1-2) [Ichthyology.--Part 2. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur; ref. 20574] China seas near Canton, China. Syntypes: BMNH 1851.12.27.170 (2, dry). Type information: Whitehead 1970:216 [ref. 11606]. •Valid as Pteragogus aurigarius (Richardson 1845) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:38 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:981 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:981 [ref. 26193], Kuiter 2010:160 [ref. 35285], Kim et al. 2020:151 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:87 [ref. 37637], Iino & Motomura 2022:39 [ref. 39096], Iino & Motomura 2022:[7] [ref. 39300]). Current status: Valid as Pteragogus aurigarius (Richardson 1845). Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: northern East China Sea to Korea, Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), including southern Sea of Japan. Habitat: marine.

aurilineata, Coris Randall [J. E.] & Kuiter [R. H.] 1982:164, Pl. 1 (fig. 1B-C); Fig. 2 [Pacific Science v. 36 (no. 2); ref. 5446] Keppel Island, 23°08'S, 150°56'E, Queensland, Australia, depth 7 meters. Holotype: NMV A.1831. Paratypes: AMS I.18658-001 (1), I.22498-001 (2); BPBM 9409 (2), 19592 (1); CAS 48547 (1); MNHN 1981-1049 (1); NMV A1832-33 (1, 1); USNM 228464 (1). •Valid as Corichoeres aurilineatus Randall & Kuiter 1982 -- (Kuiter 2010:293 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Coris aurilineata Randall & Kuiter 1982 -- (Randall et al. 1990:311 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:298 [ref. 23929], Kuiter 1997:300 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:311 [ref. 25919], Randall 1999:10 [ref. 24043], Johnson 1999:744 [ref. 25471], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:355 [ref. 25191], Westneat 2001:3401 [ref. 26277], Allen et al. 2006:1384 [ref. 29095], Fricke & Durville 2021:32 [ref. 38902], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:8 [ref. 40448]). Current status: Valid as Coris aurilineata Randall & Kuiter 1982. Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: eastern Australia. Habitat: marine.

auritus, Julis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:486 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Uléa, Caroline Islands, western Pacific, ca. 7°22'N, 143°54'E. No types preserved. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:73 [ref. 19171]. Based on a drawing by Mertens (Franz Karl Mertens, 1764-1831, German botanist). •Synonym of Halichoeres trimaculatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:25 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres trimaculatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1834). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

auritus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:218 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Java, Indonesia. •Synonym of Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Bruce & Randall 1985:24 [ref. 5234], Choat & Randall 1986:194 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:54 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:297 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Synonym of Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aurofrenatus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:191 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Santa Domingo. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1770 (2), ?0000-1769 (4) Haiti. Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:291 [ref. 20736]. •Valid as Sparisoma aurofrenatum (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:210 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:157 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:395 [ref. 23827], Bellwood 1994:65 [ref. 19116], Cervigón 1994:45 [ref. 24488], Aguilera 1998:52 [ref. 24221] as aorofrenatum, Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:301 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1735 [ref. 27105], Smith et al. 2003:45 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:157 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:540 [ref. 28815], Robertson et al. 2006:796 [ref. 31512], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:64 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:82 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585]). Current status: Valid as Sparisoma aurofrenatum (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic [not including Brazil]. Habitat: marine.

auropinna, Labroides Saville-Kent [W.] 1893:308, Color Pl. 16 (fig. 9) [The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialities; ref. 13269] Lady Elliot Island, Queensland, Australia. No types known. •Incertae sedis in Labrinae -- (Allen et al. 2006:1418 [ref. 29095], Parenti & Randall 2011:39 [ref. 31299] as may not be a labrid). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

auropunctatus, Callyodon Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:290 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Santo Domingo. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-2192. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-2193 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:290 [ref. 20736] as holotype and paratype. Originally as auro-punctatus. Lectotype as larger specimen established by Guichenot 1860:60 [ref. 13946]. •Synonym of Nicholsina usta (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:54 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Nicholsina usta (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

auropunctatus, Iniistius Randall [J. E.], Earle [J. L.] & Robertson [D. R.] 2002:94, Figs. 1-4 [Cybium v. 26 (no. 2); ref. 26622] Ua Pou, bay on north side, west side of bay, Marquesas Islands, depth 16 meters. Holotype: BPBM 38681. Paratypes: AMS I.40875-001 (1); BPBM 9094 (1), 38904 (5); CAS 214225 (1); MNHN 2001-1184 (1); NSMT-P 61086 (1); ROM 72559 (1); USNM 365690 (1). •Valid as Iniistius auropunctatus Randall, Earle & Robertson 2002 -- (Randall 2005:418 [ref. 28239], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius auropunctatus Randall, Earle & Robertson 2002. Labridae. Distribution: Marquesas Islands. Habitat: marine.

aurulentus, Choerodon Gomon [M. F.] 2017:69, Fig. 34 [Memoirs of Museum Victoria v. 76; ref. 35547] Western South Pacific, New Zealand, Norfolk Ridge, 29°28.8'S, 168°10.6'E, depth 90 meters. Holotype: NSMT-P 122933. Paratypes: NSMT. •Valid as Choerodon aurulentus Gomon 2017 -- (Parenti & Randall 2018:14 [ref. 35964]). Current status: Valid as Choerodon aurulentus Gomon 2017. Labridae. Distribution: Norfolk Ridge, north-eastern Tasman Sea, South Pacific. Habitat: marine.

australianus, Scarus pyrrostethus Paradice [W. E. J.] in Paradice & Whitley 1927:103, Pl. 14 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 9 (pt 1); ref. 15810] Cape Wessel, Northern Territory, Australia. Holotype: AMS IA.1669. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Larson et al. 2013:167 [ref. 32988]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

australis, Labrichthys Steindachner [F.] 1866:476 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 16; ref. 5030] South Pacific [South Seas]. Holotype (unique): NMW 27624. •Synonym of Pseudolabrus guentheri Bleeker 1862 -- (Russell 1988:30 [ref. 12549], Parenti & Randall 2000:37 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1409 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudolabrus guentheri Bleeker 1862. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

australis, Labropsis Randall [J. E.] 1981:149, Pl. 5 (figs. A-C) [Micronesica v. 17 (no. 1-2); ref. 5493] Outside reef, western side of One Tree Island, Capricorn Group, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, depth 90 feet. Holotype: BPBM 14395. Paratypes: AMS I.15423-001 (1), I.15461-001 (2), I.15647-058 (1) I.15647-083 (5), I.15681-056 (1), I.17474-001 (1), I.18196 3/4-008 (1), I.19462-037 (1), I.21490-016 (1), I.21495-015 (1); ANSP 136136 (2); BMNH 1980.7.23.1 (1); BPBM 9404 (3), 11347 (2), 14376 (1), 14504 [not 14505] (1), 14524 (1), 15573 (1), 15633 (1), 19900 (2), 24125 (3); CAS 46534 (1); MNHN 1980-1341 (1); USNM 208287 (1). •Valid as Labropsis australis Randall 1981 -- (Randall et al. 1990:326 [ref. 15987], Francis & Randall 1993:122 [ref. 20996], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:184 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:326 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:204 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:27 [ref. 24943], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:363 [ref. 25191], Westneat 2001:3444 [ref. 26277], Randall et al. 2004:22 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:422 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1398 [ref. 29095], Kuiter 2010:362 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:696 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2019:234 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Labropsis australis Randall 1981. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Papua New Guinea east to Tonga and Samoa, south to Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

australis, Torresia Castelnau [F. L.] 1875:36 [Official Record, containing Introduction, Catalogues, Official Awards of the Commissioners, Report and Recommendations of the Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria.; ref. 768] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:109 [ref. 19171]. Apparently the same as Torresia australis of Sauvage 1875 -- see Bauchot 1963:109 [ref. 19171].. •Synonym of Choerodon schoenleinii (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:10 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1380 [ref. 29095], Gomon 2017:32 [ref. 35547]). Current status: Synonym of Choerodon schoenleinii (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

awayae, Julis Schmidt [P. Yu.] 1931:86, Figs. 6-7 [Transactions of the Pacific Committee of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. v. 1; ref. 3937] Itoman, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype (unique): ZIN 23319. Appeared as name only in Schmidt 1930:515 [ref. 18734]. •Synonym of Pseudocoris yamashiroi (Schmidt 1931) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:36 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Randall et al. 2015:21 [ref. 33896]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocoris yamashiroi (Schmidt 1931). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

axillaris, Cossyphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:131, Pl. 371 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN 0010 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:27 [ref. 19171]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Bodianus by Labrus axillaris Bennett 1832. •Synonym of Bodianus axillaris (Bennett 1832) -- (Randall 1995:270 [ref. 22896], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:64 [ref. 28730]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Bodianus axillaris (Bennett 1832). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

axillaris, Julis Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:272 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9025 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:48-49 [ref. 19171] as holotype and paratype. •Synonym of Stethojulis balteata (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Randall & Kay 1974:103 [ref. 22741], Randall 2000:9 [ref. 24432], Parenti & Randall 2000:39 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:445 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:341 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Stethojulis balteata (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

axillaris, Labrus Bennett [E. T.] 1832:166 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 4944] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1856.2.15.13 [ex Zool. Soc.]. •Valid as Bodianus axillaris (Bennett 1832) -- (Dor 1984:196 [ref. 29757], Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:203 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:687 [ref. 5706], Allen & Swainston 1988:112 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:51 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:298 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:269 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:164 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:53 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:178 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:270 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:298 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:188 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:395 [ref. 24106], Randall 1999:21 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:90 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:627 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:974 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:350 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:17 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:111 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3408 [ref. 26277] dated 1831, Nakabo 2002:974 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:48 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:633 [ref. 27495] dated 1831, Randall et al. 2004:21 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3325 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:338 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:392 [ref. 28239], Gomon 2006:64 [ref. 28730], Allen et al. 2006:1373 [ref. 29095], Fricke et al. 2009:83 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:160 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:42 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:636 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:265 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:126 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988] dated as 1831, Koeda et al. 2016:73 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:13 [ref. 35354], Santini et al. 2016:3 [ref. 39174], Fricke et al. 2018:277 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:122 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:223 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:87 [ref. 36871], Wada et al. 2021:44 [ref. 38521], Dewa et al. 2022:22 [ref. 40001], Randall & Victor 2022:175 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Bodianus axillaris (Bennett 1832). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Line Islands (Kiribati), Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) and Pitcairn Group, north to Amami Islands and Osumi Islands (southern Japan) and Marshall Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island (Australia) and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

axillaris, Scarus (Scarus) Steindachner [F.] 1878:384 [6], Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 77 (1. Abth.); ref. 18774] "Probably coast of North Australia" [Brazil]. Syntypes: (several) NMW 77759 (1). On p. 6 of separate. Type locality is Brazil, see Moura et al. 2001:505 [ref. 25371]. •Synonym of Sparisoma rubripinne (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall 1990:886 [ref. 19149], Parenti & Randall 2000:61 [ref. 24943]). •Valid as Sparisoma axillare (Steindachner 1878) -- (Moura et al. 2001:515 [ref. 25371], Feitoza et al. 2003:69 [ref. 26943], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:93 [ref. 27192], Vaske et al. 2005:78 [ref. 36155] as Sparissoma a., Wirtz et al. 2007:15 [ref. 30263], Robertson et al. 2006:796 [ref. 31512], Pinheiro et al. 2010:64 [ref. 30844], Parenti & Randall 2011:38 [ref. 31299], Rocha et al. 2012:62 [ref. 31733], Pinheiro et al. 2015:26 [ref. 34324], Spier et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36103], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:476 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:214 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Sparisoma axillare (Steindachner 1878). Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Trinidad and Tobago south to Santa Caratina (Brazil), including offshore islands off Brazil and St. Paul's Rocks (Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago). Habitat: marine.

aygula, Coris Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:96, 97, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Locality not stated (Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean). Syntypes: MNHN B-2128 (2, dry skins). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:25, 72, 82 [ref. 19171]. Based on description and drawing in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist), plus underlying specimens (= syntypes). Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:103, 104 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473]. •Valid as Coris aygula Lacepède 1801 -- (Dor 1984:200 [ref. 29757], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:210 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:691 [ref. 5706], Allen & Swainston 1988:114 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:53 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:312 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:300 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:53 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:275 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:186 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:298 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:312 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:196 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:10 [ref. 24043], Fricke 1999:407 [ref. 24106], Randall 1999:21 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:628 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:998 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:355 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3427 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:998 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:48 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:73 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:21 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3325 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:404 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:435 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1384 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:332 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:84 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:164 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:314 [ref. 35285], Caratini & Soriano 2011:44 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:661 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:266 [ref. 32706], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:116 [ref. 36167], Francis & Duffy 2015:483 [ref. 36161], Koeda et al. 2016:74 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:13 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:280 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:124 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:19 [ref. 36883], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:169 [ref. 40104], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:89 [ref. 36871], Fujiwara et al. 2020:36 [ref. 38631], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 19 [ref. 38321], Fricke & Durville 2021:33 [ref. 38902], Randall & Victor 2022:191 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Coris aygula Lacepède 1801. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Wake Atoll, Line Islands (Kitibati) and Pitcairn Group, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), northern New Zealand, Kermadec Islands and Rapa. Habitat: marine.

aylingi, Suezichthys Russell [B. C.] 1985:5, Pl. 1 (figs. A-B) [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 2; ref. 5235] Nursery Cove (35°28'S, 174°44'E), Poor Knights Island, New Zealand, depth 13 meters. Holotype: NMNZ P.6149. Paratypes: AMS I.18410-001 (1), I.18412-001 (1), I.18490-001 (2), I.20713-001 (1); ANSP 122855 (1); BPBM 19587 (3); NMNZ P.6150-52 (2, 2, 1). Type catalog: Hardy 1990:11 [ref. 18942]. •Valid as Suezichthys aylingi Russell 1985 -- (Paulin et al. 1989:208 [ref. 24556], Kuiter 1993:279 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Gomon et al. 1994:698 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:286 [ref. 25488], Parenti & Randall 2000:40 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1412 [ref. 29095], Russell & Gomon 2008:658 [ref. 30655], Kuiter 2010:250 [ref. 35285], Russell & Westneat 2013:90 [ref. 32655], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:116 [ref. 36167]). Current status: Valid as Suezichthys aylingi Russell 1985. Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: southeastern Australia (New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania), New Zealand, Kermadec Islands. Habitat: marine.

azorensis, Julis Fowler [H. W.] 1919:204, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 56 (no. 2294); ref. 15209] Horta, Fayal Island, Azores, northeastern Atlantic. Holotype (unique): USNM 42127. •Synonym of Coris julis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:432 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:872 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:15 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Coris melanura (Lowe 1839) -- (Ramírez-Amaro et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38684]). Current status: Synonym of Coris melanura (Lowe 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

azureus, Scarus Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1928:742, Pl. 72 (fig. 1) [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 15 (publ. 249); ref. 2964] Panama City market, Panama. Holotype (unique): USNM 81778. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

azurio, Choerops Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:747 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1235); ref. 2504] Replacement name for "Labrus japonicus Schlegel," [which is actually the species Labrus japonicus Valenciennes 1839], preoccupied by Labrus japonicus Houttuyn 1782. •Valid as Choerodon azurio (Jordan & Snyder 1901) -- (Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:202 [ref. 6441], Lee & Kim 1996:35 [ref. 25726], Chen et al. 1997:132 [ref. 26476], Parenti & Randall 2000:9 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:628 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:970 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:204 [ref. 25480], Nakabo 2002:970 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:368, 635 [ref. 26218], Kuiter 2010:55 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:645 [ref. 31980], Gomon 2017:8, 41 [ref. 35547], Fukui in Kimura et al. 2018:229 [ref. 36460], Kim et al. 2020:149 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:85 [ref. 37637]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Choerodon azurio (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vietnam east to Philippines, north to Korea and southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

baccatus, Labrus Marion de Procé [P.-M.] 1822:132 [Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris [Sér. 3] [v. 9] (for 1822); ref. 17601] Manila Bay, Philippines. No types known. •Synonym of Halichoeres nigrescens (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:23 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres nigrescens (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

badius, Labrus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:258 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated. No types known. •Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:28 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

badius, Platychoerops Ogilby [J. D.] 1893:134 [The edible fishes of New South Wales; ref. 12519] Off Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS I.3002. •Synonym of Achoerodus gouldii (Richardson 1843) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:3 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Achoerodus viridis (Steindachner 1866) -- (Gomon 1997:802 [ref. 23083], Allen et al. 2006:1370 [ref. 29095], Parenti & Randall 2011:39 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Synonym of Achoerodus viridis (Steindachner 1866). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bailloni, Crenilabrus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:191, Pl. 373 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Saint Valery Bay, near the mouth of the Somme, Picardie, France; La Rochelle, France, Bay of Biscay; coasts of la Manche/English Channel, France, northeastern Atlantic. Lectotype: MNHN A-7312. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-7313 (1), A-7339 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:32 [ref. 19171] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype designated by Eschmeyer 1998:186 [ref. 23416]. •Valid as Symphodus bailloni (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:435 [ref. 7204], Quignard & Pras in Whitehead et al. 1986:932 [ref. 13676], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:877 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:41 [ref. 24943], Dunn & Brown 2003:875 [ref. 27139], Falcón et al. 2003:145 [ref. 39343], Kuiter 2010:93 [ref. 35285], Westneat in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2753 [ref. 34618], Carneiro et al. 2019:284 [ref. 37250], Bañón & Maño 2021:89 [ref. 38887], Kovačić et al. 2021:88 [ref. 39014], Khrema et al. 2022:27 [ref. 39905]). Current status: Valid as Symphodus bailloni (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Distribution: North Sea; ?Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: English Channel south to Mauritania, including Madeira. Habitat: marine.

bakunawa, Iniistius Sorgon [K. E. S.], Tea [Y.-K.], Meren [J. C.] & Nañola [C. L., Jr.] 2023:512, Figs. 1-4 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 71; ref. 40451] Loay fish market, Bohol, Philippines. Holotype: PNM 15676. Paratypes: (8) AMS, CSIRO, KAUM-I, PNM, USNM. •Valid as Iniistius bakunawa Sorgon, Tea, Meren & Nañola 2023. Current status: Valid as Iniistius bakunawa Sorgon, Tea, Meren & Nañola 2023. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Panay, Cebu, Bohol and Jolo, the Philippines and Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

balanus, Labrus Fleming [J.] 1828:209 [A history of British animals; ref. 1339] England. •Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767 -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:427 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:874 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:27 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

baldwini, Hemipteronotus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1903:192 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2450] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50644. Paratypes and possible paratypes: AMNH 2290-91 (2); ANSP 24219-20 (1, 1), 28107-08 (1, 1); BPBM 1696-97 (1, 1); CAS 1495-96 (1, 1), 17719 [ex IU 10331-32] (2), 79639 [ex IU 10551-52] (2); FMNH 3961-62 (1, 1); MCZ 28898-99 (1, 1); USFC 2713-14 (2) ? now USNM; CAS-SU 7462 (now 10); USNM 50645 (1), 55359 (4), 126581 [ex USBF 1129] (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:85 [ref. 12291], Böhlke 1984:116 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Xyrichtys baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943], Kuiter 2010:374 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:393 [ref. 26445], Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Mundy 2005:440 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:350 [ref. 30952], Randall & Jonsson 2008:180 [ref. 31037], Ho & Shao 2011: 50 [ref. 31432], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:689 [ref. 31980], DiBattista et al. 2015:20 [ref. 35706] as cf. baldwini). Current status: Valid as Iniistius baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903). Labridae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific: Vietnam, Taiwan, Japan, New Guinea, American Samoa, Line Islands, Hawaiian Islands. Red Sea removed. Habitat: marine.

balerensis, Choerodon Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1950:149 [Philippine Journal of Science v. 78 (no. 2) (for June 1949); ref. 11040] Baler, Quezon (Tayabas) Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 202508 [ex UW 7990]. Type catalog: Meldrim & Wadley 1968:873 [ref. 31181]. •Synonym of Choerodon fasciatus (Günther 1867) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:10 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2017:56 [ref. 35547]). Current status: Synonym of Choerodon fasciatus (Günther 1867). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

balia, Scaridea Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:469, Fig. 27 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50852. •Synonym of Calotomus zonarchus (Jenkins 1903) -- (Bruce & Randall 1985:21 [ref. 5234], Parenti & Randall 2000:51 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:451 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:360 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Calotomus zonarchus (Jenkins 1903). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

balinensis, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1849:8 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 22 [7]; ref. 321] Boleling, northern Bali, Indonesia. Holotype: BMNH 1861.2.28.48. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

ballan, Labrus Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Pennant) 1788:115, Pl. 98 (fig. 400) [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Wales, England (United Kingdom), France (Atlantic coast). No types known. Based on 'The wrasse (Ballan)' of Pennant 1769:203, Pl. 12 [ref. 18527]. •Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767 -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:427 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:874 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:27 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

ballan, Labrus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:259 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Seas of Great Britain. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Labrus ballan Bonnaterre 1788 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:27 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767. 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

ballanus, Labrus Shaw [G.] 1803:498, Pl. 71, bottom [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Filey Bridge near Scarborough, England. No types known. •Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:27 [ref. 24943]). •Apparently based on the same source [Pennant] as Labrus ballan Bonnaterre 1788. Current status: Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

ballieui, Coris (Hemicoris) Vaillant [L. L.] & Sauvage [H.-E.] 1875:285 [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 3) v. 3; ref. 17853] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8898. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:25 [ref. 19171]. •Valid as Coris ballieui Vaillant & Sauvage 1875 -- (Randall 1976:5 [ref. 22257], Randall 1999:14 [ref. 24043], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:436 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:333 [ref. 30952], Kuiter 2010:319 [ref. 35285], Fricke & Durville 2021:33 [ref. 38902]). Current status: Valid as Coris ballieui Vaillant & Sauvage 1875. Labridae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

ballieui, Julis Vaillant [L. L.] & Sauvage [H.-E.] 1875:284 [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 3) v. 3; ref. 17853] Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-8019 (1), 0000-8023 (1), 0000-8896 (2), 0000-8897 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:49-50 [ref. 19171]. •Valid as Thalassoma ballieui (Vaillant & Sauvage 1875) -- (Allen 1995:76 [ref. 21960], Parenti & Randall 2000:44 [ref. 24943], Bernardi et al. 2004:371 [ref. 27454], Mundy 2005:447 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:342 [ref. 30952], Kuiter 2010:196 [ref. 35285]). Current status: Valid as Thalassoma ballieui (Vaillant & Sauvage 1875). Labridae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

balteatus, Cirrhilabrus Randall [J. E.] 1988:210, Pls. 1 (figs. c-d), 3 (figs. d-f) [Micronesica v. 21; ref. 14253] Northern end of Enewetak Island, Eniwetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, depth 25 feet. Holotype: BPBM 9267. Paratypes: AMS I.25967-001 (1); ANSP 158182 (1); BMNH 1986.5.29.1 (1); BPBM 8195 (1), 9264 (2), 9272 (1), 12187 (1), 17953 (1), 17957 (1), 18430 (1), 30934 (4); CAS 58342 (1); MNHN 1986-0454 (1); ROM 50582 (1); USNM 278975 (1); ZUMT 55207 [ex BPBM 8195] (1). •Valid as Cirrhilabrus balteatus Randall 1988 -- (Allen 1995:17 [ref. 21855], Allen & Randall 1996:102 [ref. 22684], Myers 1999:190 [ref. 23965], Allen & Kuiter 1999:136 [ref. 24289], Parenti & Randall 2000:11 [ref. 24943], Allen 2000:46 [ref. 25747], Westneat 2001:3400 [ref. 26277], Allen et al. 2008:131 [ref. 29752], Kuiter 2010:124 [ref. 35285], Allen et al. 2015:3 [ref. 33787], Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus balteatus Randall 1988. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Marshall Islands. Habitat: marine.

balteatus, Julis Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:267, Pl. 56 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-8997. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1987-0676 [ex MNHN 0000-8997] (3). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:50 [ref. 19171]. Lectotype selected by Randall & Kay 1974:105 [ref. 22741]. •Valid as Stethojulis balteata (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Randall & Kay 1974:103 [ref. 22741], Randall et al. 1990:334 [ref. 15987], Randall 2000:9 [ref. 24432], Parenti & Randall 2000:39 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:445 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:341 [ref. 30952], Kuiter 2010:353 [ref. 35285]). Current status: Valid as Stethojulis balteata (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Labridae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

bandanensis, Julis (Halichoeres) Bleeker [P.] 1851:254 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 331] Banda Neira, Banda Islands, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 6576. Paralectotypes: RMNH 29404 [ex RMNH 6576] (18 of 65). Lectotype selected by Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24432]. •Valid as Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker 1851) -- (Randall & Kay 1974:103 [ref. 22741], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:207 [ref. 6441], Bussing 1987:97 [ref. 21800], Allen & Swainston 1988:118 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:334 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:284 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:205 [ref. 22193], Gomon in Fischer et al. 1995:1221 [ref. 22830], Allen 1997:192 [ref. 23977], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:496 [ref. 24023], Kuiter 1997:294 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:334 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:201 [ref. 23965], Johnson 1999:744 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:22 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Randall 2000:13 [ref. 24432], Parenti & Randall 2000:39 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:985 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:368 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:212 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:114 [ref. 25868], Victor et al. 2001:282 [ref. 25613], Hutchins 2001:269 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Baldwin & McCosker 2001:92 [ref. 25779], Westneat 2001:3459 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:985 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:636 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:74 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:435 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1411 [ref. 29095], Béarez & Séret 2009:150 [ref. 36646], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:172 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:354 [ref. 35285], Erisman 2011:39 [ref. 31460], Allen & Erdmann 2012:718 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2014:138 [ref. 33932], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:116 [ref. 36167], Fourriére et al. 2016:448 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:78 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:14 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2019:238 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626], Kwun & Myoung 2021:976 [ref. 38430], Love et al. 2021:178 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker 1851). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas and Cocos-Keeling islands and Indonesia east to Line Islands and French Polynesia, north to Korea and southern Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Merimbula (New South Wales, Australia) and Kermadec Islands; eastern Pacific: Clipperton Island (France) and Revillagigedo Archipelago (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

bandatus, Sparus Perry [G.] 1810:unnumbered page, Pl. VIII [Ichthyology. In: Arcana, or, The Museum of Natural History v. 1; ref. 12255] Eastern Ocean. No types known. Original not seen. Published 1 Feb. 1810. •Synonym of Cheilinus fasciatus (Bloch 1791) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:8 [ref. 24943], Bogorodsky et al. 2016:455 [ref. 34697], Randall & Victor 2022:182 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilinus fasciatus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

barffi, Labrus Curtiss [A.] 1938:102 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

barffi, Scarus Curtiss [A.] 1938:109 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bataviensis, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1857:342 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 16868] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6165 (1 of 8). Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1864.5.15.44 (1). •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379], Fricke et al. 2018:299 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bathycapros, Bodianus Gomon [M. F.] 2006:39, Fig. 22, Pl. 3C [Records of the Australian Museum Suppl. 30; ref. 28730] Tamashiro Market, Nihoa, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: BOBM 17245. Paratypes: BPBM 4713 (1), 20464 (1), 24809 (1), 28814 (1); USNM 51199 (1). •Valid as Bodianus bathycapros Gomon 2006 -- (Randall 2007:321 [ref. 30952], Kuiter 2010:23 [ref. 35285], Parenti & Randall 2011:31 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Valid as Bodianus bathycapros Gomon 2006. Labridae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

bathyphilus, Cirrhilabrus Randall [J. E.] & Nagareda [B. H.] 2002:124 [Cybium v. 26 (no. 2); ref. 26619] Holmes Reef, Coral Sea, 16°24.76'S, 148°0.50'E, depth 6-8 meters. Holotype: AMS I.41103-001. Paratypes: AMS I.38969-001 (1); BPBM 38461-62 (2, 1), 38944 (1); MNHN 1998-1350 (1); USNM 350938 (1). •Valid as Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus Randall & Nagareda 2002 -- (Allen et al. 2003:113 [ref. 27245], Allen et al. 2006:1382 [ref. 29095], Allen et al. 2008:131 [ref. 29752], Kuiter 2010:142 [ref. 35285], Parenti & Randall 2011:32 [ref. 31299], Walsh & Tanaka 2012:8 [ref. 31758], Allen et al. 2015:3 [ref. 33787], Tea et al. 2016:27 [ref. 34470], Walsh et al. 2017:77 [ref. 35292], Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus Randall & Nagareda 2002. Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Coral Sea. Habitat: marine.

bathyphilus, Iridio Beebe [W.] & Tee-Van [J.] 1932:117 [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 13 (no. 5); ref. 9330] One mile south of Nonsuch Island, Bermuda, depth 510 feet. Holotype: USNM 170910 [ex NYZS 9050]. Paratypes: USNM 170911 [ex NYZS 25045] (3). Type catalog: Mead 1958:133 [ref. 20648]. •Valid as Iridio bathyphilus Beebe & Tee-Van 1932 -- (Kuiter 2010:216 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres bathyphilus (Beebe & Tee-Van 1932) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:203 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:155 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:347 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:408 [ref. 24474], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:292 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:19 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2003:1721 [ref. 27105], Nelson et al. 2004:155 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:513 [ref. 28815], Weaver & Rocha 2007:803 [ref. 29437], Lobel et al. 2009:171 [ref. 30071], Luiz et al. 2009:37 [ref. 30311], Rocha et al. 2010:28 [ref. 30767], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Wainwright et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35725], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres bathyphilus (Beebe & Tee-Van 1932). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic [not Brazil]. Habitat: marine.

batuensis, Julis (Halichoeres) Bleeker [P.] 1856:240 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 16862] Batu Islands, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia, eastern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1864.5.15.34 (poor condition). •Valid as Hemicoris batuensis (Bleeker 1856) -- (Kuiter 2010:305 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Coris batuensis (Bleeker 1856) -- (Kuiter 1993:299 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:182 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:313 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:196 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:16 [ref. 24043], Johnson 1999:744 [ref. 25471], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:628 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1000 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:356 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:112 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3401 [ref. 26277] dated 1858, Nakabo 2002:1000 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:48 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:21 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:405 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1385 [ref. 29095], Satapoomin 2009:220 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:164 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:662 [ref. 31980], Randall 2013:6-7 [ref. 32688], Koeda et al. 2016:74 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2019:227 [ref. 36673], Psomadakis et al. 2020:524 [ref. 37272], Fricke & Durville 2021:32 [ref. 38902]). Current status: Valid as Coris batuensis (Bleeker 1856). Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives and Chagos Archipelago east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

beauperryi, Cirrhilabrus Allen [G. R.], Drew [J. A.] & Barber [P. H.] 2008:132, Figs. 1-4 [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 29752] Kwato Island, 10°37.024'S, 150°38.029'E, Milney Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, depth 6-10 meters. Holotype: WAM P.32933-001. Paratypes: AMS I.44570-001 (2); BPBM 36969 (3); WAM P.31732-001 (1), P.32933-002 (1). •Valid as Cirrhilabrus beauperryi Allen, Drew & Barber 2008 -- (Kuiter 2010:124 [ref. 35285], Parenti & Randall 2011:32 [ref. 31299], Walsh & Tanaka 2012:2 [ref. 31758], Allen & Erdmann 2012:651 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:128 [ref. 33932], Allen et al. 2015:3 [ref. 33787], Fricke et al. 2019:226 [ref. 36673], Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus beauperryi Allen, Drew & Barber 2008. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: northeastern Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

bellae, Paracheilinus Randall [J. E.] 1988:222, Pls. 2 (fig. d), 3 (fig. h) [Micronesica v. 21; ref. 14253] Lagoon, Bigej-Mack Reef, 8°58'N, 167°44'E, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands, western Pacific, depth 60-90 feet. Holotype: BPBM 28751. Paratypes: BPBM 28764 (1), USNM 278976 (1). •Valid as Paracheilinus bellae Randall 1988 -- (Myers 1999:193 [ref. 23965], Kuiter & Allen 1999:120 [ref. 24141], Randall 1999:31 [ref. 25148], Parenti & Randall 2000:33 [ref. 24943], Randall & Allen 2003:106 [ref. 27244], Allen & Erdmann 2006:14 [ref. 29404], Allen & Erdmann 2008:187 [ref. 29498], Kuiter 2010:110 [ref. 35285], Allen et al. 2016:43 [ref. 34238]). Current status: Valid as Paracheilinus bellae Randall 1988. Labridae. Distribution: Micronesia and Japan. Habitat: marine.

bellis, Cossyphus Ramsay [E. P.] & Ogilby [J. D.] 1887:561 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (Series 2) v. 2 (pt 2, 3); ref. 14476] Shoalhaven, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS I.1362. •Synonym of Bodianus vulpinus (Richardson 1850) -- (Gomon & Randall 1978:40 [ref. 5481]). •Synonym of Bodianus unimaculatus (Günther 1862) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:7 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:46 [ref. 28730], Allen et al. 2006:1375 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus unimaculatus (Günther 1862). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bennetti, Bodianus Gomon [M. F.] & Walsh [F.] 2016:13, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 23; ref. 34844] Coral Sea, Flora Reef off Queensland, Australia, 16°46'30"S, 147°46'53"E, depth 97 meters. Holotype: NMV A 31528-001. •Valid as Bodianus bennetti Gomon & Walsh 2016 -- (Parenti & Randall 2018:14 [ref. 35964]). Current status: Valid as Bodianus bennetti Gomon & Walsh 2016. Labridae. Distribution: Queensland, Australia and Moorea, French Polynesia. Habitat: marine.

bennetti, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:270 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Hawaiian Islands. No types known. •Synonym of Scarus dubius Bennett 1828 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus dubius Bennett 1828. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

beraber, Julis Montrouzier [X.] 1857:474 [196] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 196 of reprint. •Synonym of Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch 1791) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:25 [ref. 24943], Randall 2013:6 [ref. 32519]). Current status: Synonym of Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

berendti, Thalassoma Seale [A.] 1901:15, Fig. 7 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 14358] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): BPBM 681. •Synonym of Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål 1775) -- (Randall & Edwards 1985:23 [ref. 17448], Parenti & Randall 2000:46 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:448 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål 1775). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bergsnyltrus, Labrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:439, 495 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] North Atlantic. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:95 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Ctenolabrus rupestris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:16 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Ctenolabrus rupestris (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bergylta, Labrus Ascanius [P.] 1767:3, Pl. 1 [Icones rerum naturalium, ou figures enluminées d'histoire naturelle du Nord; ref. 5115] Stavanger, Norway. Lectotype selected by Fricke 1999:44 [ref. 24101] as Pl. 1 in the original description [specimen not in existence]. Also described in Ascanius 1767:17, pl. 1 [ref. 30153]. Name spelled Labrus berg-galt by Müller 1776:46 [ref. 17808]. Species epithet misspelled bergilta by Cuvier 1831:187 [ref. 30376]. •Valid as Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767 -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:427 [ref. 7204], Quignard & Pras in Whitehead et al. 1986:926 [ref. 13676], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:873 [ref. 19219], Porteiro et al. 1996:30 [ref. 23330], Santos et al. 1997:96 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:94 [ref. 24952], Fricke 1999:44 [ref. 24101], Parenti & Randall 2000:27 [ref. 24943], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:110 [ref. 26753], Fricke 2007:29 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:93 [ref. 29533], Fricke 2008:48 [ref. 30182], Kuiter 2010:83 [ref. 35285], Westneat in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2750 [ref. 34618], Martins & Carneiro 2018:167 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:282 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:99 [ref. 36864], Bañón & Maño 2021:89 [ref. 38887], Kovačić et al. 2021:69 [ref. 39014]). Current status: Valid as Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767. Labridae. Distribution: Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Norway south to Morocco, including Azores and Madeira. Habitat: marine.

bertini, Crenilabrus Pras [A.] 1961:10 [Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles et d'Archéologie de Toulon et du Var. No. 137; ref. 19748] Southwest of Les Salins d'Hyères, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea, depth 15 meters. Holotype: MOM 0091-5412 (1 of 10, not found in 1995). Paratypes: MOM 0091-5412 (9 of 10, not found in 1995). •Synonym of Symphodus ocellatus (Forsskål 1775), but a valid subspecies -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:440 [ref. 7204], Galeote & Otero 1994:97 [ref. 37343], Quignard & Pras in Whitehead et al. 1986:938 [ref. 13676]). •Synonym of Symphodus ocellatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:42 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Symphodus ocellatus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus ocellatus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

beryllinus, Cryptotomus Jordan [D. S.] & Swain [J.] 1884:101 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 414); ref. 14397] Havana, Cuba; Key West, Florida, U.S.A. Syntypes: (many) BMNH 1884.7.7.91 (1) from Jordan; CAS-SU 346 (3); USNM 35097 (2), 35162 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Nicholsina usta (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:54 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Nicholsina usta (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bicatenatus, Julis Bennett [E. T.] 1832:167 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 4944] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1861.8.14.25. •Synonym of Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède 1801) -- (Fricke 1999:446 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:47 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:262 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bicincta, Labroides Saville-Kent [W.] 1893:308, Color Pl. 16 (fig. 4) [The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialities; ref. 13269] Queensland, Australia. No types known. •Synonym of Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:26 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1398 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bicolor, Cheilio Bianconi [G. G.] 1857:100 [Rendiconto delle Sessioni dell'Accademia delle Scienze dell'Instituto dei Bologna 1856-1857; ref. 17950] Mozambique. No types known. Also in Bianconi 1857:254 [ref. 295] with figure. Name also appeared in Bianconi 1857:460 [ref. 26453] with figure; earliest not researched. •Synonym of Cheilio inermis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:9 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:185 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilio inermis (Forsskål 1775). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bicolor, Cossyphus Liénard [F.] in Sauvage 1891:453 [Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar; ref. 14503] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:31 [ref. 19171]. Based on 'Cossyphe bicolore' of Liénard 1843:78 [ref. 20927]; description quoted from Liénard. •Synonym of Bodianus anthioides (Bennett 1832) -- (Fricke 1999:395 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:174 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus anthioides (Bennett 1832). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bicolor, Julis Günther [A.] 1862:184 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] No locality [Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean]. Syntypes: BMNH 1861.8.14.5-6 (2). •Synonym of Thalassoma genivittatum (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Randall 1986:704 [ref. 5706], Parenti & Randall 2000:45 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:257 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma genivittatum (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bicolor, Labrichthys Day [F.] 1871:696 [20] [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870 (pt 3); ref. 1078] Andaman Islands. Holotype (unique): ?ZSI F1654. Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:161 [ref. 23762]. On p. 20 of separate. •Synonym of Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch 1791) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:25 [ref. 24943], Randall 2013:9 [ref. 32519]). Current status: Synonym of Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bicolor, Labroides Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1928:224, Pl. 18 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 100, v. 7; ref. 1475] Port Maricaban, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 89970. •Valid as Labroides bicolor Fowler & Bean 1928 -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:207 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:698 [ref. 5706], Allen & Swainston 1988:118 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:54 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:325 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Randall 1995:284 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:192 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:306 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:325 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:203 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:422 [ref. 24106], Randall 1999:21 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:26 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:979 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:362 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:17 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:113 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:269 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:979 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:636 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:74 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:22 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:347 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:420 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1397 [ref. 29095], Fricke et al. 2009:87 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:227 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:169 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:358 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:694 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:135 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:13 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:287 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:127 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:233 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:90 [ref. 36871], Durville et al. 2021:314 [ref. 38802], Randall & Victor 2022:221 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Labroides bicolor Fowler & Bean 1928. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island (Australia), New Caledonia and Austral Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

bicolor, Labrus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:267 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. No types known. •Valid as Hemiulis bicolor (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Kuiter 2010:264 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres bicolor (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:19 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:628 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:112 [ref. 25868], Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830], Satapoomin 2009:222 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:668 [ref. 31980], Yoshida et al. 2013:175 [ref. 34464], Satapoomin in Kimura et al. 2015:74 [ref. 34319], Victor 2016:17 [ref. 34530], Satapoomin in Kimura et al. 2018:231 [ref. 36460], Psomadakis et al. 2020:525 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres bicolor (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Christmas Island east to Indonesia, north to northern Vietnam. Habitat: marine.

bicolor, Scarus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:82, Pl. 21 (fig. 3) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype: SMF 2700 (dry). Rüppell specimens: SMF 17526 (1, skeleton). Replaced in Indo-West Pacific by C. ocellatus. •Valid as Bolbometopon bicolor (Rüppell 1829) -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:218 [ref. 6441]). •Valid as Cetoscarus bicolor (Rüppell 1829) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:6 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:211 [ref. 29757], Choat & Randall 1986:195 [ref. 8099], Allen & Swainston 1988:122 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:57 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:344 [ref. 15987], Bellwood 1994:65 [ref. 19116], Goren & Dor 1994:56 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:489 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:198 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:139 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:316 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:344 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:208 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:451 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:52 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1015 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:376 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3474 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1015 [ref. 26193], Kishimoto et al. 2002:4 [ref. 26569], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:159 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Liao et al. 2004:529 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:447 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1427 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:175 [ref. 31256] not this species, Parenti & Randall 2011:37 [ref. 31299], Koeda et al. 2016:80 [ref. 35333], DiBattista et al. 2015:21 [ref. 35706], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[6] 244 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:131 [ref. 36273], Randall 2022:268 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Cetoscarus bicolor (Rüppell 1829). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

bidens, Labrus Nardo [G. D.] 1824:253 [Giornale di fisica, chimica e storia naturale, medicina, ed arti. (series 2) v. 7; ref. 3144] Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). No types known. Perhaps intended as separate from Lutjanus bidens Bloch 1790, but synonymized with Bloch's bidens in Nardo 1827:30, 38 [ref. 3146]. •Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:41 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bidens, Lutjanus Bloch [M. E.] 1790:123, Pl. 251 (fig. 1) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 4; ref. 469] No locality. Holotype (unique): ZMB 8719 (dry, stuffed). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:91 [ref. 24282]. Spelled Lutianus videns on plate; first reviser Paepke 1999:91 [ref. 24282] in not dating to an earlier author. In reprint edition of Bloch's work, the letter "v" in videns has been corrected by hand to a letter "b" on the plate. On p. 100 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 7 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:41 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bifasciata, Wetmorella philippina Schultz [L. P.] & Marshall [N. B.] 1954:441, Pl. 12 (figs. A-B); Fig. 53 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 103 (no. 3327); ref. 10168] Suakin, Red Sea State, Sudan, Red Sea, depth 3 feet. Holotype: BMNH 1951.9.18.1. Paratypes: BMNH 1951.9.18.2 (1). •Synonym of Wetmorella philippina Fowler & Bean 1928, but a valid subspecies -- (Dor 1984:210 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Wetmorella nigropinnata (Seale 1901) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:47 [ref. 24943], Golani & Fricke 2018:130 [ref. 36273]). •Valid as Wetmorella bifasciata Schultz & Marshall 1954 -- (Randall & Victor 2022:264 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Wetmorella bifasciata Schultz & Marshall 1954. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden, East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Philippines. Habitat: marine.

bifasciatus, Cheilinus Bleeker [P.] 1871:327, Fig. 3 [Archives néerlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles v. 6; ref. 17070] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2). •Synonym of Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:32 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bifasciatus, Labrus Bloch [M. E.] 1791:131, Pl. 283 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 5; ref. 4867] East India [actually western Atlantic]. Holotype (unique): ZMB 2580. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:88 [ref. 24282]. On p. 105 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 8 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Thalassoma bifasciatum (Bloch 1791) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:205 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:156 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:348 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:429 [ref. 24474], Allen 1995:76 [ref. 21960], Aguilera 1998:52 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:295 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:44 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Rocha et al. 2001:105 [ref. 25301], Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1717 [ref. 27105], Bernardi et al. 2004:371 [ref. 27454], Costagliola et al. 2003:379 [ref. 27455], Smith et al. 2003:44 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:523 [ref. 28815], García-Hernández et al. 2009:93 [ref. 37265], Kuiter 2010:201 [ref. 35285], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:65 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098], Angulo 2021:10 [ref. 38913], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:82 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585]). Current status: Valid as Thalassoma bifasciatum (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

bifasciatus, Platyglossus Steindachner [F.] 1866:477, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 16; ref. 5030] Hong Kong, China. Holotype (unique): NMW 28058. •Synonym of Halichoeres bicolor (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:19 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres bicolor (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bifer, Julis Lay [G. T.] & Bennett [E. T.] 1839:64, Pl. 18 (fig. 2) [The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage; ref. 2730] Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): Royal Coll. Surgeons, London (whereabouts unknown). •Synonym of Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Dor 1984:206 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:32 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:443 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:354 [ref. 30952], Randall & Victor 2022:229 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bifurcatus, Suezichthys Russell [B. C.] 1986:59, Figs. 1-2 [Transactions Royal Society of South Australia v. 110 (pt 2); ref. 5990] Great Australian Bight, 34°20'-34°21'S, 123°42-123°43'E, Western Australia, Solea station 5, depth 80 meters. Holotype: SAMA F5037. Paratypes: SAMA F5038 (1). •Valid as Suezichthys bifurcatus Russell 1986 -- (Gomon et al. 1994:699 [ref. 22532], Parenti & Randall 2000:40 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1412 [ref. 29095], Russell & Gomon 2008:659 [ref. 30655], Kuiter 2010:249 [ref. 35285], Russell & Westneat 2013:90 [ref. 32655], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Suezichthys bifurcatus Russell 1986. Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia, South Australia. Habitat: marine.

bilateralis, Thalassoma von Bonde [C.] 1934:454, Pl. 23 (fig. 7) [Annals of the Natal Museum v. 7 (pt 3); ref. 16466] Zanzibar fish market, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Hemigymnus fasciatus (Bloch 1792) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:25 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:212 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Hemigymnus fasciatus (Bloch 1792). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bilineatus, Platyglossus Károli [J.] 1882:174 [Természetrajzi Füzetek, Budapest v. 5 (no. 2) (for 1881); ref. 14295] Not available; apparently a mistake for Platyglossus bifasciatus Steindachner 1866; Károli 1882:174 [ref. 14295] credited authorship to Steindachner and did not indicate it was a new species as with other new taxa in the same work. •Probable In the synonymy of Halichoeres bicolor (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:19 [ref. 24943]). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres bicolor (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae.

bilunulatus, Labrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:454, 526, Pl. 31 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8267 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:80 [ref. 19171]. Based on description and illustration in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). •Valid as Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède 1801), subspecies bilunulatus -- (Winterbottom et al. 1989:51 [ref. 13251], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:203 [ref. 6441], Yamakawa in Okamura et al. 1985:527, 697 [ref. 8056], Randall 1986:687 [ref. 5706], Allen & Swainston 1988:112 [ref. 25477], Lee & Kim 1996:35 [ref. 25726], Allen 1997:178 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:132 [ref. 26476] dated 1802, Kuiter 1997:268 [ref. 25488], Anderson et al. 1998:26 [ref. 23611], Myers 1999:188 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:396 [ref. 24106], Randall 1999:21 [ref. 25829], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:627 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:975 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:350 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:17 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3409 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:975 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:368, 635 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:48 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:144 [ref. 27510], Heemstra et al. 2004:3325 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:339 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:392 [ref. 28239], Gomon 2006:77 [ref. 28730], Allen et al. 2006:1373 [ref. 29095], Hobbs et al. 2008:10 [ref. 39350], Fricke et al. 2009:83 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:161 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:34 [ref. 35285], Parenti & Randall 2011:31 [ref. 31299] dated 1802, Allen & Erdmann 2012:636 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:265 [ref. 32706], Koeda et al. 2016:73 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:13 [ref. 35354], Santini et al. 2016:3 [ref. 39174], Fricke et al. 2018:277 [ref. 35805], Zajonz et al. 2019:87 [ref. 36871], Durville et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38802], Wada et al. 2021:44 [ref. 38521], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:14 [ref. 39607], Randall & Victor 2022:175 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Walters Shoals and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Philippines, north to Amami Islands and Tokara Islands (southern Japan), south to Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

bimaculata, Iridio Wilson [C.] 1916:68 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 10 (nos 1/2); ref. 12398] Mouth of Río Dagua at Buenaventura, Department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56466 [ex CM 5280a]. Paratypes: CAS 79640 [ex IU 13428a] (1), FMNH 56467 [CM 5280b] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:96 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:49 [ref. 12367]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Halichoeres bimaculatus Rüppell 1835 when both are in Halichoeres, replaced by Halichoeres aestuaricola Bussing 1972. •Valid as Iridio bimaculatus Wilson 1916 -- (Kuiter 2010:219 [ref. 35285]). •Synonym of Halichoeres aestuaricola Bussing 1972 -- (Bussing 1987:95 [ref. 21800], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:398 [ref. 24550], Parenti & Randall 2000:19 [ref. 24943]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres aestuaricola Bussing 1972. Labridae. Distribution: Gulf of California to Colombia [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

bimaculatus, Bodianus Allen [G. R.] 1973:386, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 86 (no. 32); ref. 7552] Vertical dropoff at Bairakaseru Island, Ngemelis Islands, Palau Archipelago, Philippine Sea, depth 42 meters. Holotype: BPBM 12444. Paratypes: AMS I.16763-001 (2), BPBM 12445 (2), USNM 208347 (1). •Valid as Bodianus bimaculatus Allen 1973 -- (Yamakawa in Okamura et al. 1982:247 [ref. 8256], Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:203 [ref. 6441], Randall et al. 1990:299 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:180 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:299 [ref. 25919], Chen et al. 1999:115 [ref. 38834], Fricke 1999:397 [ref. 24106], Myers 1999:188 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:248 [ref. 24083], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:627 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:973 [ref. 25182], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3400 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:973 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:48 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2005:126 [ref. 28745], Gomon 2006:24 [ref. 28730], Allen et al. 2006:1373 [ref. 29095], Fricke et al. 2009:83 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:161 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:47 [ref. 35285], Bogorodsky et al. 2011:53 [ref. 31559], Allen & Erdmann 2012:637 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:126 [ref. 33932], Santini et al. 2016:3 [ref. 39174], Fricke et al. 2018:278 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:122 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:223 [ref. 36673], Randall & Victor 2022:176 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Bodianus bimaculatus Allen 1973. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), Madagascar, Mascarenes (Mauritius); eastern Indonesia east to Palau and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia and northern New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

bimaculatus, Cheilinus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:96 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-7470. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:14 [ref. 19171]. •Valid as Cheilinus bimaculatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Dor 1984:197 [ref. 29757], Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:213 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:689 [ref. 5706], Randall et al. 1990:301 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:164 [ref. 25479], Fancis & Randall 1993:122 [ref. 20996], Kuiter 1993:293 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:53 [ref. 25356], Kuiter 1997:276 [ref. 25488], Shinohara et al. 2000:180 [ref. 25987], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Kuiter 2010:178 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall 1995:287 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:180 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:301 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:192 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:426 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:744 [ref. 25471], Parenti & Randall 2000:32 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1009 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:365 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:209 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:17 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:114 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:1009 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2003:361 [ref. 27177], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:634 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:22 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:349 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:426 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:443 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1403 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:327 [ref. 30952], Randall 2007:326 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:88 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:170 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:703 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:136 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988], Fukui et al. 2016:[1] [ref. 35080], Fricke et al. 2018:289 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:235 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:88 [ref. 36871], Sonoyama et al. 2020:86 [ref. 37637], Randall & Victor 2022:231 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to central Japan, south to Lord Howe Island (Australia) and New Caledonia, and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

bimaculatus, Halichoeres Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1835:17, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 1164. •Valid as Halichoeres bimaculatus Rüppell 1835 -- (Dor 1984:202 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:54 [ref. 25356]). •Probably a synonym of Halichoeres zeylonicus (Bennett 1833) -- (Randall et al. 1990:322 [ref. 15987]). •Synonym of Halichoeres zeylonicus (Bennett 1833) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:25 [ref. 24943], Randall & Lobel 2003:124 [ref. 26689], Golani & Fricke 2018:125 [ref. 36273], Randall & Victor 2022:211 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres zeylonicus (Bennett 1833). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bimaculatus, Leptojulis Kner [R.] & Steindachner [F.] 1867:378 [23] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 54 (pt 3); ref. 2640] Chile. Holotype (unique) (?): MGH 2240. On p. 23 of separate. Questionably described as new. •Possibly a synonym of Halichoeres dispilus (Günther 1864) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:63 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Uncertain as Halichoeres dispilus (Günther 1864). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bimaculatus, Xyrichthys Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:43, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Bay of Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMF 180 (2), MNHN A-3685 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:109 [ref. 19171]. Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Valid as Xyrichtys bimaculatus Rüppell 1829 -- (Dor 1984:210 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:55 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:291 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:200 [ref. 23922], Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943]). •Valid as Iniistius bimaculatus (Rüppell 1829) -- (Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Satapoomin 2009:226 [ref. 30463], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:689 [ref. 31980], Golani & Fricke 2018:126 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:73 [ref. 37020], Psomadakis et al. 2020:526 [ref. 37272], Mohanty et al. 2021:506 [ref. 38154], Randall & Victor 2022:217 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius bimaculatus (Rüppell 1829). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

binghami, Xyrichthys Mowbray [L. L.] 1925:1, Fig. [Marine Life, Occasional Paper v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 15803] Double-headed Shot Cat, Cay Sal Bank, Bahamas, depth 3 fathoms. Holotype: YPM 13. Paratypes: YPM 265 (5), 266 (2), 392 (1, mounted), 394 (1). Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:14 [ref. 16741]. Description also published in Breder 1925:64-65, Fig. 28 [ref. 635]. Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Synonym of Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Gomon & Forsyth 1990:881 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

binotopsis, Julis (Halichoeres) Bleeker [P.] 1849:7 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 22 [7]; ref. 321] Boleling, northern Bali, Indonesia. Possible types and/or Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1862.2.28.129 (1), NMV 46181-83 (3). •Valid as Hemiulis binotopsis (Bleeker 1849) -- (Kuiter 2010:262 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres binotopsis (Bleeker 1849) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:19 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:628 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:112 [ref. 25868], Westneat 2001:3401 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830], Barber & Bellwood 2005:249 [ref. 35318], Randall & Allen 2010:286 [ref. 30980], Allen & Erdmann 2012:668 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:130 [ref. 33932]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres binotopsis (Bleeker 1849). Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

biocellatus, Halichoeres Schultz [L. P.] in Schultz, Chapman, Lachner & Woods 1960:233, Fig. 104 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 2; ref. 3972] Lagoon at Arji Island, Bikini Atoll, western Pacific, depth 20-40 feet. Holotype: USNM 112940. Paratypes: USNM 112941-42 (1, 1); UW (1). •Valid as Biochoeres biocellatus (Schultz 1960) -- (Kuiter 2010:285 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres biocellatus Schultz 1960 -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:209 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:116 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:316 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:280 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:188 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:316 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:197 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:19 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:628 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:996 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:358 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:112 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3401 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:996 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:74 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:22 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:411 [ref. 28239], Barber & Bellwood 2005:249 [ref. 35318], Allen et al. 2006:1390 [ref. 29095], Motomura et al. 2010:165 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:669 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:131 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:228 [ref. 36673], Wada et al. 2021:44 [ref. 38521]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres biocellatus Schultz 1960. Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Indonesia east to Micronesia and Samoa, north to Amami Islands (southern Japan), south to Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

bipallidus, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:936 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 8 (no. 96) (art. 107); ref. 12527] Natal to Malindi, Zanzibar, Pemba, Mafia, Aldabra to Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Syntypes: (several localities) SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 67 (1). Also described as new in Smith 1956:5, Pl. 41 (fig. D) as Xanothon bipallidus. Parenti & Randall 2000:53 [ref. 24943] treated both species as independent, but that is not true. Dates are very close in time, and further research may be needed. A holotype is established for the description as Xanothon bipallidus but was not located in 1956; no type was established in ref. 12527; the holotype in ref. 4104 would make the best lectotype if the description above was first. Kottelat (2013) indicates that ref. 4104 appeared earlier. •Synonym of Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Randall 2005:451 [ref. 28239], Kottelat 2013:380 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2018:296 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:273 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål 1775). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bipartitus, Macropharyngodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1957:104, Fig. 2; Pl. 2 (fig. B) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 7; ref. 4113] Pinda, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean, depth about 1 fathom. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 63. •Valid as Macropharyngodon bipartitus Smith 1957 -- (Dor 1984:205 [ref. 29757], Randall 1986:698 [ref. 5706], Winterbottom et al. 1989:55 [ref. 13251], Goren & Dor 1994:54 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:286 [ref. 22896], Fricke 1999:424 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:29 [ref. 24943] as a subspecies, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377] as a subspecies, Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:345 [ref. 28072], Fricke et al. 2009:87 [ref. 30213], Kuiter 2010:284 [ref. 35285], Caratini & Soriano 2011:49 [ref. 39915], Randall 2013:14 [ref. 32688], Fricke et al. 2013:267 [ref. 32706], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2014:434 [ref. 33480], Fricke et al. 2018:287 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:173 [ref. 40104] as subspecies, Zajonz et al. 2019:90 [ref. 36871], Durville et al. 2021:314 [ref. 38802], Randall & Victor 2022:225 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Macropharyngodon bipartitus Smith 1957. Labridae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Madagascar, Seychelles and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago. Habitat: marine.

bipunctatum, Thalassoma cupido var. Vasiliu [G. D.] 1931:349, Pl. 10 (fig. 11) [Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft v. 65 (no. 2); ref. 16341] Galle, Sri Lanka. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:46 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:259 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

biserialis, Labrichthys Klunzinger [C. B.] 1880:402 [78] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 80 (1. Abth.) (nos 3-4); ref. 2624] King George Sound, Western Australia. Syntypes: SMNS 2569 (skull), 2682 (3), ?2926 (1, discarded). Type catalog: Fricke 1992:12 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:45 [ref. 29864]. On p. 78 of separate. •Valid as Pseudolabrus biserialis (Klunzinger 1880) -- (Russell 1988:29 [ref. 12549], Gomon et al. 1994:696 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:282 [ref. 25488], Parenti & Randall 2000:37 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:269 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1408 [ref. 29095], Russell & Gomon 2008:656 [ref. 30655], Kuiter 2010:229 [ref. 35285], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Pseudolabrus biserialis (Klunzinger 1880). Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

bivittatus, Cheiliopsis Steindachner [F.] 1863:1113, Pl. 24 (figs. 1-1c) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 13; ref. 4206] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): NMW 25195. •Synonym of Bodianus opercularis (Guichenot 1847) -- (Gomon & Madden 1981:122 [ref. 5482], Fricke 1999:399 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:6 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:30 [ref. 28730], Randall & Victor 2022:179 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus opercularis (Guichenot 1847). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bivittatus, Labrus Bloch [M. E.] 1791:133, Pl. 284 (fig. 1) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 5; ref. 4867] Indian Ocean [should be western Atlantic]. Syntypes: ZMB 2564 (2). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:88 [ref. 24282]. On p. 107 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 8 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Iridio bivittatus (Bloch 1791) -- (Kuiter 2010:215 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres bivittatus (Bloch 1791) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:203 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:155 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:347 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:409 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:52 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:292 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:991 [ref. 25909], Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1710 [ref. 27105], Moura et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:92 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:43 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:155 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:514 [ref. 28815], Barber & Bellwood 2005:249 [ref. 35318], Luiz et al. 2009:37 [ref. 30311], García-Hernández et al. 2009:93 [ref. 37265], Rocha et al. 2010:26 [ref. 30767], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:63 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961], Wainwright et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35725], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:81 [ref. 38844], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:460 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:211 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres bivittatus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

blanchardi, Novaculichthys Cadenat [J.] & Marchal [E.] 1963:1293, Fig. 42 [Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire (Sér A) Sciences Naturelles v. 25 (no. 4); ref. 4333] West of Catherine Point, Ascension Island, depth 35-40 meters. Lectotype: MNHN 1963-0212. Paralectotypes: (1). Genus misspelled Novaculachthys in main heading on p. 1293. Selection of lectotype not researched; not designated here. •Valid as Xyrichtys blanchardi (Cadenat & Marchal 1963) -- (Edwards & Glass 1987:655 [ref. 9166], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:880 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943], Kuiter 2010:371 [ref. 35285], Parenti & Randall 2011:37 [ref. 31299], Wirtz et al. 2014:9 [ref. 33516], Westneat in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2743 [ref. 34618], Brown et al. 2019:174 [ref. 36444]). Current status: Valid as Xyrichtys blanchardi (Cadenat & Marchal 1963). Labridae. Distribution: Southern central Atlantic: Ascension and Saint Helena islands endemic. Habitat: marine.

blatteus, Cirrhilabrus Springer [V. G.] & Randall [J. E.] 1974:48, Figs. 2-3 [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 23 (no. 1); ref. 18] Off Steinitz Marine Biological Laboratory, Eilat, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, depth 42.7 meters. Holotype: USNM 211870. Paratypes: BPBM 16849-50 (1, 1); HUJ 6863 (1); USNM 211871 (1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:29 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Cirrhilabrus blatteus Springer & Randall 1974 -- (Dor 1984:200 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:53 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:20 [ref. 21854], Allen 1995:17 [ref. 21855], Allen & Randall 1996:102 [ref. 22684], Allen & Kuiter 1999:136 [ref. 24289], Parenti & Randall 2000:11 [ref. 24943], Allen 2000:46 [ref. 25747], Allen et al. 2008:131 [ref. 29752], Kuiter 2010:137 [ref. 35285], Allen et al. 2015:3 [ref. 33787], DiBattista et al. 2015:20 [ref. 35706], Tea & Gill 2017:83 [ref. 35654], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[5] 243 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:123 [ref. 36273], Tea et al. 2018:369 [ref. 36337], Tea et al. 2019:94 [ref. 36819], Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271], Randall & Victor 2022:188 [ref. 39916], Tea et al. 2022:75 [ref. 39072]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus blatteus Springer & Randall 1974. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

bleasdalei, Hemigymnus Castelnau [F. L.] 1875:38 [Official Record, containing Introduction, Catalogues, Official Awards of the Commissioners, Report and Recommendations of the Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria.; ref. 768] Adelaide, South Australia. Syntypes: MNHN 1877-0425 (3, apparently lost). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:45 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Pictilabrus laticlavius (Richardson 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:34 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1405 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Pictilabrus laticlavius (Richardson 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bleekeri, Callyodon de Beaufort [L. F.] in Weber & de Beaufort 1940:318 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 8; ref. 239] Padang, Sumatra; Ternate; Philippines; New Ireland, Ponape, Solomon Islands, Shortland Islands. Syntypes: not researched. Based on Scarus quoyi of Bleeker 1853:607 (not Scarus quoyi Valenciennes) and on specimens. •Valid as Scarus bleekeri (de Beaufort 1940) -- (Choat & Randall 1986:199 [ref. 8099], Randall et al. 1990:346 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1997:318 [ref. 25488]). •Valid as Chlorurus bleekeri (de Beaufort 1940) -- (Bellwood 1994:66 [ref. 19116], Allen 1997:202 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:346 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:208 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:52 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:376 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3475 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:159 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:448 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1427 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:730 [ref. 31980], Motomura et al. 2017:186 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2019:241 [ref. 36673], Psomadakis et al. 2020:528 [ref. 37272], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:11 [ref. 40448]). Current status: Valid as Chlorurus bleekeri (de Beaufort 1940). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Myanmar and Indonesia east to Micronesia and Fiji, north to Philippines, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

bleekeri, Callyodontichthys Steindachner [F.] 1863:1111, Pl. 24 (figs. 2-2b) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 13; ref. 4206] Bahia, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ?NMW 57127. •Synonym of Sparisoma radians (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:61 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma radians (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bleekeri, Coris Hubrecht [A. A. W.] 1876:214 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 17 (no. 99) (art. 20); ref. 18316] Ceram Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 2168. •Valid as Pseudocoris bleekeri (Hubrecht 1876 ) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:35 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Randall & Walsh 2008:49 [ref. 29659], Kuiter 2010:324 [ref. 35285] and as cf. bleekeri, Allen & Erdmann 2012:712 [ref. 31980], Randall et al. 2015:6, 31 [ref. 33896]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocoris bleekeri (Hubrecht 1876). Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: southern Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Philippines to southern Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

bleekeri, Halichoeres Günther [A.] 1861:386 [5] [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 8 (no. 47); ref. 1967] On p. 5 of separate. Based on Julis cuvieri of Bleeker 1849:24, not of Bennett. •Synonym of Halichoeres chloropterus (Bloch 1791) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres chloropterus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bleekeri, Labrichthys Castelnau [F. L.] 1872:148 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] Melbourne market, Victoria, Australia. Syntypes: MNHN 1877-0435 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:77 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson 1840) -- (Russell 1988:17 [ref. 12549], Parenti & Randall 2000:31 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1402 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bleekeri, Platyglossus Steindachner [F.] & Döderlein [L.] 1887:275 [19] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 53 (1. abth.); ref. 4249] Tokyo, Japan. Syntypes: (several) MZS 479 (1); NMW 28072-73 (1, 1), 28075-77 (1, 1, 1), 76424 (1); ?ZMB 12245 (1). Perhaps should not be used; subjectively invalid, secondarily preoccupied by Halichoeres bleekeri Günther 1861. Type information (MZS, ZMB) from Amaoka & Fujii 1999:149 [ref. 26515]. •Synonym of Julichoeres tenuispinis (Günther 1862) -- (Kuiter 2010:296 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres bleekeri (Steindachner & Döderlein 1887) -- (Randall 1999:228 [ref. 24046], Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943], Shinohara et al. 2000:180 [ref. 25987]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Valid as Halichoeres bleekeri (Steindachner & Döderlein 1887). Labridae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

blochii, Bodianus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:279, 287 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Brazil. No types known. •Synonym of Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:6 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:103 [ref. 28730] as blochi). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

blochii, Cheilinus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:108 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Japan. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Cheilinus by Crenilabrus blochii Swainson 1839. •Synonym of Hemigymnus fasciatus (Bloch 1792). •Synonym of Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch 1791) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:8 [ref. 24943]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

blochii, Crenilabrus (Thalliurus) Swainson [W.] 1839:230 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Bloch, Pl. 260 -- which is Bloch 1791:Pl. 260 [ref. 4867]. •Synonym of Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch 1791) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:8 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

blochii, Julis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:422 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Indian Ocean [in error], correct is Atlantic. Lectotype: ZMB 2579 (larger specimen). Paralectotypes: ZMB 2579 (1, smaller specimen). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:76 [ref. 19171], Paepke 1999:89-90 [ref. 24282]. Based on Labrus lunaris of Bloch 1791: Pl. 281. Lectotype selected by Randall and Bartsch 2004:125 [ref. 28671]. •Synonym of Thalassoma hebraicum (Lacepède 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:45 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:258 [ref. 39916]). •Synonym of Thalassoma pavo (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Randall 2003:1 [ref. 26963], Randall & Bartsch 2004:123 [ref. 28671], Parenti & Randall 2011:39 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma pavo (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: freshwater.

blochii, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:219 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Japan. Lectotype: ZMB 8580 (right skin). Paralectotypes: ?ZMB 8586 (1, right skin). Replacement name for Scarus viridis Bloch 1790, preoccupied by Scarus viridis Bonaterre 1788. •Objective synonym of Scarus japanensis Bloch 1789 -- (Randall & Nelson 1979:206 [ref. 19975]). •Synonym of Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:52 [ref. 24943]). •Incorrectly valid as Scarus blochii Valenciennes 1840 -- (Krishnan & Mishra 1994:294 [ref. 24014]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bodianus, Bodianus Bloch [M. E.] 1790:33, Pl. 223 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 4; ref. 469] Brazil. No types known. On p. 24 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 7 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:6 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:103 [ref. 28730]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bodianus, Cossyphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:103 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Treated by Bauchot & Daget 1996:243 [ref. 22899] as an original description rather than a new combination for Bodianus bodianus Bloch 1790, with a holotype MNHN A-8260. If treated as an independent description, then the name is subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Bodianus by Bodianus bodianus Bloch 1790. •In the synonymy of Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus 1758). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae.

boekei, Doratonotus Metzelaar [J.] 1919:107, Fig. 31 [Report on the fishes; ref. 2982] Curaçao and Bonaire. Syntypes: (3) ZMA 113102 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:92 [ref. 19236]. •Synonym of Doratonotus megalepis Günther 1862 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:17 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Doratonotus megalepis Günther 1862. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bollmani, Scarus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1887:470 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 9 (no. 586); ref. 2441] Snapper banks off Pensacola, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A. (stomach content). Holotype: USNM 37993. Paratypes: USNM (1). •Synonym of Scarus taeniopterus Lesson 1829 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus taeniopterus Lesson 1829. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

borbonicus, Odax Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:306 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Syntypes: (2, lost). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:107 [ref. 19171]. •Nomen oblitum -- (Randall & Parenti 1999:31 [ref. 24276]). •Synonym of Pseudodax moluccanus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Fricke 1999:429 [ref. 24106], Randall & Parenti 1999:31 [ref. 24276], Parenti & Randall 2000:36 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:241 [ref. 39916]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Pseudodax moluccanus (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

borborus, Scarus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1903:197 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2450] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50649. Paratypes: CAS-SU 7465 (1), USNM 125661 [ex USBF 1221, USFC 2735] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291]. Spelled barborus in main entry, spelled borborus in index (p. 545). Also appeared in Jordan & Evermann 1905:349, Fig. 150 [ref. 2451]. First reviser selection by Jordan & Evermann 1905:349, footnote, where it is indicated that barborus was a misprint for borborus. •Synonym of Chlorurus perspicillatus (Steindachner 1879) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:53 [ref. 24943], Lobel & Lobel 2004:74 [ref. 27576], Mundy 2005:452 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Chlorurus perspicillatus (Steindachner 1879). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

boryanus, Crenilabrus Risso [A.] 1827:320 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:36 [ref. 19171]. •Valid as Crenilabrus boryanus Risso 1827 -- (Herrera 1896:58 [ref. 39336]). •Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:437 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:878 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:41 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

boryii, Julis Lesson [R. P.] 1830:(141), Poissons Pl. 36 [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Bay of Matavai, Tahiti. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:71 [ref. 19171]. Dates to plate which appeared on 3 Apr. 1830: description dated to 13 Oct. 1831 (Cretella 2010 [ref. 34236]). •Synonym of Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch 1791) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:25 [ref. 24943], Randall 2013:6 [ref. 32519]). Current status: Synonym of Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bostockii, Labrichthys Castelnau [F. L.] 1873:137 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 2; ref. 758] Fremantle, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:79 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Notolabrus parilus (Richardson 1850) -- (Russell 1988:13 [ref. 12549], Parenti & Randall 2000:31 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1401 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Notolabrus parilus (Richardson 1850). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

botryocosmus, Labrus Richardson [J.] 1846:53, Pl. 31 (figs. 6-10) [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] South Australia; Tasmania, Australia. Syntypes: BMNH 1847.5.10.15 (1), 1855.9.19.965-966 (2). •Synonym of Notolabrus celidotus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Russell 1988:18 [ref. 12549], Parenti & Randall 2000:31 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Notolabrus celidotus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bottae, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:262 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Red Sea. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2456 (1, 1, 1, all dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:292 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Dor 1984:218 [ref. 29757], Bruce & Randall 1985:24 [ref. 5234], Choat & Randall 1986:194 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:54 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:292 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bourboni, Lepidaplois Fourmanoir [P.] & Guézé [P.] 1961:7, Fig. 1 [Publications de l'Institut de Recherche Scientifique de Madagascar.; ref. 19993] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 421. Also treated in Fourmanoir & Guézé 1967:54 [ref. 7890]. •Valid as Bodianus bourboni (Fourmanoir & Guézé 1961) -- (Parenti & Randall 2018:14 [ref. 35964]). •Synonym of Bodianus leucosticticus (Bennett 1832) -- (Randall 1986:688 [ref. 5706] as leucostictus, Fricke 1999:398 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943] as bourbon, Gomon 2006:49 [ref. 28730], Baranes et al. 2017:281 [ref. 35028], Randall & Victor 2022:177 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus leucosticticus (Bennett 1832). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

boutoni, Cossyphus Liénard [F.] in Sauvage 1891:452 [Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar; ref. 14503] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:31 [ref. 19171]. Based on 'Cossyphe de Bouton' of Liénard 1843:76 [ref. 20927]; description quoted from Liénard. •Synonym of Bodianus anthioides (Bennett 1832) -- (Fricke 1999:395 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:71 [ref. 28730], Randall & Victor 2022:174 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus anthioides (Bennett 1832). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bowersi, Callyodon Snyder [J. O.] 1909:602 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 36 (no. 1688); ref. 4151] Naha, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype: USNM 62950. Paratypes: CAS-SU 21136 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:87 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Scarus bowersi (Snyder 1909) -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:219 [ref. 6441]). •Valid as Chlorurus bowersi (Snyder 1909) -- (Bellwood 1994:66 [ref. 19116], Myers 1999:208 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:52 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1017 [ref. 25182], Bellwood 2001:3475 [ref. 26278], Nakabo 2002:1017 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:160 [ref. 27510], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Liao et al. 2004:530 [ref. 28045], Motomura et al. 2010:176 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:731 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:140 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:80 [ref. 35333]). Current status: Valid as Chlorurus bowersi (Snyder 1909). Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Philippines north to Ryukyu Islands. Habitat: marine.

brachialis, Scarus Poey [F.] 1861:345 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 14555 (1). Poey specimens: MCZ 31447 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:212 [ref. 22926] with MCZ 14555 as holotype. •Synonym of Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:301 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brachiatus, Sparus Shaw [G.] 1803:456 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Indian seas. No types known. •Synonym of Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:47 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:262 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brachion, Sparus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1802:54, 160 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Grand océan équinoxial [Madagascar]. Holotype: MNHN B-2145. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:92 [ref. 19171], Bauchot & Daget 1972:86-87 [ref. 20898], Fricke et al. 2018:288 [ref. 35805]. Figured on Pl. 18 (fig. 3) of Lacepède 1801 [ref. 2710]. Based on a drawing of the holotype in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). •Objective synonym of Labrus taeniourus Lacepède 1801. •Synonym of Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:32 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:288 [ref. 35805], Randall & Victor 2022:229 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brachivarius, Scarus Poey [F.] 2000:653, Pl. 371 (fig. 4) [Ictiologia Cubana. Posthumous transcription of original unpublished manuscript (1884) by M. Sánchez Roig and F. Gómez de la Maza v. 1-3; ref. 26366] Not available; not explicitly proposed as new [see Art. 16.1 of the Code]. Posthumous publication. Figured specimen listed as type. Labridae.

brachyrhynus, Bodianus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1918:787 [3] [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 10; ref. 3724] Estado da Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 2398. Type catalog: Britski 1969:210 [ref. 12401]. On p. 3 of separate. •Synonym of Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:6 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brachysoma, Callyodon Bleeker [P.] 1861:244 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 12; ref. 381] Ambon Island and Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Possible types: BMNH 1861.2.28.46 (1), NMV A866 (1). •Synonym of Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Bruce & Randall 1985:8 [ref. 5234], Choat & Randall 1986:193 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:51 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:446 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:359 [ref. 30952], Randall 2022:291 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brachyvarius, Scarus Longley [W. H.] in Longley & Hildebrand 1941:212 [Papers Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington v. 34 (publ. 535); ref. 18452] Not available, manuscript name of Poey (from Havana, Cuba). •In the synonymy of Sparisoma rubripinne (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall 1990:886 [ref. 19149], Parenti & Randall 2000:65 [ref. 24943]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma rubripinne (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae.

brama, Coricus Nordmann [A. von] 1840:464, Pl. 20 (fig. 1) [Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée; ref. 3209] Off Sebastopol, Black Sea, Crimea, Ukraine. No types known. •Synonym of Symphodus scina (Fabricius 1775) -- (Parin et al. 2014:381 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Symphodus rostratus (Bloch 1791) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:435 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:43 [ref. 24943], Parin 2003:S19 [ref. 28536]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus rostratus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brandaonis, Ctenolabrus Steindachner [F.] 1867:64 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 4 (no. 8); ref. 20462] Brazil [locality apparently in error]. Holotype (unique): NMW 22794. Species also appeared on p. 441 of English version [ref. 20462]; later appeared in more detail in Steindachner 1867:532 [ref. 4215] and on p. 16 of separate as Ctenolabrus (Tautogolabrus) brandaonis. •Valid as Tautogolabrus brandaonis (Steindachner 1867) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:44 [ref. 24943], Moura et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:92 [ref. 27192]). •Synonym of Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Parenti & Randall 2011:36 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Synonym of Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brasiliensis, Clepticus Heiser [J. B.], Moura [R. L. de] & Robertson [D. R.] 2000:71, Figs. 3-6 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 25763] Ilha Escalvada, Guarapari, 20°42'00"S, 40°24'30"W, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 53269. Paratypes: CAS 99821 (1), 99822 (1); MZUSP 53265 (1), 53267 (1), 53268 (1), 53272 (1), 47151 (1), 51427 (1), 53161 (1); USNM 350958 (1), 350959 (1). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Clepticus brasiliensis Heiser, Moura & Robertson 2000 -- (Feitoza et al. 2003:69 [ref. 26943], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Kuiter 2010:19 [ref. 35285], Parenti & Randall 2011:33 [ref. 31299], Pinheiro et al. 2015:24 [ref. 34324], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:458 [ref. 38945]). •Valid as Bodianus brasiliensis (Heiser, Moura & Robertson 2000) based on status of genus -- (Santini et al. 2016:6 [ref. 39174], Carvalho-Filho 2023:207 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Bodianus brasiliensis (Heiser, Moura & Robertson 2000). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Maranhão south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Fernando de Noronha and St. Paul's Rocks (Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, Brazil). IUCN (2023): Not assessed. Habitat: marine.

brasiliensis, Labrus Bloch [M. E.] 1791:125, Pl. 280 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 5; ref. 4867] Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 33028 (stuffed). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:88-89 [ref. 24282]. On p. 100 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 8 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Halichoeres radiatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:24 [ref. 24943]). •Valid as Iridio brasiliensis (Bloch 1791) -- (Kuiter 2010:215 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres brasiliensis (Bloch 1791) -- (Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1645 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:161 [ref. 25881], Moura et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:92 [ref. 27192], Luiz et al. 2009:37 [ref. 30311], Rocha et al. 2010:28 [ref. 30767], Parenti & Randall 2011:34 [ref. 31299], Pinheiro et al. 2015:24 [ref. 34324], Wainwright et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35725], Spier et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36103], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:461 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:208 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres brasiliensis (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Maranhão south to Santa Catarina (Brazil) endemic. Habitat: marine.

brauni, Pictilabrus Hutchins [J. B.] & Morrison [S. M.] 1996:39, Figs. 1, 4, 7 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 23 (no. 1/2); ref. 22221] Cheyne Beach, 34°54'S, 118°25'E, south coast of Western Australia. Holotype: WAM P.30941-001. Paratypes: AMS I.36151-001 (1); NTM S.14048-001 (1); WAM P.30940-001 (1), P.30941-002 (1), P.30942-001 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:37 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Pictilabrus brauni Hutchins & Morrison 1996 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:34 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:269 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1405 [ref. 29095], Russell & Gomon 2008:654 [ref. 30655], Kuiter 2010:242 [ref. 35285]). Current status: Valid as Pictilabrus brauni Hutchins & Morrison 1996. Labridae. Distribution: Australia: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

brenchleyi, Choerops Günther [A.] 1872:424 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 10 (no. 60) (art,. 60); ref. 18195] Misool [Misol] Island, Irian Jaya, Indonesia; Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: BMNH 1870.8.31.27 (1), 1870.8.31.36 (1), 1870.8.31.85 (1). Also appeared in Günther 1873:416, Pl. 34 [ref. 18196]. •Synonym of Choerodon zosterophorus (Bleeker 1868) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:11 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2017:87 [ref. 35547]). Current status: Synonym of Choerodon zosterophorus (Bleeker 1868). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brevifilis, Pseudoscarus Günther [A.] 1909:327 [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 6 (no. 16); ref. 14377] Tahiti; Apamana [Abemana], Gilbert Islands. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1873.4.3.106 (1). Illustration published in Günther 1910, Pl. 161 [ref. 14460]. •Synonym of Scarus altipinnis (Steindachner 1879) -- (Choat & Randall 1986:198 [ref. 8099], Randall et al. 1990:345 [ref. 15987], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:452 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus altipinnis (Steindachner 1879). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brevipinnis, Iniistius Randall [J. E.] 2013:10, Fig. 6 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 7; ref. 32688] Eastern Cape, off Port Edward, 31°06.463'S, 30°14.657'E, South Africa, depth 46 meters. Holotype (unique): SAIAB 87705. •Valid as Iniistius brevipinnis Randall 2013 -- (Parenti & Randall 2018:18 [ref. 35964], Randall & Victor 2022:217 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius brevipinnis Randall 2013. Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) north to southern Mozambique. Habitat: marine.

brevis, Epibulus Carlson [B. A.], Randall [J. E.] & Dawson [M. N.] 2008:477, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2008 (no. 2); ref. 29634] Ngerikuul (Nikko Bay), off south shore of Bukrrairong Island, Koror, Palau. Holotype: BPBM 31438. Paratypes: Many at AMS, BPBM, CAS, FMNH, NSMT, USNM. •Valid as Epibulus brevis Carlson, Randall & Dawson 2008 -- (Parenti & Randall 2011:33 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:665 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:130 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:227 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Epibulus brevis Carlson, Randall & Dawson 2008. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Central Indonesia east to Palau and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea). Habitat: marine.

briangreenei, Cirrhilabrus Tea [Y.-K.], Pyle [R. L.] & Rocha [L. A.] 2020:93, Figs. 1-4A-B, 5A [Copeia v. 108 (no. 1); ref. 37333] Maricaban Island, Philippines, 13°39'39.08"N, 120°49'52.86"E, depth 95 meters. Holotype: PNM 15518 [ex CAS 238389]. Paratypes: AMS, BPBM, CAS. •Valid as Cirrhilabrus briangreenei Tea, Pyle & Rocha 2020 -- (Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus briangreenei Tea, Pyle & Rocha 2020. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Verde Island Passage (Philippines). Habitat: marine.

brighami, Scarus Bryan [W. A.] & Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1903:131 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 15652] Marcus Island, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): BPBM 2438 (head and fins). •Synonym of Chlorurus frontalis (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:52 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:449 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Chlorurus frontalis (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brownfieldi, Choerojulis Whitley [G. P.] 1945:28, Fig. 13 [Australian Zoologist v. 11 (pt 1); ref. 4707] Garden Island, off Fremantle, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): WAM P.110-001. Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:33 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:35 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Whitleychoeres brownfieldi (Whitley 1945) -- (Kuiter 2010:292 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres brownfieldi (Whitley 1945) -- (Gomon et al. 1994:688 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:290 [ref. 25488], Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Barber & Bellwood 2005:249 [ref. 35318], Allen et al. 2006:1390 [ref. 29095], Russell & Gomon 2008:649 [ref. 30655], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres brownfieldi (Whitley 1945). Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

brunneus, Cirrhilabrus Allen [G. R.] 2006:2, Fig. 1 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 28623] Kanjungan Besae Island, 01°06.934'N, 118°50.127"E, northeastern Kalimantan, Indonesia, depth 40 meters. Holotype (unique): NCIP 6306. Paratypes: uncollected female, color field notes taken. •Valid as Cirrhilabrus brunneus Allen 2006 -- (Allen et al. 2008:131 [ref. 29752], Kuiter 2010:148 [ref. 35285], Parenti & Randall 2011:32 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:651 [ref. 31980], Walsh 2014:129 [ref. 33450], Allen et al. 2015:3, 10 [ref. 33787], Tea et al. 2016:27 [ref. 34470], Allen & Hammer 2017:62 [ref. 35954], Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus brunneus Allen 2006. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

brunneus, Scarus Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:59, Fig. 16 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 14757] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: CAS-SU 6139. Syntypes: CAS-SU 23326 (? now 6); USNM 51067 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brunnichii, Lutjanus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:184, 222 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:38 [ref. 19171], Bauchot et al. 1981:34 [ref. 21549]. •Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:437 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:877 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:41 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brunnichii, Sparus Shaw [G.] 1803:462 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Mediterranean Sea. No types known. The same name was also used by Shaw for a different species on p. 424. Based on Labrus fuscus Gmelin. •Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2011:40 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bulbifrons, Coris Randall [J. E.] & Kuiter [R. H.] 1982:168, Pl. 2 (figs. A-C); Figs. 3-5 [Pacific Science v. 36 (no. 2); ref. 5446] Reef south of Phillip Point, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Holotype: BPBM 14869. Paratypes: AMS I.1947 (1), I.1957 (2), I.1958 (1), I.4644 (1), I.7055 (1), I.13678 (1), I.15874-001 (1), I.17359-021 (1), I.17360-016 (1), I.17361-003 (1), I.17371-017 (1), I.17393-005 (1), I.17368-028 (1), I.17369-014 (1), I.20268-016 (1), IA.935 (2), IA.2419 (1), IB.6402 (1), IB.5520 (1), IB.5521 (1), IB.6389 (1), IB.6436 (1); BMNH 1981.2.11.2 (1); BPBM 14845 (1), 14881 (1); USNM 225236 (1). •Valid as Coris bulbifrons Randall & Kuiter 1982 -- (Kuiter 1993:298 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Randall 1999:18 [ref. 24043], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1385 [ref. 29095], Kuiter 2010:313 [ref. 35285], Fricke & Durville 2021:33 [ref. 38902]). Current status: Valid as Coris bulbifrons Randall & Kuiter 1982. Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: southeastern Australia to Norfolk Island. Habitat: marine.

burekae, Halichoeres Weaver [D. C.] & Rocha [L. A.] 2007:800, Figs. 1-2, 4A [Copeia 2007 (no. 4); ref. 29437] Stetson Bank, Gulf of Mexico, 28°10'N, 94°17.5'W, depth 24 meters. Holotype: UF 121176. Paratypes: UF 121257 (1), 165651 (2); USNM 388617 (4). •Valid as Iridio burekae (Weaver & Rocha 2007) -- (Kuiter 2010:217 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres burekae Weaver & Rocha 2007 -- (Lobel et al. 2009:171 [ref. 30071], Aguilar-Perera & Tuz-Sulub 2009:64 [ref. 31680], Rocha et al. 2010:28 [ref. 30767], Parenti & Randall 2011:34 [ref. 31299], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Robertson et al. 2016:147, 150 [ref. 34961], Wainwright et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35725]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres burekae Weaver & Rocha 2007. Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (U.S.A., Mexico). Habitat: marine.

burgall, Labrus Schöpf [J. D.] 1788:155 [Schriften der Berlinischen Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde v. 8; ref. 18700] New York, U.S.A. No types known. Name not available, as vernacular only. Name made available as Labrus adspersus Walbaum 1792. Species epithet misspelled burgal by Cuvier 1831:191 [ref. 30376]. •Valid as Tautogolabrus burgall (Schöpf 1788) -- (Kuiter 2010:99 [ref. 35285]). •In the synonymy of Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:44 [ref. 24943], Parenti & Randall 2018:24 [ref. 35964]). Current status: Synonym of Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792). Labridae.

busellatus, Bodianus Gomon [M. F.] 2006:79, Fig. 49. Pl. 7J, 8 A [Records of the Australian Museum Suppl. 30; ref. 28730] Northeast of Matakumu Point, Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, depth 13-16 meters. Holotype: BPBM 11760. Paratypes: BPBM 11062 (1), 12235 (1), 12338 (1), 16588 (1), 17133 (4); CAS 41735 (1); NMNZ P.31385 (1); USNM 218892 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Bodianus busellatus Gomon 2006 -- (Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:341 [ref. 28867], Kuiter 2010:38 [ref. 35285], Parenti & Randall 2011:32 [ref. 31299], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988]). Current status: Valid as Bodianus busellatus Gomon 2006. Labridae. Distribution: South Pacific: New Caledonia, Marquesas Islands, Herson and Ducie (Pitcairn Group); possibly more widespread. Habitat: marine.

cacatua, Iniistius Waite [E. R.] 1901:41, Pl. 7 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 14772] Lord Howe Island, 31°33'S, 159°05'E, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): AMS I.4498. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caerulea, Tautoga Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:24 [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Smith 1986:436 [ref. 22186] as coerulea, Parenti & Randall 2000:44 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleoaureus, Harpe Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:426, 427, Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Martinique Island, West Indies. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:44 [ref. 19171]. Originally caeruleo-aureus. •Synonym of Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:6 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:103 [ref. 28730]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleocephalus, Julis Cuvier [G.] 1829:259 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No locality. Available from footnote as, "Julis caeruleocephalus, N., ou Girelle Duperrey, Voyage de Freycin., Zool., pl., f. 333. •Synonym of Thalassoma duperrey (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:45 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:447 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:343 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma duperrey (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleolineatus, Labroides Fowler [H. W.] 1945:65, Fig. 7 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 97; ref. 13142] Saipan Island, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): ANSP 71593. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:117 [ref. 13621]. Originally as caeruleo-lineatus. •Synonym of Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:26 [ref. 24943], Myers & Donaldson 2003:636 [ref. 27495]). Current status: Synonym of Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleomaculata, Duymaeria Günther [A.] 1862:122 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Aneiteum Island, Vanuatu. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1860.7.18.19 (stuffed). •Synonym of Pteragogus flagellifer (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:38 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:291 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Synonym of Pteragogus flagellifer (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleomarginata, Thalassoma Fowler [H. W.] 1944:265, Fig. 233 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Ensenada Honda, Pedro Gonzalez, Perlas Islands, (Pacific) Panama. Holotype: ANSP 70134. Paratypes: ANSP 70135 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:117 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Thalassoma lucasanum (Gill 1862) -- (Bussing 1987:98 [ref. 21800], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:498 [ref. 24023], Parenti & Randall 2000:45 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma lucasanum (Gill 1862). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleopunctatus, Anampses Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:42, Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 2745 (dry). •Valid as Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell 1829 -- (Dor 1984:195 [ref. 29757], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:204 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:685 [ref. 5706], Allen & Swainston 1988:112 [ref. 25477], Pequeño 1989:63 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:207 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:51 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:295 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:290 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:164 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:52 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:269 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:178 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:292 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:295 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:196 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:391 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:743 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:20 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:90 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:3 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:627 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:978 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:349 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:201 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:17 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:111 [ref. 25868], Shinohara et al. 2000:180 [ref. 25987], Hutchins 2001:267 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:978 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:47 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:144 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:73 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:21 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3325 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:388 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1371 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:331 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:82 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:216 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:159 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:341 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:632 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:265 [ref. 32706], Russell & Craig 2013:84 [ref. 32948], Fricke et al. 2014:125 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:116 [ref. 36167], Motomura et al. 2015:26 [ref. 34709], Koeda et al. 2016:72 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:276 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:121 [ref. 36273], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:89 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:522 [ref. 37272], Akaike et al. 2021:25 [ref. 38809], Randall & Victor 2022:170 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell 1829. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Wake Island, Line Islands (Kiribati) and Easter Island (Chile), north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), Kermadec Islands and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

caeruleopunctatus, Hemipteronotus Yu [M.-J.] 1968:129, Fig. 54 [Biological Bulletin Department of Biology College of Science Tunghai University Ichthyol. Ser. No. 4; ref. 19775] Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Holotype: THUP 03187 (now at NMMBP). Paratypes: THUP 03388 (more than 40) (now at NMMBP). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:50 [ref. 31432]. Originally as caeruleo-punctatus. •Synonym of Xyrichtys verrens (Jordan & Evermann 1902) -- (Shen & Yeh 1987:66 [ref. 6419], Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius verrens (Jordan & Evermann 1902) -- (Ho & Shao 2011:50 [ref. 31432]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius verrens (Jordan & Evermann 1902). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caerulescens, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:230 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Red Sea. •Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Ormond 1978:245 [ref. 21371] as coerulescens, Randall & Bruce 1983:16 [ref. 5412] as coerulescens, Dor 1984:214 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943] as coerulescens, Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273], Randall 2022:280 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleus, Centrolabrus Azevedo [J. M. N.] 1999:3, Fig. 1a-b [Bocagiana. Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural) No. 196; ref. 23890] Baixa da Moaçor, Ponta Delgada, São Miguel Island, depth 18-20 meters. Holotype: MCM 777. Paratypes: BMNH 1981.2.2.87-93 (9); MCM 580 (1), 699 (1), 708 (1), 719 (2), 765 (1), 772-776 (1, 1, 3, 4, 3), 952 (2); MMF 29360-61 (1, 1); MNHN 1998-484-485 (1, 1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 57803-04 (1, 1). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Centrolabrus caeruleus Azevedo 1999 -- (Azevedo et al. 1999:27 [ref. 24536], Parenti & Randall 2000:7 [ref. 24943], Kuiter 2010:97 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Symphodus caeruleus (Azevedo 1999) -- (Almada 2002:85 [ref. 32994], Carneiro et al. 2019:284 [ref. 37250]). Current status: Valid as Symphodus caeruleus (Azevedo 1999). Labridae. Distribution: Northeastern Atlantic: Azores endemic. Habitat: marine.

caeruleus, Crenilabrus Risso [A.] 1827:316, Pl. 10 (fig. 25) [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:36-37 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Symphodus melanocercus (Risso 1810) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:438 [ref. 7204] as coeruleus, Parenti & Randall 2000:41 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus melanocercus (Risso 1810). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleus, Frontilabrus Randall [J. E.] & Condé [B.] 1989:90, Figs. 1-3 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 15 (no. 3) [for 1988]; ref. 9294] Maldives, Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BPBM 31976. •Valid as Frontilabrus caeruleus Randall & Condé 1989 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:18 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:197 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Frontilabrus caeruleus Randall & Condé 1989. Labridae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Maldives endemic. Habitat: marine.

caeruleus, Gomphosus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:100, 101, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] No locality stated (is Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean). Syntypes: MNHN B-2134 (2, dry), B-2135 (1, dry), B-8237 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:42 [ref. 19171]. Based on 'Elops, totus intense caeruleus; rostro subulato, capite et operculis branchiostegis, alepidotis' in description and illustration in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:108, 109 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473]. •Valid as Gomphosus caeruleus Lacepède 1801 -- (Dor 1984:201 [ref. 29757] as coeruleus, Randall 1986:693 [ref. 5706], Winterbottom et al. 1989:53 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:316 [ref. 15987], Goren & Dor 1994:54 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:277 [ref. 22896], Fricke 1999:411 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:18 [ref. 24943], Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377] as a subspecies, Bernardi et al. 2004:371 [ref. 27454] as caerulaeus, Heemstra et al. 2004:3325 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:343 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:410 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:337 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:85 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:221 [ref. 30463], Kuiter 2010:210 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:666 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2018:282 [ref. 35805], Arndt & Fricke 2019:19 [ref. 36883], Zajonz et al. 2019:89 [ref. 36871], Randall & Victor 2022:198 [ref. 39916] with subspecies, Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Gomphosus caeruleus Lacepède 1801. Labridae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yenen), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Andaman Sea and western Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

caeruleus, Sparus Shaw [G.] 1803:432 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Martinique Island, West Indies. No types known. Unneeded new name for Sparus holocyaneos Lacepède 1802. •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Current status: Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

californicus, Halichoeres Günther [A.] 1861:386 [5] [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 8 (no. 47); ref. 1967] Monterey, California, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 706-707 (2, 1). On p. 5 of separate. Replacement name for Julis modestus Girard 1854. •Valid as Oxyjulis californica (Günther 1861) -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:236 [ref. 9277], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:201 [ref. 24545], De la Cruz-Agüero & Cota-Gómez 1998:357 [ref. 23520], Parenti & Randall 2000:33 [ref. 24943], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:125 [ref. 25206], Allen & Groce 2001:131 [ref. 25750], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:136 [ref. 37547], Kuiter 2010:225 [ref. 35285], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Kells et al. 2016:266 [ref. 35888], Burton & Lea 2019:81 [ref. 37205]). •Valid as Halichoeres californicus Günther 1861 -- (Wainwright et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35725] as californica, Love et al. 2021:176 [ref. 39279]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Halichoeres californicus Günther 1861. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico); Bahia Concepcion (Gulf of California, Mexico). Habitat: marine.

californiensis, Pseudoscarus Pellegrin [J.] 1901:163 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 14764] La Paz Bay, Baja California, Mexico, Gulf of California. Syntypes: MNHN 1900-0124 (1), 1901-0247 (1, dry), 1901-0248 (1, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:299 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caliophthalmus, Labrus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:37 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:23 [ref. 3595]. •Questionably a synonym of Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:43 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:102 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

callyodon, Perca Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:354 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated. No types known. •Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti 2003:498 [ref. 27322]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

calophthalmus, Cheilinus Günther [A.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:90, Pl. 11 (fig. 4) [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.3.9.313 (skin). Spelled callophthalmus in list of fishes (p. xi). •Synonym of Cheilinus oxycephalus Bleeker 1854 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:8 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:183 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilinus oxycephalus Bleeker 1854. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

calus, Scarus Fowler [H. W.] 1904:542, Pl. 21 (lower fig.) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 1367] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 27735. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:150 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:28 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:287 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

canariensis, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] 1838:[68], Pl. 17 (fig. 2) [Ichthyologie des îles Canaries v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 4502] Canary Islands. Syntypes: MNHN A-8221 to 8223 (1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:292 [ref. 20736]. Dates to Pl. 17 in Oct. 1838, p. 68 published in 1843. •Synonym of Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Monod 1973:444 [ref. 7193], Randall 1990:884 [ref. 19149], Parenti & Randall 2000:61 [ref. 24943], Rocha et al. 2012:61 [ref. 31733]). Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caninus, Crenilabrus Lowe [R. T.] 1839:84 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Off Madeira. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. May have appeared earlier in Lowe 1838 [date uncertain], p. 186 [ref. 2831]. •Synonym of Pseudolepidaplois scrofa (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:434 [ref. 7204], Quignard & Pras in Whitehead et al. 1986:929 [ref. 13676]). •Synonym of Bodianus scrofa (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Gomon & Forsyth 1990:869 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:7 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:37 [ref. 28730]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus scrofa (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caninus, Lachnolaimus Cuvier [G.] (ex Parra) 1829:257 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Locality not stated [Havana, Cuba]. No types known. Non-types: MNHN A-8216 (1, dry) Bauchot's holotype, A-7391 (1), 4812 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:102 [ref. 19171] with types in MNHN, but original description does not involve MNHN types. Available from footnote as, "L. caninus, N., Parra, pl. iii, f. 2." [Parra 1787:4, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [ref. 6840] 'Perro']. New name for Lutianus perro Bloch & Schneider 1801. Appeared later in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:286 [ref. 1007]. •Synonym of Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:28 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum 1792). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caninus, Scarus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:63 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Unidentifiable species -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:63 [ref. 24943]). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

canis, Trochocopus Philippi [R. A.] 1887:570 [38], Pl. 7 (fig. 3) [Anales de la Universidad de Chile v. 71 (sec. 1); ref. 3464] Iquique, Valparaíso, Chile. Holotype (unique): DBCUCH. On p. 38 of separate. •Synonym of Semicossyphus darwini (Jenyns 1842) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:38 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Bodianus darwini (Jenyns 1842). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus darwini (Jenyns 1842). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cantori, Julis (Halichoeres) Bleeker [P.] 1861:70 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 12; ref. 12601] Penang, Malaysia. Syntypes (and/or Cantor specimens): BMNH 2004.3.19.383 (right half skin), 2004.11.5.8 (1). Based on Julis mola of Cantor, not Cuvier; no description. •Synonym of Halichoeres bicolor (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:19 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres bicolor (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cantori, Pseudoscarus Bleeker [P.] 1861:240 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 12; ref. 381] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia; Sumatra; Singapore; Sulawesi; Batjan; Ambon; Timor. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1862.2.28.3 (1); ?NMV 45945 (1), RMNH 6677 (4) and 6677a (1). Also in Bleeker 1862:43, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [ref. 4858]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

capistratoides, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1847:162 [Natuur-en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neȇrlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 314] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ?RMNH 6676. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1862.2.28.7 (1). Also in Bleeker 1849:50 [ref. 317]. •Synonym of Scarus japanensis Bloch 1789 -- (Randall & Nelson 1979:210 [ref. 19975], Randall et al. 1990:353 [ref. 15987]). •Valid as Scarus capistratoides Bleeker 1849 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:11 [ref. 5412]). •Valid as Chlorurus capistratoides (Bleeker 1847) -- (Bellwood 1994:66 [ref. 19116], Anderson et al. 1998:26 [ref. 23611], Parenti & Randall 2000:52 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Bellwood 2001:3476 [ref. 26278] dated 1849, Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:160 [ref. 27510], Satapoomin 2009:234 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:731 [ref. 31980], Psomadakis et al. 2020:528 [ref. 37272], Randall 2022:270 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Chlorurus capistratoides (Bleeker 1847). Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Mascarenes (Mauritius) and Maldives east to Philippines and Samoa. Habitat: marine.

capistratus, Labrus Pallas [P. S.] 1814:269 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Off Feodosia, Crimea. •Synonym of Crenilabrus roissali (Risso 1810) -- (Parin et al. 2014:379 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Symphodus roissali (Risso 1810) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:440 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:42 [ref. 24943], Parin 2003:S18 [ref. 28536]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus roissali (Risso 1810). Labridae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

capistratus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:239 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Java, Indonesia. •Unidentifiable species -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:63 [ref. 24943]). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

capitaneus, Scarus Cuvier [G.] 1829:265 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2473 (1, dry), 0000-2475 (1, dry), 0000-2476 (1, dry), B-2039 (1, dry), B-2040 (1, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:292 [ref. 20736] in part, with MNHN 2476 as holotype. Available from footnote as, "S. capitaneus, N., qui est à-la-fois de Sc. ennéacanthe, Lacép., IV, p. 6, et son Sc. denticulé..." Also in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:228 [ref. 4882]. •Synonym of Scarus enneacanthus Lacepède 1802 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:14 [ref. 5412]). •Synonym of Chlorurus enneacanthus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Fricke 1999:452 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:52 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:271 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Chlorurus enneacanthus (Lacepède 1802). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

carifanus, Xanothon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:6, Pl. 42 (fig. D) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] Shimoni, Kenya, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 71. Paratypes: not researched. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Randall & Ormond 1978:242 [ref. 21371], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

carneoflava, Novacula (Xirichthys) Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1877:843 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876; ref. 3454] Dana Island [? Fiji]. Holotype: ZMB 9502. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

carneus, Labrus Ascanius [P.] 1772:6, Pl. 13 [Icones rerum naturalium, ou figures enluminées d'histoire naturelle du Nord; ref. 5115] Near Lindersnes, Norway. No types known. See discussion of Opinion 1954 under Labrus mixtus. Also appeared in Müller 1776:46 [ref. 17808]. •Synonym of Labrus bimaculatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:426 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:875 [ref. 19219]). •Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:28 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

carolinus, Callyodon Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:291 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-0560. Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:290 [ref. 20736]. Bruce & Randall 1985:11 [ref. 5234] act as first revisers selecting carolinus over 2 other species described by Valenciennes at the same time. •Synonym of Calotomus viridescens (Rüppell 1835) -- (Heemstra 2004:3338 [ref. 27945] with genus as Calatomus, Allen & Erdmann 2012:729 [ref. 31980]). •Valid as Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Bruce & Randall 1985:8 [ref. 5234], Randall 1986:707 [ref. 5706], Choat & Randall 1986:192 [ref. 8099], Winterbottom et al. 1989:57 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:343 [ref. 15987], Allen & Robertson 1994:209 [ref. 22193], Bellwood 1994:63 [ref. 19116], Bellwood in Fischer et al. 1995:1421 [ref. 22830], Randall 1995:293 [ref. 22896], Randall et al. 1997:343 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:208 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:450 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:745 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:23 [ref. 25829], Parenti & Randall 2000:51 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1014 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:375 [ref. 25191], Thomson et al. 2000:191 [ref. 25640], Randall & Earle 2000:18 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:114 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3473 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1014 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S116 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495] dated 1839, Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:158 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:137 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:446 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:450 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1426 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:359 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:90 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:233 [ref. 30463], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:175 [ref. 31256], Page et al. 2013:159 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:267 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:140 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988], Fourriére et al. 2016:448 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:80 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:295 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:167 [ref. 40104], Clua & Planes 2019:285 [ref. 37091], Fricke et al. 2019:240 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36871], Love et al. 2021:176 [ref. 39279], Randall 2022:291 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:231 [ref. 40522], Zajonz et al. 2023:321 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Gulf of Aden, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Pitcairn, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, and Tonga; eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico), Revillagigedo Archipelago (Mexico), Clipperton Atoll (France), and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

carolinus, Labrus Bonnaterre [J. P.] 1788:113 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Carolina, U.S.A. Unnecessary replacement name for Labrus hiatula Linnaeus 1766. •Synonym of Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:43 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

carpenteri, Paracheilinus Randall [J. E.] & Lubbock [R.] 1981:(20) 24, Pl. 2 (figs. A-B) [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 28 (no. 1); ref. 5544] Eastern side off marine laboratory of Univ. of San Carlos, Mactan Island, east of Cebu, Philippines, depth 40 meters. Holotype: BPBM 22424. Paratypes: AMS I.20697-001 (1); ANSP 140166 (1); BMNH 1979.1.3.4 (1); BPBM 21156 (2), 22116 (1), 22465 (10); CAS 42523 (1); MNHN 1978-0766 (1); USNM 219334 (12); ZUMT 54166 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:117 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Paracheilinus carpenteri Randall & Lubbock 1981 -- (Randall 1988:222 [ref. 14253], Myers 1999:193 [ref. 23965], Kuiter & Allen 1999:120 [ref. 24141], Randall 1999:31 [ref. 25148], Parenti & Randall 2000:33 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1007 [ref. 25182], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:1007 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Randall & Allen 2003:106 [ref. 27244], Randall et al. 2004:22 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Allen & Erdmann 2006:14 [ref. 29404], Allen & Erdmann 2008:188 [ref. 29498], Motomura et al. 2010:170 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:114 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:705 [ref. 31980], Allen et al. 2013:199 [ref. 32955], Allen et al. 2016:45 [ref. 34238]). Current status: Valid as Paracheilinus carpenteri Randall & Lubbock 1981. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: southern Japan and Ryukyu Islands to Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

carudse, Sparus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:49, 148 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Norway (eastern North Atlantic). Type catalog: Bauchot & Daget 1972:87 [ref. 20898]. •Synonym of Ctenolabrus rupestris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:432 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:16 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Ctenolabrus rupestris (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

castaneus, Chaerojulis Kner [R.] & Steindachner [F.] 1867:394 [39] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 54 (pt 3); ref. 2640] Upolu, Samoa. On p. 39 of separate. •Synonym of Labrichthys unilineatus (Guichenot 1847) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:26 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Labrichthys unilineatus (Guichenot 1847). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

casturi, Julis (Halichoeres) Bleeker [P.] 1853:768 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 335] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Stethojulis trilineata (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:40 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Stethojulis trilineata (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

casturi, Stethojulis Günther [A.] 1881:255 [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 4 (no. 15); ref. 14286] Oceania: Palau, Yap, and Futuna. Syntypes: BMNH 1874.11.19.55 (1), 1876.5.19.59 (1). Illustration published in Günther 1909: Pl. 141 (fig. A) [ref. 14377]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Stethojulis by Julis casturi Bleeker 1853. •Synonym of Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker 1851) -- (Randall 2000:13 [ref. 24432]). •Synonym of Stethojulis trilineata (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:40 [ref. 24943]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Stethojulis trilineata (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

catesby, Scarus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:4, 16 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Carolina, U.S.A. Spelled catesbaei by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:183 [ref. 4882]. •Synonym of Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:61 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre 1788). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

catesby, Sparus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:42, 136 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Carolinas, U.S.A. Type catalog: Bauchot & Daget 1972:87 [ref. 20898]. •Synonym of Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:302 [ref. 25013] as catesbyi). Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre 1788). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caudalis, Julis Poey [F.] 1860:213 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. No types known. •Valid as Iridio caudalis (Poey 1860) -- (Kuiter 2010:216 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres caudalis (Poey 1860) -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:399 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:203 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:155 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:347 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:411 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221], Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2003:1721 [ref. 27105], Nelson et al. 2004:155 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:515 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres caudalis (Poey 1860). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

caudavittatus, Labrichthys Steindachner [F.] 1898:199 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 35 (no. 19) (for 14July 1898); ref. 20495] Suez fish market, As-Suways, Suez Governorate, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Lectotype: NMW 27627 (largest, 100.5 mm SL). Paralectotypes: NMW 27627 (4 of 5). Species originally spelled as caudavittatus, spelling later appeared as caudovittatus in journal article with illustration and further description (Steindachner 1898:783, pl. 1 (fig. 3) [ref. 14693]). Lectotype selected Russell 1985:11 [ref. 5235]. •Valid as Suezichthys caudovittatus (Steindachner 1898) -- (Dor 1984:208 [ref. 29757], Russell 1985:10 [ref. 5235], Goren & Dor 1994:55 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:289 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:199 [ref. 23922]). •Valid as Suezichthys caudavittatus (Steindachner 1898) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:40 [ref. 24943], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Kuiter 2010:251 [ref. 35285], Russell & Westneat 2013:90 [ref. 32655], Golani & Fricke 2018:130 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:74 [ref. 37020], Randall & Victor 2022:253 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Suezichthys caudavittatus (Steindachner 1898). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Somalia, Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

caudimacula, Julis Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1834:710, Pl. 15 (fig. 2) [Voyage de découvertes de "l'Astrolabe" Zoologie, v. 3 (Pt 2); ref. 3573] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9282. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:50 [ref. 19171]. •Valid as Paracoris caudimacula (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) -- (Kuiter 2010:307 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Coris caudimacula (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) -- (Dor 1984:200 [ref. 29757], Randall 1986:692 [ref. 5706], Allen & Swainston 1988:114 [ref. 25477], Goren & Dor 1994:53 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:275 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:186 [ref. 23977], Randall 1999:20 [ref. 24043], Fricke 1999:408 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:48 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3325 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:343 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:408 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1385 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:336 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:85 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2018:281 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:124 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:89 [ref. 36871], Durville et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38802], Fricke & Durville 2021:33 [ref. 38902], Randall & Victor 2022:192 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Coris caudimacula (Quoy & Gaimard 1834). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to western Indonesia and northwestern Australia (south to Shark Bay). Habitat: marine.

caudofasciatus, Pseudoscarus Günther [A.] 1862:238 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1840.12.12.24 (dry). •Valid as Scarus caudofasciatus (Günther 1862) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:12 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:213 [ref. 29757], Randall 1986:712 [ref. 5706], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Goren & Dor 1994:57 [ref. 25356], Fricke 1999:455 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:461 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2009:91 [ref. 30213], Caratini & Soriano 2011:65 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:737 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2018:297 [ref. 35805], Psomadakis et al. 2020:530 [ref. 37272], Durville et al. 2021:314 [ref. 38802], Randall 2022:279 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Scarus caudofasciatus (Günther 1862). Labridae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (East Africa), Amirantes (Seychelles), Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Maldives, Andaman Islands (India), Myanmar and west coast of Thailand. Habitat: marine.

cauteroma, Choerodon Gomon [M. F.] & Allen [G. R.] 1987:25 [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 17668] Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia. Holotype: WAM P.25508-042. Paratypes: AMS I.26373-001 (2); BPBM 30944 (1); CSIRO H 659-01 (1); NMV A3819 (4); WAM P.24259-001 (1), P.25095-038 (6), P.25372-001 (3); USNM 280629 (2). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:32 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:35 [ref. 30117].. •Valid as Choerodon cauteroma Gomon & Allen 1987 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:114 [ref. 25477], Allen 1997:186 [ref. 23977], Parenti & Randall 2000:9 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1378 [ref. 29095], Kuiter 2010:57 [ref. 35285], Larson et al. 2013:165 [ref. 32988], Gomon 2017:9, 18 [ref. 35547]). Current status: Valid as Choerodon cauteroma Gomon & Allen 1987. Labridae. Distribution: Australia: Western Australia and Arafura Sea. Habitat: marine.

celebica, Novacula Bleeker [P.] 1856:61 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1 (6); ref. 352] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Syntypes: (3). •Valid as Xyrichtys celebicus (Bleeker 1856) -- (Myers 1999:195 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3403 [ref. 26277], Kuiter 2010:382 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius celebicus (Bleeker 1856) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:395 [ref. 26445], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:419 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:440 [ref. 28379], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:343 [ref. 28867], Randall 2007:351 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:168 [ref. 31256], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:690 [ref. 31980], Koeda et al. 2016:77 [ref. 35333]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius celebicus (Bleeker 1856). Labridae. Distribution: Western and Central Pacific: Indonesia east to Hawaiian Islands and Cook Islands, south to Middleton Reef, Chesterfield Islands and Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia). Habitat: marine.

celebicus, Cheilinus Bleeker [P.] 1853:171 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 16912] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): SMNS 10602. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1862.2.28.94 or 97 (1), RMNH 6559 (1), ZMB 2662 (1). Type catalog: Fricke 1991:15 [ref. 13474], Fricke 2005:44 [ref. 29864]. •Valid as Cheilinus celebicus Bleeker 1853 -- (Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:213 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:1008 [ref. 25182], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Nakabo 2002:1008 [ref. 26193], Kuiter 2010:179 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Oxycheilinus celebicus (Bleeker 1853) -- (Allen 1997:180 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:192 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:32 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:365 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:114 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2003:361 [ref. 27177], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:154 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:22 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:427 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1404 [ref. 29095], Satapoomin 2009:228 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:703 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:136 [ref. 33932], Fukui et al. 2016:[1] [ref. 35080], Fricke et al. 2019:235 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Oxycheilinus celebicus (Bleeker 1853). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: eastern Andaman Sea east to Marshall Islands and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Japan, south to Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

celebicus, Julis (Julis) Bleeker [P.] 1855:313 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 16847] Manado, Sulawesi [Celebes], Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1862.2.28.76. •Synonym of Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:46 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

celebicus, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1854:253 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 345] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Scarus sordidus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:31 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:221 [ref. 8099]). •Synonym of Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:53 [ref. 24943], Kottelat 2013:380 [ref. 32989], Miesen et al. 2016:91 [ref. 34492]). Current status: Synonym of Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål 1775). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

celidotus, Labrus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Forster) 1801:265 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] New Zealand. No types known. •Valid as Notolabrus celidotus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Russell 1988:18 [ref. 12549], Paulin et al. 1989:208 [ref. 24556], Paulin & Roberts 1992:158 [ref. 24625], Parenti & Randall 2000:31 [ref. 24943], Kuiter 2010:240 [ref. 35285]). Current status: Valid as Notolabrus celidotus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

cenderawasih, Cirrhilabrus Allen [G. R.] & Erdmann [M. V.] 2006:126, Figs. 1-3 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 28874] Palau Kubur, 2°59.867'S, 135°03.337'E, Cenderawasih Bay, Irian Jaya, Barat Province, Indonesia. Holotype: NCIP 6308. Paratypes: AMS I.43830-001 (1); BPBM 40414 (1); USNM385876 (1); WAM P32772-001 (2). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:36 [ref. 30117]. Name after locality, a noun in apposition. •Valid as Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih Allen & Erdmann 2006 -- (Allen et al. 2008:131 [ref. 29752], Kuiter 2010:133 [ref. 35285], Parenti & Randall 2011:33 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:652 [ref. 31980], Allen et al. 2015:3 [ref. 33787], Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271], Allen et al. 2024:1296 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih Allen & Erdmann 2006. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Cenderawasih Bay, West Papua (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

centiquadrus, Labrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:437, 493, 499 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Madagascar; Mauritius; Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: (dry) MNHN B-2138 to B-2143 (2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:80-81 [ref. 19171]. Misspelled centriquadrus in literature. •Valid as Halichoeres centiquadrus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Dor 1984:202 [ref. 29757], Chen et al. 1997:135 [ref. 26476] dated 1802) . •Synonym of Hemitautoga hortulana (Lacepède 1801) -- (Kuiter 2010:302 [ref. 35285]). •Synonym of Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Randall 1986:695 [ref. 5706], Randall et al. 1990:317 [ref. 15987], Fricke 1999:413 [ref. 24106] as hortulans, Parenti & Randall 2000:21 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3434 [ref. 26277], Randall 2005:412 [ref. 28239], Golani & Fricke 2018:125 [ref. 36273], Randall & Victor 2022:202 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

centralis, Coris Randall [J. E.] 1999:21, Pls. V (C, D), XVII (D) [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 29; ref. 24043] Outside reef about 200 meters northwest of entrance to English Harbor, Tabuaeran [= Fanning Island], Line Islands, central Pacific, depth 4.5 meters. Holotype: BPBM 7796. Paratypes: AMS I.39082-001 (1); BPBM 7779 (1), 7801 (1), 31893 (1), 31907 (1); CAS 206847 (1); MNHN 1999-0440 (1); NSMT-P 57099 (1); ROM 71837 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 60028 (1); USNM 355251 (1). •Valid as Coris centralis Randall 1999 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:15 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:405 [ref. 28239], Mundy et al. 2010:60 [ref. 31155], Fricke & Durville 2021:32 [ref. 38902]). Current status: Valid as Coris centralis Randall 1999. Labridae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Line Islands. Habitat: marine.

cepedianus, Gomphosus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:18 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Hawaiian Islands; Tahiti, Society Islands, South Pacific; Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Syntypes: MNHN A-9213 (1) Tahiti, A-9214 (1) Caroline Is., A-9215 (1) Hawaiian Is. Type information: Bauchot 1963:41 [ref. 19171]. Based on "gomphose Lacépède" = Gomphosus tricolor Quoy & Gaimard 1824 and on specimens. •Synonym of Gomphosus varius Lacepède 1801 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:18 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:438 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Gomphosus varius Lacepède 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cephalotaenia, Novacula Bleeker [P.] 1854:333 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 343] Larantuka, Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:32 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cephalotes, Chaerops Castelnau [F. L.] 1875:39 [Official Record, containing Introduction, Catalogues, Official Awards of the Commissioners, Report and Recommendations of the Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria.; ref. 768] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown, not at MNHN. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:22 [ref. 19171]. •Valid as Choerodon cephalotes (Castelnau 1875) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:114 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:306 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:271 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:180 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:272 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:306 [ref. 25919], Johnson 1999:743 [ref. 25471], Parenti & Randall 2000:9 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3419 [ref. 26277], Allen et al. 2006:1378 [ref. 29095], Kuiter 2010:53 [ref. 35285], Larson et al. 2013:165 [ref. 32988], Gomon 2017:9, 20 [ref. 35547]). Current status: Valid as Choerodon cephalotes (Castelnau 1875). Labridae. Distribution: Northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

ceramensis, Cheilinus Bleeker [P.] 1852:290 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 16825] Wahai, northern Ceram, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2). •Synonym of Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:32 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:426 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:326 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cerasina, Pseudojulis Snyder [J. O.] 1904:528 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 [1902]; ref. 4149] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50877. Some references refer to Pseudojuloides splendens and Pseudojuloides polynesica [ref. 35692]. •Valid as Pseudojuloides cerasinus (Snyder 1904) -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:208 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:701 [ref. 5706], Ayling & Russell 1977:172 [ref. 7228], Randall et al. 1990:332 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:292 [ref. 23929], Ho et al. 1993:9 [ref. 22789], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:204 [ref. 22193], Kuiter & Randall 1995:110 [ref. 21618], Randall et al. 1997:332 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:201 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:429 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:36 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:988 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:368 [ref. 25191], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:988 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:636 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:74 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:433 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:445 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1408 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:340 [ref. 30952], Kuiter 2010:333 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:715 [ref. 31980], Victor et al. 2013:560 [ref. 32724], Victor & Randall 2014:9 [ref. 33308], Condell et al. 2015:56 [ref. 33720], Victor & Edward 2015:48 [ref. 33835], Victor & Edward 2016:66 [ref. 34490], Victor 2017:25 [ref. 35692]). Current status: Valid as Pseudojuloides cerasinus (Snyder 1904). Labridae. Distribution: Northern-central Pacific: Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) endemic. Habitat: marine.

ceruleus, Labricthys Saville-Kent [W.] 1897:174, Fig. 28 (no. 17) [The naturalist in Australia; ref. 18385] Tasmania. No types known. Original genus should have been Labrichthys. Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Saville-Kent 1888:47. •Synonym of Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:31 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1402 [ref. 29095] with wrong reference). Current status: Synonym of Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cettii, Labrus Rafinesque [C. S.] (ex Cetti) 1810:23, 54 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sardinia Island, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Neotype: CFM-IEOMA 7433. Based on Cetti 1777:122 [ref. 18872]. Neotype selected by Ramírez-Amaro et al. 2021:15 [ref. 38684]. •Synonym of Coris julis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:15 [ref. 24943], Parenti 2019:102 [ref. 37117], Ramírez-Amaro et al. 2021:10 [ref. 38684]). Current status: Synonym of Coris julis (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chabrolii, Crenilabrus Lesson [R. P.] 1829:(133), Poissons Pl. 38 [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Tombeau Bay, Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Lectotype: MNHN A-7418. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:33 [ref. 19171] with a holotype (but original with specimens from 2 localities); lectotype designated by Eschmeyer 1998:355 [ref. 23416]. Dates to plate which appeared on 30 May 1829; description dated to 13 Oct. 1831 (Cretella 2010 [ref. 34236]). •Objective synonym of Crenilabrus croceus Lesson 1828. •Synonym of Bodianus macrourus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Fricke 1999:398 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:6 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:85 [ref. 28730], Randall & Victor 2022:178 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus macrourus (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chadri, Scarus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:2, 12 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Arabia. •Questionably a synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chaliasi, Cirrhilabrus Tea [Y.-K.], Allen [G. R.] & Dailami [M.] 2021:Figs. [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 109 (no. 3); ref. 38573] Bali, Indonesia. Holotype. Paratypes: (9) •Valid as Cirrhilabrus chaliasi Tea, Allen & Dailami 2021. Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus chaliasi Tea, Allen & Dailami 2021. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Bali, Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

chameleon, Scarus Choat [J. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 1986:199, Pls. 3 (figs. C-D), 9 (figs. D-H) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 38 (no. 4); ref. 8099] Eastern Sumilon Island, off southeast Cebu, Philippines, depth 20 meters. Holotype: BPBM 22177. Paratypes: AMS I.21997-001 (1), I.15470-001 (1), I.20572-014 (1); BPBM (9 lots, 11); BMNH 1984.4.17.41 (1); CAS 54884 (1); MNHN 1984-0418 (1); NSMT-P 23034 (1); NTM S11158-001 (1); QM I.14902 (1), I.16006 (1); USNM 266381 (2); WAM P.28275-001 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:34 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:37 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Scarus chameleon Choat & Randall 1986 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:122 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:346 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:310 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Allen 1997:198 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:346 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:210 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1021 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:378 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Bellwood 2001:3481 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1021 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Liao et al. 2004:531 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:453 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1430 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:176 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:738 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2019:243 [ref. 36673], Dewa et al. 2022:24 [ref. 40001]). Current status: Valid as Scarus chameleon Choat & Randall 1986. Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Philippines, Palau and Fiji, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (Japan), south to Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

cheilio, Chelinus Commerson [P.] in Lacepède 1802:433 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Appeared in footnote in the account of Cheilio auratus; regarded as not available -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:64 [ref. 24943]). See ICZN Opinion 89. Suppressed. Labridae.

chierchiae, Halichoeres Di Caporiacco [L.] 1948:205, Fig. 3 [Bollettino di Pesca, Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia Yr. 23 [v. 2, N.S.]; ref. 721] Gulf of Panama, (Pacific) Panama. No types known. Type catalog: Vanni 1991:226 [ref. 20099]. •Valid as Iridio chierchiae (Di Caporiacco 1948) -- (Kuiter 2010:220 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres chierchiae Di Caporiacco 1948 -- (Bussing 1987:95 [ref. 21800], Allen & Robertson 1994:199 [ref. 22193], Gomon in Fischer et al. 1995:1210 [ref. 22830], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:198 [ref. 24545], Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943], Thomson et al. 2000:178 [ref. 25640], Victor et al. 2001:282 [ref. 25613], Baldwin & McCosker 2001:93 [ref. 25779], Béarez et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27826], Nelson et al. 2004:155 [ref. 27807] dating to 1947, Love et al. 2005:136 [ref. 37547] dating to 1947, Rocha et al. 2010:26 [ref. 30767], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:448 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Wainwright et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35725], Love et al. 2021:176 [ref. 39279], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres chierchiae Di Caporiacco 1948. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Colombia, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

chinensis, Labrus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:287 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Asia. Holotype (unique): ZMUU Linn. Coll. 194. Type catalog: Wheeler 1991:178, Fig. 17 [ref. 20102]. •Synonym of Centrolabrus exoletus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:7 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Centrolabrus exoletus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chinensis, Pseudoscarus Steindachner [F.] 1867:585 [Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 55 (pts 4-5); ref. 4213] Ningbo [Ningpo], Zhejiang Province, China. Holotype (unique): NMW 78633. •Valid as Scarus chinensis (Steindachner 1867) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Valid as Scarus chinensis (Steindachner 1867). Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

chloris, Scarus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Parra) 1801:289 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Locality not stated [Havana, Cuba]. No types known. Based on the 'Vieja (No. 3)' of Parra 1787:59, Pl. 28 (fig. 4) [ref. 6840]. •Synonym of Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chlorocephalus, Halichoeres Kuiter [R. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 1995:110, Figs. 5-8 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 21 (no. 3/4) [for 1994]; ref. 21618] Lagoon off Nagada Harbor, coral patch next to wreck of "Coral Queen", Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, depth 28 meters. Holotype: BPBM 35401. Paratypes: AMS I.34555-001 (1); BPBM 32573-74 (1, 1); USNM 328142 (1). •Valid as Hemiulis chlorocephala (Kuiter & Randall 1995) -- (Kuiter 2010:267 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres chlorocephalus Kuiter & Randall 1995 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943], Allen 2000:112 [ref. 25868], Westneat 2001:3401 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830], Allen & Erdmann 2012:669 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:131 [ref. 33932]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres chlorocephalus Kuiter & Randall 1995. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Papua New Guinea and New Britain. Habitat: marine.

chlorocephalus, Labrus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:254 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): ZMB 2619. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:89 [ref. 24282]. •Synonym of Stethojulis interrupta (Bleeker 1851) -- (Randall & Parenti 1999:31 [ref. 24276], Randall 2000:16 [ref. 24432], Parenti & Randall 2000:39 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:251 [ref. 39916]). •Nomen oblitum -- (Randall & Parenti 1999:31 [ref. 24276], Randall 2000:16 [ref. 24432]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Uncertain as Stethojulis interrupta (Bleeker 1851). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chlorodon, Scarus Jenyns [L.] 1842:105, Pl. 21 [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; ref. 2344] Cocos-Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1918.1.31.12 (skin in spirit). •Synonym of Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:26 [ref. 5412], Randall et al. 1990:345 [ref. 15987], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:452 [ref. 28239], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chlorodus, Labrus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:80 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] No locality. No types known. •Synonym of Choerodon anchorago (Bloch 1791) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:9 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2017:89 [ref. 35547]). Current status: Synonym of Choerodon anchorago (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chlorolepis, Calliodon Richardson [J.] 1845:137, Pl. 64 (figs. 4-7) [Ichthyology.--Part 3. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur.; ref. 20575] Hong Kong, China. Syntypes: BMNH 1847.5.10.14 (1). Type information: Whitehead 1970:216 [ref. 11606]. Based on Reeves drawing and a specimen. •Synonym of Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Bruce & Randall 1985:24 [ref. 5234] with a holotype, Choat & Randall 1986:194 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:54 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chloromelas, Pseudoscarus Günther [A.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:109, Pl. 15 (fig. 1) [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.3.9.327 (skin). •Synonym of Scarus cyanescens Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:13 [ref. 5412]). •Synonym of Chlorurus cyanescens (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Anderson 1997:162 [ref. 23281], Parenti & Randall 2000:52 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:271 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Chlorurus cyanescens (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chlorophthalmus, Labrus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:40 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:22 [ref. 3595] as Labrus chlorophtalmus. •Questionably a synonym of Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:43 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:102 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chloropterus, Labrus Bloch [M. E.] 1791:151, Pl. 288 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 5; ref. 4867] Japan [actual probably Indian Ocean]. Syntypes: ZMB 2620 (1) Indian Ocean, 8585 (1, dry, missing). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:89 [ref. 24282]. On p. 121 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 8 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Hemicoris chloropterus (Bloch 1791) -- (Kuiter 2010:306 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres chloropterus (Bloch 1791) -- (Randall et al. 1990:317 [ref. 15987], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:482 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:190 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:317 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:197 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:628 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:358 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:113 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:103 [ref. 26368], Westneat 2001:3433 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:149 [ref. 27510], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Barber & Bellwood 2005:249 [ref. 35318], Allen et al. 2006:1390 [ref. 29095], Satapoomin 2009:222 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:670 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:131 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:228 [ref. 36673], Motomura in Motomura et al. 2021:54 [ref. 38121]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres chloropterus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Andaman Sea east to Philippines, New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Solomon Islands, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

chlorosochrus, Lutjanus Risso [A.] 1810:275, Pl. 8 (fig. 27) [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:36 [ref. 19171], Bauchot et al. 1981:35 [ref. 21549]. Spelled Crenilabrus chlorosochrus in Risso 1827:479 [ref. 3757]. •Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:41 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chlorostigma, Anampses Valenciennes [A.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:9 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Red Sea. Based on a figure. •Synonym of Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell 1829 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:3 [ref. 24943], Russell & Craig 2013:84 [ref. 32948], Randall & Victor 2022:170 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell 1829. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chlorourus, Sparus Bloch [M. E.] 1791:24, Pl. 260 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 5; ref. 4867] Japan. Lectotype: ZMB 8159 (right skin). Paralectotypes: ZMB 1661 (1), 8592 (1, dry, missing). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:92 [ref. 24282]. On p. 21 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 8 [ref. 21381]. Spelled chlorurus in Bloch & Schneider 1801:269 [ref. 471]. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:92 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch 1791) -- (Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:212 [ref. 6441] as chlorurus, Randall 1986:689 [ref. 5706], Allen & Swainston 1988:112 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:52 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:301 [ref. 15987], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:475 [ref. 27969] as chlorurus, Allen 1997:178 [ref. 23977] as chlorurus, Chen et al. 1997:137 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:274 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:301 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:189 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:400 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:743 [ref. 25471], Parenti & Randall 2000:8 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:628 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1008 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:352 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:202 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:17 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:112 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:103 [ref. 26368] as chlorurus, Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841] as chlorurus, Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3413 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:1008 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:48 [ref. 26830] as chlorurus, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:634 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:145 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:73 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:21 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3325 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:395 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1376 [ref. 29095], Fricke et al. 2009:84 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:219 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:161 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:174 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:642 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:265 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:164 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:127 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:73 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:181 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:278 [ref. 35805], Satapoomin in Kimura et al. 2018:228 [ref. 36460], Arndt & Fricke 2019:18 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:224 [ref. 36673], Pradhan et al. 2019:247 [ref. 36919], Zajonz et al. 2019:106 [ref. 36871] as cf. chlorourus, Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 19 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:523 [ref. 37272], Motomura in Motomura et al. 2021:52 [ref. 38121], Wada et al. 2021:44 [ref. 38521], Dewa et al. 2022:22 [ref. 40001], Randall & Victor 2022:182 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa (Mozambique, tanzania, Kenya), Seychelles, Mozambique Channel and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Wake Atoll, Marquesas Islands and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia), north to Amami Islands and Osumi Islands (southern Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Elizabeth and Middleton reefs, New Caledonia and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

choati, Macropharyngodon Randall [J. E.] 1978:761, Fig. 5d [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 28 (no. 4); ref. 7004] Outside reef off western side of One Tree Island, 23°30'S, 152°05'E, Capricorn Group, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, depth 90 feet. Holotype: BPBM 14359. Paratypes: AMS I.15468-001 (1), I.16635-001 (1), I.16862-001 (1), I.17654-002 (1), ?I.18568-001 (1); BMNH 1976.3.16.1 (1); BPBM 13444 (1); USNM 215259 (1). •Valid as Macropharyngodon choati Randall 1978 -- (Randall et al. 1990:328 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:282 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:184 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:290 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:328 [ref. 25919], Parenti & Randall 2000:30 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277], Allen et al. 2006:1399 [ref. 29095], Kuiter 2010:279 [ref. 35285], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2014:434 [ref. 33480]). Current status: Valid as Macropharyngodon choati Randall 1978. Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

choati, Sparisoma Rocha [L. A.], Brito [A.] & Robertson [D. R.] 2012:62, Figs. 1-2A, B [Zootaxa No. 3152; ref. 31733] Northeastern coast of São Tomé Island, dock near airport, 0°22'27"N, 6°43'03"E, Gulf of Guinea, depth 1 meter. Holotype: CAS 224080. Paratypes: CAS 214635 (1), 230969 (1); UF 179646 (4). •Valid as Sparisoma choati Rocha, Brito & Robertson 2012 -- (Wirtz et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32972], Westneat in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2739 [ref. 34618], Parenti & Randall 2018:24 [ref. 35964], Reiner 2019:240 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:290 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Sparisoma choati Rocha, Brito & Robertson 2012. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

chogset, Labrus Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:402, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Smith 1986:436 [ref. 22186], Parenti & Randall 2000:44 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

choirodon, Labrus Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in Bleeker 1862:162 [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises v. 1; ref. 4858] Not available, Kuhl and van Hasselt name mentioned in passing in the synonymy of Choerops macrodon -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:64 [ref. 24943]). Nomen Nudum. Labridae.

chrysocephalus, Anampses Randall [J. E.] 1958:100, Fig. 3 [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 48 (no. 3); ref. 12104] Between Kewalo basin and Koko Head, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands, depth 30-90 feet. Holotype: USNM 164465. Paratypes: BPBM 14195 [ex UH 2152] (1). •Valid as Anampses chrysocephalus Randall 1958 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:3 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:431 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:330 [ref. 30952], Kuiter 2010:344 [ref. 35285]). Current status: Valid as Anampses chrysocephalus Randall 1958. Labridae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

chrysophrus, Crenilabrus Risso [A.] 1827:319 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:36 [ref. 19171]. •An unidentifiable Symphodus -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:62 [ref. 24943]). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chrysopomus, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1847:163 [Natuur-en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neȇrlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 314] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Possible types: AMS B.8190 [from Day] (1); BMNH 1861.2.28.5 (1), 1862.2.28.58 (1); MNHN 0000-1739 (1), 0000-1740 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:293 [ref. 20736]. Also in Bleeker 1847:53 [ref. 317]. •Synonym of Scarus quoyi Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:286 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus quoyi Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chrysopterus, Scarus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:286, Pl. 57 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tropical western Atlantic. Holotype (unique): ? ZMB 7049. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:127-128 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:400 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:210 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:157 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:395 [ref. 23827], Bellwood 1994:65 [ref. 19116], Aguilera 1998:52 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:301 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:991 [ref. 25909], Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1736 [ref. 27105], Smith et al. 2003:46 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:157 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:541 [ref. 28815], Robertson et al. 2006:796 [ref. 31512], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:65 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961], Carneiro et al. 2019:288 [ref. 37250], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:82 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:215 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: southern Florida (U.S.A.) south to Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago, including eastern Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

chrysostoma, Labrus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:37 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:23 [ref. 3595]. •Questionably a synonym of Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:43 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:102 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chrysotaenia, Julis (Halichoeres) Bleeker [P.] 1853:488 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 336] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1862.2.28.122. •Synonym of Halichoeres melanurus (Bleeker 1851) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:22 [ref. 24943], Parenti & Randall 2011:34 [ref. 31299], Parenti & Randall 2018:23 [ref. 35964]). •Valid as Platyglossus chrysotaenia (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kuiter 2010:272 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres chrysotaenia (Bleeker 1853) -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830], Kuiter 2010:254 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:670 [ref. 31980], Motomura in Motomura et al. 2021:54 [ref. 38121]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres chrysotaenia (Bleeker 1853). Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives and Sri Lanka east to Myanmar, Thailand, Sumatra and Java (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

chrysotaenia, Leptojulis Randall [J. E.] & Ferraris [C. J., Jr.] 1981:91, Figs. 3-4 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 5492] Eastern side of Ko Pu Islet, Phuket, western coast of Thailand, depth 18 meters. Holotype: BPBM 22874. Paratypes: BPBM 26426 (1), USNM 226048 (1). •Valid as Leptojulis chrysotaenia Randall & Ferraris 1981 -- (Randall 1996:4 [ref. 22260], Parenti & Randall 2000:29 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830] dating to 1996, Allen & Erdmann 2012:698 [ref. 31980], Psomadakis et al. 2020:527 [ref. 37272], Randall & Victor 2022:224 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Leptojulis chrysotaenia Randall & Ferraris 1981. Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India and Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Andaman Sea and Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

chrysus, Halichoeres Randall [J. E.] 1981:416, Figs. 1-2 [Pacific Science v. 34 (no. 4) (for 1980); ref. 5542] Sandfly Passage, Florida Island, Solomon Islands, depth 7 meters. Holotype: BPBM 16151. Paratypes: AMS I.15682-028 (1); ANSP 144094 (2); BPBM 8671 (1), 9358 (1), 15591 (3), 15867 (1), 16088 (1), 17707 (1), 19121 (1), 19267 (2), 19617 (2), 22182 (1), 22224 (4), 22455 (3), 22959 (1); CAS 39124 (1); MNHN 1980-1309 [ex BPBM 9816] (1); SMBL-F 73386 (1); USNM 221623 (2); WAM P.26082-004 (3), P.26087-009 (4), P.26099-019 (1), P.2615-007 (1), P.26850 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:117 [ref. 13621], Hutchins & Smith 1991:33 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:36 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Biochoeres chrysus (Randall 1981) -- (Kuiter 2010:287 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres chrysus Randall 1981 -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:209 [ref. 6441], Randall et al. 1990:317 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:280 [ref. 23929], Allen 1997:190 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:290 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:317 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:197 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:628 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:994 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:113 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3401 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:994 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495] dated 1980, Randall et al. 2004:22 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:411 [ref. 28239], Barber & Bellwood 2005:249 [ref. 35318], Allen et al. 2006:1390 [ref. 29095], Motomura et al. 2010:165 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:671 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:131 [ref. 33932], Fowler et al. 2017:[4] 2252 [ref. 36358], Fricke et al. 2019:228 [ref. 36673], Fujiwara et al. 2020:36 [ref. 38631], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:8 [ref. 40448]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres chrysus Randall 1981. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Marshall and Phoenix islands, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to southern New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

cinaedus, Labrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:443, 509 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Not available, incorrect subsequent spelling for Labrus cynaedus Linnaeus. Misspelling. Labridae.

cincta, Labrichthys Hutton [F. W.] 1877:354 [Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute v. 9 (art. 41); ref. 18318] Coasts of Otago, New Zealand. Holotype (unique): OM A.75.15 (stuffed). Type catalog: Russell 1996:228 [ref. 22562]. •Valid as Pseudolabrus cinctus (Hutton 1877) -- (Matsuura in Amaoka et al. 1990:293 [ref. 16024]). •Valid as Notolabrus cinctus (Hutton 1877) -- (Russell 1988:20 [ref. 12549], Paulin et al. 1989:208 [ref. 24556], Parenti & Randall 2000:31 [ref. 24943], Kuiter 2010:240 [ref. 35285]). Current status: Valid as Notolabrus cinctus (Hutton 1877). Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

cinctus, Julis Poey [F.] 1860:211, Pl. 13 (fig. 19) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 14255 (1), 14265 (2); ?USNM 164944 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:210 [ref. 22926] with MCZ 14265 as holotype. •Synonym of Halichoeres garnoti (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres garnoti (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cinereus, Labrus Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Brünnich) 1788:118 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Marseille, France, western Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Based on Labrus sp. of Brünnich 1768:58, No. 75 [ref. 17290]. •Valid as Crenilabrus cinereus (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:751 [ref. 24702], Reshetnikov 1998:122 [ref. 23570] dated to Bonnaterre 1837, Vasil'eva 2007:116 [ref. 30517], Parin et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Lahaye 1960:577 [ref. 37475], Bauchot & Quignard 1973:435 [ref. 7204], Quignard & Pras in Whitehead et al. 1986:933 [ref. 13676], Parenti & Randall 2000:41 [ref. 24943], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:112 [ref. 26753], Parin 2003:S18 [ref. 28536], Golani 2005:50 [ref. 37112], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:179 [ref. 28369], Fricke et al. 2007:94 [ref. 29533], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:171 [ref. 31251], Kuiter 2010:94 [ref. 35285], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:54 [ref. 36649], Manilo 2017:29 [ref. 36241], Artüz & Fricke 2019:558 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:284 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:99 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:75 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:38 [ref. 37519], Abliazov et al. 2021:10 [ref. 38576], Bañón & Maño 2021:89 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:67 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:70 [ref. 39014], Niță et al. 2022:90 [ref. 40471]). Current status: Valid as Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre 1788). Labridae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay south to Gibraltar. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cinereus, Labrus Pallas [P. S.] 1814:267 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Black Sea. No types known. Objectively invalid, preoccupied by Labrus cinereus Bonnaterre 1788. •Synonym of Ctenolabrus rupestris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:432 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:16 [ref. 24943], Parin 2003:S17 [ref. 28536], Parin et al. 2014:380 [ref. 33547]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Ctenolabrus rupestris (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cinereus, Lutjanus Risso [A.] 1810:266 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MNHN A-7260 (2). Regarded by Bauchot et al. 1981:35 [ref. 21549] as an original description. •Synonym of Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Parenti & Randall 2011:39 [ref. 31299]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre 1788). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cingulata, Julis Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1834:711, Pl. 15 (fig. 3) [Voyage de découvertes de "l'Astrolabe" Zoologie, v. 3 (Pt 2); ref. 3573] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: MNHN A-9178. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:50-51 [ref. 19171]. As Julis cingulatum in Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:418 [ref. 1007]. •Synonym of Thalassoma hebraicum (Lacepède 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:45 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:258 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma hebraicum (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cingulatus, Cheilinus Weber [M.] 1913:365, Pl. 9 (fig. 5) [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Binongka, Siboga station 220; Banda, Siboga station 240. Syntypes: ZMA 111496-97 (1, 1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:92 [ref. 19236]. •Synonym of Oxycheilinus unifasciatus (Streets 1877) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:33 [ref. 24943], Randall 2007:328 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Oxycheilinus unifasciatus (Streets 1877). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cingulum, Labrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:448, 517, Pl. 28 (fig. 1) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:81-82 [ref. 19171]. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:408 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Julis cingulum Valenciennes 1839:428 [ref. 1007] is a new combination. •Synonym of Coris aygula Lacepède 1801 -- (Dor 1984:200 [ref. 29757], Randall 1986:691 [ref. 5706], Randall 1999:10 [ref. 24043], Fricke 1999:407 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:342 [ref. 28867], Randall & Victor 2022:191 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Coris aygula Lacepède 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

circumnotatus, Scarus Poey [F.] 1861:423 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Holotype: MCZ 14512. Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:212 [ref. 22926]. •Possible synonym of Sparisoma rubripinne (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall 1990:885 [ref. 19149], Parenti & Randall 2000:61 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Uncertain as Sparisoma rubripinne (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

citrinus, Labrus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:261 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Japan. •See Parenti & Randall 2000:62 [ref. 24943]. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

citrinus, Pseudocheilinus Randall [J. E.] 1999:5, Fig. 1, Pl. IA [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 28; ref. 24041] Off Bounty Bay, reef at edge of sand, Pitcairn Island, depth 30.5-40 meters. Holotype: BPBM 16863. Paratypes: AMS I.39404-001 (1); BMNH 1999.1.14.2-3 (2); BPBM 13011 (1), 13678 (1), 13729 (1), 16879 (1), 17102 (1), 17331 (1); CAS 204669 (1); MNHN 1999-0062 (1); NSMT-P 56789 (2); ROM 71819 (1); USNM 352929 (1). •Valid as Pseudocheilinus citrinus Randall 1999 -- (Randall 1999:22 [ref. 25829], Parenti & Randall 2000:35 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3402 [ref. 26277], Randall 2005:429 [ref. 28239], Kuiter 2010:156 [ref. 35285]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocheilinus citrinus Randall 1999. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Oceania. Habitat: marine.

claire, Cirrhilabrus Randall [J. E.] & Pyle [R. L.] 2001:90, Fig. 1 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 25300] Northwestern side off the Edgewater Resort, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, depth 92 meters. Holotype: BPBM 38741. Paratypes: USNM 361529 (1). •Valid as Cirrhilabrus claire Randall & Pyle 2001 -- (Allen et al. 2008:131 [ref. 29752], Parenti & Randall 2011:33 [ref. 31299], Allen et al. 2015:3 [ref. 33787], Tea & Gill 2017:83 [ref. 35654], Tea et al. 2018:369 [ref. 36337], Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus claire Randall & Pyle 2001. Labridae. Distribution: South Pacific: Cook Islands and Mo'orea (Society Islands, French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

clarkae, Pteragogus Randall [J. E.] 2013:24, Fig. 17 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 7; ref. 32688] Egypt, Al Ghardaqa (Hurghada), 27°15'N, 33°49'E, Red Sea. Holotype: USNM 167021. Paratypes: BPBM 41145 (2); SMF 1597 (2), 6442 (1); USNM 410093 (13) •Valid as Pteragogus clarkae Randall 2013 -- (Parenti & Randall 2018:22 [ref. 35964], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[5] 243 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:129 [ref. 36273], Randall & Victor 2022:246 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Pteragogus clarkae Randall 2013. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

claudia, Halichoeres Randall [J. E.] & Rocha [L. A.] 2009:713, Figs. 8-13 [Zoological Studies v. 48 (no. 5); ref. 30520] Outside barrier reef 200 meters west of Tareu Pass, Moorea, Society Islands, depth 21 meters. Holotype: BPBM 9090. Paratypes: many at AMS, ANSP, BPBM, CAS, NSMT-P, USNM. Name treated as a noun in apposition. •Valid as Biochoeres claudia (Randall & Rocha 2009) -- (Kuiter 2010:289 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres claudia Randall & Rocha 2009 -- (Parenti & Randall 2011:34 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:671 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:131 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres claudia Randall & Rocha 2009. Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands, Indonesia east to Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Philippines, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

claviera, Sparus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:50, 152 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Marseille and Antibes, France, western Mediterranean Sea. Type catalog: Bauchot & Daget 1972:88 [ref. 20898]. •Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:28 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

clepsydralis, Julis Smith [R.] & Swain [J.] 1882:136 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 272); ref. 14298] Johnston Island, Pacific. Holotype (unique): USNM 26826. •Synonym of Thalassoma duperrey (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:45 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:447 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma duperrey (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coccineus, Cheilinus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1828:23 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 937. Paralectotypes: 2749 (1), 4704-4706 (3). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:197 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier, SMF records list 2749 as lectotype. •Synonym of Cheilinus digramma (Lacepède 1801) -- (Dor 1984:197 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Oxycheilinus digramma (Lacepède 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:33 [ref. 24943], Kottelat 2013:379 [ref. 32989], Golani & Fricke 2018:128 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Oxycheilinus digramma (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coccineus, Labrus Forster [J. R.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:264 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Not available, manuscript name mentioned under account of Labrus miles. Based on description in manuscript by Forster (Johann Reinhold Forster, 1729-1798, German explorer and naturalist of Cook's second voyage). •In the synonymy of Pseudolabrus miles (Schneider & Forster 1801) -- (Russell 1988:34 [ref. 12549], Parenti & Randall 2000:64 [ref. 24943]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Pseudolabrus miles (Schneider & Forster 1801). Labridae.

coccineus, Scarus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Parra) 1801:289 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Locality not stated [Havana, Cuba]. Based on the 'Vieja (No. 2)' of Parra 1787:58, Pl. 28 (fig. 2) [ref. 6840]. •Synonym of Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:61 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre 1788). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coelestinus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:180 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] St. Thomas Island, Virgin Islands, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2459 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:293 [ref. 20736]. •Valid as Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:208 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:156 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:392 [ref. 23827], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Cervigón 1994:30 [ref. 24488], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:299 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Moura et al. 2001:518 [ref. 25371], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:991 [ref. 25909], Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1729 [ref. 27105], Smith et al. 2003:45 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:533 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:64 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:81 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:213 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) south to Venezuela, including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

coerulea, Coryphaena Bloch [M. E.] 1786:148, Pl. 176 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 2; ref. 465] Bahamas and Antilles. No types known. On p. 120 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 5 [ref. 21381]. This species dates to Edwards 1771 and not to Bloch 1786 unless the ICZN is petitioned or continued usage maintained. Catesby 1771 is a rejected work, and unavailable (Opinions 89 and 259) but the appendix by Edwards is available. Coryphaena coerulea Bloch 1786 is a primary homonym of Coryphaena coerulea Edwards 1771. Spelled caerulea by Bonnaterre 1788:59 [ref. 4940] and Lacepède 1801:175, 200 [ref. 2710]. •Valid as Scarus coeruleus (Bloch 1786) -- (Cervigón 1992:392 [ref. 23827], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Cervigón 1994:31 [ref. 24488], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:299 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1730 [ref. 27105], Smith et al. 2003:45 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:534 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:64 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961]). •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae.

coerulea, Coryphaena Edwards [M.] in Catesby 1771:cat. 1 [The natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands; ref. 774] Bahamas. No types known. Catesby 1771 is a rejected work, and unavailable (Opinions 89 and 259) but the appendix by Edwards is available. On Novacula caerulea Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina 1743, 18 pl. 18. Bahamas. This species should date to authorship as above and not to Bloch 1786. •Valid as Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771) (sometimes dated to (Bloch 1786)) -- (Cervigón 1992:392 [ref. 23827], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Cervigón 1994:31 [ref. 24488], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:299 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1730 [ref. 27105], Smith et al. 2003:45 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:534 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:64 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098]). Current status: Valid as Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

coeruleomaculatus, Anampses Günther [A.] 1881:no page number, Pl. 138 [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 4 (no. 15); ref. 14286] Evidently an error in the plate caption; treated in text on p. 251 as Anampses coeruleopunctatus. •Apparently in the synonymy of Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell 1829. Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell 1829. Labridae.

coeruleopunctatus, Scarus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1835:24, Pl. 7 (fig. 3) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 1504. Paralectotypes: SMF 2743 (1, dry). Originally coeruleo-punctatus. Lectotype mentioned by Bruce & Randall 1985:25, 27 [ref. 5234] but with a contradiction in numbers. •Valid as Scarus caeruleopunctatus (Rüppell 1835) -- (Dor 1984:218 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Bruce & Randall 1985:24 [ref. 5234], Choat & Randall 1986:194 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:54 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:297 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273], Randall 2022:292 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coeruleovittatus, Halichoeres Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1835:14, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 1166. Paralectotypes: SMF 2719 (1, dry), 5033 (1). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:203 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. •Synonym of Halichoeres scapularis (Bennett 1832) -- (Dor 1984:203 [ref. 29757] as caeruleovittatus, Parenti & Randall 2000:24 [ref. 24943] as caeruleovittatus, Golani & Fricke 2018:125 [ref. 36273], Randall & Victor 2022:208 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres scapularis (Bennett 1832). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coeruleovittatus, Labrus Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Brünnich) 1788:117 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Marseille, France; Dalmatia, Croatia, Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). No types known. Originally as coeruleo-vittatus. Based on Labrus sp. of Brünnich 1768:57, No. 73 & 97, No. 10 [ref. 17290]. See also Labrus unimaculatus Gmelin 1789 and Labrus erithrophthalmus •Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:437 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:877 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:41 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coerulescens, Scarus Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Rüppell 1829:77 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Not available, name only (Parenti & Randall 2000:65 [ref. 24943]). •Validly published by Valenciennes (ex Ehrenberg) 1840 as caerulescens. Nomen Nudum. Labridae.

coeruleus, Labrus Ascanius [P.] 1772:5, Pl. 12 [Icones rerum naturalium, ou figures enluminées d'histoire naturelle du Nord; ref. 5115] Near Lindersnes, Norway. No types known. See discussion of Opinion 1954 under Labrus mixtus. Name spelled caeruleus by Bonnaterre 1788:113 [ref. 4940] and Lacepède 1801:443, 511 [ref. 2710]. •Synonym of Labrus bimaculatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Gomon & Forsyth 1990:875 [ref. 19219], Bauchot & Quignard 1973:426 [ref. 7204]). •Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:28 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coeruleus, Scarus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:288 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Treatment in Bloch & Schneider is based on the same source as Edwards coerulea. Bloch & Schneider treat Scarus coerulea seven pages before, so the above is subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Scarus by Coryphaena coerulea Bloch 1786 [author is actually Edwards 1771; see Coryphaena coerulea]. •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

collana, Scarus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1835:25, Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 1202. Rüppell specimens: BMNH 1845.10.29.66 (stuffed); SMF 2725 (1). Text published in 1835, Pl. 8 in 1836. Lectotype selected by Dor 1984:213 [ref. 29757] but description evidently based only on one specimen. •Valid as Scarus collana Rüppell 1835 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:13 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:213 [ref. 29757], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Goren & Dor 1994:56 [ref. 25356], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[6] 244 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273], Randall 2022:279 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Scarus collana Rüppell 1835. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

collaris, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:265 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Massawah [Massaua], Eritrea, Red Sea. No types known. Perhaps not intended as a new name; same as collana Rüppell. •Synonym of Scarus collana Rüppell 1835 -- (Dor 1984:213 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus collana Rüppell 1835. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

collettei, Nicholsina ustus Schultz [L. P.] 1968:2, Pl. 1 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 124 (no. 3642); ref. 7915] Off Guinea, western Africa, 9°53'N, 15°56'W. Holotype: USNM 201582. Paratypes: USNM 201443-50 (1, 2, 2, 4, 11 or 12, 2, 1, 6). •Synonym of Nicholsina usta (Valenciennes 1840), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Randall 1990:883 [ref. 19149], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:399 [ref. 24550]). •Synonym of Nicholsina usta (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:54 [ref. 24943]). •Valid as Nicholsina collettei Schultz 1968 -- (Robertson et al. 2006:805 [ref. 31512], Wirtz et al. 2007:15, 37 [ref. 30263], Parenti & Randall 2011:38 [ref. 31299], Rocha et al. 2012:61 [ref. 31733], Westneat in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2736 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:239 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:290 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Nicholsina collettei Schultz 1968. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Gabon, including Annobón Island (Equatorial Guinea), and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

comber, Labrus Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1297 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] "Cornubiae littore". No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Labrus comber Bonnaterre 1788. •Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:27 [ref. 24943]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

comber, Labrus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:259 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Labrus comber Bonnaterre 1788. •Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:27 [ref. 24943]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

comber, Labrus Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Pennant) 1788:115, Pl. 99 (fig. 405) [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Cornwall, southwestern England, United Kingdom. No types known. Based on 'The comber' of Pennant 1769:210 [ref. 18527], which was based on the 'Comber cornub.' of Ray 1713:163, fig. 5 [ref. 30231]. •Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767 -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:427 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:873 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:27 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Labrus bergylta Ascanius 1767. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

commersoni, Julis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:418 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Madagascar and Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN B-2144 (2, dry) Madagascar, A-2836 (2) Mauritius. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:51 [ref. 19171], Fricke et al. 2018:293 [ref. 35805]. •Synonym of Thalassoma genivittatum (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Randall 1986:704 [ref. 5706], Fricke 1999:434 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:45 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:293 [ref. 35805], Randall & Victor 2022:257 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma genivittatum (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

commersonii, Cheilinus Bennett [E. T.] 1832:167 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 4944] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. •Synonym of Oxycheilinus digrammus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Fricke 1999:425 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:33 [ref. 24943] as commersoni, Kottelat 2013:379 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Oxycheilinus digramma (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

compressus, Callyodon Osburn [R. C.] & Nichols [J. T.] 1916:171, Fig. 13 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 35 (art. 16); ref. 15062] Concepción Bay, off Ricason Point, Baja California, Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 87549 [ex AMNH 5205]. •Valid as Scarus compressus (Osburn & Nichols 1916) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:210 [ref. 22193], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Bellwood in Fischer et al. 1995:1423 [ref. 22830], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:505 [ref. 24023], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Thomson et al. 2000:189 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:138 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], González-Cuéllar et al. 2013:224 [ref. 32961], Fourriére et al. 2016:448 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], González-Murcia et al. 2019:301 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:177 [ref. 39279], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Scarus compressus (Osburn & Nichols 1916). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Ecuador, including Gulf of Californis (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

compressus, Novaculops Fukui [Y.] 2020:556, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 4742 (no. 3); ref. 37325] Iloilo Central Market, off Iloilo, Panay Island, the Philippines, 10°41'N, 122°35'E. Holotype: KAUM-I. 52621. Paratype: FRLM 42872 (1). •Valid as Novaculops compressus Fukui 2020. Current status: Valid as Novaculops compressus Fukui 2020. Labridae. Distribution: West-Pacific: Yoron Island, Kagoshima, Japan and Panay Island, the Philippines. Habitat: marine.

concolor, Choerops De Vis [C. W.] 1885:876 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 4); ref. 1091] Northeastern coast, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: QM I.946 (1). •Questionably a synonym of Choerodon cyanodus (Richardson 1843) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:10 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1378 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Uncertain as Choerodon cyanodus (Richardson 1843). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

condei, Cirrhilabrus Allen [G. R.] & Randall [J. E.] 1996:102, Figs. 1-2 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 23 (no. 3/4); ref. 22684] South side of Rausch Pass, Madang, Papua New Guinea, depth 8 meters. Holotype: BPBM 15817. Paratypes: AMS I.37644-001 (1); BPBM 36884 (2), 36960 (3), 37005 (4); CAS 88495 (1); MNHN 1996-0568 (2); USNM 342048 (2); WAM P.28179-002 (1). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:36 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Cirrhilabrus condei Allen & Randall 1996 -- (Allen & Kuiter 1999:136 [ref. 24289], Parenti & Randall 2000:11 [ref. 24943], Randall & Pyle 2001:98 [ref. 25300], Allen 2000:46 [ref. 25747], Westneat 2001:3400 [ref. 26277], Allen et al. 2006:1382 [ref. 29095], Allen et al. 2008:131 [ref. 29752], Kuiter 2010:131 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:652 [ref. 31980], Allen et al. 2015:10 [ref. 33787], Allen et al. 2015:3 [ref. 33787], Fricke et al. 2014:129 [ref. 33932], Tea et al. 2016:27 [ref. 34470], Victor 2016:44 [ref. 34858], Fricke et al. 2019:226 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus condei Allen & Randall 1996. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific:New Guinea to Solomon Islands and northern Great Barier Reef (Queensland, Australia). Habitat: marine.

conicis, Labrus dentibus Asso y del Rio [I. J. de] 1801:41, Pl. 35 (fig. 1) [Anales de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. v. 4 (no. 10); ref. 6523] Not available; part of description but not of Latinized name. Labridae.

convexus, Labrichthys Castelnau [F. L.] 1875:38 [Official Record, containing Introduction, Catalogues, Official Awards of the Commissioners, Report and Recommendations of the Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria.; ref. 768] Swan River, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): not at MNHN. Type information: Bauchot 1963:79 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Notolabrus parilus (Richardson 1850) -- (Russell 1988:13 [ref. 12549], Parenti & Randall 2000:31 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1401 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Notolabrus parilus (Richardson 1850). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cook, Labrus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:268 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] •Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:28 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

copei, Hemipteronotus Fowler [H. W.] 1900:508, Pl. 20 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 52; ref. 14727] Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands [locality questionable, likely from tropical Atlantic]. Holotype: ANSP 521. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:117 [ref. 13621], with comments on type locality. •Synonym of Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Gomon & Forsyth 1990:881 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:450 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coquus, Labrus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:260 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Labrus coquus Gmelin 1789. •Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:27 [ref. 24943]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coquus, Labrus Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1297 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] "in Cornubiae littore." No types known. See discussion of Opinion 1954 under Labrus mixtus. •Synonym of Labrus bimaculatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:426 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:875 [ref. 19219]). •Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:28 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

corbis, Julis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:435 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] No locality. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:73 [ref. 19171]. Based on Renard figures. •Synonym of Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:21 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:203 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

core, Lutianus Nardo [G. D.] 1827:30, 38 (no. 100) [Giornale di fisica, chimica e storia naturale, medicina, ed arti. (series 2) Dec. II, v. 10; ref. 3146] Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). No types known. Also in Nardo 1827:col. 479 and 486 [ref. 19740]. Replacement name for Labrus donzella Nardo 1824, preoccupied by Labrus donzella Rafinesque 1810. •Questionably a synonym of Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:41 [ref. 24943]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre 1788). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coris, Julis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:491 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN B-2128 (2). Objectively invalid; not the same as and preoccupied by Julis coris Lesson 1828. •Substitute name for and objective synonym of Coris aygula Lacepède 1801 -- (Dor 1984:200 [ref. 29757], Randall 1999:10 [ref. 24043], Fricke 1999:407 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Coris aygula Lacepède 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coris, Julis Lesson [R. P.] 1828:404 [Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle Paris (sér. 2) v. 4; ref. 2775] Kosrae, Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:71-72 [ref. 19171]. •Nomen oblitum -- (Randall & Parenti 1999:30 [ref. 24276]). •Synonym of Thalassoma quinquevittatum (Lay & Bennett 1839) -- (Randall & Parenti 1999:30 [ref. 24276], Parenti & Randall 2000:46 [ref. 24943], Randall 2007:346 [ref. 30952] suppressed, Randall & Victor 2022:261 [ref. 39916]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma quinquevittatum (Lay & Bennett 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cornubicus, Lutjanus Risso [A.] 1810:267 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea; Cornwall, England, northeastern Atlantic. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1981:35 [ref. 21549]. Based on Pennant. •Synonym of Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:436 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:41 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre 1788). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cornubius, Labrus Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1297 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Cornwall, England. •Questionably a synonym of Symphodus melops (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:438 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:42 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Uncertain as Symphodus melops (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coromandelicus, Labrus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:244 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. No types known. •See Parenti & Randall 2000:62 [ref. 24943]. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coronata, Coris De Vis [C. W.] 1885:883 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 4); ref. 1091] Murray Island, Queensland, Australia. No types known. •Synonym of Coris batuensis (Bleeker 1856) -- (Randall 1999:16 [ref. 24043], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1385 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Coris batuensis (Bleeker 1856). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coryphaenoides, Novacula Schinz [H. R.] 1822:430 [Das Thierreich v. 2; ref. 3926] Middle Sea. Unneeded replacement name for and objective synonym of Coryphaena novacula Linnaeus 1758 (see Daget 1968:1058 [ref. 26392]). •Objective synonym of Hemipteronotus novacula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Daget 1968:1058 [ref. 26392]). •Objective synonym of Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coryphena, Novacula Risso [A.] 1827:334 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Mediterranean Sea. Substitute name for Coryphaena novacula Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:443 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:881 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cosmetus, Halichoeres Randall [J. E.] & Smith [M. M.] 1982:(3) 15, Pls. 6 (fig. C), 7 (figs. A-B) [Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology No. 45; ref. 9112] Reef front, northeastern side of Villingili Island, north Male Atoll, Maldives [Indian Ocean], depth 2-20 meters. Holotype: BPBM 18925. Paratypes: ANSP (6 lots, 14); BMNH 1980.5.20.1-2 (2); BPBM 16325 (1), 16398 (1), 17621 (1), 21625 (2), 22910-12 (1, 2, 1), 22947 (3); CAS 33414 (2), 39128 (2); MNHN 1980-1304 (3); ROM (4 lots, 6); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 973 (1); USNM 221540 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:117 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Biochoeres cosmetus (Randall & Smith 1982) -- (Kuiter 2010:289 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres cosmetus Randall & Smith 1982 -- (Randall 1986:694 [ref. 5706], Winterbottom et al. 1989:53 [ref. 13251], Randall 1999:299 [ref. 24158], Fricke 1999:412 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943], Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3325 [ref. 27945], Randall & Rocha 2009:717 [ref. 30520], Fricke et al. 2009:85 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:672 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:266 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:283 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:172 [ref. 40104], Zajonz et al. 2019:89 [ref. 36871], Durville et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38802], Randall & Victor 2022:201 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres cosmetus Randall & Smith 1982. Labridae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Thailand and western Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

cossyphoides, Pseudolabrus Steindachner [F.] 1900:176 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 37 (no. 16) (for 21 June 1900); ref. 20498] New Zealand. Holotype (unique): UMB (not found). Type catalog: Wahlert 1955:326 [ref. 21527]. Species later illustrated and described in detail in Steindachner 1900:503 Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [ref. 14892]; on p. 21 of separate. •Synonym of Pseudolabrus miles (Schneider & Forster 1801) -- (Russell 1988:34 [ref. 12549], Parenti & Randall 2000:37 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudolabrus miles (Schneider & Forster 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cotta, Lutjanus Risso [A.] 1810:282 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:37 [ref. 19171], Bauchot et al. 1981:35 [ref. 21549]. •Synonym of Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:435 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:41 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre 1788). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

couchii, Acantholabrus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:248 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] •Synonym of Acantholabrus palloni (Risso 1810) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:430 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:868 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:2 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Acantholabrus palloni (Risso 1810). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

couchii, Crenilabrus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:178 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:37-38 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Symphodus melops (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:42 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus melops (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cousteaui, Labrichthys Roux-Estève [R.] in Roux-Estève & Fourmanoir 1955:199 [Annales de l'Institut Océanographique, Monaco (Nouvelle Série) v. 30 (art. 7); ref. 5324] Abu Latt Island, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, ca. 19°58.0'N, 40°07,6'E. Holotype: MNHN 1952-0254. Paratypes: MNHN 1986-0561 [ex MNHN 1952-0254] (3). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:77 [ref. 19171] as cousteani. •Synonym of Larabicus quadrilineatus (Rüppell 1835) -- (Dor 1984:204 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:29 [ref. 24943], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:127 [ref. 36273], Randall & Victor 2022:223 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Larabicus quadrilineatus (Rüppell 1835). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cranei, Thalassoma Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1935:412 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 18 (no. 12); ref. 2109] Tenibuli, Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands. Holotype: FMNH 17347. Paratypes: CAS-SU 25167 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:87 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:83 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Thalassoma lutescens (Lay & Bennett 1839) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:46 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma lutescens (Lay & Bennett 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

crassiceps, Cryptotomus Bean [T. H.] 1906:32 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 19; ref. 15640] Cooper's Island, Bermuda. Lectotype: FMNH 4964. Paralectotypes: USNM 163555 [ex FMNH 4964] (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:29 [ref. 12367]. Lectotype selected by Grey 1947:138 [ref. 12302]. •Synonym of Cryptotomus roseus Cope 1871 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:298 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:53 [ref. 24943], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807]). Current status: Synonym of Cryptotomus roseus Cope 1871. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

crassus, Chaerops Castelnau [F. L.] 1875:39 [Official Record, containing Introduction, Catalogues, Official Awards of the Commissioners, Report and Recommendations of the Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria.; ref. 768] Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. Syntypes: (several) MNHN A-8890 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:22 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Choerodon cyanodus (Richardson 1843) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:10 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1378 [ref. 29095], Kuiter 2010:58 [ref. 35285], Gomon 2017:23 [ref. 35547]). Current status: Synonym of Choerodon cyanodus (Richardson 1843). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

crassus, Labrus Agassiz [L.] in Spix & Agassiz 1831:95, Pl. 52 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Atlantic off Brazil. •Questionably a synonym of Labrus merula Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:27 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Uncertain as Labrus merula Linnaeus 1758. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

crenulatus, Labrus Shaw [G.] 1803:509 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Mediterranean Sea. New name for Labrus cynaedus Linnaeus 1758. •Objective synonym of Labrus cynaedus Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Labrus cynaedus Linnaeus 1758. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cretensis, Callyodon Meuschen [F. C.] 1778:55 [ ref. 17682] Original not seen. Not available, published in a rejected work (Opinion 260). Suppressed. Labridae.

cretensis, Callyodon Bloch [M. E.] 1789:246 [Abhandlungen der Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften v. 4 (for 1788); ref. 467] •See Parenti & Randall 2000:63 [ref. 24943]. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cretensis, Labrus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:282 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Crete, Greece, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Valid as Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Monod 1973:444 [ref. 7193], Quignard & Pras in Whitehead et al. 1986:943 [ref. 13676], Randall 1990:884 [ref. 19149], Bellwood 1994:65 [ref. 19116] as cretensis, Otero & Galeote 1996:405 [ref. 22783], Santos et al. 1997:97 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:97 [ref. 24952], Vacchi et al. 1999:325 [ref. 24369], Afonso et al. 1999:86 [ref. 25466] with question, Parenti & Randall 2000:61 [ref. 24943], Guidetti & Boero 2001:717 [ref. 25600], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:116 [ref. 26753], Goren & Aronov 2002:239 [ref. 26560], Golani 2005:51 [ref. 37112], Robertson et al. 2006:796 [ref. 31512], Fricke et al. 2007:95 [ref. 29533], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:56 [ref. 36649], Rocha et al. 2012:61 [ref. 31733], Wirtz et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32972], Westneat in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2738 [ref. 34618], Artüz & Fricke 2019:558 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:287 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:99 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:80 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:39 [ref. 37519], Esposito et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38424], Golani 2021:68 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:75 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:290 [ref. 39448] misidentified). Current status: Valid as Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Senegal, including Azores (Portugal), Madeira (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain) and Cape Verde Islands. Habitat: marine.

creticus, Labrus scarus Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:xix [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Malta No types known. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:51 [ref. 30182]. Originally as scarus cretic.. Not available, name only -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:65 [ref. 24943], Fricke 2008:51 [ref. 30182]). •Synonym of Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Fricke 2008:51 [ref. 30182]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

croceus, Crenilabrus Lesson [R. P.] 1828:407 [Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle Paris (sér. 2) v. 4; ref. 2775] Tombau Bay, Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: MNHN A-7418. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:29, 33 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Bodianus macrourus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:6 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2006:85 [ref. 28730], Randall & Victor 2022:178 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Bodianus macrourus (Lacepède 1801). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

croicensis, Scarus Bloch [M. E.] 1790:27, Pl. 221 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 4; ref. 469] St. Croix Island, Virgin Islands, West Indies. No types known. On p. 15 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 7 [ref. 21381]. First named Callyodon iseri by Bloch 1789. •Valid as Scarus croicensis Bloch 1790 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:208 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:156 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:393 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1994:33 [ref. 24488], Aguilera 1998:52 [ref. 24221], Westneat 2003:1732 [ref. 27105]). •Junior synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (see Randall & Nelson 1979:211 [ref. 19975] as iserti, Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:299 [ref. 25013] as iserti, Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], P. Parenti, pers. comm. Feb. 2011). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

crotaphus, Julis Cuvier [G.] (ex Parra) 1829:258 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No locality [Havana Cuba]. Cuvier specimens: MNHN A-8307 (1, dry), A-8308 (1, dry), A-9129 (2), A-9130 (2), A-9131 (2), A-9132 (1), A-9171 (1) Bahia, 3073 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:51 [ref. 19171] which wrongly assumes 1839 as original and MNHN specimens as types. Available from footnote as, "Julis crotaphus, N., Parra, xxxvii, i." [Parra 1787:95, Pl. 37 (fig. 1) [ref. 6840] 'Doncella']. See also Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:395 [ref. 1007]. •Synonym of Halichoeres radiatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:24 [ref. 24943], Rocha & Rosa 2001:164 [ref. 25881]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres radiatus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cruciensis, Scarus Forster [J. R.] 1795:16 [Zoologia Indica, sistens descriptiones animalium selectorum; ref. 18091] India. Name only. Based on Scarus croicensis Bloch 1790. •In the synonymy of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae.

cruentatus, Labrichthys De Vis [C. W.] 1885:879 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 4); ref. 1091] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.124. Non-types: QM I.126 (1, too small to be a type). •Synonym of Pseudolabrus guentheri Bleeker 1862 -- (Russell 1988:30 [ref. 12549], Parenti & Randall 2000:37 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1409 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudolabrus guentheri Bleeker 1862. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cruentatus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:277 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Uléa, Caroline Islands, western Pacific, ca. 7°22'N, 143°54'E. No types preserved. Based on a drawing, probably by Mertens (Franz Karl Mertens, 1764-1831, German botanist). •Unidentifiable species -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:63 [ref. 24943]). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cruentum, Polylepion Gomon [M. F.] 1977:624, Figs. 1, 2 left, 3 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 89 (no. 54); ref. 1831] Eastern Pacific off Quepos, Costa Rica, depth 190 meters. Holotype: USNM 215465. Paratypes: CAS 36000 (2), SIO 68-4 (1), UCR 353-2 (1), UF 232923 [ex UMML 32923] (3), USNM 215466 (10, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Angulo et al. 2015:382 [ref. 35212]. •Valid as Polylepion cruentum Gomon 1977 -- (Bussing 1987:96 [ref. 21800], Bussing & López S. 1994:116 [ref. 23101], Gomon in Fischer et al. 1995:1219 [ref. 22830], Gomon 1997:822 [ref. 23083], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:201 [ref. 24545], Parenti & Randall 2000:35 [ref. 24943], Thomson et al. 2000:173 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:137 [ref. 37547], Kuiter 2010:48 [ref. 35285], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:S8 [ref. 36248], Britzke et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38675], Love et al. 2021:177 [ref. 39279], Baldwin et al. 2023:186 [ref. 40152]). Current status: Valid as Polylepion cruentum Gomon 1977. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to northern Peru, including southern Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

crux, Pseudojuloides Tea [Y.-K.], Gill [A. C.] & Senou [H.] 2020:557, Figs. 2B, 6, 7 [Copeia v. 108 (no. 3); ref. 37843] Lagoon reef off Tantabiddy Creek, North-West Cape, Western Australia. Holotype: WAM P.25368-001. Paratypes: AMS I.48996-001 (1); WAM P.25110-001 (3), P.25318-007 (1), P.25318-008 (1), P.25825-002 (1), P.25368-038 (3), P.25826-040 (1), P.26649-004 (1). •Valid as Pseudojuloides crux Tea, Gill & Senou 2020. Current status: Valid as Pseudojuloides crux Tea, Gill & Senou 2020. Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Houtman Abrolhos Islands north to Dampier Archipelago (Western Australia). IUCN (2020): not assessed. Habitat: marine.

cryptus, Pteragogus Randall [J. E.] 1981:83, Pl. 1 (figs. 3-4); Fig. 2 [Senckenbergiana Maritima v. 13 (no. 1/3); ref. 5447] Off Heinz Steinitz Marine Biology Lab, Eilat, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, depth 43 meters. Holotype: BPBM 13379. Paratypes: BMNH 1980.8.11.3 (1); BPBM 17905 (5), 19723 (2), 19889 (1), 24766 (2); CAS 46594 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 461 (1); SMF 15715 (1), 15827 (1), 15829 (3); USNM 222297 (1), 223869 (3), 223872 (1), 223874 (1), 223877 (1). •Valid as Pteragogus cryptus Randall 1981 -- (Dor 1984:207 [ref. 29757], Randall et al. 1990:333 [ref. 15987], Goren & Dor 1994:55 [ref. 25356], Parenti & Randall 1998:473 [ref. 23684], Allen 1997:196 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:276 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:333 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:194 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:38 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:269 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3458 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830] with genus as Pterogogus, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:634 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:434 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1410 [ref. 29095], Satapoomin 2009:230 [ref. 30463], Kuiter 2010:164 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:716 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:138 [ref. 33932] as cf cryptus, Fricke et al. 2018:291 [ref. 35805], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[5] 243 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:129 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:89 [ref. 36871], Iino & Motomura 2022:[7] [ref. 39300], Randall & Victor 2022:246 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Pteragogus cryptus Randall 1981. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indian Ocean: East Africa, Socotra (Yemen) and Madagascar east to western Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

cultratus, Xyrichthys Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:37, Pl. 391 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Martigues; Montpellier, France; [Ivica] Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Mediterranean Sea; Seide. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-664 (2) Messina, 0000-6503 (1) Madeira, A-9090 (2) Naples, A-9091 (1) Athens. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:112-113 [ref. 19171]. Based on Coryphaena novacula Linnaeus 1758 and specimens. Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Synonym of Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:443 [ref. 7204], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:881 [ref. 19219], Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cupido, Julis Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1845:170, Pl. 86bis (fig. 3) [Fauna Japonica Parts 7-9; ref. 4373] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2217a. Paralectotypes: RMNH D1386 (1, stuffed), 2217b-c (2). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:141 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Thalassoma cupido (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:205 [ref. 6441], Randall & Edwards 1985:14 [ref. 17448], Randall & Mee 1994:305 [ref. 21641], Allen 1995:76 [ref. 21960], Lee & Kim 1996:37 [ref. 25726], Randall 1995:290 [ref. 22896], Myers 1999:203 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:45 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:989 [ref. 25182], Shinohara et al. 2000:180 [ref. 25987], Nakabo 2002:989 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:368, 638 [ref. 26218], Bernardi et al. 2004:371 [ref. 27454], Motomura et al. 2010:174 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:191 [ref. 35285], Motomura et al. 2015:26 [ref. 34709], Wada et al. 2021:46 [ref. 38521]). Current status: Valid as Thalassoma cupido (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Labridae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Taiwan north to Korea and Japan. Habitat: marine.

cuvier, Anampses Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:276, Pl. 55 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: MNHN 0177 (1), A-7401 (1); RMNH 2027 [ex MNHN] (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:9 [ref. 19171]. As Anampses cuvieri in Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:11 [ref. 4882]. •Valid as Anampses cuvier Quoy & Gaimard 1824 -- (Myers 1999:196 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:3 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:388 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:431 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:331 [ref. 30952], Kuiter 2010:340 [ref. 35285]). Current status: Valid as Anampses cuvier Quoy & Gaimard 1824. Labridae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll, Hawaiian Ridge and Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

cuvieri, Julis Bennett [E. T.] 1831:128 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 16794] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.12.26.416. •Valid as Allocoris cuvieri (Bennett 1831) -- (Kuiter 2010:321 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Coris cuvieri (Bennett 1831) -- (Randall 1999:25 [ref. 24043], Fricke 1999:409 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:15 [ref. 24943], Allen & Adrim 2003:48 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3325 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:406 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:334 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:85 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:220 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:662 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:266 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:281 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:124 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:19 [ref. 36883], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:169 [ref. 40104], Zajonz et al. 2019:89 [ref. 36871], Fricke & Durville 2021:34 [ref. 38902], Randall & Victor 2022:192 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Coris cuvieri (Bennett 1831). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Andaman Sea and Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

cuvieri, Julis (Halichoeres) Bleeker [P.] 1847:160 [Natuur-en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neȇrlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 314] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Also in Bleeker 1847:24 [ref. 317]. •Synonym of Halichoeres chloropterus (Bloch 1791) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres chloropterus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cuvieri, Labrichthys Castelnau [F. L.] 1873:53 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 2; ref. 758] Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:79 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson 1840) -- (Russell 1988:17 [ref. 12549], Parenti & Randall 2000:31 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1402 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cuzamilae, Scarus Bean [T. H.] 1891:196, Pl. 29 (fig. 4) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 8 (art. 4) (for 1888); ref. 14497] Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 37128. •Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanea, Coris Macleay [W.] 1883:588 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 4); ref. 17586] New Guinea. Syntypes: AMS I.13429 (1), I.16364-001 [ex MAMU F899] (2). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:208 [ref. 19518]. •Synonym of Coris aygula Lacepède 1801 -- (Randall 1999:10 [ref. 24043], Parenti & Randall 2000:14 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Coris aygula Lacepède 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanescens, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:254 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-0586. Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:293 [ref. 20736]. •Valid as Scarus cyanescens Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:13 [ref. 5412], Randall 1986:712 [ref. 5706], Randall & Earle 1993:292 [ref. 14908]). •Valid as Chlorurus cyanescens (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Bellwood 1994:66 [ref. 19116], Randall & Anderson 1997:162 [ref. 23281], Fricke 1999:451 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:52 [ref. 24943], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:359 [ref. 28072], Fricke et al. 2018:296 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:271 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Chlorurus cyanescens (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South Africa and East Africa (Tanzania) east to Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius, Rodrigues). Habitat: marine.

cyaneus, Paracheilinus Kuiter [R. H.] & Allen [G. R.] 1999:121, Figs. 1-3 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 24141] Bandang Island, off western side of Banggai Island, Bandang Islands, Indonesia, 1°41'12"S, 123°27'50"E, depth 20 meters. Holotype: NCIP 6167. Paratypes: WAM P.31498-001 (1). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:37 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Paracheilinus cyaneus Kuiter & Allen 1999 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:34 [ref. 24943], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Randall & Allen 2003:106 [ref. 27244], Allen & Erdmann 2006:14 [ref. 29404], Allen & Erdmann 2008:187 [ref. 29498], Kuiter 2010:107 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:706 [ref. 31980], Allen et al. 2013:199 [ref. 32955], Allen et al. 2016:47 [ref. 34238]). Current status: Valid as Paracheilinus cyaneus Kuiter & Allen 1999. Labridae. Distribution: Indonesia: Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Raja Ampat Islands. Habitat: marine.

cyanifrons, Xyrichthys Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:46 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-6261 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:110 [ref. 19171]. Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Valid as Xyrichthys cyanifrons Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943]). •Valid as Iniistius cyanifrons (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:41 [ref. 27712], Randall 2007:12 [ref. 29193], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Randall & Victor 2022:218 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius cyanifrons (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: India. Habitat: marine.

cyanirostris, Xirichthys Guérin-Méneville [F. E.] 1829-38:27, Pl. 43 (fig. 3) [Iconographie du Règne animal de G. Cuvier IV, Poissons; ref. 18162] Puducherry, India. Appeared as Xirichthys cyanirostris Cuv. 1837:156, Pl. 50 (fig. 2) [ref. 26488]. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanocephalus, Labrus Bloch [M. E.] 1791:139, Pl. 286 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 5; ref. 4867] Haulover Cut, North Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.A., depth 18-17 meters. Neotype: UF 224284. On p. 113 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 8 [ref. 21381]. Neotype designated by Rocha 2004:777 [ref. 27980]. •Valid as Iridio cyanocephalus (Bloch 1791) -- (Kuiter 2010:213 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Halichoeres cyanocephalus (Bloch 1791) -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:398 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:203 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:347 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:412 [ref. 24474], Parenti & Randall 2000:20 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:991 [ref. 25909], Westneat 2003:1722 [ref. 27105], Moura et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:92 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:43 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:155 [ref. 27807], Rocha 2004:772 [ref. 27980], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:516 [ref. 28815], Luiz et al. 2009:37 [ref. 30311], Rocha et al. 2010:28 [ref. 30767], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Wainwright et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35725], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:81 [ref. 38844], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Halichoeres cyanocephalus (Bloch 1791). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

cyanochloris, Cheilio Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:346, Pl. 382 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9221. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:19-20 [ref. 19171]. Originally as cyano-chloris. •Synonym of Cheilio inermis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Fricke 1999:404 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:9 [ref. 24943], Randall & Victor 2022:185 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilio inermis (Forsskål 1775). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanodus, Labrus Richardson [J.] 1843:355 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 11 (nos 67-8, 71-2); ref. 13395] Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1843.6.15.46. Type locality changed on Barry Russell Email, 2 Mar. 2015. •Valid as Choerodon cyanodus (Richardson 1843) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:114 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:306 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:186 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:365 [ref. 23967], Kuiter 1997:272 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:306 [ref. 25919], Parenti & Randall 2000:10 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3400 [ref. 26277], Allen et al. 2006:1378 [ref. 29095], Kuiter 2010:58 [ref. 35285], Larson et al. 2013:165 [ref. 32988], Gomon 2017:8, 23 [ref. 35547]). Current status: Valid as Choerodon cyanodus (Richardson 1843). Labridae. Distribution: Northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

cyanogaster, Julis Valenciennes [A.] (ex Solander) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:444 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Tahiti, Society Islands. •Synonym of Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:46 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål 1775). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanogaster, Labrus Solander [D. C.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:444 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Combination mentioned under account of Julis cyanogaster, not available; from Tahiti, Society Is. Nomen Nudum. Labridae.

cyanogenys, Labrichthys Ramsay [E. P.] & Ogilby [J. D.] 1887:242 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (Series 2) v. 2 (pt 2, 3); ref. 14476] Broken Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS I.1245 (stuffed skin in alcohol). •Synonym of Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson 1840) -- (Russell 1988:17 [ref. 12549], Parenti & Randall 2000:31 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1402 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanognathos, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1847:164 [Natuur-en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neȇrlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 314] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6672 (larger of 2). Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1862.2.28.4 (1). Also in Bleeker 1847:63 [ref. 317]. •Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943] as cyanognathus, Randall 2005:462 [ref. 28239] as cyanognathus). Current status: Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanogramma, Julis Richardson [J.] 1850:73 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1850 (pt 18) (art. 1) (for 9 Apr. 1850); ref. 3745] King George Sound, Western Australia. Syntypes: NMSZ 1980.073.002 (1, dry skin). Type catalog: Herman et al. 1990:2 [ref. 20727]. •Synonym of Ophthalmolepis lineolata (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Gomon et al. 1994:693 [ref. 22532], Parenti & Randall 2000:32 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1403 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Ophthalmolepis lineolata (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanogrammus, Callyodon Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:330, Fig. 63 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51756. •Synonym of Scarus sordidus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:31 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:221 [ref. 8099]). •Synonym of Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:53 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Chlorurus spilurus (Valenciennes 1840). Current status: Synonym of Chlorurus spilurus (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanogularis, Cirrhilabrus Tea [Y.-K.], Frable [B. W.] & Gill [A. C.] 2018:578, Figs. 1-6, 9A, 10A [Zootaxa 4418 (no. 6); ref. 35947] Philippines, Sulu Archipelago, Banguingui Island, 6°0'N, 121°52'E, depth 30 meters. Holotype: PNM 15360 [ex 15354]. Paratypes: AMS, ZRC, SIO, KPM. Holotype corrected in erratum [ref. 36147]. •Valid as Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis Tea, Frable & Gill 2018 -- (Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis Tea, Frable & Gill 2018. Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines and Sulawesi (Indonesia); possibly to Sabah, Malaysia. Habitat: marine.

cyanoguttatus, Macropharyngodon Randall [J. E.] 1978:749, Figs. 3 c-d [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 28 (no. 4); ref. 7004] About 1.5 kilometers north of Flic en Flac, western coast of Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 40 meters. Holotype: BPBM 16362. Paratypes: BPBM 16291 (1), 16321 (1); MNHN 1976-0003 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 836 (1); USNM 215260 (1). •Valid as Macropharyngodon cyanoguttatus Randall 1978 -- (Randall 1986:699 [ref. 5706], Fricke 1999:424 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:30 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2009:87 [ref. 30213], Kuiter 2010:282 [ref. 35285], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2014:434 [ref. 33480], Fricke et al. 2018:288 [ref. 35805], Randall & Victor 2022:226 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Macropharyngodon cyanoguttatus Randall 1978. Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), Madagascar, western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius). Habitat: marine.

cyanolaemus, Suezichthys Russell [B. C.] 1985:13, Pl. 2 (figs. C-D); Fig. 7a [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 2; ref. 5235] Fish Hook Bay (32°02'S, 115°27'E), Rottnest Island, Western Australia, depth 6 meters. Holotype: AMS I.20242-001. Paratypes: AMS I.20239-001 (?1 of 12); BMNH 1979.4.10.4-5 (2); BPBM 22588 (2); NMV A545 (2); USNM 219626 (2); WAM P.25311-002 (5), P.25316-003 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:34 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:37 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Suezichthys cyanolaemus Russell 1985 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:40 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:269 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2006:1412 [ref. 29095], Kuiter 2010:249 [ref. 35285], Russell & Westneat 2013:90 [ref. 32655], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Suezichthys cyanolaemus Russell 1985. Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

cyanolene, Sparisoma Jordan [D. S.] & Swain [J.] 1884:98 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 414); ref. 14397] Key West, Florida, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 35173 (1 of 4 if identifiable). Paralectotypes: (many) BMNH 1884.7.7.87-88 [from Jordan] (2), MNHN 1887-0475 and 0476 (2); USNM 35173 (3 of 4). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:300 [ref. 20736]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 244, p. 3283 for Sparisoma hoplomystax in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable. •Synonym of Sparisoma radians (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:61 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Sparisoma radians (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanopleura, Cheilinoides Bleeker [P.] 1851:72, Pl. 1 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 328] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype: BMNH 1864.5.15.12. •Valid as Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura (Bleeker 1851) -- (Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:211 [ref. 6441], Randall et al. 1990:309 [ref. 15987], Randall 1992:106 [ref. 20249], Allen 1995:17 [ref. 21855], Allen & Randall 1996:102 [ref. 22684], Allen 1997:182 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:190 [ref. 23965], Allen & Kuiter 1999:136 [ref. 24289], Parenti & Randall 2000:11 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:628 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1002 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:46 [ref. 25747], Allen 2000:112 [ref. 25868], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Hutchins 2001:268 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3423 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:1002 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:48 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:147 [ref. 27510], Allen et al. 2006:1382 [ref. 29095], Allen et al. 2008:131 [ref. 29752], Satapoomin 2009:219 [ref. 30463], Kuiter 2010:126 [ref. 35285] and as cf. cyanopleura on p. 129, Walsh & Tanaka 2012:2 [ref. 31758], Allen & Erdmann 2012:653 [ref. 31980], Walsh 2014:123 [ref. 33450], Allen et al. 2015:3 [ref. 33787], Victor 2016:44 [ref. 34858], Koeda et al. 2016:74 [ref. 35333], Zajonz et al. 2019:88 [ref. 36871] as cf. cyanopleura, Tea et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38271], Fujiwara et al. 2022:91 [ref. 39094]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura (Bleeker 1851). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Andaman Sea and Christmas Island east to Bali (Indonesia), north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

cyanopleura, Julis (Halichoeres) Bleeker [P.] 1853:489 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 336] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 6612. Paralectotypes: (7) ?BMNH 1862.2.28.88 (1), ?MNHN 0000-4030 (2) Jakarta, ?NMV 46309 (1), ?RMNH 3833 (some of 10). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:52-53 [ref. 19171]. Lectotype selected by Randall 1996:8 [ref. 22260]. Nomen protectum from Julis finlaysoni Valenciennes 1839 and Julis purpureolineatus Valenciennes 1839 -- (Randall & Parenti 1999:30 [ref. 24276]). •Valid as Leptojulis cyanopleura (Bleeker 1853) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:118 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:327 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:279 [ref. 23929], Randall et al. 1994:232 [ref. 21645], Randall 1996:6 [ref. 22260], Randall 1995:285 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:184 [ref. 23977], Allen 1997:192 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:199 [ref. 23922], Randall et al. 1997:327 [ref. 25919], Anderson et al. 1998:26 [ref. 23611], Parenti & Randall 2000:29 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:114 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:269 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3445 [ref. 26277], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Allen et al. 2006:1399 [ref. 29095], Satapoomin 2009:228 [ref. 30463], Kuiter 2010:256 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:698 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:135 [ref. 33932], Victor 2016:25 [ref. 34530] and as cyanopterus on p. 17, Eagderi et al. 2019:73 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:234 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:90 [ref. 36871] as cf. cyanopleura, Hata in Motomura et al. 2021:57 [ref. 38121], Randall & Victor 2022:224 [ref. 39916]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Leptojulis cyanopleura (Bleeker 1853). Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Solomon Islands, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

cyanospilatus, Crenilabrus Cocco [A.] 1840:242 [Il Maurolico, Giornale di Scienze, Lettere e Arti v. 4 (fasc. 6); ref. 23130] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Symphodus melanocercus (Risso 1810) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:42 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Symphodus melanocercus (Risso 1810). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanostigma, Julis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:391 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] Martinique Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-7407 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:53 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Halichoeres radiatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:24 [ref. 24943], Rocha & Rosa 2001:164 [ref. 25881]). Current status: Synonym of Halichoeres radiatus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanostolus, Cossyphus Richardson [J.] 1846:256 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China Seas. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1968.3.11.15 (dry half skin). Type information: Whitehead 1970:216 [ref. 11606]. •Synonym of Choerodon schoenleinii (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:10 [ref. 24943], Gomon 2017:32 [ref. 35547]). Current status: Synonym of Choerodon schoenleinii (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanotaenia, Labrichthys Bleeker [P.] 1854:331 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 343] Larantuka, Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6540. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1864.5.15.38 (1). •Synonym of Labrichthys unilineatus (Guichenot 1847) -- (Randall et al. 1990:325 [ref. 15987], Parenti & Randall 2000:26 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3442 [ref. 26277], Randall 2005:420 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1397 [ref. 29095], Randall & Victor 2022:220 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Labrichthys unilineatus (Guichenot 1847). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanotaenia, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1854:197 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 342] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ?BMNH 1864.5.15.28. •Name applies to an intial phase of Chlorurus, probably a synonym of Chlorurus bleekeri (de Beaufort 1940) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:52 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:448 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Chlorurus bleekeri (de Beaufort 1940). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanoventor, Julis Saville-Kent [W.] 1893:296, Color Pl. 16 (fig. 14) [The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialities; ref. 13269] Rocky Island, Cape Flattery, Queensland, Australia. No types known. Originally as cyano-ventor. •Questionably a synonym of Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:46 [ref. 24943]). •Incertae sedis in Labrinae -- (Allen et al. 2006:1418 [ref. 29095]). Current status: Synonym of Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanurus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:261 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Syntypes: (4) MNHN 0000-1724 (2), 0000-1725 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:293 [ref. 20736]. Four types according to Guichenot 1860:53 [ref. 13946]. •Synonym of Hipposcarus harid (Forsskål 1775) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:8 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:213 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:54 [ref. 24943], Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273]). •Synonym pf Hipposcarus harid (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Hipposcarus harid (Fabricius 1775). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyclurus, Calotomus Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:465, Fig. 24 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands [in error for Japan]. Holotype (unique): USNM 50849. •Synonym of Calotomus japonicus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Bruce & Randall 1985:13 [ref. 5234], Parenti & Randall 2000:51 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:451 [ref. 28379], Parenti & Randall 2011:40 [ref. 31299]) Current status: Synonym of Calotomus japonicus (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cylindriatus, Verreo Tanaka [S.] 1930:941, Pl. 187 (fig. 513) [Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan v. 47; ref. 14931] Tokyo fish market, Japan. Holotype (unique): ZUMT 19933. •Valid as Bodianus cylindriatus (Tanaka 1930) -- (Yamakawa in Okamura et al. 1982:247 [ref. 8256], Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:202 [ref. 6441], Chave & Mundy 1994:367 [ref. 22375], Parenti & Randall 2000:5 [ref. 24943], Nakabo 2000:974 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:974 [ref. 26193], Mundy 2005:432 [ref. 28379], Gomon 2006:22 [ref. 28730], Randall 2007:322 [ref. 30952], Kuiter 2010:48 [ref. 35285]). Current status: Valid as Bodianus cylindriatus (Tanaka 1930). Labridae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific: Taiwan north to southern Japan; Hawaiian Ridge, Hawaiian Islands; Chesterfield Islands (New Caledonia). Habitat: marine.