Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Mugilidae: [ 329 ] records

abu, Mugil Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1097 [107] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Tigris River, near Mosul, Iraq. Syntypes: NMW 9224-30 (7), 67868 (2). On p. 107 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Valid as Chelon abu (Heckel 1843) -- (Randall 1995:234 [ref. 22896], Ghasamzadeh 2022:312 [ref. 39712]). •Valid as Liza abu (Heckel 1843) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:891 [ref. 20764], Coad 1991:22 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:28 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Thomson 1997:513 [ref. 23428], Carpenter et al. 1997:202 [ref. 23922], Coad 1998:103 [ref. 23869], Ünlü et al. 2000:27 [ref. 24525], Rafique 2000:327 [ref. 25220], Fricke et al. 2007:67 [ref. 29533], Coad 2010:229 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:374 [ref. 33391]). •Valid as Planiliza abu (Heckel 1843) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:892 [ref. 34062], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Çiçek et al. 2015:151 [ref. 35151], Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Esmaeili et al. 2017:87 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:69 [ref. 36089], Eagderi et al. 2019:86 [ref. 37020], Bayçelebi 2020:762 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:257 [ref. 37644], Freyhof et al. 2020:190 [ref. 37658], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:277 [ref. 37983], Bayhan 2021:250 [ref. 40683], Al-Faisal et al. 2022:1407 [ref. 39565], Çiçek et al. 2023:31 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:447 [ref. 40625], Esmaeili & Hamidan 2023:215 [ref. 40377], Saad et al. 2023:46 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:367 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Planiliza abu (Heckel 1843). Mugilidae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and adjacent Euphrates and Tigris River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

acutus, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:140 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] "New Holland" [= probably northwestern Australia]. No types known. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:721 [ref. 21541]. •Status uncertain -- (Thomson 1997:544 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:685 [ref. 29000]). Mugilidae.

adustus, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1854:503 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 5965] Padang, Sumara, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Thomson 1997:524 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Mugilidae.

affinis, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:433, Fig. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Amoy, China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1860.7.20.11. •Valid as Liza affinis (Günther 1861) -- (Senou et al. 1987:312 [ref. 24301], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:461 [ref. 25598], Liu & Shen 1991:275 [ref. 19215], Thomson 1997:514 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2085 [ref. 24780], Ho & Shao 2011:39 [ref. 31432], Shen & Durand 2016:76 [ref. 35591]). •Synonym of Liza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Planiliza affinis (Günther 1861) -- (Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Kim et al. 2020:77 [ref. 39118]). •Valid as Chelon affinis (Günther 1861) -- (Randall 1995:235 [ref. 22896], Takahashi et al. 1997:46 [ref. 24971], Sato et al. 1998:40 [ref. 24972], Kim & Kim 1998:251 [ref. 25740], Chang et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24091], Mizuno et al. 1999:10 [ref. 25311], Nakabo 2000:538 [ref. 25086], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Sakai et al. 2001:103 [ref. 25693], Shimizu 2001:34 [ref. 25799], Kim & Park 2002:296 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:538 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:362, 630 [ref. 26218], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2018:221 [ref. 36460]). •Valid as Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Hasan et al. 2022:504 [ref. 39700]). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

akame, Liza Tanaka [S.] 1916:395 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 28 (no. 336); ref. 15080] Urado, near Kochi City, Japan. Holotype (unique): ZUMT (lost). •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Thomson 1997:525 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

alatus, Mugil Steindachner [F.] 1892:364 [8] [133] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 59 (1. Abth.); ref. 14517] Madagascar rivers and Antananarivo Bay, Madagascar. Holotype (unique): NMW 86329. On p. 8 of separate; on p. 133 of abstract. •Valid as Chelon alata (Steindachner 1892) -- (Chang et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24091], Ghasamzadeh 2022:312 [ref. 39712]). •Valid as Liza alata (Steindachner 1892) -- (Smith & Smith 1986:716 [ref. 5717], Larson & Martin 1990:61 [ref. 16606], Liu & Shen 1991:277 [ref. 19215], Allen 1991:146 [ref. 21090], Thomson 1997:515 [ref. 23428], Larson & Williams 1997:364 [ref. 23967], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Fricke 1999:358 [ref. 24106], Harrison & Senou 1999:2086, 2088 [ref. 24780], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Keith et al. 2002:106 [ref. 31473], Randall et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27624], Morgan et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27718], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:366 [ref. 28072], Hoese & Bray 2006:678 [ref. 29000], Allen et al. 2008:78 [ref. 30265], Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989], Durand & Whitfield 2016:109 [ref. 35590] with author as Steindachner 1892). •Valid as Planiliza alata (Steindachner 1892) -- (Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Fricke et al. 2018:96 [ref. 35805], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Planiliza alata (Steindachner 1892). Mugilidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and East Africa to Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes); eastern Indonesia and New Guinea east to Tonga and Marquesas Islands, south to northern Western Australia and Gulf of Carpentaria (Queensland, Australia). Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

albula, Mugil Linnaeus [C.] 1766:520 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Carolina [South Carolina, U.S.A.], Jamaica and Bahamas. Syntypes: Linn. Soc. Lond. 139 (left half-skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1985:63 [ref. 20705]. Type information: Goode & Bean 1885:206 [ref. 1841]. Based on multiple sources, including the the 'Albula bahamensis' of Catesby 1743:6, Pl. 6 (v. 2) [ref. 774] [Bahamas], the Mugil argenteus minor ... of Browne 1756:450 [ref. 30188] [Jamaica], and a manuscript description and 1 specimen sent by A. Garden [South Carolina]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Okada 1961:628 [ref. 6363], Smith 1986:437 [ref. 22186], Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Mundy 2005:278 [ref. 28379], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). •Possibly a synonym of Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836 -- (see Menezes et al. 2010:66 [ref. 30860]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

albula, Mugil Forster [J. R.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:120, xxxii [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] New Zealand. No types known. Description given on p. 120, Latinized name in index on p. xxxii. Based on description in manuscript by Forster (Johann Reinhold Forster, 1729-1798, German explorer and naturalist of Cook's second voyage). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Mugil albula Linnaeus 1766. •Synonym of Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:472 [ref. 23428]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

alcocki, Mugil Ogilby [J. D.] 1908:21 [Annals of the Queensland Museum No. 9 (pt 1); ref. 3285] Madras, India. Based on Mugil subviridis of Günther 1861:423. •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Liu & Shen 1991:276 [ref. 19215], Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2093 [ref. 24780], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

alosoides, Liza Fowler [H. W.] 1903:746, Pl. 45 (upper fig.) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1361] Gabon River, West Africa. Holotype: ANSP 9771. Paratypes: ANSP 9772-77 (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:128 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Liza dumerili (Steindachner 1870) -- (Thomson 1986:345 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1997:518 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Liza ramada (Risso 1827) -- (Thomson 1990:858 [ref. 19180]). •Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Current status: Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

amarulus, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:133 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Java, Indonesia; Coromandel, India; Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-3720 (1) Java, A-3721 (4) Puducherry, A-3722 (1) Mumbai. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:680 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:501 [ref. 23428]). •Questionably a synonym of Valamugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2106 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989] with question). •Synonym of Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: marine.

americanus, Cephalus Plumier [C.] in Lacepède 1803:388 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Appeared as name only in account of Mugil plumierii. Regarded as not available. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

analis, Myxus Kner [R.] 1865:231, Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [Reise der öesterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 18427] Shanghai, China. Syntypes: ?NMW 21415 (1), 22814 (2), 67166-67 (5, 2), 69636 (2). Also appeared in Kner 1865:504 [ref. 4928], earliest not established. •Questionably a synonym of Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:472 [ref. 23428] with locality as Sydney). Current status: Uncertain as Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

anged, Mugil Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1398 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Red Sea. Mugilidae.

anpinensis, Mugil Oshima [M.] 1922:245, Pl. 11 (fig. 1) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 13 (nos 3-4) (art. 6); ref. 15322] Anpin near Tainan, Kwaren River at Kada, Kwarenke, Taiwan. Holotype: FMNH 59143 [ex CM 8281]. Paratypes: (4). Type catalog: Henn 1928:89 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:58 [ref. 12367], Ho & Shao 2011:38 [ref. 31432]. •Synonym of Liza melinoptera (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:527 [ref. 23428], Ho & Shao 2011:38 [ref. 31432], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

appendiculatus, Mugil Bosc [L. A. G.] in Lacepède 1803:398 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Not available, name in footnote in account of Mugilomorus annacarolina. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

argenteus, Cephalus Plumier [C.] in Lacepède 1803:460 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Not available, name only in the account of Clupea macrocephalus. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

argenteus, Mugil Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:338, Pl. 59 (fig. 3) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4961 (3). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:680 [ref. 21541]. •Valid as Liza argentea (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:110 [ref. 25477], Kuiter 1993:262 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:661 [ref. 22532], Thomson in McDowall 1996:196 [ref. 22909], Allen 1997:176 [ref. 23977], Thomson 1997:516 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2087 [ref. 24780], Johnson 1999:742 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Hoese & Bray 2006:678 [ref. 29000], Gomon 2008:392 [ref. 30616], Kuiter 2018:67 [ref. 36369]). •Valid as Gracilimugil argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Durand et al. 2012:693 [ref. 32366], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:31 [ref. 35589]). Current status: Valid as Gracilimugil argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: Southern Australia north to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia), including Tasmania. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ashanteensis, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1863:91, Pl. 19 (fig. 2) [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 18 (1862); ref. 395] Ashantee, Guinea [now Ghana]. Holotype (unique): RMNH 1631. Original as ashanteënsis. Holotype figured by Boeseman 1963:Pl. 2 (fig. 4) [ref. 21734]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies -- (Trewavas 1973:568 [ref. 7201], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1203 [ref. 13677]). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1986:348 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:859 [ref. 19180], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989], Harrison 2016:2105 [ref. 34599]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

atherina, Mugil Pallas [P. S.] 1814:224 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Tauriae, Odessa, Ukraine, Black Sea. No types known. Mugilidae.

atherinoides, Mugil Duncker [G.] & Mohr [E.] 1926:133, Figs. 7-8 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg. v. 42; ref. 15585] New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Lectotype: ZMH H163. Paralectotypes: ZMH H164 (16), H165 (120), H166 (8), H167 (2), H168 (2), H169 (27). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:405 [ref. 21161] as syntypes. Lectotype selected by Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181]. •Synonym of Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:502 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

auratus, Mugil Risso [A.] 1810:344 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:42 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Mugil auratus Risso 1810 -- (Berg 1949:998 [ref. 20662]). •Valid as Planiliza aurata (Risso 1810) -- (Çiçek et al. 2015:151 [ref. 35151], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[22] 260 [ref. 36492]). •Valid as Liza aurata (Risso 1810) -- (Dor 1984:190 [ref. 29757], Trewavas 1973:571 [ref. 7201], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1199 [ref. 13677], Thomson 1986:345 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:856 [ref. 19180], Goren & Dor 1994:51 [ref. 25356], Coad 1995:28 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:86 [ref. 25304], Kottelat 1997:157 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:517 [ref. 23428], Arruda 1997:114 [ref. 24952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:748 [ref. 24702], Sokolov 1998:114 [ref. 23571], Fricke 1999:42 [ref. 24101], Koutrakis & Economidis 2000:299 [ref. 25056], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:105 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:145 [ref. 39343], Parin 2003:S15 [ref. 28536], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:172 [ref. 28183], Golani 2005:48 [ref. 37112], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:176 [ref. 28369], Fricke et al. 2007:67 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:465 [ref. 29996], Vasil'eva 2007:62 [ref. 30517], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:169 [ref. 31251], Esmaeili et al. 2010:374 [ref. 33391], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:52 [ref. 36649], Trape et al. 2012:127 [ref. 31792], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Parin et al. 2014:189 [ref. 33547], Harrison 2016:2088 [ref. 34599], Durand & Whitfield 2016:110 [ref. 35590], Golani & Fricke 2018:118 [ref. 36273], Ćaleta et al. 2019:185 [ref. 37026], Carneiro et al. 2019:203 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:98 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:126 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:50 [ref. 37515], Golani 2021:65 [ref. 38303]). •Valid as Chelon auratus (Risso 1810) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:892 [ref. 34062], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Barbieri et al. 2015:86 [ref. 35029], Durand 2016:29 [ref. 35589], Xia et al. 2016:168 [ref. 34127], Esmaeili et al. 2017:86 [ref. 35254] as aurata, Esmaeili et al. 2018:68 [ref. 36089], Martins & Carneiro 2018:100 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Çiçek et al. 2020:257 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:273 [ref. 37983], Kovačić et al. 2020:30 [ref. 37519], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Abliazov et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38576], Bañón & Maño 2021:88 [ref. 38887], Kovačić et al. 2021:54 [ref. 39014], Niță et al. 2022:49 [ref. 40471], Thieme et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39600], Çiçek et al. 2023:472 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:445 [ref. 40625], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:34 [ref. 40667], Saad et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747] as Chelonaurata, Çiçek et al. 2024:362 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Sea of Azov; eastern Atlantic: Scotland south to Senegal, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

australis, Mugil Steindachner [F.] 1879:30 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 20480] Probably Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): NMW 68550. Species later described in more detail in Steindachner 1879:6 [ref. 4228]. •Synonym of Liza argentea (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Thomson 1997:516 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2087 [ref. 24780], Hoese & Bray 2006:678 [ref. 29000]). •Synonym of Gracilimugil argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Current status: Synonym of Gracilimugil argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

axillaris, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:131 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean; New Guinea. Syntypes: MNHN A-0842 (1) Mauritius, A-3622 (1) New Guinea. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:681 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:193 [ref. 29757], Thomson 1997:505 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2107 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

bananensis, Myxus Pellegrin [J.] 1927:56 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 3408] Banana, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 19695. •Valid as Myxus bananensis Pellegrin 1927 -- (Thomson 1986:349 [ref. 6215], Poll & Gosse 1995:107 [ref. 24781]). •Valid as Mugil bananensis (Pellegrin 1927) -- (Thomson 1990:858 [ref. 19180], Albaret in Lévêque et al. 1992:784 [ref. 21590], Thomson 1997:481 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2007:461 [ref. 30081], Trape et al. 2012:126 [ref. 31792], Durand et al. 2012:692 [ref. 32366], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Harrison 2016:2103 [ref. 34599], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Durand & Whitfield 2016:103 [ref. 35590] as Pellegrin 1927, Skelton 2019:228 [ref. 36564], Reiner 2019:128 [ref. 38139], Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442], Fermon et al. 2022:272 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Mugil bananensis (Pellegrin 1927). Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands, Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bandialensis, Liza Diouf [P. S.] 1991:1, Fig. [Document scientifique du CRODT No. 129; ref. 31793] Region of Foundiougne village, Saloum channel, Sine Saloum estuary, Senegal, 14°7.000'N, 16°28.000'W. Neotype: MNHN 2009-0970. Other material: IRD (1), MNHN (4), MRAC (1). Also appeared in Diouf 1996:123, fig. 4.11 (on p. 125) [ref. 30564]. Original syntypes lost. Neotype selected by Trape et al. 2012:122 [ref. 31792]. •Valid as Liza bandialensis Diouf 1991 -- (Trape et al. 2009:513 [ref. 30563], Trape et al. 2012:122 [ref. 31792], Harrison 2016:2090 [ref. 34599], Durand & Whitfield 2016:103 [ref. 35590]). •Valid as Chelon bandialensis (Diouf 1991) -- (Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:29 [ref. 35589], Thieme et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39600]). Current status: Valid as Chelon bandialensis (Diouf 1991). Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal, Gambia and Guinea Bissau. Habitat: brackish, marine.

banksi, Mugil Seale [A.] 1910:501, Pl. 5 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Siquijor Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): BSMP 1412 (apparently destroyed). •Synonym of Crenimugil heterocheilos (Bleeker 1855) -- (Thomson 1997:510 [ref. 23428] as heterocheilus, Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil heterocheilos (Bleeker 1855). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

barbatus, Cephalus Plumier [C.] in Bloch 1795:28 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 9; ref. 464] Not available, manuscript name mentioned in the synonymy of Polynemus paradiseus Linnaeus 1758. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

barnardi, Myxus Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1914:83 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 14155] Durban Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAM 12428. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Smith & Smith 1986:718 [ref. 5717], Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

belanak, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1857:337 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 16868] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 6388 (6 of 8). Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1860.3.19.367-370 (4), 1880.4.21.155-158 (4); SMNS 10616 (3). Type catalog: Fricke 1991:17 [ref. 13474], Fricke 2005:49 [ref. 29864]. •Mention under Liza tade (Forsskål 1775) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:895 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Liza tade (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:535 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Liza planiceps (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2091 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Planiliza tade (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza tade (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

berlandieri, Mugil Girard [C. F.] 1858:167 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 10; ref. 1813] St. Joseph Island, Indianola, Brazos Santiago, Brazos, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 763 to 767 (4, 12, 5, 8, 12). See also Girard 1859:20, Pl. 10 (figs 1-4) [ref. 13405]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Okada 1961:628 [ref. 6363], Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:182 [ref. 24550], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). •Possibly a synonym of Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836 -- (see Menezes et al. 2010:66 [ref. 30860]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

birarae, Agonostoma Duncker [G.] & Mohr [E.] 1926:134, Fig. 9 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg. v. 42; ref. 15585] Liebliche Islands [Bismark Archipelago], Mowe Harbor, Vangoi, New Pommerania, South Seas. Lectotype: ZMH H155. Paralectotypes: ZMH H154 (1), H156 (1), H157 (2). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:405 [ref. 21161] as syntypes, Lectotype selected by Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181]. •Synonym of Valamugil engeli (Bleeker 1858) -- (Thomson 1997:503 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Moolgarda engeli (Bleeker 1858) -- (Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Osteomugil engeli (Bleeker 1858). Current status: Synonym of Osteomugil engeli (Bleeker 1858). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

bispinosus, Mugil Bowdich [S. L.] 1825:236, Fig. 38 [Fishes of Madeira; ref. 590] Bona Vista, Cape Verde Islands. No types known. •Valid as Chelon bispinosus (Bowdich 1825) -- (Thomson 1990:855 [ref. 19180], Senou et al. 1996:72 [ref. 23193], Thomson 1997:541 [ref. 23428], Trape et al. 2012:126 [ref. 31792], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Harrison 2016:2085 [ref. 34599], Durand 2016:29 [ref. 35589], Durand & Whitfield 2016:103 [ref. 35590], Parenti 2019:7 [ref. 36934], Thieme et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39600]). Current status: Valid as Chelon bispinosus (Bowdich 1825). Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde Islands endemic. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bleekeri, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:445 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Rivers of Bangka, Indonesia. No types known. Based on Mugil borbonicus of Bleeker 1859:375. •Synonym of Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:506 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

bontah, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1853:48 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 8); ref. 341] Puducherry and Bengal, India. Syntypes: RMNH 6388 (2 of 8). Based on "Bontah Russ. No. 180 = Mugil cephalus Buch? = Mugil cephalotus CV (ex parte). Bontah Russ. is Russell 1803: 64, Pl. 181 [ref. 13862] which is clear from Bleeker 1857:336 [ref. 16868]. •Synonym of Liza tade (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:535 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Chelon planiceps (Valenciennes 1836) based on placement of tade. •Synonym of Planiliza tade (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza tade (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

borbonicus, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:113 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-3660. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:681 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Valamugil seheli with author as Cantor 1850 [= Cantor 1849]; perhaps a misidentification -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2107 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Fricke 1999:360 [ref. 24106], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

borealis, Liza Popov [A. M.] 1930:80, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Trudy Sevastopol'skoi Biologicheskoi Stantii Akademii Nauk SSSR v. 2; ref. 6576] Vladivostok, Russia; Yellow Sea; Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan; Tumangan River, Russia/North Korea. Syntypes: ZIN 1579 (1), 8401 (1), 9570 (1), 12533 (1), 12606 (1), 22249 (2). •Synonym of Mugil soiuy Basilewsky 1855 -- (Berg 1949:996 [ref. 20662], Sokolov 1998:115 [ref. 23571]). •Synonym of Liza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Thomson 1997:523 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Liza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Parin 2003:S16 [ref. 28536], Harrison in Miller 2004:469 [ref. 27853], Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989], Parin et al. 2014:190 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2017:73 [ref. 35138]). •Synonym of Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

borneensis, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1851:201 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 329] Bandjarmasin, Borneo, Indonesia. Syntypes: (7) RMNH 6403 (now 13). Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1880.4.21.164-165 (2), NMV 46367-68 (2). Original spelling was as borneënsis. •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:891 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448], Thomson 1997:524 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2088 [ref. 24780], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

brachysoma, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1855:399 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 16848] Pasuruan, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6387 (1 of 8). •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

brasiliensis, Mugil Agassiz [L.] 1831:134 [misprinted 234], Pl. 72 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Atlantic off Brazil. Syntypes: ?MHNN 507 (4). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:150 [ref. 21784], see also Trewavas 1950:149. See Trewavas 1950:149 [ref. 22237]. Name suppressed and placed on Official Index in Opinion 1787. See also Thomson 1997:544 [ref. 23428] and Harrison 2003:1079, 1085 [ref. 27016]. •Valid as Mugil brasiliensis Agassiz 1831 -- (Herrera 1896:40 [ref. 39336] with author as Linnaeus). •In the synonymy of Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836 -- (Menezes et al. 2010:61 [ref. 30860]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

breviceps, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:106 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Gorée, Senegal. Holotype (unique): MNHN -4677. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:681 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Liza aurata (Risso 1810) -- (Thomson 1986:345 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:856 [ref. 19180], Kottelat 1997:157 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:517 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Current status: Synonym of Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

breviceps, Mugil Steindachner [F.] 1866:52 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 20460] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Syntypes: (orig. 2) NMW 75847 (2) or 60923 (2). Appeared first in the abstract as above, then in Steindachner 1866:459, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [ref. 4210]; also on p. 36 of separate. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Mugil breviceps Valenciennes 1836, replaced by Mugil parviceps Waite 1804. •Synonym of Myxus petardi (Castelnau 1875) -- (Thomson 1997:476 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2098 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Trachystoma petardi (Castelnau 1875) -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:683 [ref. 29000]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Trachystoma petardi (Castelnau 1875). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

brevirostris, Querimana Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1915:Trematolepides p. 7 [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 17; ref. 3711] Cananéia, São Paulo, 25°00’45"S, 47°56’07'W. Brazil. Neotype: MZUSP 115087. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. On p. 39 when continuously paginated. •Questionably a synonym of Mugil trichodon Poey 1875 -- (Thomson 1997:494 [ref. 23428]). •Valid as Mugil brevirostris Miranda Ribeiro 1915 -- (Menezes et al. 2015:3 [ref. 33678] with author as Ribeiro, Marceniuk et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35324] with author as Ribeiro, Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442], Neves et al. 2020:[6] 168 [ref. 38248], Caires in Marceniuk et al. 2021:269 [ref. 38945], Koerber et al. 2022:79 [ref. 39235], Carvalho-Filho 2023:200 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Mugil brevirostris Miranda Ribeiro 1915. Mugilidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Amapá south to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) endemic. IUCN (2023): Not assessed. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

britannicus, Mugil Hancock [J.] 1830:129, 137 [Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and the Arts, London 1830 (pt. 1) (for Jan.-June 1830); ref. 18243] London market. No types known. •Tentatively a synonym of Liza ramada Rafinesque 1810 -- (Trewavas 1973:570 [ref. 7201], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:530 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2003:28 [ref. 27341] but dating to 1826). •Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Current status: Uncertain as Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

broussonnetii, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:117 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] South Seas [= Cook Islands, Polynesia]. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-3656. Type catalog: Bauchot 1969:130 [ref. 20807], Blanc & Hureau 1972:681 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:215 [ref. 25473]). •Valid as Mugil broussonnetii Valenciennes 1836 -- (Thomson 1997:482 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2095 [ref. 24780], Randall et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27624], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589]). Current status: Valid as Mugil broussonnetii Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Distribution: Pacific. Habitat: marine.

buchanani, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1853:99 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 8); ref. 341] Hooghly River, Calcutta, India. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6383. Hoese & Bray 2006:684 [ref. 29000]. The name malabarica has not been used since the early 1800's. •Valid as Valamugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853) -- (Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:120 [ref. 6441], Smith & Smith 1986:719 [ref. 5717], Allen & Swainston 1988:110 [ref. 25477], Allen 1991:148 [ref. 21090], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:901 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:230 [ref. 24016], Thomson 1997:500 [ref. 23428], Allen 1997:176 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:364 [ref. 23967], Fricke 1999:361 [ref. 24106], Harrison & Senou 1999:2102 [ref. 24780], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Seegers et al. 2003:46 [ref. 28087], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:369 [ref. 28072], Hoese & Bray 2006:684 [ref. 29000], Allen et al. 2008:83 [ref. 30265], Larson et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32988]). •Synonym of Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Randall 1995:237 [ref. 22896]). •Synonym of Moolgarda pedaraki (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122]). •Possibly a synonym of Valamugil pedaraki (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Carpenter et al. 1997:205 [ref. 23922]). •Valid as Moolgarda buchanani (Bleeker 1853) -- (Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Fricke et al. 2014:36 [ref. 33932], Shen & Durand 2016:78 [ref 35591], Durand & Whitfield 2016:107 [ref. 35590] with author as Bleeker 1853, Fricke et al. 2018:94 [ref. 35805]). •Synonym of Moolgarda malabarca (Shaw 1804) -- (Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989], Ghasamzadeh 2022:320 [ref. 39712]). •Valid as Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853) -- (Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:30 [ref. 35589], Eagderi et al. 2019:85 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:65 [ref. 36871] as cf. buchanani, Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853). Mugilidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Mariana Islands and Papua New Guineanorth to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

buosega, Mugil Nardo [G. D.] (ex Chiereghini) 1847:col. 127 [Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell' opera intitolata: ...; ref. 17994] Not available, Chiereghini name mentioned in synonymy. •In the synonymy of Chelon labrosus (Risso 1827) -- (Kottelat 1997:157 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Chelon labrosus (Risso 1827). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

caecutiens, Myxus Günther [A.] 1876:397 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 17 (no. 101) (art. 43); ref. 2007] Rodrigues Island, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1876.3.11.31-32 (2). Clearly as caecutiens on p. 389, unclear if caecutiens or coecutiens on p. 397. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1986:348 [ref. 6215], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Fricke 1999:361 [ref. 24106], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

caeruleomaculatus, Mugil Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:385, 389 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] No locality [= probably Indo-Pacific]. No types known. Spelled coeruleo-maculata by Bleeker 1851:484 [ref. 16898]. •Synonym of Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:505 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2107 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Fricke 1999:360 [ref. 24106], Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

caeruleum, Chelon Deef [L. E. M.] 2018:109, Figs 2-4 [Croatian Journal of Fisheries v. 76; ref. 36437] Rashid, northern coast of Egypt, 31°32'N, 30°25'E. Holotype: AFDZ 2008-123. Paratypes: AFDZ. Combined with a genus of masculine gender, the specific name would be caeruleus. •Valid as Chelon caeruleus Deef 2018. Current status: Uncertain as Chelon caeruleus Deef 2018. Mugilidae. Distribution: Mediterranean coast of Egypt. Habitat: marine.

calancalae, Myxus de Beaufort [L. F.] 1940:112 [6], Pl. 10a [Freshwater fishes from the Leeward Group, Venezuela and eastern Colombia v. 2; ref. 13161] Lower Río Calancala, near San Antonio, Goajira [Guajira], Colombia. Syntypes: ZMA 112930 (6). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:91 [ref. 19236]. On p. 6 of separate. •Synonym of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 -- (Thomson 1997:487 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Mugil incilis Hancock 1830 -- (Harrison et al. 2007:92 [ref. 29185], Menezes et al. 2015:24 [ref. 33678]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil incilis Hancock 1830. Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

caldwelli, Mugil Fowler [H. W.] 1900:524, Pl. 19 (fig. 4) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 52; ref. 14727] Samoa. Holotype (unique): ANSP 9841. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:128 [ref. 13621]. •Questionably a synonym of Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Thomson 1997:477 [ref. 23428]). •Questionably a synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). Current status: Uncertain as Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

camptosiensis, Mugil Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:48 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Gamptoos River, near Algoa Bay, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. •Status uncertain -- (Thomson 1997:544 [ref. 23428]). •Questionably a synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

canaliculatus, Mugil Smith [J. L. B.] 1935:630, Fig. 15; Pls. 16B, 17D, 18E-F [Annals of the South African Museum v. 30 (pt 5); ref. 15739] Knysna, Cape Province, South Africa. Syntypes: (43) SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 84 [ex AMG] (1), 643 [ex AMG 6489] (14), 17942 [ex AMG] (1); BMNH 1935.3.27.2 [ex AMG] (1); USNM 93647 [es AMG] (2). •Synonym of Liza dumerili (Steindachner 1870) -- (Smith & Smith 1986:716 [ref. 5717], Thomson 1997:519 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2016:2091 [ref. 34599]). •Synonym of Chelon dumerili (Steindachner 1870). Current status: Synonym of Chelon dumerili (Steindachner 1870). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cantoris, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1853:100, Pl. 1 (fig. 4) [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 8); ref. 341] Hooghly River, Calcutta, India. Syntypes: (5) RMNH 6402 (3). •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

capensis, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:108 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Syntypes: MNHN A-4643 (1, dry), A-4700 (1, dry) Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:682 [ref. 21541]. •Valid as Myxus capensis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1986:349 [ref. 6215], Smith & Smith 1986:718 [ref. 5717], Winterbottom et al. 1989:50 [ref. 13251], Skelton 1993:352 [ref. 24071], Poll & Gosse 1995:107 [ref. 24781], Thomson 1997:474 [ref. 23428], Skelton 2001:352 [ref. 27406], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:368 [ref. 28072], Ghasamzadeh 2022:324 [ref. 39712]). •Valid as Pseudomyxus capensis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Durand et al. 2012:695 [ref. 32366], Durand 2016:35 [ref. 35589], Durand & Whitfield 2016:106 [ref. 35590] with author as Valenciennes 1836, Russell & van Oijen 2021:432 [ref. 38177]). Current status: Valid as Pseudomyxus capensis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic, southwestern Indian Ocean: Western Cape, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

capito, Mugil Cuvier [G.] 1829:232 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] La Rochelle, France, Bay of Biscay, northeastern Atlantic. Lectotype: MNHN A-3587. Non-types: MNHN A-3581-to 3583 (3, 2, 1), A-3585 to 3586 (1, 1), A-3593 (1), A-3748 (1), A-3750 (1), A-4695 (1), A-4699 (1), A-4701 (1). Type catalog and lectotype designation: Blanc & Hureau 1972:682-684 [ref. 21541] but their paralectotypes are probably not types of Cuvier 1829. Also appeared in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:36, Pl. 308 (part) [ref. 1005]. •Synonym of Mugil ramada Risso 1810 -- (Berg 1949:995 [ref. 20662]). •Synonym of Liza ramada (Risso 1827 not 1810) -- (Trewavas 1973:570 [ref. 7201], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1200 [ref. 13677], Thomson 1986:347 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:857 [ref. 19180], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:530 [ref. 23428], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:106 [ref. 26753], Harrison 2003:28 [ref. 27341], Parin 2003:S16 [ref. 28536], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:52 [ref. 36649], Parin et al. 2014:190 [ref. 33547], Harrison 2016:2097 [ref. 34599]). •Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827) -- (Durand et al. 2012:692 [ref. 32366]). Current status: Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

capurrii, Myxus Perugia [A.] 1892:1007 [1] [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 12; ref. 14516] Senegal River. Syntypes: BMNH 1971.4.28.12-14 (3); MSNG 38908 (13, now 10). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:334 [ref. 10350]. On p. 1 of separate. •Valid as Mugil capurrii (Perugia 1892) -- (Trewavas 1973:568 [ref. 7201], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1202 [ref. 13677] as capurii, Thomson 1990:858 [ref. 19180] as cappurrii, Thomson 1997:482 [ref. 23428], Koutrakis & Economidis 2000:299 [ref. 25056], Falcón et al. 2003:145 [ref. 39343], Trape et al. 2012:126 [ref. 31792], Durand et al. 2012:692 [ref. 32366], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Harrison 2016:2104 [ref. 34599], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Durand & Whitfield 2016:110 [ref. 35590] as capurii and author as Perugia 1892, Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442], Fermon et al. 2022:272 [ref. 39448] with question). Current status: Valid as Mugil capurrii (Perugia 1892). Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Morocco south to Senegal, ?Togo. Habitat: brackish, marine.

carinatus, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:148 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Red Sea. Lectotype: MNHN A-3643. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-3619 (1) Mumbai, A-03629 (1) Guam, A-3631 (2) Puducherry, A-3820 (4) Seychelles, 1987-1322 [ex MNHN A-3643] (1); ZMB 1842 (4). Lectotype selected by Thomson 1997:518 [ref. 23428]. Original description also from 'Séchelles' (Seychelles, Western Indian Ocean), 'Côte malabare' (Malabar coast, India), 'île Guam' (Guam, Western Pacific Ocean) and 'Pondichéry' (Pondicherry/Puducherry, India). •Synonym of Chelon affinis (Günther 1861) -- (Choi et al. 2003:630 [ref. 26218]). •Valid as Liza carinata (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Trewavas 1973:572 [ref. 7201], Dor 1984:191 [ref. 29757], Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:119 [ref. 6441], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1200 [ref. 13677], Wu & Lu in Kuang et al. 1986:206 [ref. 26639] as carinatus, with authors as Cuvier & Valenciennes, Senou et al. 1987:306 [ref. 24301], Zheng 1989:299 [ref. 21202], Liang in Pan et al. 1991:349 [ref. 23876] as carinatus, Goren & Dor 1994:51 [ref. 25356], Zhu 1995:166 [ref. 25213], Coad 1996:86 [ref. 25304], Thomson 1997:518 [ref. 23428], Kim 1997:374 [ref. 24032], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Koutrakis & Economidis 2000:299 [ref. 25056], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:105 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:48 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:67 [ref. 29533], Çiçek et al. 2015:151 [ref. 35151], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:98 [ref. 36864]). •Valid as Chelon carinata (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Randall 1995:235 [ref. 22896], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Chelon carinatus (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Fricke et al. 2018:93 [ref. 35805], Eagderi et al. 2019:84 [ref. 37020], Kovačić et al. 2021:54 [ref. 39014], Ghasamzadeh 2022:313 [ref. 39712]). •Valid as Planiliza carinata (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35590], Ali et al. 2018:342 [ref. 36183], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[4] 242 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:119 [ref. 36273], Bariche & Fricke 2020:120 [ref. 37515], Golani 2021:66 [ref. 38303], Hasan et al. 2022:508 [ref. 39700], Çiçek et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2024:368 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Planiliza carinata (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to India; immigrated into eastern Mediterranean Sea through Suez Canal (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: brackish, marine.

cascasia, Mugil Hamilton [F.] 1822:217, 380 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Rivers of northern Bengal. No types known. Hamilton's original, unpublished illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 123 [ref. 37532]. •Valid as Mugil cascasia Hamilton 1822 -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:275 [ref. 24860]). •Valid as Sicamugil cascasia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:899 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:588 [ref. 23778], Thomson 1997:496 [ref. 23428], Menon 1999:293 [ref. 24904], Rafique 2000:327 [ref. 25220], Karmakar 2000:35 [ref. 25662], Mirza 2003:21 [ref. 27265], Ataur Rahman 2003:299 [ref. 31338], Shrestha 2008:222 [ref. 29923], Shen & Durand 2016:81 [ref. 35591] as Hamilton 1822). •Valid as Minimugil cascasia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Durand et al. 2012:694 [ref. 32366], Durand 2016:31 [ref. 35589]). Current status: Valid as Minimugil cascasia (Hamilton 1822). Mugilidae. Distribution: Asia: Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

catalai, Agonostomus telfairi var. Pellegrin [J.] 1932:426 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 57 (no. 5); ref. 16391] Upper Mananano, Madagascar. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1932-0162. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:678 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Agonostomus telfairii Bennett 1832 -- (Thomson 1986:344 [ref. 6215]). •Valid as Agonostomus catalai Pellegrin 1932 -- (Thomson 1997:464 [ref. 23428], Durand et al. 2012:690 [ref. 32366], Durand 2016:28 [ref. 35589], Fricke et al. 2018:92 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Agonostomus catalai Pellegrin 1932. Mugilidae. Distribution: Comoros and Madagascar. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

catalarum, Mugil Whitley [G. P.] 1951:394 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 4715] La Foa, Bogny River, New Caledonia. Holotype (unique): AMS IB.2242. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:321 [ref. 28867], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

caustelus, Mugil Nardo [G. D.] (ex Chiereghini) 1847:col. 127 [Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell' opera intitolata: ...; ref. 17994] Not available, Chiereghini name mentioned in synonymy. •In the synonymy of Liza ramada (Risso 1827) -- (Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952]). •In the synonymy of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Mugilidae.

cephalotus, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:110 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Malabar and Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-8102 (1) Malabar, A-4645 (1, dry) Puducherry, A-4698 (1, dry) Puducherry. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:685 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Okada 1961:627 [ref. 6363], Trewavas 1973:567 [ref. 7201], Thomson 1986:348 [ref. 6215], Skelton 1993:351 [ref. 24071], Coad 1996:6 [ref. 23831], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2096 [ref. 24780], Mundy 2005:278 [ref. 28379], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cephalus, Mugil Linnaeus [C.] 1758:316 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European sea, Europe. Possible syntypes: NRM 43 (1), 44 (2), 143 (1). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:257-258 [ref. 20707]. May be replaced in the western Atlantic by Mugil liza', see ref. 30860 but this is not so [ref. 34431]. Probably an apparent species complex [ref. 32710]. •Valid as Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758, subspecies cephalus -- (Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:458 [ref. 25598], Cheng & Zhou 1997:241 [ref. 26385], Nakabo 2000:538 [ref. 25086], Pietsch et al. 2001:143 [ref. 25688], Sakai et al. 2001:104 [ref. 25693], Shimizu 2001:33 [ref. 25799], Shimizu 2001:34 [ref. 25799], Keith et al. 2002:110 [ref. 31473], Nakabo 2002:538 [ref. 26001], Hagiwara 2003:37 [ref. 27188], Ataur Rahman 2003:301 [ref. 31338], Motomura et al. 2010:80 [ref. 31256], Koeda et al. 2016:13 [ref. 35333], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2018:225 [ref. 36460], Murase et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40935], Sato et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40949]). •Valid as Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:40 [ref. 39336], Berg 1949:992 [ref. 20662], Okada 1961:627 [ref. 6363], Trewavas 1973:567 [ref. 7201], Lee et al. 1980:779 [ref. 22416], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:234 [ref. 9277], Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:129 [ref. 25473], Dor 1984:192 [ref. 29757], Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:119 [ref. 6441], Smith 1986:437 [ref. 22186], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1202 [ref. 13677], Robins & Ray 1986:212 [ref. 23100], Thomson 1986:348 [ref. 6215], Ortega & Vari 1986:19 [ref. 9708], Smith & Smith 1986:718 [ref. 5717], Wu & Lu in Kuang et al. 1986:203 [ref. 26639], Allen & Swainston 1988:110 [ref. 25477], Robison & Buchanan 1988:472 [ref. 23393], Scott & Scott 1988:400 [ref. 25518], Pequeño 1989:63 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:205 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:50 [ref. 13251], McAllister 1990:154 [ref. 14674], Thomson 1990:859 [ref. 19180], Allen 1991:147 [ref. 21090], Coad 1991:26 [ref. 15702], Liu & Shen 1991:275 [ref. 19215], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:896 [ref. 20764], Liang in Pan et al. 1991:345 [ref. 23876], Albaret in Lévêque et al. 1992:783 [ref. 21590], Boschung 1992:153 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:361 [ref. 23827], Gamboa Pérez 1992:327 [ref. 38704], Indra 1993:189 [ref. 24009], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:230 [ref. 24016], Etnier & Starnes 1993:379 [ref. 22809], Kuiter 1993:263 [ref. 23929], Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448], Swift et al. 1993:132 [ref. 22379], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:167 [ref. 25472], Francis 1993:164 [ref. 25479], Gomon et al. 1994:662 [ref. 22532], Poll & Gosse 1995:107 [ref. 24781], Allen & Robertson 1994:194 [ref. 22193], Goren & Dor 1994:51 [ref. 25356], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995:1297 [ref. 22830], Coad 1995:29 [ref. 23608], Zhu 1995:166 [ref. 25213], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:202 [ref. 27969], Thomson in McDowall 1996:193 [ref. 22909], Coad 1996:86 [ref. 25304], Mettee et al. 1996:745 [ref. 25836], Chen et al. 1997:37 [ref. 26476], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:460 [ref. 24023], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Murdy et al. 1997:186 [ref. 23144], Allen 1997:176 [ref. 23977], Thomson 1997:483 [ref. 23428], Larson & Williams 1997:364 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:204 [ref. 23922], Kim 1997:372 [ref. 24032], Arruda 1997:114 [ref. 24952], Takahashi et al. 1997:46 [ref. 24971], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:748 [ref. 24702], Sokolov 1998:115 [ref. 23571], Coad 1998:103 [ref. 23869], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:875 [ref. 23897], Castro et al. 1998:79 [ref. 24271], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:198 [ref. 24555], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:12 [ref. 24670], Sato et al. 1998:40 [ref. 24972], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Chang et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24091], Fricke 1999:360 [ref. 24106], Keith et al. 1999:82 [ref. 24548], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:181 [ref. 24550], Harrison & Senou 1999:2096 [ref. 24780], Mizuno et al. 1999:10 [ref. 25311], Mishra et al. 1999:87 [ref. 25315], Afonso et al. 1999:83 [ref. 25466], Johnson 1999:742 [ref. 25471], Fuller et al. 1999:277 [ref. 25838], Allen 2000:90 [ref. 37268], Dyer 2000:85 [ref. 26678], Keith et al. 2000:20 [ref. 24547], Ruiz-Campos et al. 2000:72 [ref. 24940], Koutrakis & Economidis 2000:299 [ref. 25056], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Rafique 2000:327 [ref. 25220], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:48 [ref. 25480], Thomson et al. 2000:288 [ref. 25640], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:187 [ref. 25703], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:103 [ref. 26368], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:153 [ref. 27754], Chereshnev & Shestakov 2001:382 [ref. 25410], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Ross et al. 2001:345 [ref. 25978], Wang et al. 2001:204 [ref. 26566], Skelton 2001:351 [ref. 27406], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Kim & Park 2002:294 [ref. 25913], Allen et al. 2002:255 [ref. 25930], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:107 [ref. 26753], Moyle 2002:441 [ref. 26449], Thompson in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:277 [ref. 26158], Choi et al. 2003:362, 630 [ref. 26218], López et al. 2002:64 [ref. 26808], Falcón et al. 2003:145 [ref. 39343], Harrison 2003:1079 [ref. 27016], Mirza 2003:21 [ref. 27265], Harrison 2003:7 [ref. 27341], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S113 [ref. 27377], Fedorov et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27579], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Parin 2003:S16 [ref. 28536], Ghasemzadeh et al. 2004:9 [ref. 28614], Randall et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27624], Khan 2003:10 [ref. 27710], Nelson et al. 2004:97 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3327 [ref. 27945], Miller & Robison 2004:279 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:368 [ref. 27995], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:367 [ref. 28072], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:174 [ref. 28183], Golani 2005:49 [ref. 37112], Randall 2005:77 [ref. 28239], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:176 [ref. 28369], Ibáñez & Gallardo-Cabello 2005:305 [ref. 28373], Love et al. 2005:62 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:278 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Bray 2006:680 [ref. 29000], Miller 2006:183 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2006:37 [ref. 30386], Fricke et al. 2007:67 [ref. 29533], Harrison 2007:459 [ref. 30081], Harrison et al. 2007:91 [ref. 29185], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:468 [ref. 29996], Randall 2007:135 [ref. 30952], Vasil'eva 2007:63 [ref. 30517], Wirtz et al. 2007:27 [ref. 30263], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:347 [ref. 30085], Fricke 2008:21 [ref. 30182], Gomon 2008:393 [ref. 30616], González Castro et al. 2008:319 [ref. 29811], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:169 [ref. 31251], Fricke et al. 2009:30 [ref. 30213], García-Hernández et al. 2009:92 [ref. 37265], Minckley & Marsh 2009:272 [ref. 31114], Esmaeili et al. 2010:374 [ref. 33391], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:52 [ref. 36649], Matsunuma et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31558], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Menezes et al. 2010:59 [ref. 30860], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Page & Burr 2011:607 [ref. 31215], Durand et al. 2012:692 [ref. 32366], Trape et al. 2012:126 [ref. 31792], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Angulo et al. 2013:1003 [ref. 33194], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989], McMahan et al. 2013:446 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972] needs confirmation, Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Fricke et al. 2014:36 [ref. 33932], Morgan et al. 2014:36 [ref. 36567], Parin et al. 2014:191 [ref. 33547], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:30 [ref. 33341], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:892 [ref. 34062], Psomadakis et al. 2015:297 [ref. 34104], Trnski 2015:944 [ref. 34273], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:406 [ref. 34894], Barbieri et al. 2015:87 [ref. 35029], Esmaeili et al. 2015:122 [ref. 35030], Çiçek et al. 2015:151 [ref. 35151], Kramer et al. 2016:unnumbered p. [ref. 34331], Pacheco-Almanzar et al. 2016:385 [ref. 34431], Miesen et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34492], Harrison 2016:2105 [ref. 34599], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Shen & Durand 2016:80 [ref. 35591], Durand & Whitfield 2016:107 [ref. 35590], Kells et al. 2016:116 [ref. 35888], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:73 [ref. 35138], Esmaeili et al. 2017:87 [ref. 35254], Kwun et al. 2017:141 [ref. 37287], Labatos 2017:4 [ref. 36239], Pusey et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35250], Ali et al. 2018:341 [ref. 36183], Esmaeili et al. 2018:69 [ref. 36089], Freitas et al. 2018:77 [ref. 36259], Fricke et al. 2018:95 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:119 [ref. 36273], Kuiter 2018:67 [ref. 36369], Martins & Carneiro 2018:98 [ref. 36550], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Robins et al. 2018:181 [ref. 35886], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35859], Suresh et al. 2018:152 [ref. 36495], Arndt & Fricke 2019:22 [ref. 36883], Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Burton & Lea 2019:53 [ref. 37205], Ćaleta et al. 2019:185 [ref. 37026], Carneiro et al. 2019:204 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:98 [ref. 36864], Eagderi et al. 2019:86 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:76 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:154 [ref. 36626], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:253 [ref. 37108], Reiner 2019:129 [ref. 38139], Zajonz et al. 2019:65 [ref. 36871], Bariche & Fricke 2020:51 [ref. 37515], Çiçek et al. 2020:257 [ref. 37644], Freyhof et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37614], Freyhof et al. 2020:188 [ref. 37658], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Hasan et al. 2020:134 [ref. 37945], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:275 [ref. 37983], Kovačić et al. 2020:30 [ref. 37519], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442], Psomadakis et al. 2020:520 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:37 [ref. 37637], Abliazov et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38576], Akaike et al. 2021:19 [ref. 38809], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080], Bañón & Maño 2021:88 [ref. 38887], Dyldin et al. 2021:45 [ref. 38804], Golani 2021:65 [ref. 38303], Love et al. 2021:91 [ref. 39279], Kovačić et al. 2021:54 [ref. 39014], Taki et al. 2021:316 [ref. 39830], Fermon et al. 2022:272 [ref. 39448], Ghasamzadeh 2022:323 [ref. 39712], Meza-Vargas et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39566], Niță et al. 2022:55 [ref. 40471], Zajonz et al. 2022:48 [ref. 40522], Angulo et al. 2023:67 [ref. 40676], Çiçek et al. 2023:473 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:31 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:446 [ref. 40625], Esmaeili & Hamidan 2023:215 [ref. 40377], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:34 [ref. 40667], Saad et al. 2023:45 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40747], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:171, Valenzuela et al. 2023:96 [ref. 40815], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40981], Çiçek et al. 2024:366 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Distribution: Nearly circumglobal in temperate and tropical seas and estuaries (including Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Sea of Japan); introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ceramensis, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1853:699 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 16833] Wahai, Ceram, Indonesia. Syntypes: (3) RMNH 640 (?3 of 4). Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1880.4.21.175-176 (2), NMV 46369-70 (2). •Synonym of Liza melinoptera (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:527 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2089 [ref. 24780], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cestreo, Mugil cephalus var. Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:33, 56 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:103 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cetaceus, Sparus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] 1817:5 [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Name only, not available. Possibly appeared in an unpublished work. See also Sparus cetaceus Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler in Graells 1887. •In the synonymy of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cetaceus, Sparus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] in Graells 1887:179 [Revista de los Progresos de las Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Madrid v. 22 (no. 3); ref. 30438] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Name only, not available. See also Sparus cetaceus Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler 1817. •In the synonymy of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ceylonensis, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:446, Fig. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Sri Lanka. Syntypes: (4) BMNH 1860.3.19.792 (1), 1860.3.19.973-794 (3). The name malabarica has not been used as a valid name since the early 1800's (R. Fricke 2014). •Synonym of Valamugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853) -- (Thomson 1997:500 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2102 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Moolgarda malabarica (Shaw 1804) -- (Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

chaptalii, Mugil Eydoux [J. F. T.] & Souleyet [F. A.] 1850:171, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 4501] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8100. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:685-686 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Randall 2005:77 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:136 [ref. 30952]). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2096 [ref. 24780], Mundy 2005:278 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

charlottae, Mugil Steindachner [F.] 1902:129 [41], Pl. 4 (figs. 2-2a) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 72 (for 11 July 1901); ref. 10435] Guayaquil, Ecuador. Holotype (unique): ZSM [old collection] destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:277 [ref. 28925]. On p. 41 of separate. •Valid as Mugil charlottae Steindachner 1902 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:41 [ref. 37559]). •Synonym of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 -- (Thomson 1997:487 [ref. 23428], Mirande & Koerber 2015:55 [ref. 35117]). •Synonym of Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892. Current status: Synonym of Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

chelo, Mugil Cuvier [G.] 1829:232 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Brest, France. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-6400. Paralectotypes: (18) MNHN A-3588 to 3589 (2, 4), A-3596 (4), A-3599 (1), A.3602 to 3603 (2, 1), A-3775 (1), A-4651 (1, dry), A-4693 (1, dry), A-4697 (1, dry). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:686-687 [ref. 21541]. Lectotype selected by Blanc & Hureau 1971:686-687 [ref. 21541]. Also appeared in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:50, Pl. 309 (part) [ref. 1005]. •Synonym of Mugil labrosus Risso 1827 -- (Berg 1949:994 [ref. 20662]). •Synonym of Chelon labrosus (Risso 1827) -- (Trewavas 1973:569 [ref. 7201], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1198 [ref. 13677], Thomson 1986:345 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:855 [ref. 19180], Kottelat 1997:157 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:540 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2003:17 [ref. 27341], Parin 2003:S15 [ref. 28536], Golani 2005:48 [ref. 37112], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:51 [ref. 36649], Parin et al. 2014:189 [ref. 33547], Harrison 2016:2086 [ref. 34599], Çiçek et al. 2024:363 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Chelon labrosus (Risso 1827). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

chelone, Mugil cephalus var. Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:33, 56 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Valid as Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:103 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

chilensis, Mugil Molina [J. I.] 1782:224 [Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chile, del Signor Abate Giovanni Ignazio Molina.; ref. 17783] Chile. No types known. Counts and description do not agree with any species occurring in Chile. •Status uncertain -- (Thomson 1997:544 [ref. 23428], Rosa & Rosa 1987:1049 [ref. 6066]). •Valid as Mugiloides chilensis (Molina 1782) -- (Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:335 [ref. 24555]). •Here regarded as unidentifiable (Mugil with a single dorsal fin). •See Mugiloides. Nomen Dubium. Mugilidae. Distribution: Chile. Habitat: marine.

choirorynchus, Dajaus Hill [R.] 1855:143 [Transactions of the Jamaica Society of Arts. v. 1 (for 1854-1855); ref. 20782] No distinguishing features, not available (see Jordan & Evermann 1898:2841 for discussion), from Jamaica. •Status uncertain -- (Thomson 1997:544 [ref. 23428]). Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

ciliilabis, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:151 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Lima, Peru. Syntypes: MNHN A-3627 (7), A-3628 (6, poor condition). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:687-688 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cirrhostomus, Mugil Forster [J. R.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:121, Pl. 32 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Pacific. No types known. Based on description in manuscript by Forster (Johann Reinhold Forster, 1729-1798, German explorer and naturalist of Cook's second voyage). Species epithet misspelled cirrhosthomus by Cuvier 1831:171 [ref. 30398]. •Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:509 [ref. 23428] with a holotype as MNHN A.3624, Harrison & Senou 1999:2083 [ref. 24780], Hoese & Bray 2006:677 [ref. 29000], Fricke et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36673], Kwun & Myoung 2019:1948 [ref. 36732]). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

communis, Mugil Solander [D. C.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:118 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Not available, name mentioned in passing in synonymy of Mugil broussonnetii Valenciennes 1836. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

compressus, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:451 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1861.11.7.1. Additional material: (2). •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:679 [ref. 29000]). •Synonym of Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes 1836). •Synonym of Liza grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1990:857 [ref. 19180], Thomson 1997:521 [ref. 23428] with question). •Synonym of Liza melanoptera (Valenciennes 1836) -- ( Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

constantiae, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:107 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Freshwaters near Constance. Syntypes: MNHN A-3663 to 3664 (1, 1); ZMB 1832 [ex MNHN] (1). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:688 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

convexus, Mugil De Vis [C. W.] 1885:869 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 4); ref. 1091] Cardwell, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.999. •Synonym of Liza argentea (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Thomson 1997:516 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:678 [ref. 29000]). •Synonym of Gracilimugil argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Current status: Synonym of Gracilimugil argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

corrugatus, Mugil Lowe [R. T.] 1838:184 [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 2 (pt 3, art. 14); ref. 2831] Off Madeira. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Chelon labrosus (Risso 1827) -- (Trewavas 1973:569 [ref. 7201], Kottelat 1997:157 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:540 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2003:17 [ref. 27341]). Current status: Synonym of Chelon labrosus (Risso 1827). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

corsula, Mugil Hamilton [F.] 1822:221, 381, Pl. 9 (fig. 97) [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Most rivers of the Gangetic provinces, and in southern parts of Bengal; has been introduced in some ponds. No types known. Hamilton's original illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 126 [ref. 37532]. •Synonym of Rhinomugil squamipinnis (Swainson 1839) -- (Thomson 1997:499 [ref. 23428]) but see account of Mugil squamipinnis. •Valid as Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton 1822) -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:273 [ref. 24860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:897 [ref. 20764], Indra 1991:242 [ref. 24005], Indra 1994:424 [ref. 24015], Sen 1995:588 [ref. 23778], Rema Devi & Raghunathan 1999:159 [ref. 24759], Menon 1999:293 [ref. 24904], Khan 2003:10 [ref. 27710], Yadav 2003:22 [ref. 27711], Ataur Rahman 2003:298 [ref. 31338], Shrestha 2008:221 [ref. 29923], Durand et al. 2012:693 [ref. 32366], Ahmed et al. 2013:286 [ref. 32872], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989], Durand 2016:35 [ref. 35589], Shen & Durand 2016:80 [ref. 35591], Suresh et al. 2018:154 [ref. 36495], Kosygin et al. 2022:669 [ref. 40736], Tudu et al. 2022:44 [ref. 40484]). Current status: Valid as Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton 1822). Mugilidae. Distribution: South Asia: India. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

costaricana, Myxus harengus var. Borodin [N. A.] 1928:16 [Bulletin Vanderbilt Oceanographic Museum v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 526] Costa Rica. Syntypes: VMM 402 (2, disintegrated, discarded) (label at AMNH). •Questionably a synonym of Mugil trichodon Poey 1875 -- (Thomson 1997:494 [ref. 23428]). Current status: Uncertain as Mugil trichodon Poey 1875. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

crenidens, Mugil Kner [R.] 1865:229, Pl. 9 (fig. 4) [Reise der öesterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 18427] Australia [as New Holland]. Syntypes: NMW 9299-9300 (? now 1). Thomson 1997:475 [ref. 23428] gives 9299-9300 as holotype of crenidens; there were 2 specimens originally. •Synonym of Myxus elongatus Günther 1861 -- (Thomson 1997:475 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:681 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Synonym of Myxus elongatus Günther 1861. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

crenilabis, Mugil Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:73, xiv [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Red Sea. No types known. Species as crenilabrus is a misspelling. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:358 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Several taxa appearing in association with crenilabis but without the designation 'DESCR' are regarded as varieties of crenilabis (after correspondence with I. Harrison, 5/11/2005). Authorship according to Fricke 2008:20 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Moolgarda crenilabis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Yoshigou 2022:14 [ref. 39640]). •Valid as Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:190 [ref. 29757], Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:120 [ref. 6441], Smith & Smith 1986:715 [ref. 5717], Winterbottom et al. 1989:50 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:290 [ref. 15987], Liu & Shen 1991:278 [ref. 19215], Kuiter 1993:264 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:164 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:51 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:236 [ref. 22896], Thomson 1997:509 [ref. 23428], Randall et al. 1997:290 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:70 [ref. 23965], Chang et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24091], Fricke 1999:358 [ref. 24106], Harrison & Senou 1999:2079 [ref. 24780], Mizuno et al. 1999:10 [ref. 25311], Johnson 1999:742 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:90 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:537 [ref. 25086], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:340 [ref. 25191], Sakai et al. 2001:103 [ref. 25693], Keith et al. 2002:104 [ref. 31473], Nakabo 2002:537 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:44 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:614 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:22 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:68 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:365 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:76 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:277 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Bray 2006:677 [ref. 29000], Fricke 2008:20 [ref. 30182], Fricke et al. 2009:29 [ref. 30213], Shibukawa 2009:43 [ref. 30449], Motomura et al. 2010:79 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:156 [ref. 31980], Durand et al. 2012:694 [ref. 32366], Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:12 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:3 [ref. 35354], Durand 2016:30 [ref. 35589], Shen & Durand 2016:75 [ref. 35591], Durand & Whitfield 2016:107 [ref. 35590] with author as Forsskål 1775, Fricke et al. 2018:93 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:118 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:21 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36673], Kwun & Myoung 2019:1948 [ref. 36732], Zajonz et al. 2019:65 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:518 [ref. 37272], Toyama et al. 2021:55 [ref. 38509], Ghasamzadeh 2022:318 [ref. 39712], Zajonz et al. 2022:49 [ref. 40522], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775). Mugilidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marshall Islands, Marquesas Islands and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia), possibly east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to Korea and Ibaraki Prefecture (Japan), south to Lord Howe Island (Australia) and Rapa. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

crenilepis, Mugil Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:49 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Mouth of Comptoos River, southern Cape Province, South Africa. No types known. •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Thomson 1997:525 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cryptocheilos, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:61 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Nile River, Egypt. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-3665. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:688 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Liza aurata (Risso 1810) -- (Trewavas 1973:571 [ref. 7201], Thomson 1986:345 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:856 [ref. 19180], Kottelat 1997:157 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:517 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Current status: Synonym of Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cunnesius, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:114 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Coromandel coast, India; Molucca Islands, Indonesia; Mumbai, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-4636 (1, dry) Moluccas, A-3701-02 (2, 2) Mumbai, A-3726-27 (2, 1) Malabar, B-2678 [ex A.3702] (1), B-2629 [ex A.3701] (1), 1992-0561 [ex A-3727] (1). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:688-689 [ref. 21541] with MNHN A.4636 as holotype. Based on 'Kunnesée' of Russell 1803:65, Pl. 181(vol. 2) [ref. 13862], and on additional syntype material. •Valid as Liza cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Dor 1984:191 [ref. 29757], Liu & Shen 1991:277 [ref. 19215]). •Valid as Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:120 [ref. 6441], Smith & Smith 1986:719 [ref. 5717], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:463 [ref. 25598], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:901 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:126 [ref. 23448], Goren & Dor 1994:52 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:204 [ref. 27969], Thomson 1997:501 [ref. 23428], Larson & Williams 1997:364 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:205 [ref. 23922], Fricke 1999:361 [ref. 24106], Keith et al. 1999:86 [ref. 24548], Harrison & Senou 1999:2103 [ref. 24780], Skelton 2001:373 [ref. 27406], Skelton 2002:172 [ref. 26839], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:41 [ref. 27712], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:369 [ref. 28072], Hoese & Bray 2006:684 [ref. 29000], Marshall 2011:201 [ref. 31755], Larson et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Osteomugil cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Durand et al. 2012:694 [ref. 32366], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Ali et al. 2018:341 [ref. 36183], Suresh et al. 2018:149 [ref. 36495], Zajonz et al. 2019:65 [ref. 36871] as cf. cunnesius, Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Hasan et al. 2020:140 [ref. 37945], Zajonz et al. 2022:53 [ref. 40522], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455]). •Valid as Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Randall 1995:237 [ref. 22896], Chang et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24091], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S113 [ref. 27377], Fricke et al. 2009:29 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:57 [ref. 34464], Psomadakis et al. 2015:295 [ref. 34104], Shen & Durand 2016:79 [ref 35591], Durand & Whitfield 2016:109 [ref. 35590], Fricke et al. 2018:94 [ref. 35805], Jawad et al. 2018:118 [ref. 36262] as M. cunnesius s.l., Musikasinthorn in Kimura et al. 2018:224 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:86 [ref. 37020], Psomadakis et al. 2020:518 [ref. 37272], Taki et al. 2021:315 [ref. 39830], Ghasamzadeh 2022:320 [ref. 39712], Seo & Kim 2023:910 [ref. 40745]). Current status: Valid as Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to New Guinea and Vanuatu, north to Taiwan and southern Korea, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cunnumboo, Mugil Day [F.] 1865:141, Fig. [The fishes of Malabar; ref. 1074] Malabar, India. Holotype or Syntypes and/or Day specimens: ZSI F1418 (1). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:160 [ref. 23762]. •Questionably a synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Thomson 1997:525 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

curema, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:87 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Bahia, Brazil. Lectotype: MNHN A-3638. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-3653 (1) Cuba, ?A-4641 (1, dry) Maracaibo, A-4655 (1, dry) Martinique, A-4671 (1, dry) Martinique. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:689-690 [ref. 21541]. Names in competition were suppressed in Opinion 1787. Lectotype selected by Harrison 1993:145 [ref. 21990]. •Valid as Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:41 [ref. 37559], Lee et al. 1980:780 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:438 [ref. 22186], Ortega & Vari 1986:19 [ref. 9708], Robins & Ray 1986:213 [ref. 23100], Thomson 1986:349 [ref. 6215], Lea et al. 1988 [ref. 21796], Scott & Scott 1988:400 [ref. 25518], Pequeño 1989:63 [ref. 14125], McAllister 1990:155 [ref. 14674], Thomson 1990:859 [ref. 19180], Albaret in Lévêque et al. 1992:782 [ref. 21590], Boschung 1992:153 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:361 [ref. 23827], Gamboa Pérez 1992:327 [ref. 38704], Cervigón 1993:374 [ref. 24474], Allen & Robertson 1994:194 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:138 [ref. 23101], Poll & Gosse 1995:107 [ref. 24781], Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995:1297 [ref. 22830], Mettee et al. 1996:745 [ref. 25836], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:215 [ref. 22947], Murdy et al. 1997:187 [ref. 23144], Thomson 1997:487 [ref. 23428], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:461 [ref. 24023], González Bencomo et al. 1997:159 [ref. 24960], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:876 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:198 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:182 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:163 [ref. 25013], Keith et al. 2000:24 [ref. 24547], Marín 2000:76 [ref. 26252], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:153 [ref. 27754], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Lim et al. 2002:70 [ref. 28310], Collette et al. 2003:102 [ref. 26784], Nirchio et al. 2003:113 [ref. 26807], Harrison 2003:1080 [ref. 27016], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:65 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:14 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:97 [ref. 27807], Ibáñez & Gallardo-Cabello 2005:305 [ref. 28373], Love et al. 2005:62 [ref. 37547], Nirchia et al. 2005:107 [ref. 29206], Miller 2006:183 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2006:37 [ref. 30386], Harrison 2007:457 [ref. 30081], Harrison et al. 2007:77 et seq. [ref. 29185], Wirtz et al. 2007:7, 27 [ref. 30263], García-Hernández et al. 2009:92 [ref. 37265], Matamoros et al. 2009:19 [ref. 31241], Minckley & Marsh 2009:274 [ref. 31114], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Ibáñez et al. 2011:386 [ref. 31203], Koerber 2011:9 [ref. 31122], Durand et al. 2012:692 [ref. 32366], Trape et al. 2012:126 [ref. 31792], Angulo et al. 2013:1003 [ref. 33194], Di Dario et al. 2013:262 [ref. 37503], McMahan et al. 2013:446 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:30 [ref. 33341], Alvarez-Lajonchere & Alvarez-Lajonchere Ponce de León 2015:48 [ref. 34139], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:406 [ref. 34894], Menezes et al. 2015:17 [ref. 33678], Mirande & Koerber 2015:55 [ref. 35117], Schmidt & McMullin 2015:4 [ref. 36603], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Durand & Whitfield 2016:103 [ref. 35590], Fourriére et al. 2016:442 [ref. 34668], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34871], Harrison 2016:2107 [ref. 34599], Costa et al. 2017:45 [ref. 35684], Marceniuk et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35859], Robins et al. 2018:182 [ref. 35886], Robins et al. 2018:182 [ref. 35886] dated 1835 with parentheses, Spier et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36103], Almeida & Alves 2019:271 [ref. 37509], Britzke et al. 2019:397 [ref. 36980], González-Murcia et al. 2019:294 [ref. 36544], Reiner 2019:129 [ref. 38139], Ribeiro et al. 2019:6 [ref. 36717], López-Segovia et al. 2020:111 [ref. 38151], Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442], Neves et al. 2020:[6] 168 [ref. 38248], Robertson et al. 2020:159 [ref. 38098], Caires in Marceniuk et al. 2021:270 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:70 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:272 [ref. 39448], Ibañez et al. 2022: 3 [ref. 39302], Koerber et al. 2022:79 [ref. 39235], Angulo et al. 2023:67 [ref. 40676], Carvalho-Filho 2023:199 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:33 [ref. 40710], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40981], Vieira et al. 2023:19 [ref. 40759]). Current status: Valid as Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to southern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Namibia, including São Tomé and Principe. Eastern Pacific records based on Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892 (see ref. 36980). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

curtus, Mugil Yarrell [W.] 1836:210, Fig. [A history of British fishes; ref. 4812] Between Brownsey Island and South Haven, at the mouth of Poole Harbor, England. No types known. Also appeared as "Mugil curtus Yarell [sic]" in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:70, Pl. 311 [ref. 1005]. •Tentatively a synonym of Chelon labrosus (Risso 1827) -- (Trewavas 1973:569 [ref. 7201], Kottelat 1997:157 [ref. 22952], Harrison 2003:17 [ref. 27341]). •Status uncertain -- (Thomson 1997:545 [ref. 23428]). • Questionably a synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

curvidens, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:149, Pl. 314 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Ascension Island, South Atlantic; Bahia, Brazil. Lectotype: MNHN 115097. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-3626 (now 4), Bahia, A-3646 (3) Ascension. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:690 [ref. 21541]. Lectotype selected by Menezes et al. 2015 [ref. 33678]. •Valid as Mugil curvidens Valenciennes 1836 -- (Cervigón 1992:362 [ref. 23827], Thomson 1997:489 [ref. 23428], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1643 [ref. 25634], Harrison 2003:1081 [ref. 27016], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:65 [ref. 27192], Harrison et al. 2007:92 [ref. 29185], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:169 [ref. 32953], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972] as doubtful record, Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:30 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:4 [ref. 33516], Menezes et al. 2015:21 [ref. 33678], Pinheiro et al. 2015:9 [ref. 34324], Harrison 2016:2109 [ref. 34599], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442], Neves et al. 2020:[6] 168 [ref. 38248], Caires in Marceniuk et al. 2021:271 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:200 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Mugil curvidens Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Pará south to Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island. IUCN (2023): Not assessed. Habitat: marine.

cylindricus, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:132 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-3618 [ex RMNH]. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:690 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:505 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2107 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cyprinoides, Nestis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:167, Pl. 317 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Réunion, western Mascarenes; Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN A-963 (2) Mauritius, A-4318 (2) Réunion, 5553 (1) Mauritius. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:679 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Agonostomus telfairii Bennett 1832 -- (Thomson 1986:344 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1997:467 [ref. 23428]). Current status: Synonym of Agonostomus telfairii Bennett 1832. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

daguae, Joturus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1918:681 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56 (no. 7); ref. 12304] Río Dagua at Caldas, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 58457 [ex CM 7458]. Paratypes: CAS 60169 [ex IU 13846] (3), FMNH 58458 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:89 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:50 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061]). •Mention as dagua -- (Miller 2006:182 [ref. 28615]). •Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Current status: Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

decemradiatus, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:452 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Coasts of Jakarta and Timor, Indonesia. Original as decem-radiatus, correction mandatory. Based on Mugil parsia of Bleeker 1852:166. •Synonym of Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:506 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

delicatus, Mugil Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:341, Pl. 15 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: AMS I.16294-001 [ex MAMU F306] (4). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:206 [ref. 19518]. •Synonym of Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:506 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:684 [ref. 29000], Hoese & Bray 2006:685 [ref. 29000]). •Valid as Moolgarda delicata (Alleyne & Macleay 1877) -- (Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:153 [ref. 27511] as delicatus). •Synonym of Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

delicatus, Mugil Jouan [H.] 1878:333 [Mémoires de la Société nationale des Sciences naturelles et mathématiques de Cherbourg v. 21 (= Ser. 3, v. 1); ref. 18364] Listed as a new species but it is not; Mugil delicatus Alleyn & Macleay is listed in synonymy. •In the synonymy of Liza vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Dor 1984:192 [ref. 29757], Thomson 1997:538 [ref. 23428]). •In the synonymy of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Current status: Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae.

diadema, Mugil Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1911:42 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 11 (pt 2); ref. 14790] Durban Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Liza diadema (Gilchrist & Thompson 1911) -- (Roberts 1978:61 [ref. 8886]). •Synonym of Liza alata (Steindachner 1892) -- (Smith & Smith 1986:716 [ref. 5717], Liu & Shen 1991:277 [ref. 19215], Thomson 1997:515 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2086 [ref. 24780], Allen et al. 2008:78 [ref. 30265], Kottelat 2013:276 [32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza alata (Steindachner 1892). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza alata (Steindachner 1892). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

diemensis, Dajaus Richardson [J.] 1840:25 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1840 (pt 8, no. 87); ref. 3733] Port Arthur, Tasmania, Australia, southwestern Pacific, ca. 43°09'S, 147°51'E. Possible syntypes: BMNH 1855.9.19.223 (1), 1855.9.10.230-231 (2), 1855.9.19.1534 (1). Also described in Richardson 1842:123 [ref. 13097]. •Synonym of Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836), but questionably a valid subspecies -- (Thomson 1997:472-473 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2079 [ref. 24780], Hoese & Bray 2006:676 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Synonym of Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

digueti, Neomugil Vaillant [L. L.] 1894:73 [6] [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (8th Série) v. 6; ref. 4488] Streams in Santa Cruz Arroyo, Sierra de las Cacachilas, Baja California, Mexico. Syntypes: BMNH 1907.1.18.3-4 [ex MNHN] (?2); MNHN 1894-0044 to 0047 (4), 1894-0054 to 58 (5). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:700-701 [ref. 21541]. On p. 6 of separate. •Synonym of Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Thomson 1997:465 [ref. 23428], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:187 [ref. 24550], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Current status: Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

dobula, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:420, Fig. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Australia and Aneiteum, Vanuatu. Syntypes: (at least 11) BMNH 1844.2.15.51-52 (2, dry half skin), 1847.6.17.23 (1, dry half skin), 1848.10.25.30 (1, dry half skin), 1848.10.25.32 (1, stuffed), 1851.2.20.7-8 (2) Australia, Macgillwray coll., 1860.7.18.3 (1). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Okada 1961:627 [ref. 6363], Liu & Shen 1991:275 [ref. 19215], Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2096 [ref. 24780], Mundy 2005:278 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Bray 2006:680 [ref. 29000], Whitfield et al. 2012:1 [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

dobuloides, Nestis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:171 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-4650 (dry). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:679-680 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Agonostomus telfairii Bennett 1832 -- (Thomson 1986:344 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1997:467 [ref. 23428], Fricke 1999:357 [ref. 24106] as dubuloides). Current status: Synonym of Agonostomus telfairii Bennett 1832. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

dorsalis, Agonostomus Streets [T. H.] 1877:102 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum v.1 (no. 7); ref. 4290] Samoa. Holotype (unique): USNM 15111. •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Thomson 1997:525 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

dubahra, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:60 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Nile River. Syntypes: MNHN A-3730 (1, poor condition), A-3731 (2), A-3732 (2). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:691 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Liza ramada (Risso 1827) -- (Trewavas 1973:570 [ref. 7201], Thomson 1986:347 [ref. 6215], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Harrison 2003:28 [ref. 27341] dating to 1826). •Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Current status: Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

dumerili, Mugil Steindachner [F.] 1870:959 [15] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 60 (1. Abth.); ref. 18767] St. Louis, Senegal, western Africa. Holotype: NMW 60979. Paratypes: (several) NMW. On p. 15 of separate. •Valid as Liza dumerili (Steindachner 1870) -- (Thomson 1986:345 [ref. 6215], Smith & Smith 1986:716 [ref. 5717] as dumerilii, Thomson 1990:856 [ref. 19180], Albaret in Lévêque et al. 1992:787 [ref. 21590], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:166 [ref. 25472], Thomson 1997:519 [ref. 23428], Afonso et al. 1999:83 [ref. 25466], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:366 [ref. 28072], Harrison 2007:469 [ref. 30081], Harrison 2016:2091 [ref. 34599], Reiner 2019:126 [ref. 38139]). •Valid as Chelon dumerili (Steindachner 1870) -- (Senou et al. 1996:75 [ref. 23193], Wirtz et al. 2007:27 [ref. 30263], Trape et al. 2012:127 [ref. 31792], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:29 [ref. 35589], Durand & Whitfield 2016:107 [ref. 35590] with date 1869, Skelton 2019:228 [ref. 36564], Fermon et al. 2022:271 [ref. 39448], Ghasamzadeh 2022:313 [ref. 39712], Thieme et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39600]). Current status: Valid as Chelon dumerili (Steindachner 1870). Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), including São Tomé and Principe; southwestern Indian Ocean: Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) north to Mozambique. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

dussumieri, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:147 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Mumbai and Coromandel coast, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-3634 (1) Coromandel, 1990-0134 [ex MNHN A-3634] (2). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:691 [ref. 21541]. •Valid as Mugil dussumieri Valenciennes 1836 -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:276 [ref. 24860]). •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:894 [ref. 20764], Thomson 1997:533 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2093 [ref. 24780], Ataur Rahman 2003:301 [ref. 31338], Hoese & Bray 2006:679 [ref. 29000]). •Valid as Liza dussumieri (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Liu & Shen 1991:276 [ref. 19215], Liang in Pan et al. 1991:352 [ref. 23876], Zhu 1995:167 [ref. 25213], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Chelon dussumieri (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Chang et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24091]). •Synonym of Chelon subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Randall 1995:236 [ref. 22896], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Randall 2005:75 [ref. 28239]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

elaphus, Mugil Kielsen [F. C.] 1835:vi, Pl. 46 (fig. 1) [Icones piscium. Indicem systematicum; ref. 30365] No locality stated. No types known. Name apparently not used as valid after 1899. Mugilidae. Habitat: marine.

elongatus, Dajaus Kner [R.] 1863:222, "Fig. 2" (unpublished) [Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München 1863, v. 2; ref. 5002] Panama. Syntypes: ZSM no. 151 [old colelction] (2) destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:277 [ref. 28925]. Also appeared as new in Kner & Steindachner 1864:6, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [ref. 2649]. •Synonym of Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Thomson 1997:465 [ref. 23428], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Current status: Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

elongatus, Myxus Günther [A.] 1861:466 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Coast of Australia. Syntypes: BMNH 1847.6.17.33 (1, right half skin), 1847.10.22.16 (1, left half skin). Catalog numbers in brackets are from Thomson 1997:475 [ref. 23428] who treats a holotype and paratype. •Valid as Myxus elongatus Günther 1861 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:110 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:50 [ref. 13251] with question, Kuiter 1993:263 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:164 [ref. 25479], Gomon et al. 1994:663 [ref. 22532], Thomson in McDowall 1996:193 [ref. 22909], Allen 1997:176 [ref. 23977], Thomson 1997:475 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2097 [ref. 24780], Johnson 1999:742 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Hoese & Bray 2006:681 [ref. 29000], Gomon 2008:394 [ref. 30616], Durand et al. 2012:693 [ref. 32366], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Kuiter 2018:67 [ref. 36369]). Current status: Valid as Myxus elongatus Günther 1861. Mugilidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

engeli, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1858:277 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 16 (no. 2); ref. 13993] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 6392. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1880.4.21.167 (1), NMV 46366 (1). Lectotype selected by Thomson 1997:503 [ref. 23428]. •Synonym of Mugil strongylocephalus Richardson 1846 -- (Liang in Pan et al. 1991:347 [ref. 23876]). •Valid as Valamugil engeli (Bleeker 1858) -- (Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:120 [ref. 6441], Kottelat et al. 1993:126 [ref. 23448], Thomson 1997:503 [ref. 23428], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Harrison & Senou 1999:2104 [ref. 24780], Keith et al. 2002:112 [ref. 31473], Myers & Donaldson 2003:614 [ref. 27495], Mundy 2005:279 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Bray 2006:684 [ref. 29000], Larson et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Moolgarda engeli (Bleeker 1858) -- (Myers 1999:70 [ref. 23965], Nakabo 2000:541 [ref. 25086], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:14 [ref. 25806], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:154 [ref. 27511], Sakai et al. 2001:104 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:541 [ref. 26001], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:23 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:76 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:135 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:79 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:36 [ref. 33932], Shen & Durand 2016:79 [ref 35591], Psomadakis et al. 2020:519 [ref. 37272], Fukuchi et al. 2021:18 [ref. 38444], Toyama et al. 2021:56 [ref. 38509]). •Valid as Osteomugil engeli (Bleeker 1858) -- (Durand et al. 2012:694 [ref. 32366], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:xx [ref. 33988], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Fricke et al. 2018:95 [ref. 35805], Hasan et al. 2020:139 [ref. 37945], Yoshigou 2022:15 [ref. 39640], Furuhashi et al. 2023:23 [ref. 40140], Koreeda et al. 2023:26 [ref. 40124]). Current status: Valid as Osteomugil engeli (Bleeker 1858). Mugilidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Madagascar east to Mariana Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas Islands, north to Ibaraki Prefecture (Japan), south to New Caledonia, Tonga, Society Islands and Rapa; introduced in Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

euronotus, Mugil Smith [A.] 1846:no pagination, Pl. 29 (fig. 2) [Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa v. 4; ref. 4035] Cape Seas, South Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1848.2.1.4 (dry). •Synonym of Myxus capensis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1986:349 [ref. 6215], Smith & Smith 1986:718 [ref. 5717], Thomson 1997:474 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Pseudomyxus capensis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Pseudomyxus capensis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

falcipinnis, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:105 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Senegal. Syntypes: MNHN A-3728 (2), A-3729 (1) Gorée. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:691 [ref. 21541]. •Valid as Liza falcipinnis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1986:346 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:856 [ref. 19180], Albaret in Lévêque et al. 1992:785 [ref. 21590], Thomson 1997:520 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2007:467 [ref. 30081], Trape et al. 2012:127 [ref. 31792], Harrison 2016:2093 [ref. 34599], Reiner 2019:127 [ref. 38139]). •Valid as Neochelon falcipinnis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Durand et al. 2015:695 [ref. 32366], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Durand & Whitfield 2016:106 [ref. 35590] as falcipinis, Skelton 2019:228 [ref. 36564], Fermon et al. 2022:272 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Neochelon falcipinnis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

fasciatus, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:125 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Red Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-3637. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:692 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:190 [ref. 29757], Thomson 1997:509 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989], Kwun & Myoung 2019:1948 [ref. 36732]). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ferrandi, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:232 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Port Jackson, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4961 (3). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:692 [ref. 21541]. Appeared first in Cuvier 1829:232 [ref. 995] without a precise tie to previous literature, as "M. Ferrandi, ib." with "ib." referring to Voyage de Freycinet [Quoy & Gaimard]. Appeared in 1836 with description based on Quoy & Gaimard's Mugil Ferrandi, Pl. 59 (fig. 3); Quoy & Gaimard (1825:338 [ref. 3574]) used the vernacular "Ferrand" and named the species Mugil argenteus. Mugil ferrandi would be an absolute synonym of M. argenteus. •Synonym of Liza argentea (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Thomson 1997:516 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2087 [ref. 24780], Hoese & Bray 2006:678 [ref. 29000]). •Synonym of Gracilimugil argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Current status: Synonym of Gracilimugil argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

flavus, Myxus Mohr [E.] 1927:182, Figs. 4a-b [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 54; ref. 15800] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Lectotype: ZMH H58. Paralectotypes: (4) ZMH H395 (1). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:405 [ref. 21161] as syntypes. Lectotype selected by Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

formosae, Liza Oshima [M.] 1922:251, Pl. 12 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 13 (nos 3-4) (art. 6); ref. 15322] Anpin near Tainan, Taiwan. Holotype (unique): FMNH 59145 [ex CM 8283]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:89 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:53 [ref. 12367], Ho & Shao 2011:38 [ref. 31432]. •Synonym of Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:506 [ref. 23428]). •Valid as Valamugil formosae (Oshima 1922) -- (Liu & Shen 1991:278 [ref. 19215], Chang et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24091], Ho & Shao 2011:38 [ref. 31432]). •Synonym of Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

forsteri, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:141 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] New Zealand. No types known. •Valid as Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:127 [ref. 25473], Paulin et al. 1989:205 [ref. 24556], Kingsford & Tricklebank 1991 [ref. 20931], Paulin & Roberts 1992:124 [ref. 24625], Kuiter 1993:262 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:660 [ref. 22532], Thomson in McDowall 1996:195 [ref. 22909], Thomson 1997:472 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2079 [ref. 24780], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2002:255 [ref. 25930], Hoese & Bray 2006:676 [ref. 29000], Gomon 2008:391 [ref. 30616], Trnski 2015:942 [ref. 34273], Durand 2016:28 [ref. 35589], Kuiter 2018:67 [ref. 36369], Hoschke et al. 2019:154 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: southern Australia and New Zealand region. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

furcata, Liza saliens forma Popov [A. M.] 1930:72, 123 [Trudy Sevastopol'skoi Biologicheskoi Stantii Akademii Nauk SSSR v. 2; ref. 6576] Black Sea. No types known. As a forma (f) on p. 72. •Synonym of Liza saliens (Risso 1810) -- (Trewavas 1973:573 [ref. 7201], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Harrison 2003:36 [ref. 27341]). •Synonym of Chelon saliens (Risso 1810). Current status: Synonym of Chelon saliens (Risso 1810). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

gaimardianus, Mugil Desmarest [A. G.] in Bory de Saint-Vincent 1831:129 (v. 17), Pl. 109 [Dictionnaire Classique d'Histoire Naturelle; ref. 3853] Cuba. No types known. Original not seen [not in v. 11, 1827, MO-NSO]. Name suppressed for purposes of priority and placed on Official Index in Opinion 1787. See also Thomson 1997:544 [ref. 23428]. Possible types discussed by Harrison 1993:146 [ref. 21990]. Figured in v. 17, 1831:Pl. 109. •In the synonymy of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:182 [ref. 24550], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:19 [ref. 28815]). •Not available -- (Harrison et al. 2007:78 [ref. 29185]). •Valid as Mugil gaimardianus Desmarest 1831 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:213 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:362 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:377 [ref. 24474], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:465 [ref. 24023], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:877 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221], Marín 2000:76 [ref. 26252], Nirchio et al. 2003:113 [ref. 26807], Carvalho-Filho 2023:200 [ref. 40480]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

galapagensis, Mugil Ebeling [A. W.] 1961:296, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1961 (no. 3); ref. 9311] Southeastern corner of Barrington Island, Galápagos Islands. Holotype: USNM 190589. Paratypes: SIO 55-256 (1), UCLA 55-314 (4), USNM 26683 (1). Plus additional material. •Valid as Mugil galapagensis Ebeling 1961 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:194 [ref. 22193], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:462 [ref. 24023]). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:182 [ref. 24550], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Galápagos Islands. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

gelatinosus, Mugil Klunzinger [C. B.] 1872:35 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 38 (pt. 1); ref. 2623] Murray River [Hobson's Bay, Victoria, Australia]. Holotype (unique): SMNS 1563. Type catalog: Fricke 1992:13 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:49 [ref. 29864]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Liu & Shen 1991:275 [ref. 19215], Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:680 [ref. 29000], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

georgii, Mugil Ogilby [J. D.] 1897:77 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 22 (pt 1); ref. 3272] Georges River, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS I.4936. •Valid as Valamugil georgii (Ogilby 1897) -- (Thomson in McDowall 1996:196 [ref. 22909], Thomson 1997:504 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2105 [ref. 24780], Johnson 1999:742 [ref. 25471]). •Valid as Planiliza georgii (Ogilby 1897) -- (Durand et al. 2012:693 [ref. 32366]). •Valid as Paramugil georgii (Ogilby 1897) -- (Ghasemzadeh et al. 2004:16 [ref. 28614], Hoese & Bray 2006:682 [ref. 29000], Larson et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Valid as Paramugil georgii (Ogilby 1897). Mugilidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

globiceps, Agonostoma Günther [A.] 1874:370 [4] [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 14 (no. 83) (art. 47); ref. 2006] Myzantla, Veracruz, eastern Mexico. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1873.6.5.1. •Synonym of Joturus pichardi Poey 1860 -- (Thomson 1997:468 [ref. 23428], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:189 [ref. 24550] as pichardoi, Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061], Scharpf 2006:36 [ref. 30386], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35177]). Current status: Synonym of Joturus pichardi Poey 1860. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

goldiei, Aeschrichthys Macleay [W.] 1883:5, Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 1); ref. 2871] Goldie River, New Guinea. Lectotype: AMS I.133395. Paralectotypes: AMS I.9050-51 (1, 1), I.9054 (1), I.9060 (1), I.9745 (1), I.9747 (1), I.13396-97 (1, 1); ZMA 115795. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:91 [ref. 19236]. Lectotype selected by Thomson 1997:470 [ref. 23428]. •Synonym of Cestraeus plicatilis Valenciennes 1836 -- (Thomson 1997:470 [ref. 23428]). •Valid as Cestraeus goldiei (Macleay 1883) -- (Allen 1991:145 [ref. 21090], Harrison & Senou 1999:2080 [ref. 24780], Larson & Pidgeon 2004:197 [ref. 28107], Fricke et al. 2011:368 [ref. 31242], Durand et al. 2012:691 [ref. 32366], Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989], Durand 2016:29 [ref. 35589], Shen & Durand 2016:66 [ref. 35591], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Cestraeus goldiei (Macleay 1883). Mugilidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

goniocephalus, Myxus Mohr [E.] 1927:185, Fig. 7 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 54; ref. 15800] Likely east coast of Middle America. Lectotype: ZMH H71. Paralectotypes: ZMH H173 (6). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:405 [ref. 21161] as syntypes. Lectotype selected by Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181]. •Synonym of Mugil incilis Hancock 1830 -- (Thomson 1997:491 [ref. 23428]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil incilis Hancock 1830. Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

grandis, Mugil Castelnau [F. L.] 1879:386 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 3 (pt 4); ref. 764] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Liu & Shen 1991:275 [ref. 19215], Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:680 [ref. 29000], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx1 [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

grandisquamis, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:103 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Gorée, Senegal. Lectotype: MNHN A-3743. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-3744 (1, poor condition), A-3745 (1). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:692-693 [ref. 21541]. Lectotype selected by Thomson 1997:522 [ref. 23428]. •Valid as Liza grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1986:346 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:857 [ref. 19180], Albaret in Lévêque et al. 1992:786 [ref. 21590], Thomson 1997:521 [ref. 23428], Afonso et al. 1999:83 [ref. 25466], Harrison 2007:467 [ref. 30081], Wirtz et al. 2007:7, 27 [ref. 30263], Trape et al. 2012:127 [ref. 31792], Félix et al. 2016:D [4] [ref. 34346], Harrison 2016:2095 [ref. 34599], Reiner 2019:127 [ref. 38139]). •Valid as Parachelon grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Durand et al. 2012:695 [ref. 32366], Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Durand & Whitfield 2016:106 [ref. 35590] with author as Valenciennes 1836, Fermon et al. 2022:272 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Parachelon grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Congo, including Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

guentheri, Mugil Steindachner [F.] 1864:37 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 1 (no. 5); ref. 21705] Guiana. Syntypes: (several) ?NMW Species first described in above abstract, later described in more detail in Steindachner 1864:211 [p. 12 of separate] [ref. 13937]. Species epithet originally spelled as güntheri. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Mugil guentherii Gill 1863. •Synonym of Mugil incilis Hancock 1830 -- (Thomson 1997:491 [ref. 23428], Menezes et al. 2015:24 [ref. 33678]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Mugil incilis Hancock 1830. Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

guentherii, Mugil Gill [T. N.] 1863:169 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1681] West coast of Central America. Holotype (unique): USNM 2764 or 4951 (both lost). Type catalog: Smith 2018:81 [ref. 36061]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Okada 1961:628 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 -- (Thomson 1997:487 [ref. 23428], Mirande & Koerber 2015:55 [ref. 35117]). •Synonym of Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892. Current status: Synonym of Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

gymnocephalus, Mugil Swainson [W.] 1839:234 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Russ., pl. 180 -- see Thomson 1997:545 [ref. 23428]. Mugilidae.

gyrans, Querimana Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1884:26 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 402); ref. 12325] Key West, Florida, U.S.A. Syntypes: BMNH 1884.7.7.127-129 [from D. S. Jordan] (3), USNM 34966 (8) ("typical specimens"). See also Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:164 [ref. 25013]. •Valid as Mugil gyrans (Jordan & Gilbert 1884) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:213 [ref. 23100], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:216 [ref. 22947], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:878 [ref. 23897], Nelson et al. 2004:97 [ref. 27807]). •Synonym of Mugil trichodon Poey 1875 -- (Thomson 1997:494 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2003:1085 [ref. 27016] with question, Harrison et al. 2007:92 [ref. 29185], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:9 [ref. 35177]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil trichodon Poey 1875. Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

haematocheilus, Mugil Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1845:135, Pl. 72 (fig. 2) [Fauna Japonica Parts 7-9; ref. 4373] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D1160 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH D1157-1159 (3, stuffed). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:117 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Liza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Thomson 1997:523 [ref. 23428]). •Valid as Chelon haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Kim & Kim 1998:253 [ref. 25740], Chang et al. 1999:37 [ref. 24091], Nakabo 2000:539 [ref. 25086], Shimizu 2001:34 [ref. 25799], Kim & Park 2002:298 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:539 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:362, 630 [ref. 26218] as haematocheila, Bogutskaya et al. 2008:349 [ref. 30085], Barbieri et al. 2015:86 [ref. 35029], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2018:222 [ref. 36460]). •Synonym of Liza soiuy (Basilewsky 1855) -- (Wang et al. 2001:205 [ref. 26566]). •Valid as Liza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) (often seen as haematocheila) -- (Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:119 [ref. 6441], Wu & Lu in Kuang et al. 1986:208 [ref. 26639], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:460 [ref. 25598], Zheng 1989:300 [ref. 21202], Liang in Pan et al. 1991:350 [ref. 23876], Zhu 1995:167 [ref. 25213], Coad 1996:86 [ref. 25304], Cheng & Zhou 1997:243 [ref. 26385], Kim 1997:375 [ref. 24032], Parin 2003:418 [ref. 26975], Parin 2003:S16 [ref. 28536], Harrison in Miller 2004:469 [ref. 27853], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:172 [ref. 28183], Fricke et al. 2007:67 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:465 [ref. 29996], Vasil'eva 2007:62 [ref. 30517], Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989], Parin et al. 2014:190 [ref. 33547], Çiçek et al. 2015:151 [ref. 35151], Semenchenko et al. 2016:186 [ref. 34974], Shen & Durand 2016:76 [ref 35591]). •Valid as Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115] as haematocheila, Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589] as haematocheila, Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Kim et al. 2020:77 [ref. 39118], Abliazov et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38576] as haematocheila, Kovačić et al. 2021:54 [ref. 39014], Niță et al. 2022:58 [ref. 40471], Yoshigou 2022:18 [ref. 39640] as haematocheila). Current status: Valid as Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Mugilidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific; introduced in Black Sea, Sea of Marmara and Aegean Sea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

hamiltonii, Mugil Day [F.] 1870:614 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 (pt 3) (art. 3) (for 9 Dec. 1869); ref. 14093] Irrawaddy River, Pegu, and other rivers of Myanmar. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: AMS B.7993 (1, syntype); BMNH 1889.2.1.3724-3725 (2); MCZ 17525 (1); NMW 67653 (1); ZSI F11401 (1), A.355 (1), B.150 (1). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:160 [ref. 23762], Ferraris et al. 2000:297 [ref. 25110]. •Valid as Sicamugil hamiltonii (Day 1870) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:899 [ref. 20764], Thomson 1997:497 [ref. 23428] as hamiltoni, Durand et al. 2012:694 [ref. 32366], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989], Durand 2016:36 [ref. 35589] as hamiltoni and dated 1869, Shen & Durand 2016:81 [ref. 35591] as Day 1870). Current status: Valid as Sicamugil hamiltonii (Day 1870). Mugilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

hancocki, Agonostomus Seale [A.] 1932:467 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 20 (no. 10); ref. 16523] About 1/2 miles up freshwater stream emptying into freshwater bay on southern side of San Cristóbal Island [Chatham Island], Galápagos Islands. Holotype: CAS 838. Paratypes: LACM 22524 (1). See Bussing 1998:388 [ref. 24179]. •Synonym of Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Thomson 1997:465 [ref. 23428], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:459 [ref. 24023], Harrison 2003:1077 [ref. 27016], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061], Miller 2006:181 [ref. 28615]). •Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Current status: Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

harengus, Myxus Günther [A.] 1861:467 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Pacific coast of Central America [Panama, eastern Pacific Ocean]. Syntypes: BMNH 1861.8.13.15-16 (2) Panama. On p. 7 of separate. Also appeared as new in Günther 1862:376 [7] [ref. 1968]. Being described from the Pacific, the name cannot be a synonym of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836, see also Mugil curema. •Synonym of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 -- (Thomson 1997:487 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2003:1080 [ref. 27016], Mirande & Koerber 2015:55 [ref. 35117]). •Possibly a senior synonym of Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

heterocheilos, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1855:198 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 16846] Batjan, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 6408 (5). •Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Liu & Shen 1991:278 [ref. 19215]). •Valid as Mugil heterocheilos Bleeker 1855 -- (Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122]). •Valid as Crenimugil heterocheilos (Bleeker 1855) -- (Roberts 1978:60 [ref. 8886] as heterocheilus, Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:120 [ref. 6441], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:464 [ref. 25598], Allen 1991:145 [ref. 21090] as heterocheilus, Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448], Thomson 1997:510 [ref. 23428] with a holotype, Harrison & Senou 1999:2084 [ref. 24780] as heterocheilus, Nakabo 2000:537 [ref. 25086], Sakai et al. 2001:104 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:537 [ref. 26001], Hoese & Bray 2006:677 [ref. 29000], Allen et al. 2008:77 [ref. 30265], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:36 [ref. 33932], Shen & Durand 2016:75 [ref. 35591], Fricke et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36673], Yoshigou 2022:12 [ref. 39640] as "Crenimugil" heterocheilos, Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Crenimugil heterocheilos (Bleeker 1855). Mugilidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Indonesia and Papua New Guinea east to Tuamotu Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

hishni, Mugil (Liza) Misra [K. S.] in Hora & Misra 1943:10, Fig. 5 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Science (Series 3) v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 13086] Rivers and Hors, Iraq. Holotype: ZSI F13626/1. Paratypes: ZSI F13627/1 (1). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:142 [ref. 20743]. •Synonym of Mugil abu Heckel 1846 -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:891 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Liza abu (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1991:22 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:28 [ref. 23608], Thomson 1997:513 [ref. 23428], Esmaeili et al. 2010:374 [ref. 33391]). •Synonym of Planiliza abu (Heckel 1843) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:892 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2018:69 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:277 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza abu (Heckel 1843). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

hoefleri, Mugil Steindachner [F.] 1882:42 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 19 (no. 5) (for 9 Feb. 1882); ref. 20486] Gorée, Senegal. Syntypes: NMW 17750 (1), NMW 67650 (1). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:11 [p. 11 in separate], Pl. 4 (figs. 1-1a) [ref. 18784]. •Synonym of Liza dumerili (Steindachner 1870) -- (Thomson 1986:345 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:856 [ref. 19180], Albaret in Lévêque et al. 1992:787 [ref. 21590], Thomson 1997:518 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2016:2091 [ref. 34599]). •Synonym of Chelon dumerili (Steindachner 1870). Current status: Synonym of Chelon dumerili (Steindachner 1870). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

hornelli, Liza Fowler [H. W.] 1923:37 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 75; ref. 15403] Tananarive, Madagascar. Holotype (unique): ANSP 51095 (missing). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:128 [ref. 13621]. •Can't be identified -- (Fricke et al. 2018:92 [ref. 35805]). Mugilidae.

hospes, Mugil Jordan [D. S.] & Culver [G. B.] in Jordan 1895:422, Pl. 31 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 5; ref. 2394] Harbor at Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Lectotype: CAS-SU 2890. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1895.5.27.178 [from Jordan] (1); CAS-SU 1695 + 2954 (now 2), 2890 (not found); USNM 47446 (1); ZMB 14060 [from Jordan] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:64 [ref. 12291]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 127, p. 3260 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable. •Valid as Mugil hospes Jordan & Culver 1895 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:41 [ref. 37559], Cervigón 1992:362 [ref. 23827], Allen & Robertson 1994:194 [ref. 22193], Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995:1298 [ref. 22830], Thomson 1997:490 [ref. 23428], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:185 [ref. 24550], Harrison 2003:1082 [ref. 27016], Nelson et al. 2004:97 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:63 [ref. 37547], Harrison et al. 2007:92 [ref. 29185], Durand et al. 2012:692 [ref. 32366], McMahan et al. 2013:446 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Alvarez-Lajonchere & Alvarez-Lajonchere Ponce de León 2015:48 [ref. 34139], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:406 [ref. 34894] as hospens, Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35859], Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442], Love et al. 2021:92 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Mugil hospes Jordan & Culver 1895. Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic; eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Ecuador, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: brackish, marine.

hubensis, Mugil Rizvi [S. N.] & Iqbal [M. A.] 1986:83, Fig. 1 [Biologia (Lahore) v. 32 (Special Supplement); ref. 9136] Hub River, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Holotype: "F.Z.R. 1982.M.A.". Paratypes: (1). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hypselopterus, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:450, Fig. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Niger River. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1847.4.4.7. •Synonym of Liza grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1986:346 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:857 [ref. 19180], Thomson 1997:521 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2016:2095 [ref. 34599]). •Synonym of Parachelon grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Durand et al. 2012:695 [ref. 32366]). Current status: Synonym of Parachelon grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

hypselosoma, Mugil Ogilby [J. D.] 1897:74 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 22 (pt 1); ref. 3272] Port Jackson and Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Syntypes: (2) QM. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Whitfield et al. 2012:1 [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

incilis, Mugil Hancock [J.] 1830:127 [Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and the Arts, London 1830 (pt. 1) (for Jan.-June 1830); ref. 18243] Guiana. Neotype: BMNH 1933.8.2.69. Neotype designated by Thomson 1997:491 [ref. 23428]. •Valid as Mugil incilis Hancock 1830 -- (Cervigón 1992:362 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:380 [ref. 24474], Thomson 1997:491 [ref. 23428], González Bencomo et al. 1997:159 [ref. 24960], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221], Keith et al. 2000:26 [ref. 24547], Harrison 2003:1083 [ref. 27016], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:65 [ref. 27192], Harrison et al. 2007:92 [ref. 29185], Durand et al. 2012:692 [ref. 32366], Menezes et al. 2015:24 [ref. 33678], Alvarez-Lajonchere & Alvarez-Lajonchere Ponce de León 2015:48 [ref. 34139], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Marceniuk et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35324], Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442], Neves et al. 2020:[6] 168 [ref. 38248], Angulo 2021:9 [ref. 38913], Caires in Marceniuk et al. 2021:272 [ref. 38945], Koerber et al. 2022:79 [ref. 39235], Carvalho-Filho 2023:200 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Mugil incilis Hancock 1830. Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Honduras south to Pernambuco (Brazil), including southern Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

irretitus, Mugil Gosse [P. H.] 1851:84 [A naturalist's sojourn in Jamaica; ref. 18149] Jamaica. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1847.12.27.59 (1). •Synonym of Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Thomson 1997:465 [ref. 23428], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Current status: Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

japonicus, Mugil Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1845:134, Pl. 72 (fig. 1) [Fauna Japonica Parts 7-9; ref. 4373] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D1166 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH D1161-1165 (5, dry), ?ZMB 7193 (1). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:116 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Mugil japonicus Temminck & Schlegel 1845 -- (Kim et al. 2020:77 [ref. 39118]). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:992 [ref. 20662], Okada 1961:627 [ref. 6363], Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2096 [ref. 24780], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

javanicus, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1853:701 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 16833] None stated. Name implies Java, Indonesia. •In the synonymy of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2093 [ref. 24780], Randall 2005:75 [ref. 28239], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •In the synonymy of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

jerdoni, Mugil Day [F.] 1876:352 [The fishes of India Part 2; ref. 1081] Seas of India. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: AMS B.7967 (1), B.7983 (1, syntype); BMNH 1889.2.1.3702-05 (4); FMNH 8238 (1); NMW 67694 (1); ZIN 8238 (1); ZSI F14044--05 (4), F2909 (1, dry, destroyed). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:160 [ref. 23762], Ferraris et al. 2000:298 [ref. 25110]. Based on Mugil sundanensis of Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 138 (not of Bleeker). •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:894 [ref. 20764], Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2093 [ref. 24780], Ataur Rahman 2003:301 [ref. 31338], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

joloensis, Mugil Seale [A.] 1910:500, Pl. 4 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Jolo, Jolo Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): BSMP 2379 (apparently destroyed). •Synonym of Oedalechilus labiosus (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:543 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Plicomugil labiosus (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Plicomugil labiosus (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: marine.

joyneri, Mugil Günther [A.] 1878:486 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 18236] Tokyo, Japan. Syntypes: BMNH 1878.4.5.90-91 (2). •Synonym of Mugil soiuy Basilewsky 1855, but perhaps a valid subspecies -- (Sokolov 1998:115 [ref. 23571]). •Synonym of Liza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Thomson 1997:523 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Liza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Parin 2003:S16 [ref. 28536] with question, Harrison in Miller 2004:469 [ref. 27853], Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989], Parin et al. 2014:190 [ref. 33547] with question). •Synonym of Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

kandavensis, Mugil Günther [A.] 1877:215 [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 4 (no. 13); ref. 14243] Kandavu Island, Fiji Islands. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1877.4.18.4. •Synonym of Valamugil engeli (Bleeker 1858) -- (Thomson 1997:503 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2104 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Moolgarda engeli (Bleeker 1858) -- (Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Osteomugil engeli (Bleeker 1858). Current status: Synonym of Osteomugil engeli (Bleeker 1858). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

kelaartii, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:429 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Sri Lanka and Philippines. Syntypes: BMNH 1859.5.7.38 (1) Sri Lanka. •Synonym of Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:502 [ref. 23428] with a holotype). •Synonym of Valamugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2106 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: marine.

kesteveni, Oedalechilus Whitley [G. P.] 1943:178 [Australian Zoologist v. 10 (pt 2); ref. 4703] Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia. Holotype: AMS A.4797 (147 mm SL). Paratypes: AMS A.4796 (1, destroyed), A.4797 (2 of 3). The name malabarica has not been used as a valid name since the early 1800's (R. Fricke 2014). •Synonym of Valamugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853) -- (Thomson 1997:500 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:684 [ref. 29000], Larson et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32988]). •Synonym of Moolgarda malabarica (Shaw 1804) -- (Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

klunzingeri, Mugil Day [F.] 1888:264 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888 (pt 3) (art. 4) (for 1 May 1888); ref. 14480] Mumbai, India. Lectotype: ZSI 1407. Paralectotypes: AMS B.8078 (2), ?ZSI 1398-99 (1, 1). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:160 [ref. 23762], Ferraris et al. 2000:298 [ref. 25110]. Based on Mugil carinatus of Day, Fishes of India, p. 349 (not of Cuvier & Valenciennes). Lectotype selected by Senou et al. 1987:311 [ref. 24301]. •Synonym of Liza carinata (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:518 [ref. 23428]). •Valid as Liza klunzingeri (Day 1888) -- (Senou et al. 1987:309 [ref. 24301], Carpenter et al. 1997:203 [ref. 23922], Coad 2010:234 [ref. 36620], Shen & Durand 2016:77 [ref 35591]). •Valid as Chelon klunzingeri (Day 1888) -- (Randall 1995:235 [ref. 22896], Manilo & Bogoroy 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Psomadakis et al. 2015:293 [ref. 34104]). •Valid as Planiliza klunzingeri (Day 1888) -- (Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Ali et al. 2018:342 [ref. 36183], Hasan et al. 2020:144 [ref. 37945], Hasan et al. 2022:510 [ref. 39700], Çiçek et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2024:369 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Planiliza klunzingeri (Day 1888). Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Mumbai (India). Habitat: marine.

labeo, Mugil Cuvier [G.] 1829:233 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Mediterranean Sea. Lectotype: MNHN A-3606. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-3607 (1), A-4654 (1, dry). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:692 [ref. 21541]. Lectotype selected by Blanc & Hureau 1971:692 [ref. 21541]. Also appeared in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:55, Pl. 310 [ref. 1005]. •Valid as Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier 1829) -- (Trewavas 1973:573 [ref. 7201], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1203 [ref. 13677], Thomson 1997:543 [ref. 23428], Koutrakis & Economidis 2000:299 [ref. 25056], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:108 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:49 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:68 [ref. 29533], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:52 [ref. 36649], Trape et al. 2012:126 [ref. 31792], Durand et al. 2012:693 [ref. 32366], Barbieri et al. 2015:88 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:151 [ref. 35151], Harrison 2016:2110 [ref. 34599], Durand 2016:33 [ref. 35589], Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Ćaleta et al. 2019:186 [ref. 37026], Carneiro et al. 2019:204 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:99 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:51 [ref. 37515], Çiçek et al. 2020:257 [ref. 37644], Kovačić et al. 2020:30 [ref. 37519], Golani 2021:65 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:54 [ref. 39014], Çiçek et al. 2023:473 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:447 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:46 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747] as Oedalechiluslabeo, Çiçek et al. 2024:367 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier 1829). Mugilidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Portugal, northern Morocco and Madeira; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

labiosus, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:125 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Red Sea; Mumbai, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-3616 (2) Red Sea, A-3617 (2) Red Sea. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:693 [ref. 21541]. •Valid as Crenimugil labiosus (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Kuiter 1993:264 [ref. 23929]). •Valid as Oedalechilus labiosus (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Dor 1984:192 [ref. 29757], Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:120 [ref. 6441], Liu & Shen 1991:277 [ref. 19215], Suzuki & Uno 1992:2 [ref. 24139], Goren & Dor 1994:51 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:238 [ref. 22896], Thomson 1997:543 [ref. 23428], Myers 1999:71 [ref. 23965], Chang et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24091], Harrison & Senou 1999:2100 [ref. 24780], Nakabo 2000:537 [ref. 25086], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:40 [ref. 25480], Sakai et al. 2001:105 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:537 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S113 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:24 [ref. 27510], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Hoese & Bray 2006:682 [ref. 29000], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:157 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:57 [ref. 32998], Koeda et al. 2016:13 [ref. 35333], Shen & Durand 2016:80 [ref 35591], Kwun et al. 2017:141 [ref. 37287], Toyama et al. 2021:61 [ref. 38509], Ghasamzadeh 2022:325 [ref. 39712]). •Valid as Plicomugil labiosus (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Durand et al. 2012:693 [ref. 32366], Shen et al, 2015:1 [ref. 34687], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:35 [ref. 35589], Fricke et al. 2018:97 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:120 [ref. 36273], Bogorodsky et al. 2020:513 [ref. 38001], Kim et al. 2020:77 [ref. 39118], Kadir in Motomura et al. 2021:16 [ref. 38121], Yoshigou 2022:12 [ref. 39640], Zajonz et al. 2022:54 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Plicomugil labiosus (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles) and Madagascar east to Marshall Islands, north to southern Korea and Ibaraki Prefecture (Japan), south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

labrosus, Mugil Risso [A.] 1827:389 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:42 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Mugil labrosus Risso 1827 -- (Berg 1949:994 [ref. 20662]). •Valid as Chelon labrosus (Risso 1827) -- (Trewavas 1973:569 [ref. 7201], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1198 [ref. 13677], Thomson 1986:344 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:855 [ref. 19180], Senou et al. 1996:72 [ref. 23193], Coad 1996:86 [ref. 25304], Kottelat 1997:157 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:539 [ref. 23428], Santos et al. 1997:65 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:113 [ref. 24952], Afonso et al. 1999:83 [ref. 25466] with question, Fricke 1999:42 [ref. 24101], Koutrakis & Economidis 2000:299 [ref. 25056], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:104 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:145 [ref. 39343], Harrison 2003:17 [ref. 27341], Parin 2003:S15 [ref. 28536], Golani 2005:48 [ref. 37112], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:176 [ref. 28369], Fricke 2007:29 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:66 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:465 [ref. 29996], Vasil'eva 2007:61 [ref. 30517], Wirtz et al. 2007:27 [ref. 30263], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:51 [ref. 36649], Trape et al. 2012:126 [ref. 31792], Durand et al. 2012:691 [ref. 32366], Khalaf 2013:4 [ref. 37897], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Parin et al. 2014:189 [ref. 33547], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Barbieri et al. 2015:87 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:151 [ref. 35151], Harrison 2016:2086 [ref. 34599], Durand 2016:29 [ref. 35589], Durand & Whitfield 2016:110 [ref. 35590], Martins & Carneiro 2018:99 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Ćaleta et al. 2019:184 [ref. 37026], Carneiro et al. 2019:202 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:98 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:50 [ref. 37515], Çiçek et al. 2020:256 [ref. 37644], Kovačić et al. 2020:30 [ref. 37519], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Abliazov et al. 2021:9 [ref. 38576], Bañón & Maño 2021:88 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:64 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:54 [ref. 39014], Gus'kov et al. 2022:71 [ref. 39564], Thieme et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39600], Çiçek et al. 2023:472 [ref. 40601], Saad et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:363 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Chelon labrosus (Risso 1827). Mugilidae. Distribution: Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland south to Senegal, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lacustris, Agonostoma Castelnau [F. L.] 1872:142 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] Gippsland Lakes, Victoria, Australia. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:472 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:676 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Synonym of Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lauvergnii, Mugil Eydoux [J. F. T.] & Souleyet [F. A.] 1850:174, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 4501] Macao. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8138. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:693-694 [ref. 21541]. For remarks on the status of Chelon see Bogutskaya et al. 2008:349 [ref. 30085]. •Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Liu & Shen 1991:278 [ref. 19215]). •Valid as Liza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Thomson 1997:523 [ref. 23428], Koutrakis & Economidis 2000:299 [ref. 25056]). •Synonym of Chelon haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:349 [ref. 30085]). •Valid as Liza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Chelon lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Sonoyama et al. 2020:37 [ref. 37637]). •Valid as Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Yoshigou 2022:17 [ref. 39640], Hasan et al. 2022:504 [ref. 39700]). Current status: Valid as Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850). Mugilidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: northern Vietnam and southern China to Sea of Japan (southern Korea and southern Japan) and Pacific coast of southern Japan. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lavaretoides, Mugil Solander [D. C.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:117 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Solander manuscript name mentioned in passing under Mugil broussonnetii Valenciennes 1836. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

lebranchus, Mugil Poey [F.] 1860:260, Pl. 18 (fig. 3) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 34160-61 (skeletons, 3 skulls, backbones). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:184-185 [ref. 22926]. •Synonym of Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836 -- (Thomson 1997:492 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2003:1084 [ref. 27016], Menezes et al. 2010:61 [ref. 30860], Mirande & Koerber 2015:55 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lepidopterus, Mugil Fowler [H. W.] 1918:9, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 70; ref. 1396] Philippines. Holotype (unique): ANSP 47483. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:128 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lepidopterus, Myxus Mohr [E.] 1927:181, Fig. 3 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 54; ref. 15800] Peru. Holotype (unique): ZMH H127 [ex ZMH 2704]. Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:405 [ref. 21161]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Mugil by Mugil lepidopterus Fowler 1918. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

leuciscus, Myxus Günther [A.] 1872:666, Pl. 65 (fig. A) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3) (art. 1) (for 21 Nov. 1871); ref. 1997] Rarotonga Island, Cook Islands [South Pacific]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1871.9.13.135. •Valid as Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1871) -- (Thomson 1997:477 [ref. 23428], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Lobel & Lobel 2004:68 [ref. 27576], Mundy 2005:277 [ref. 28379]). •Valid as Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:120 [ref. 6441], Myers 1999:71 [ref. 23965], Harrison & Senou 1999:2099 [ref. 24780], Randall 1999:16 [ref. 25829], Nakabo 2000:538 [ref. 25086], Randall & Earle 2000:14 [ref. 25806], Keith et al. 2002:102 [ref. 31473], Nakabo 2002:538 [ref. 26001], Myers & Donaldson 2003:614 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:77 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:136 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Durand et al. 2012:693 [ref. 32366], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988] dated 1871, Durand 2016:33 [ref. 35589], Shen & Durand 2016:80 [ref 35591] as Günther 1871, Yoshigou 2022:9 [ref. 39640]). Current status: Valid as Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). Mugilidae. Distribution: Western and Central Pacific: western and central Pacific islands, east to Wake Atoll and Austral Island (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lineatus, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] (ex Mitchill) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:96 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] New York, U.S.A. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5485 (3). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:694 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Okada 1961:628 [ref. 6363], Smith 1986:437 [ref. 22186], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). •Possibly a synonym of Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836 -- (see Menezes et al. 2010:66 [ref. 30860]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

liza, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:83 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Martinique Island, West Indies. Lectotype: MNHN A-4659. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-6307 (1) Buenos Aires, A-1050 (1, dry) Cayenne, A-3668 (1) Suriname, A-4642 (1, dry) Maracaibo, A-4656 (1, dry) Maracaibo, A-4657 (1, dry) Maracaibo, A-5763 (1) Puerto Rico [not Martinique]. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:694-695 [ref. 21541]. Lectotype selected by Harrison 1993:146 [ref. 21990]. A different lectotype (A.1051) was designated by Thomson 1997:472 [ref. 23428]. A senior synonym if suppressed in Opinion 1787. •Valid as Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:212 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:363 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:382 [ref. 24474], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:217 [ref. 22947], Thomson 1997:492 [ref. 23428], González Bencomo et al. 1997:159 [ref. 24960], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:879 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221], Keith et al. 2000:22 [ref. 24547], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:184 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:163 [ref. 25013], Marín 2000:76 [ref. 26252], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], López et al. 2002:64 [ref. 26808], Harrison 2003:1084 [ref. 27016], López et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27366], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:65 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:14 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:97 [ref. 27807], Menni 2004:85 [ref. 28131], Harrison et al. 2007:91 [ref. 29185], Matamoros et al. 2009:19 [ref. 31241], Menezes et al. 2010:61 [ref. 30860], Durand et al. 2012:692 [ref. 32366], Di Dario et al. 2013:262 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32708], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Fabiano et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33530], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:31 [ref. 33341], Menezes et al. 2015:35 [ref. 33678], Alvarez-Lajonchere & Alvarez-Lajonchere Ponce de León 2015:48 [ref. 34139], Mirande & Koerber 2015:55 [ref. 35117], Pacheco-Almanzar et al. 2016:385 [ref. 34431], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Nión et al. 2016:41 [ref. 35565], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:6 [ref. 36717], Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442], Neves et al. 2020:[6] 168 [ref. 38248], Caires in Marceniuk et al. 2021:273 [ref. 38945], Angulo et al. 2023:67 [ref. 40676], Carvalho-Filho 2023:200 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:34 [ref. 40710], Chiaramonte et al. 2023:210 [ref. 40423], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:115 [ref. 40726]). Current status: Valid as Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) south to northern Patagonia (Argentina), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2018): Data Deficient. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

loaloa, Gonostomyxus Macdonald [J. D.] 1869:38, Pl. 1 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 (pt 1) (art. 2) (for 14 Jan. 1869); ref. 2866] Wai Manu, tributary of Rewa River, Na Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. Holotype: HMG (whereabouts unknown). Paratypes: (several) whereabouts unknown. Species originally as loa loa, correction mandatory. •Synonym of Cestraeus plicatilis Valenciennes 1836 -- (Thomson 1997:470 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cestraeus plicatilis Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

loevis, Mugil Hamilton [F.] in Day 1876:352 [The fishes of India Part 2; ref. 1081] Name in synonymy, not available. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

longicauda, Mugil Guitart Manday [D. J.] & Alvarez-Lajonchere [L.] 1976:3, Fig. 1 [Poeyana, Series A, Instituto de Biologia No. 149; ref. 17770] Carenerito, Nipe Bay, northern coast of Oriente Province, Cuba. Holotype: IOH 330. Paratypes: Cent. Invest. Mar. Univ. Habana 207 (1), 208 (1). Type catalog: Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35177]. •Status uncertain -- (Thomson 1997:545 [ref. 23428], Harrison et al. 2007:90 [ref. 29185]). •Valid as Mugil longicauda Guitart Manday & Alvarez-Lajonchere 1976 -- (Alvarez-Lajonchere & Alvarez-Lajonchere Ponce de León 2015:41 [ref. 34139], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35177] with authors as Guitart and Alvarez Lajonchère). Current status: Valid as Mugil longicauda Guitart Manday & Alvarez-Lajonchere 1976. Mugilidae. Distribution: Cuba. Habitat: brackish, marine.

longimanus, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:428 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] East Indies. Holotype: BMNH 1858.8.15.24. Based on literature source and one specimen. •Synonym of Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:501 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Valamugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2106 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: marine.

lotreganus, Mugil Nardo [G. D.] (ex Chiereghini) 1847:col. 127 [Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell' opera intitolata: ...; ref. 17994] Not available, Chiereghini name mentioned in synonymy. •In the synonymy of Liza aurata (Risso 1810) -- (Kottelat 1997:157 [ref. 22952]). •In the synonymy of Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Mugilidae.

luciae, Ellochelon Penrith [M.-L.] & Penrith [M. J.] 1967:69, Fig. 1 [Durban Museum Novitates v. 8 (pt 8); ref. 7984] St. Lucia estuary, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAM 24697. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 999 (3), SAM 24307 (6). •Synonym of Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Senou 1997:51 [ref. 22776]). •Valid as Liza luciae (Penrith & Penrith 1967) -- (Smith & Smith 1986:716 [ref. 5717], Thomson 1997:524 [ref. 23428], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:367 [ref. 28072]). •Valid as Planiliza luciae (Penrith & Penrith 1967). Current status: Valid as Planiliza luciae (Penrith & Penrith 1967). Mugilidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean. Habitat: brackish, marine.

macracanthus, Agonostomus Regan [C. T.] 1907:66 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 19 (no. 109) (art. 6); ref. 15174] Río Guacalate, Guatemala. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1.26.361-362 (2). •Synonym of Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Thomson 1997:465 [ref. 23428], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Current status: Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macrocheilos, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1854:43 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 16938] Nova Selma, Cocos-Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1771) -- (Thomson 1997:509 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2083 [ref. 24780], Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macrolepidotus, Mugil Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:140, Pl. 32 (figs. 2a-b) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 3067. Paralectotypes: ?BMNH 1845.10.29.57 (1), SMF 3081 (1), MNHN A-0843 (1). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:695 [ref. 21541]. Thomson 1997:482 [ref. 23428] wrongly treated Richardson's 1846:249 [ref. 3742] misidentification of Mugil macrolepidotus Rüppell as a separate original description with a holotype. Lectotype established by Dor 1984:192 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. •Synonym of Liza vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Dor 1984:192 [ref. 29757], Thomson 1997:538 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macrolepis, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1852:422 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 16827] Pamangkat rivers, Sampit (marine), Borneo, Indonesia. Syntypes: (4). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Mugil macrolepis Smith 1846. •Synonym of Liza parmatus (Cantor 1859) -- (Thomson 1997:528 [ref. 23428] dated 1850, Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Paramugil parmatus (Cantor 1859). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Paramugil parmatus (Cantor 1849). Mugilidae.

macrolepis, Mugil Smith [A.] 1846:no pagination, Pl. 28 (fig. 2) [Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa v. 4; ref. 4035] Rivers and fresh water lakes, South Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1859.5.7.56 (dry). •Valid as Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Dor 1984:191 [ref. 29757], Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:119 [ref. 6441], Smith & Smith 1986:716 [ref. 5717], Thomson 1986:346 [ref. 6215], Wu & Lu in Kuang et al. 1986:209 [ref. 26639] dated 1849, Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:462 [ref. 25598], Winterbottom et al. 1989:50 [ref. 13251], Zheng 1989:301 [ref. 21202], Allen & Coates 1990:91 [ref. 25561], Coad 1991:26 [ref. 15702], Liu & Shen 1991:276 [ref. 19215], Allen 1991:146 [ref. 21090], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:891 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448], Skelton 1993:353 [ref. 24071], Goren & Dor 1994:51 [ref. 25356], Chen et al. 1997:37 [ref. 26476] dated 1849, Reinthal & Stiassny 1997:354 [ref. 22780], Thomson 1997:524 [ref. 23428], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:250 [ref. 24754], Harrison & Senou 1999:2088 [ref. 24780], Mishra et al. 1999:87 [ref. 25315], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:47 [ref. 25480], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:187 [ref. 25703], Skelton 2001:353 [ref. 27406], Seegers et al. 2003:46 [ref. 28087], Randall et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3327 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:365 [ref. 28072], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:77 [ref. 35264], Larson et al. 2013:56 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989], Durand & Whitfield 2016:110 [ref. 35590] dated 1849, with two lineages). •Valid as Chelon macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Randall 1995:235 [ref. 22896], Senou et al. 1996:75 [ref. 23193], Sato et al. 1998:40 [ref. 24972], Myers 1999:70 [ref. 23965], Chang et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24091], Fricke 1999:359 [ref. 24106], Nakabo 2000:540 [ref. 25086], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:340 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:14 [ref. 25806], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:151 [ref. 27511], Sakai et al. 2001:103 [ref. 25693], Shimizu 2001:34 [ref. 25799], Nakabo 2002:540 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:21 [ref. 27510], Tan & Lim 2004:110 [ref. 27716], Randall 2005:75 [ref. 28239], Motomura et al. 2010:79 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Ho & Shao 2011: 38 [ref. 31432], Fricke et al. 2013:252 [ref. 32706], Psomadakis et al. 2015:293 [ref. 34104], Koeda et al. 2016:12 [ref. 35333], Shen & Durand 2016:77 [ref 35591] dated 1849, Kwun et al. 2017:141 [ref. 37287], Eagderi et al. 2019:85 [ref. 37020], Psomadakis et al. 2020:516 [ref. 37272], Ghasamzadeh 2022:314 [ref. 39712], Mochizuki et al. 2022:21 [ref. 39612]). •Valid as Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Ali et al. 2018:343 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:96 [ref. 35805], Suresh et al. 2018:141 [ref. 36495], Arndt & Fricke 2019:22 [ref. 36883], Zajonz et al. 2019:65 [ref. 36871], Hasan et al. 2020:143 [ref. 37945], Kim et al. 2020:77 [ref. 39118], Esmaeili et al. 2022:486 [ref. 39253], Yoshigou 2022:17 [ref. 39640] as cf. macrolepis, Zajonz et al. 2022:55 [ref. 40522], Çiçek et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40616], Esmaeili & Hamidan 2023:215 [ref. 40377], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455], Çiçek et al. 2024:369 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and eastern Mascarenes (Rodrigues) east to Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Korea and Osumi Islands (southern Japan), south to New Caledonia, Aitutaki (Cook Islands) and Austral Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macrops, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:428 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Not available, Blyth name on specimen from Calcutta mentioned under Mugil planiceps. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

maderensis, Mugil Lowe [R. T.] 1839:82 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Lanzarote, Canary Islands, eastern Atlantic. Holotype (unique): ?BMNH 1860.5.3.22. •Synonym of Liza aurata (Risso 1810) -- (Trewavas 1973:571 [ref. 7201], Thomson 1986:345 [ref. 6215], Kottelat 1997:157 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:517 [ref. 23428] as madeirensis). •Synonym of Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Current status: Synonym of Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

malabaricus, Mullus Shaw [G.] 1804:137 [General zoology or systematic natural history; ref. 4015] Indian Seas. No types known. Based on literature sources (e.g., Russell, Pl. 182). The name malabarica has not been used as a valid name since the early 1800's (R. Fricke 2014). •Questionably a synonym of Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:505 [ref. 23428]). •Valid as Moolgarda malabarica (Shaw 1804) -- (Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989], Fukuchi et al. 2021:16 [ref. 38444], Yoshigou 2022:14 [ref. 39640], Koreeda et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40124]). •Valid as Crenimugil malabarica (Shaw 1804). Current status: Valid as Crenimugil malabarica (Shaw 1804). Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastrern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: east coast of India; Ryukyu Islands north to Kyushu (Japan). Habitat: brackish, marine.

malayanus, Myxus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1936:286 [Philippine Journal of Science v. 59 (no. 2); ref. 2125] North end of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype: CAS-SU 30975 (1 of 5). Paratypes: FMNH 46909 (2), CAS-SU 30975 (4, mixed with holotype). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:64 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:59 [ref. 12367]. •Status uncertain -- (Thomson 1997:545 [ref. 23428] but types not examined). •Questionable a synonym of Mugil broussonnetii Valenciennes 1836 -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2095 [ref. 24780]). •Species inquirenda in Family Mugilidae -- (Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989]). Mugilidae. Habitat: marine.

mandapamensis, Liza Thomson [J. M.] 1997:526 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 41 (pt 3); ref. 23428] Kilakarei, south of Mandapam, southern India. Holotype (unique): BPBM 20618. •Valid as Liza mandapamensis Thomson 1997 -- (Shen & Durand 2016:77 [ref 35591]). •Valid as Planiliza mandapamensis (Thomson 1997). Current status: Valid as Planiliza mandapamensis (Thomson 1997). Mugilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: brackish.

margaritae, Mugil Menezes [N. A.], Nirchio [M.], Oliveira [C.] & Siccharamirez [R.] 2015:26, Fig. 10 [Zootaxa 3918 (no. 1); ref. 33678] Boca de Río/Nova Esparta, Isla Margarita, 10°58’14"N, 64°10’13"W, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-35725. Paratypes: MBUCV, MZUSP, LBP. •Valid as Mugil margaritae Menezes, Nirchio, Oliveira & Siccharamirez 2015 -- (Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442]). Current status: Valid as Mugil margaritae Menezes, Nirchio, Oliveira & Siccharamirez 2015. Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Venezuela (Caribbean Sea). Habitat: marine.

marginalis, Mugil De Vis [C. W.] 1885:870 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 4); ref. 1091] Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: ?QM I.121 (1), I.9774 (1). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:681 [ref. 29000], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

marginatus, Mugil Saville-Kent [W.] 1893:370 [The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialities; ref. 13269] Name only, not available; from Queensland, Australia. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

maroccensis, Myxus Mohr [E.] 1927:191, Fig. 13 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 54; ref. 15800] Morocco. Holotype (unique): ZMH H75 [ex ZMH 3861]. Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:405 [ref. 21161]. •Synonym of Liza ramada (Risso 1827 not 1810) -- (Trewavas 1973:570 [ref. 7201], Thomson 1990:858 [ref. 19180], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:531 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2003:28 [ref. 27341] dating to 1826). •Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Current status: Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

medius, Mugil Machan [B.] 1931:221 [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 68 (no. 21) (for 5 Nov. 1931); ref. 16381] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

melancranus, Mugil Richardson [J.] 1846:248 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China Seas. Syntypes: BMNH (lost). Type information: Whitehead 1970:215 [ref. 11606] as melanocranus. •Synonym of Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:505 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

melanochir, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:143 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Java, Indonesia; Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Syntypes: MNHN A-0844 [ex RMNH] (1) Java, A-3630 (1) Guam. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:695-696 [ref. 21541] with MNHN A.844 as holotype. •Synonym of Liza vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Dor 1984:192 [ref. 29757], Thomson 1997:538 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

melanopterus, Mugil Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:136 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Not available, name mentioned in text (Red Sea). Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

melinopterus, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] (ex Quoy & Gaimard) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:146, Pl. 314 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands, southwestern Pacific. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-3669 (poor condition). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:696 [ref. 21541]. Based on manuscript description and illustration by Quoy & Gaimard, and an additional (poor) specimen. •Valid as Ellochelon melinoptera (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Myers 1999:70 [ref. 23965]). •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2088 [ref. 24780], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Liza melinoptera (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Smith & Smith 1986:717 [ref. 5717], Allen & Coates 1990:91 [ref. 25561], Allen 1991:146 [ref. 21090], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:892 [ref. 20764], Liang in Pan et al. 1991:353 [ref. 23876], Allen et al. 1992:302 [ref. 21400], Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:230 [ref. 24016], Zhu 1995:167 [ref. 25213], Senou 1997:51 [ref. 22776], Thomson 1997:527 [ref. 23428], Larson & Williams 1997:364 [ref. 23967], Fricke 1999:359 [ref. 24106], Harrison & Senou 1999:2089 [ref. 24780], Randall & Earle 2000:14 [ref. 25806], Sakai et al. 2001:103 [ref. 25693], Randall et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27624], Hoese & Bray 2006:679 [ref. 29000], Ho & Shao 2011:38 [ref. 31432], Larson et al. 2013:56 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989], Shen & Durand 2016:77 [ref 35591]). •Synonym of Liza luciae (Penrith & Penrith 1967) -- (Durand & Whitfield 2016:110 [ref. 35590] with authors as Penrith & Penrith 1967). •Valid as Planiliza melinoptera (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988] as melinopterus, Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Zajonz et al. 2019:65 [ref. 36871], Yoshigou 2022:17 [ref. 39640] as cf. melinoptera, Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455]). •Valid as Planiliza melinopterus (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Hasan et al. 2020:143 [ref. 37945], Zajonz et al. 2022:56 [ref. 40522]). •Valid as Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Nakabo 2000:540 [ref. 25086], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:540 [ref. 26001], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:22 [ref. 27510], Randall 2005:75 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2009:29 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Fricke et al. 2014:36 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:294 [ref. 34104], Trnski 2015:943 [ref. 34273], Koeda et al. 2016:12 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:61 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:93 [ref. 35805], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2018:222 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:143 [ref. 36495], Arndt & Fricke 2019:21 [ref. 36883], Psomadakis et al. 2020:516 [ref. 37272], Ghasamzadeh 2022:314 [ref. 39712]). Current status: Valid as Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen) and Madagascar east to Philipines and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

menada, Liza Tanaka [S.] 1916:394 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 28 (no. 336); ref. 15080] Tokyo fish market, Japan. Syntypes: (several) ZUMT 3338 (1, lost). •Synonym of Liza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Thomson 1997:523 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Chelon haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Kim & Kim 1998:253 [ref. 25740], Chang et al. 1999:37 [ref. 24091]). •Synonym of Liza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Parin 2003:S16 [ref. 28536] with question, Harrison in Miller 2004:469 [ref. 27853], Parin et al. 2014:190 [ref. 33547] with question). •Synonym of Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

metzelaari, Mugil Chabanaud [P.] 1926:12 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 15581] Robertsport Grand Cape Mount, Liberia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 1647. Based on Mugil curema of Steindachner not of Valenciennes. Lectotype selected and figured in Boeseman 1963:48, Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [ref. 21734]. •Synonym of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 -- (Thomson 1990:859 [ref. 19180], Albaret in Lévêque et al. 1992:782 [ref. 21590], Thomson 1997:487 [ref. 23428], Mirande & Koerber 2015:55 [ref. 35117], Harrison 2016:2107 [ref. 34599]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

mexicanus, Mugil Steindachner [F.] 1875:86 [58], Pl. 8 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 4223] Acapulco, western Mexico. Holotype (unique): NMW 67346. On p. 58 of separate. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Okada 1961:628 [ref. 6363], Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:182 [ref. 24550], Minckley & Marsh 2009:273 [ref. 31114], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

meyeri, Mugil Günther [A.] 1872:439 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 9 (no. 54) (art. 46); ref. 2002] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Syntypes: BMNH 1872.3.12.25-26 (2). •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

microps, Agonostoma Günther [A.] 1861:462 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Probably West Indies. Syntypes: BMNH 1855.12.26.639-640 (2). •Synonym of Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Thomson 1997:465 [ref. 23428], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Current status: Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

minor, Mugil cephalus var. Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:xvi [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Not available, no description; from Arabia. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

minutus, Mugil Nardo [G. D.] (ex Chiereghini) 1847:col. 127 [Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell' opera intitolata: ...; ref. 17994] Italy. Apparently an overlooked available original description. Nomen Oblitum. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

monodi, Mugil Chabanaud [P.] 1926:8 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 15581] Port Etienne (Lévrier Bay), Mauritania; Agadir, Morocco, western coast of Africa. Syntypes: BMNH 1927.6.8.2-3 (2); MNHN 1926-0001 to 0004 (4) Mauritania, 1926-0009 (1) Agadir. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:696 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Mugil capurrii (Perugia 1892) -- (Trewavas 1973:568 [ref. 7201], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1202 [ref. 13677] as capurii, Thomson 1990:858 [ref. 19180] as cappurrii, Thomson 1997:482 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2016:2104 [ref. 34599]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil capurrii (Perugia 1892). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

monticola, Mugil Bancroft [E. N.] in Griffith & Smith 1834:367, Pl. 36 (opp. p. 366) [The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier; ref. 1908] Jamaica. No types preserved. Name available from Pl. 36 (vernacular only on p. 367). •Valid as Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Lee et al. 1980:778 [ref. 22416], Pezold & Edwards 1983:103 [ref. 37431], Robins & Ray 1986:212 [ref. 23100], Bussing 1987:230 [ref. 22927], Boschung 1992:152 [ref. 23239], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:72 [ref. 22290], Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995:1296 [ref. 22830], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:214 [ref. 22947], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:458 [ref. 24023], Thomson 1997:465 [ref. 23428], Garzon-Ferreira & Wedler 1997:1 [ref. 25270], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:874 [ref. 23897], Bussing 1998:385 [ref. 24179], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:187 [ref. 24550], Lim et al. 2002:68 [ref. 28310], Harrison 2003:1077 [ref. 27016], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:96 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:62 [ref. 37547], Miller 2006:181 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2006:36 [ref. 30386], Minckley & Marsh 2009:271 [ref. 31114], Matamoros et al. 2009:19 [ref. 31241], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Page & Burr 2011:607 [ref. 31215], Durand et al. 2012:690 [ref. 32366], Angulo et al. 2013:1003 [ref. 33194], McMahan et al. 2013:445 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:98 [ref. 32708], Phillip et al. 2013:23 [ref. 32896], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:30 [ref. 33341], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:319, 406 [ref. 34894], Robins et al. 2018:179 [ref. 35886], González-Murcia et al. 2019:294 [ref. 36544], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Escobar Camacho et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40892]). •Valid as Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Herrera 1896:40 [ref. 39336], Xia et al. 2016:170 [ref. 34127], Durand 2016:30 [ref. 35589], Kubicek et al. 2019:473 [ref. 39972], Angulo et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37425], López-Segovia et al. 2020:111 [ref. 38152], Love et al. 2021:91 [ref. 39279] as Dojaus monticula, Angulo et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40676]). Current status: Valid as Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Mugilidae. Distribution: Southern North America, Central America, South America: Western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and eastern Pacific drainages; Galápagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

muelleri, Mugil Klunzinger [C. B.] 1879:259 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 16 (no. 22); ref. 18913] King George Sound, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): SMNS 2572 (not found, probably lost). Type catalog: Fricke 1992:13 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:49 [ref. 29864] dated 1880. Name appeared as Mülleri in original. Also appeared in Klunzinger 1880:395 [671 of separate] [ref. 2624]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Liu & Shen 1991:275 [ref. 19215] as mulleri, Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:681 [ref. 29000], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

multidens, Trachystoma Ogilby [J. D.] 1888:614 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (pt 4); ref. 3264] Brackish water at Keruah River mouth, Port Stephens, Australia. Syntypes: (3). •Synonym of Myxus petardi (Castelnau 1875) -- (Thomson 1997:476 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Trachystoma petardi (Castelnau 1875) -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:683 [ref. 29000], Durand 2016:36 [ref. 35589]). Current status: Synonym of Trachystoma petardi (Castelnau 1875). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

multilineatus, Mugil Smith [A.] 1846:no pagination, Pl. 30 (fig. 2-2a) [Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa v. 4; ref. 4035] East and west coasts, rivers and lakes, of Cape Colony, South Africa. Syntypes: BMNH 1848.2.1.3 (1, dry, not seen). •Synonym of Liza richardsonii (Smith 1846) -- (Thomson 1986:347 [ref. 6215] as richardsoni, Thomson 1997:532 [ref. 23428] as richardsoni). •Synonym of Chelon richardsonii (Smith 1846). Current status: Synonym of Chelon richardsonii (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

myxone, Mugil cephalus var. Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:33, 56 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:103 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

nasutum, Agonostoma Günther [A.] 1861:463 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Río San Geronimo, Guatemala. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1861.8.12.14. •Synonym of Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Thomson 1997:465 [ref. 23428], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:187 [ref. 24550], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Current status: Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

nasutus, Mugil De Vis [C. W.] 1883:621 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 4); ref. 17381] Cardwell, Rockingham Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.120. Non-types: AMS I.12693 (1). •Valid as Squalomugil nasutus (De Vis 1883) -- (Durand et al. 2012:693 [ref. 32366], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:36 [ref. 35589]). •Valid as Rhinomugil nasutus (De Vis 1883) -- (Thomson 1997:498 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2101 [ref. 24780], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Hoese & Bray 2006:683 [ref. 29000], Larson et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:37 [ref. 33932], Shen & Durand 2016:81 [ref. 35591] as de Vis 1883). Current status: Valid as Rhinomugil nasutus (De Vis 1883). Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: northern Australia and New Guinea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

natalensis, Mugil Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:50 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. No types known. •Same as Liza dumerili (Steindachner 1870) or Trachystoma euronotus (Smith 1846) -- (Thomson 1997:545 [ref. 23428]). •Valid as Liza natalensis (Castelnau 1861) -- (Durand & Whitfield 2016:107 [ref. 35590] as "Chelon sp. B"). Current status: Valid as Chelon natalensis (Castelnau 1861). Mugilidae. Distribution: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to Mozambique. Habitat: marine.

nauticus, Chaenomugil Bryan [W. A.] & Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1903:127 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 15652] Marcus Island, western Pacific. Holotype: BPBM 2407. Paratypes: ANSP 85175 [ex BPBM 2487-92] (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:128 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Neomyxus chaptalii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (authors). •Synonym of Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Thomson 1997:477 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2099 [ref. 24780]). Current status: Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

naziri, Mugil speigleri Rizvi [S. N.] & Iqbal [M. A.] 1986:85, Fig. 2 [Biologia (Lahore) v. 32 (Special Supplement); ref. 9136] Hub River, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Holotype (unique): "F.Z.R 1982 M.A.I.". •Questionably a synonym of Moolgarda speigleri (Bleeker 1858) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Osteomugil speigleri (Bleeker 1858). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

neocaledonicus, Mugil Castelnau [F. L.] 1873:116 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 2; ref. 758] Nouméa, New Caledonia. Syntypes: NMV 51860 [=A9739] (1). •Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Liu & Shen 1991:278 [ref. 19215], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:321 [ref. 28867], Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

nepalensis, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:424 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Nepal. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1853.8.16.25 (skin). •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

niger, Myxus Mohr [E.] 1927:183, Fig. 5 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 54; ref. 15800] Lima, Peru. Lectotype: ZMH H174. Paralectotypes: (2). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:405 [ref. 21161] as a syntype. Lectotype selected by Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

nigrostrigatus, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:457, Fig. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Borneo [in error] and St. Vincente, Cape Verde Islands. Syntypes: BMNH 1844.10.17.61 (1) ?Borneo, 1961.6.27.4 (1) St. Vincente. Originally as nigro-strigatus. Localities as labelled (a) Borneo: very doubtful and (b) St. Vincents which Günther interpreted as St. Vincents of Windward Is., but is almost certainly St. Vicente, Cape Verde Is. •Synonym of Chelon bispinosus (Bowdich 1825) -- (Thomson 1990:855 [ref. 19180], Thomson 1997:541 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2016:2085 [ref. 34599]). Current status: Synonym of Chelon bispinosus (Bowdich 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: marine.

nonpilcharda, Aldrichetta forsteri Whitley [G. P.] 1951:66 [Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales v. for 1949-50; ref. 4711] Bunbury, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): WAM P.2690-001. Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:32 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:35 [ref. 30117]. •Synonym of Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:676 [ref. 29000] as neopilchardi). Current status: Synonym of Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

norfolcensis, Cestraeus Ogilby [J. D.] 1897:80 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 22 (pt 1); ref. 3272] Norfolk Island. Syntypes: (2) AMS I.4937 (1). •Status uncertain -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:685 [ref. 29000]). Mugilidae.

nortoni, Mugil Ogilby [J. D.] 1908:22 [Annals of the Queensland Museum No. 9 (pt 1); ref. 3285] Brisbane River, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.775. •Synonym of Valamugil georgii (Ogilby 1897) -- (Thomson 1997:504 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2105 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Paramugil georgii (Ogilby 1897) -- (Ghasemzadeh et al. 2004:16 [ref. 28614], Hoese & Bray 2006:682 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Synonym of Paramugil georgii (Ogilby 1897). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

occidentalis, Mugil Castelnau [F. L.] 1873:135 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 2; ref. 758] Western Australia. Syntypes: MNHN A-3654 (3), A-3655 (3); NMV 51852 [=A9732] (1) near Fremantle. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:696-697 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Liu & Shen 1991:275 [ref. 19215]). •Synonym of Liza vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Dor 1984:192 [ref. 29757], Thomson 1997:538 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:680 [ref. 29000]). •Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

octoradiatus, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:347 [3], Fig. [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 7 (no. 41) (art. 38); ref. 23431] English coast. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1977.7.26.1 (Gerrard specimen). On p. 3 of separate. Originally as octo-radiatus, and as Mugil 8-radiatus in figure caption. Appeared as above first, then in Günther Dec. 1861:437, fig. [ref. 1964] with second specimen added. •Synonym of Mugil ramada Risso 1810 -- (Berg 1949:995 [ref. 20662]). •Synonym of Liza aurata (Risso 1827) -- (Trewavas 1973:571 [ref. 7201], Kottelat 1997:157 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:517 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Liza ramada (Risso 1827) -- (Thomson 1997:530 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Current status: Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ogilbyi, Mugil Fowler [H. W.] 1918:5, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 70; ref. 1396] Philippines. Holotype: ANSP 47479. Paratypes: ANSP 47480 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:128 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

oligolepis, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1859:437, 275? [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 19; ref. 16985] Sumbawa Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 6405 (7). Bleeker specimens: AMS B.8022 (1). Based on Mugil dussumieir of Bleeker 1848:637 [ref. 315] and Mugil macrolepis of Bleeker 1858:275 [ref. 13993]. Unfortunately, Ghasemzadeh et al. 2004:15 [ref. 28614] wrongly attribute a holotype to Bleeker's oligolepis, but no holotype was established originally; they designated the "holotype" as the neotype for Mugil parmatus Cantor 1849, but no length was given for the "holotype" so the neotype designation was not established [one could argue that the neotype could be discerned by looking for a specimen so marked in RMNH 6405 (7 specimens)]. •Valid as Mugil oligolepis Bleeker 1859 -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:275 [ref. 24860]). •Valid as Liza oligolepis (Bleeker 1859) -- (Roberts 1978:61 [ref. 8886], Dor 1984:191 [ref. 29757], Coad 1991:26 [ref. 15702], Goren & Dor 1994:51 [ref. 25356], Ataur Rahman 2003:300 [ref. 31338], Coad 2010:236 [ref. 36620], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Liza parmata Cantor 1850 -- (Thomson 1997:528 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2090 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Paramugil parmatus (Cantor 1849) -- (Ghasemzadeh et al. 2004:15 [ref. 28614] with 1850 date and wrongly with a holotype). Current status: Synonym of Paramugil parmatus (Cantor 1849). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

olivaceus, Mugil Day [F.] 1876:357 [The fishes of India Part 2; ref. 1081] Seas of India, ascending rivers. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: BMNH 1889.2.1.3753-3756 (4), 1975.9.30.15 (1, dry); MZUF 4701 (1); ZSI F2142 (1). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:160 [ref. 23762]. •Synonym of Liza parsia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:893 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Thomson 1997:525 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ophuysenii, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1858:279 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 16 (no. 2); ref. 13993] Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 6394 (2). •Valid as Valamugil ophuysenii (Bleeker 1858) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:126 [ref. 23448]). •Synonym of Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:501 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2103 [ref. 24780]). •Valid as Mugil ophuysenii Bleeker 1858 -- (Wu & Lu in Kuang et al. 1986:204 [ref. 26639], Zhu 1995:166 [ref. 25213]). •Valid as Osteomugil ophuyseni (Bleeker 1858) -- (Chen et al. 1997:37 [ref. 26476]). •Synonym of Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ordensis, Moolgarda (Planiliza) Whitley [G. P.] 1945:17, Fig. 9 [Australian Zoologist v. 11 (pt 1); ref. 4707] Carlton Reach, Ord River, northwestern Australia. Holotype (unique): WAM P.2758-001. Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:32 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:35 [ref. 30117]. •Synonym of Liza alata (Steindachner 1892) -- (Thomson 1997:515 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2086 [ref. 24780], Hoese & Bray 2006:678 [ref. 29000], Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Liza ordensis (Whitley 1945) -- (Larson et al. 2013:56 [ref. 32988], Shen & Durand 2016:76 [ref 35591], Pusey et al. 2017:47 [ref. 35250]). •Valid as Planiliza ordensis (Whitley 1945) -- (Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589]). Current status: Valid as Planiliza ordensis (Whitley 1945). Mugilidae. Distribution: Northern Territory, Australia, New Guinea and Tonga. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

our, Mugil crenilabis Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:74, xiv [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [No locality stated] Red Sea. Holotype (unique): ZMUC P71372 (dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:73 [ref. 9588]. Originally öur on p. 74, öûr on p. xiv; evidently not German so emendation to oeur is not made. Holotype figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 36 [ref. 20847]. Mugil oecur Ogilby 1897 is a misspelling. Kottelat (2013) says Not available, vernacular name. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:992 [ref. 20662], Okada 1961:627 [ref. 6363], Dor 1984:192 [ref. 29757], Thomson 1986:348 [ref. 6215], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:896 [ref. 20764], Coad 1996:6 [ref. 23831] as oeur, Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2096 [ref. 24780], as oeur and öur, Harrison 2003:1079 [ref. 27016], Ataur Rahman 2003:301 [ref. 31338] as oeur, Fricke 2008:21 [ref. 30182] with author as Fabricius, Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989], Harrison 2016:2105 [ref. 34599], Golani & Fricke 2018:119 [ref. 36273] as oeur). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

oxyrhyncus, Cestraeus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:162 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-4313 (poor condition). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:678 [ref. 21541]. Spelled oxyrhynchos and oxyrhynchus in early literature. •Valid as Cestraeus oxyrhyncus Valenciennes 1836 -- (Roberts 1993:37 [ref. 21799], Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448] as oxyrhynchus, Thomson 1997:471 [ref. 23428] as oxyrhynchus, Marquet & Mary 1999:34 [ref. 23933] as oxyrhynchus, Harrison & Senou 1999:2079 [ref. 24780] as oxyrhynchus, Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Durand et al. 2012:691 [ref. 32366] as oxyrhincus, Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989], Duran 2016:66 [ref. 35591] as oxyrhynchus, Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Cestraeus oxyrhyncus Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Asia and Oceania. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pacificus, Myxus Steindachner [F.] 1900:175 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 37 (no. 16) (for 21 June 1900); ref. 20498] Laysan Island, Leeward Islands, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): UMB (not found). Type catalog: Wahlert 1955:326 [ref. 21527]. Species later described in detail in Steindachner 1900:500 [ref. 14892] (p. 18 of separate). •Questionably a synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Mundy 2005:278 [ref. 28379]). •Possibly young of Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Thomson 1997:545 [ref. 23428]). Current status: Uncertain as Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

palustris, Cephalus Plumier [C.] in Lacepède 1800:588 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Not available, name only in the account of Gobiomorus dormitor Lacepède. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

papillosus, Mugil Macleay [W.] 1883:270, Fig. [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 2); ref. 17587] Fresh water on Normanby Island, southeastern New Guinea. Syntypes: AMS I.13392-94 (1, 1, 1). •Synonym of Crenimugil heterocheilos (Bleeker 1855) -- (Thomson 1997:510 [ref. 23428] as heterocheilus, Hoese & Bray 2006:677 [ref. 29000], Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil heterocheilos (Bleeker 1855). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

parmatus, Mugil Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1076 [94] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Penang, Malaysia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. On p. 94 of separate. Unfortunately, Ghasemzadeh et al. 2004:15 [ref. 28614] wrongly attribute a holotype to Bleeker's oligolepis, but no holotype was established originally; they designated that "holotype" as the neotype for Mugil parmatus Cantor 1849, but no length was given for the "holotype" so the neotype designation was not established [one could argue that the neotype could be discerned by looking for a specimen so marked in RMNH 6405 (7 specimens)]. •Wrongly in the synonymy of Lisa oligolepis Bleeker 1859 -- (Ataur Rahman 2003:300 [ref. 31338]). •Valid as Liza parmata (Cantor 1849) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448], Thomson 1997:528 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2090 [ref. 24780], Allen et al. 2008:79 [ref. 30265], Shen & Durand 2016:77 [ref 35591]). •Valid as "Mugil" parmatus Cantor 1849 -- (Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122]). •Valid as Planiliza parmata (Cantor 1849) -- (Durand et al. 2012:693 [ref. 32366], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[9] [ref. 39245]). •Valid as Chelon parmatus (Cantor 1849) -- (Taki et al. 2021:314 [ref. 39830] as parmata). •Valid as Paramugil parmatus (Cantor 1849) -- (Ghasemzadeh et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624] with wrong date and neotype designation, Hoese & Bray 2006:683 [ref. 29000] dated 1850, Shibukawa 2009:44 [ref. 30449], Larson et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:57 [ref. 34464], Fricke et al. 2014:37 [ref. 33932], Ali et al. 2018:342 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:96 [ref. 35805], Eagderi et al. 2019:86 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Paramugil parmatus (Cantor 1849). Mugilidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east to Fiji, north to Philippines, south to northern Australia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

parsia, Mugil Hamilton [F.] 1822:215, 380, Pl. 17 (fig. 71) [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Fresh water rivers of Bengal. No types known. Hamilton's original illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 122 [ref. 37532]. •Valid as Mugil parsia Hamilton 1822 -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:277 [ref. 24860]). •Valid as Liza parsia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:893 [ref. 20764], Indra 1993:189 [ref. 24009], Indra 1994:424 [ref. 24015], Thomson 1997:529 [ref. 23428], Mishra et al. 1999:87 [ref. 25315], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:187 [ref. 25703], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Khan 2003:10 [ref. 27710], 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2093 [ref. 24780], Ataur Rahman 2003:302 [ref. 31338], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989], Shen & Durand 2016:78 [ref 35591], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Hasan et al. 2020:141 [ref. 37945]). •Valid as Chelon parsia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Shibukawa 2009:42 [ref. 30449], Psomadakis et al. 2015:294 [ref. 34104], Suresh et al. 2018:144 [ref. 36495], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:517 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Chelon parsia (Hamilton 1822). Mugilidae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Pakistan and India to Myanmar and Andaman Sea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

parva, Liza Oshima [M.] 1922:253, Pl. 11 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 13 (nos 3-4) (art. 6); ref. 15322] Anpin near Tainan, Taiwan. Holotype: FMNH 59146 [ex CM 8284]. Paratypes: (5 + many). Type catalog: Henn 1928:89 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:53 [ref. 12367], Ho & Shao 2011:38 [ref. 31432]. •Synonym of Chelon macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Liu & Shen 1991:273 [ref. 19215], Ho & Shao 2011:38 [ref. 31432]). •Status uncertain -- (Thomson 1997:545 [ref. 23428] but types not examined). •Synonym of Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

parviceps, Mugil Waite [E. R.] 1904:22 [Memoirs N. S. W. Naturalists' Club No. 2; ref. 23429] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Syntypes: (orig. 2) NMW 75847 (2) or 60923 (2). Replacement name for Mugil breviceps Steindachner 1866, preoccupied by Mugil breviceps Valenciennes 1846. •Synonym of Myxus petardi (Castelnau 1875) -- (Thomson 1997:476 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Trachystoma petardi (Castelnau 1875) -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:683 [ref. 29000]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Trachystoma petardi (Castelnau 1875). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pedaraki, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:137 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Visakhapatnam, India. No types known. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:721 [ref. 21541]. Based on Russell 1802:66, Pl. 182. See Mugil peradak Cuvier 1829. The name malabarica has not been used as a valid name since the early 1800's (R. Fricke 2014). •Questionably a synonym of Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:505 [ref. 23428] as pederaki). •Valid as Valamugil pedaraki (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Carpenter et al. 1997:205 [ref. 23922]). •Synonym of Moolgarda malabarica (Shaw 1894) -- (Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Crenimugil pedaraki (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Eagderi et al. 2019:85 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2022:50 [ref. 40522]). •Valid as Moolgarda pedaraki (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Randall 1995:236 [ref. 22896], Nakabo 2000:541 [ref. 25086], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Sakai et al. 2001:104 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:541 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:44 [ref. 26830] with genus as Moolgardia, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S113 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:23 [ref. 27510], Shibukawa 2009:44 [ref. 30449], Koeda et al. 2016:13 [ref. 35333], Shibukawa in Kimura et al. 2018:224 [ref. 36460], Psomadakis et al. 2020:519 [ref. 37272], Taki et al. 2021:315 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Moolgarda pedaraki (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Oman and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia and Vietnam, north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

peradak, Mugil Cuvier [G.] 1829:232 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No Locality [Vizagapatam, India]. Available from footnote as, "M. peradak, N., Russel, 182." Also appeared in Cuvier 1831:171 [ref. 30376]. Predates Mugil peradaki Valenciennes 1836; based on same source. The name malabarica has not been used since the early 1800's (R. Fricke 2014). •In the synonymy of Moolgarda malabarica (Shaw 1804) -- (Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil pedaraki (Valenciennes 1836). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Moolgarda pedaraki (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

percoides, Agonostoma Günther [A.] 1861:464 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] West Indies. Syntypes: (6) BMNH 1848.1.12.1083 (skins) Jamaica, 1850.6.7.16 (1) San Domingo, 1861.11.7.2 (1) West Indies. •Synonym of Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Thomson 1997:465 [ref. 23428], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Current status: Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

peronii, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:138 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Northwestern coast of Australia; Western Port, Victoria, Austrqalia. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4965 (1), A-3620 (1). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:697 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Liza argentea (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Thomson 1997:516 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2087 [ref. 24780], Hoese & Bray 2006:678 [ref. 29000]). •Synonym of Gracilimugil argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Current status: Synonym of Gracilimugil argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

persicus, Chelon Senou [H.], Randall [J. E.] & Okiyama [M.] in Randall 1995:235, Fig. 611 [Coastal fishes of Oman; ref. 22896] Doha fish market, Qatar, Persian Gulf. Holotype: KPM-NI0000380. Paratypes: BPBM 21266 (2), 29551 (1); ZUMT 59484-85 (1, 1), 59505 (1). Appeared first as above, then in Senou, Randall & Okiyama 1996:72, Fig. 104 [ref. 23193]. •Valid as Liza persicus (Senou, Randall & Okiyama 1995) -- (Carpenter et al. 1997:203 [ref. 23922]). •Valid as Planiliza persica (Senou, Randall & Okiyama 1995) -- (Eagderi et al. 2019:86 [ref. 37020]). •Valid as Chelon persicus Senou, Randall & Okiyama 1995 -- (Thieme et al. 2022:9 [ref. 39600]). Current status: Valid as Chelon persicus Senou, Randall & Okiyama 1995. Mugilidae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf; Mozambique to east coast of South Africa. Habitat: marine.

peruanus, Mugil Hildebrand [S. F.] 1946:424, Fig. 82 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 189; ref. 2161] Independencia Bay, near La Lagunilla, Peru. Holotype: USNM 127877. Paratypes: (more than 100) BMNH 1949.5.18.5-8 [ex USNM] (4?), USNM 77563 (21), 775876 (5), 127877-84 (1, 51, 32, 9, 5, 1, 17, 9). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

perusii, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:116 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands, southwestern Pacific. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-3645. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:697 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Liu & Shen 1991:275 [ref. 19215]). •Synonym of Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:501 [ref. 23428]). •Valid as Valamugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2106 [ref. 24780], Larson et al. 2013:59 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Sato et al. 1998:40 [ref. 24972], Nakabo 2000:541 [ref. 25086], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Sakai et al. 2001:104 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:541 [ref. 26001], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:23 [ref. 27510], Motomura et al. 2010:80 [ref. 31256], Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 21989], Fricke et al. 2014:36 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:296 [ref. 34104], Shen & Durand 2016:79 [ref 35591], Motomura et al. 2017:62 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:94 [ref. 35805], Tafzilmeriam in Kimura et al. 2018:225 [ref. 36460], Hasan et al. 2020:137 [ref. 37945], Psomadakis et al. 2020:519 [ref. 37272], Taki et al. 2021:314 [ref. 39830]). •Valid as Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Durand et al. 2012:694 [ref. 32366], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Fricke et al. 2019:76 [ref. 36673], Yoshigou 2022:15 [ref. 39640]). Current status: Valid as Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Madagascar east to Mariana Islands and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to southern Japan, south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

pescadorensis, Liza Oshima [M.] 1922:254, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 13 (nos 3-4) (art. 6); ref. 15322] Pescadores Island at Bakô, Taiwan. Holotype: FMNH 59147 [ex CM 8285]. Paratypes: (some). Type catalog: Henn 1928:89 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:53 [ref. 12367], Ho & Shao 2011:39 [ref. 31432]. •Synonym of Chelon macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Ho & Shao 2011:39 [ref. 31432]). •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Thomson 1997:525 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

petardi, Mugil Castelnau [F. L.] 1875:32 [Official Record, containing Introduction, Catalogues, Official Awards of the Commissioners, Report and Recommendations of the Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria.; ref. 768] Richmond River, New South Wales, Australia. Syntypes: MNHN A-5130 (2). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:697 [ref. 21541]. •Valid as Myxus petardi (Castelnau 1875) -- (Thomson in McDowall 1996:191 [ref. 22909], Thomson 1997:476 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2098 [ref. 24780], Allen et al. 2002:254 [ref. 25930]). •Valid as Trachystoma petardi (Castelnau 1875) -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:683 [ref. 29000], Durand et al. 2012:694 [ref. 32366], Durand 2016:36 [ref. 35589]). Current status: Valid as Trachystoma petardi (Castelnau 1875). Mugilidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

petherici, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:441 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Nile River at Cairo, Egypt. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1861.9.9.5. •Synonym of Liza ramada (Risso 1827) -- (Trewavas 1973:570 [ref. 7201], Thomson 1986:347 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1997:530 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2003:28 [ref. 27341] dating to 1826). •Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Current status: Synonym of Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Mugilidae.

petrosus, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:89 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Cuba. Lectotype: MNHN A-3613. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-3611 (1) Suriname, A-3612 (1) Suriname, A-3614 (1) Vera Cruz, A-3615 (1) New York; ZMB 1825 [ex MNHN] (1) Rio de Janeiro. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:697-698 [ref. 21541]. As Mugil rupestris on p. ix. Lectotype selected by Harrison 1993:145 [ref. 21990]. •Synonym of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 -- (Thomson 1990:859 [ref. 19180], Harrison 1993:145 [ref. 21990], Thomson 1997:487 [ref. 23428] on MNHN A.3613, Mirande & Koerber 2015:55 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

philippinus, Mugil Fowler [H. W.] 1918:7, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 70; ref. 1396] Philippines. Holotype: ANSP 47481. Paratypes: ANSP 47482 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:128 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

philippinus, Myxus Roxas [H. A.] 1934:424, Pl. 1 (fig. 9), Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Philippine Journal of Science v. 54 (no. 3); ref. 15735] Lumbucan Island, near Balabac, Palawan Province, Philippines. BSMP 28473 (destroyed in WWII). Paratypes: BSMP 28469 (1, destroyed in WWII). •Synonym of Liza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish.

pichardi, Joturus Poey [F.] 1860:263, Pl. 18 (figs. 4-5) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Río Almendares, near Havana, Cuba. Holotype: MCZ 23886. Possible type: USNM 132429 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:185 [ref. 22926] with a holotype, Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35177]. •Valid as Joturus pichardi Poey 1860 -- (Herrera 1896:40 [ref. 39336], Bussing 1987:231 [ref. 22927], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:72 [ref. 22290], Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995:1296 [ref. 22830], Thomson 1997:468 [ref. 23428], Garzón-Ferreira & Wedler 1997:1 [ref. 25270], Bussing 1998:390 [ref. 24179], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:188 [ref. 24550] as pichardoi, Harrison 2003:1078 [ref. 27016], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:97 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:19 [ref. 28815], Miller 2006:182 [ref. 28615], Matamoros et al. 2009:19 [ref. 31241], Page et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:1003 [ref. 33194], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35177], Durand 2016:31 [ref. 35589], López-Segovia et al. 2020:111 [ref. 38151], Angulo et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40676]). Current status: Valid as Joturus pichardi Poey 1860. Mugilidae. Distribution: Southern North America, Central America: Caribbean and Pacific coastal drainages of coastal rivers: Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Mexico and Panama. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

planiceps, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:122 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN A-3647 (1, poor condition), A-3648 (2, poor condition), A-3659 (2). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:698-699 [ref. 21541]. •Valid as Liza planiceps (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Carpenter et al. 1997:203 [ref. 23922], Harrison & Senou 1999:2091 [ref. 24780], Allen et al. 2008:80 [ref. 30265]). •Synonym of Liza tade (Forsskål 1775) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:894 [ref. 20764], Thomson 1997:535 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Chelon planiceps (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Suresh et al. 2018:146 [ref. 36495], Hasan et al. 2020:145 [ref. 37945], Psomadakis et al. 2020:517 [ref. 37272]). •Valid as Planiliza planiceps (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Eagderi et al. 2019:87 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:65 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Planiliza planiceps (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Socotra to Mariana Islands and Vanuatu, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

platanus, Mugil Günther [A.] 1880:9 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 6 (no. 31) (art. 2); ref. 14279] Rio de la Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Syntypes: (6) BMNH 1878.9.10.1-4 (4). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2003:1079 [ref. 27016], Menni 2004:85 [ref. 28131]). •Valid as Mugil platanus Günther 1880 -- (López et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27366], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:65 [ref. 27192], González Castro et al. 2008:319 [ref. 29811], Mabragaña et al. 2011:table S2 [ref. 31800], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Nión et al. 2016:41 [ref. 35565]). •Synonym of Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836 -- (Menezes et al. 2010:61 [ref. 30860], Mirande & Koerber 2015:55 [ref. 35117], Pacheco-Almanzar et al. 2016:381 [ref. 34431], Carvalho-Filho 2023:200 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay (if valid). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

plicatilis, Cestraeus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:157, Pl. 315 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-2894 (poor condition). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:679 [ref. 21541]. •Valid as Cestraeus plicatilis Valenciennes 1836 -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448], Thomson 1997:470 [ref. 23428], Marquet & Mary 1999:34 [ref. 23933], Harrison & Senou 1999:2079 [ref. 24780], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:59 [ref. 25191], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Miesen et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34492], Durand 2016:29 [ref. 35589], Shen & Durand 2016:75 [ref. 35591], Amick & Toko 2021:11 [ref. 38599], Amick et al. 2021:160 [ref. 38373], Keith et al. 2021:36 [ref. 38257], Yoshigou 2022:11 [ref. 39640], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Cestraeus plicatilis Valenciennes 1836. Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines, New Britain (Papua New Guinea) and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

plumieri, Mugil Bloch [M. E.] 1794:173, Pl. 396 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 8; ref. 463] St. Vincent Island, West Indies. No types known. On p. 136 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 11 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Okada 1961:628 [ref. 6363], Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Ross et al. 2001:347 [ref. 25978], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). •This was treated by de Sylva 1975:84 [ref. 6302] as a sphyraenid and dating to Bloch & Schneider and placed in the synonymy of Sphyraena barracuda. •Possibly a synonym of Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836 -- (see Menezes et al. 2010:66 [ref. 30860]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

plumierii, Mugil Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:385, 389 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Antilles. Mugilidae.

poeyi, Mugil Poey [F.] (ex Jordan & GIlbert) 2000:551, Pls. 299 (figs. 1-2), 300 (figs. a-g, 1-3) [Ictiologia Cubana. Posthumous transcription of original unpublished manuscript (1884) by M. Sánchez Roig and F. Gómez de la Maza v. 1-3; ref. 26366] Not available; not explicitly proposed as new [see Art. 16.1 of the Code]. Posthumous publication. Mugilidae.

poicilus, Mugil Day [F.] 1865:33 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865 (pt 1) (art. 1); ref. 17367] Cochin, Malabar coast, India. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: BMNH 1864.1.19.8 (1), FMNH 2448 (1), NMW 67381 (1), RMNH 1638 (1), ZIN 8271 (1), ZMB 10775 (1), ZSI F2135 (1). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:160 [ref. 23762]. Also appeared in Day 1865:140, Pl.9 [ref. 1074]. •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:891 [ref. 20764] as poecilus). •Synonym of Liza tade (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:535 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza tade (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza tade (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

proboscideus, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:459, Figs. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Pacific coast of Central America. Syntypes: (at least 14) BMNH 1860.7.21.22 (1) Cordova, 1861.8.13.4 (1) Panama; ZMB 5420 (?) Panama. Also appeared as new in Günther 1862:375 [6] [ref. 1968]. •Valid as Chaenomugil proboscideus (Günther 1861) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:194 [ref. 22193] as proboscidens, Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995:1296 [ref. 22830], Thomson 1997:479 [ref. 23428], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:459 [ref. 24023], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:186 [ref. 24550], Thomson et al. 2000:288 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:97 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:62 [ref. 37547], Miller 2006:181 [ref. 28615], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Durand et al. 2012:691 [ref. 32366], Page et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:442 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Durand 2016:29 [ref. 35589], Love et al. 2021:91 [ref. 39279], Angulo et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40676], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Chaenomugil proboscideus (Günther 1861). Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Panama, including southern Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galápagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

productus, Mugil Fischer [J. G.] 1885:69 [Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten v. 2; ref. 18083] Eloby, West Africa. Holotype (unique): ZMH 3874. •Synonym of Chelon affinis (Günther 1861) -- (Kim & Kim 1998:251 [ref. 25740]). •Synonym of Liza grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1990:857 [ref. 19180], Thomson 1997:521 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Parachelon grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Parachelon grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

profugus, Myxus Mohr [E.] 1927:184, Fig. 6 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 54; ref. 15800] Japan and Taiwan. Syntypes: ?ZMB 20287 (2). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:39 [ref. 31432]. •Synonym of Chelon affinis Günther 1861 -- (Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Liza affinis (Günther 1861) -- (Liu & Shen 1991:275 [ref. 19215], Thomson 1997:514 [ref. 23428], Senou et al. 1987:312 [ref. 24301], Ho & Shao 2011:39 [ref. 31432]). •Synonym of Liza lauvergnii Mohr 1927 -- (Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Hasan et al. 2022:504 [ref. 39700]). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

provensalis, Mugil Risso [A.] 1810:346 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Also listed as a synonym of Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier 1829) -- (Trewavas 1973:573 [ref. 7201]). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Trewavas 1973:567 [ref. 7201], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2003:7 [ref. 27341], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pseudotelestes, Mugil Pietschmann [V.] 1912:268 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 49 (no. 17); ref. 14860] Schatt el Arab, at Basra (Aschar), southeastern Iraq. Syntypes: (9). •Questionably a synonym of Liza abu (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1991:22 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:28 [ref. 23608], Thomson 1997:513 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Liza abu (Heckel 1843) -- (Esmaeili et al. 2010:374 [ref. 33391]). •Synonym of Planiliza abu (Heckel 1843) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:892 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2018:69 [ref. 36089]). Current status: Uncertain as Planiliza abu (Heckel 1843). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pulchellus, Mugil Troschel [F. H.] 1866:222, Pl. 5 (figs. 10-11) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 32 (pt. 1); ref. 4465] Cape Verde Islands. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Possible synonym of Chelon bispinosus (Bowdich 1825) -- (Thomson 1990:855 [ref. 19180], Thomson 1997:541 [ref. 23428]). Current status: Uncertain as Chelon bispinosus (Bowdich 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: marine.

pura, Moolgarda Whitley [G. P.] 1945:15, Fig. 8 [Australian Zoologist v. 11 (pt 1); ref. 4707] Point Cloates, Western Australia. Holotype: ?AMS I.13225. Considered a nomen dubium by some authors. •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:679 [ref. 29000]). •Synonym of Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

radians, Mugil Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:49 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. The name malabarica has not been used as a valid name since the early 1800's (R. Fricke 2014). •Questionably a synonym of Valamugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853) -- (Thomson 1997:500 [ref. 23428]). •Questionably a synonym of Moolgarda malabarica (Shaw 1804) -- (Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853). Current status: Uncertain as Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ramada, Mugil Risso [A.] 1827:390 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Appeared first in Risso 1810:344 [ref. 3755] but as a vernacular name ramado -- see Kottelat 2008:243 [ref. 30065]. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:43 [ref. 24101] for ramado 1810, but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Liza ramado (Risso 1810) -- (Fricke 1999:42 [ref. 24101], Fricke et al. 2007:67 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Mugil ramada Risso 1827 -- (Berg 1949:995 [ref. 20662]). •Valid as Liza ramada (Risso 1827) -- (Trewavas 1973:570 [ref. 7201], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1200 [ref. 13677], Thomson 1986:347 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:857 [ref. 19180], Coad 1996:86 [ref. 25304], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:529 [ref. 23428], Arruda 1997:114 [ref. 24952], Koutrakis & Economidis 2000:299 [ref. 25056], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:106 [ref. 26753], Harrison 2003:28 [ref. 27341] dating to 1826, Parin 2003:S16 [ref. 28536], Golani 2005:48 [ref. 37112] dated 1826, Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:176 [ref. 28369] dating to 1826, Fricke 2007:29 [ref. 30577], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:467 [ref. 29996], Vasil'eva 2007:63 [ref. 30517], Kottelat 2008:245 [ref. 30065], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:52 [ref. 36649], Trape et al. 2012:127 [ref. 31792], Parin et al. 2014:190 [ref. 33547], Çiçek et al. 2015:151 [ref. 35151], Harrison 2016:2097 [ref. 34599], Neumann et al. 2016:307 [ref. 35036], Ćaleta et al. 2019:185 [ref. 37026], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:98 [ref. 36864], Gus'kov et al. 2022:71 [ref. 39564]). •Valid as Chelon ramada (Risso 1827) -- (Durand et al. 2012:692 [ref. 32366], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Barbieri et al. 2015:87 [ref. 35029], Durand 2016:29 [ref. 35589], Martins & Carneiro 2018:101 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:202 [ref. 37250], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:253 [ref. 37108], Bariche & Fricke 2020:50 [ref. 37515], Çiçek et al. 2020:256 [ref. 37644], Freyhof et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37614], Iglésias et al. 2020:296 [ref. 37987], Kovačić et al. 2020:30 [ref. 37519], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Bañón & Maño 2021:88 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:65 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:54 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:271 [ref. 39448] with question, Niță et al. 2022:53 [ref. 40471], Thieme et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39600], Çiçek et al. 2023:472 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:446 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:45 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747] as Chelonramada, Çiçek et al. 2024:364 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Chelon ramada (Risso 1827). Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: southern Norway south to Senegal, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands. Introduced in Red Sea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

rammelsbergii, Mugil Tschudi [J. J. von] 1846:20 [Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana; ref. 4469] San Lorenzo Island, Peru. Syntypes: ?MSNG 13911 [ex ZMB] (2); ZMB 1853-54 (1, 1). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:334 [ref. 10350], Kottelat 1987:51 [ref. 25858]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Okada 1961:628 [ref. 6363], Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:463 [ref. 24023], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ramsayi, Mugil Macleay [W.] 1883:208 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 2); ref. 14342] Burdekin River, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: AMS IA.5944-46 (1, 1, 5). •Valid as Liza ramsayi (Macleay 1883) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2092 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Liza argentea (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Thomson 1997:516 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:678 [ref. 29000]). •Possibly valid as Gracilimugil ramsayi (Macleay 1883). •Synonym of Gracilimugil argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Durand 2016:31 [ref. 35589]). Current status: Synonym of Gracilimugil argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish.

rechingeri, Mugil Steindachner [F.] 1906:1416 [48] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 115 (1. Abth.); ref. 4242] Upolu, Samoa Islands. Syntypes: (6) NMW 67390 (1), 67395 (3). On p. 48 of separate. •Synonym of Valamugil engeli (Bleeker 1858) -- (Thomson 1997:503 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Moolgarda engeli (Bleeker 1858) -- (Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Osteomugil engeli (Bleeker 1858). Current status: Synonym of Osteomugil engeli (Bleeker 1858). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

richardsonii, Mugil Smith [A.] 1846:no pagination, Pl. 29 (fig. 1) [Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa v. 4; ref. 4035] Cape Seas, South Africa. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1844.2.15.53-54 (2), ?1848.2.1.5 (1, dry, not seen), ?1848.3.31.5 (stuffed, in bottle). •Valid as Liza richardsonii (Smith 1846) (often seen as richardsoni) -- (Thomson 1986:347 [ref. 6215], Smith & Smith 1986:717 [ref. 5717], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:166 [ref. 25472], Thomson 1997:532 [ref. 23428], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:366 [ref. 28072], Trape et al. 2012:127 [ref. 31792], Harrison 2016:2097 [ref. 34599], Durand & Whitfield 2016:106 [ref. 35590] with author as Smith 1846, Reiner 2019:128 [ref. 38139] as richardsoni). •Valid as Chelon richardsonii (Smith 1846) -- (Senou et al. 1996:75 [ref. 23193], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:29 [ref. 35589], Ghasamzadeh 2022:315 [ref. 39712], Thieme et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39600]). Current status: Valid as Chelon richardsonii (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: Angola south to Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), including São Tomé and Principe; southwestern Indian Ocean: Cape of Good Hope north to KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

robustus, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:432 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Coast of Madagascar. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1972.11.27.2. •Valid as Valamugil robustus (Günther 1861) -- (Smith & Smith 1986:719 [ref. 5717], Reinthal & Stiassny 1997:354 [ref. 22780], Thomson 1997:504 [ref. 23428], Fricke 1999:362 [ref. 24106], Keith et al. 1999:88 [ref. 24548], Heemstra et al. 2004:3327 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:368 [ref. 28072]). •Valid as Moolgarda robusta (Günther 1861) -- (Fricke et al. 2009:30 [ref. 30213], Durand & Whitfield 2016:109 [ref. 35590] with author as Günther 1861, Fricke et al. 2018:94 [ref. 35805], Ghasamzadeh 2022:321 [ref. 39712]). •Valid as Osteomugil robustus (Günther 1861) -- (Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Arndt & Fricke 2019:22 [ref. 36883]). Current status: Valid as Osteomugil robustus (Günther 1861). Mugilidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) north to Mozambique, east to Madagascar and Mascarenes (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

robustus, Myxus Mohr [E.] 1927:189, Fig. 11 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 54; ref. 15800] Panama. Lectotype: ZMH H74. Paralectotypes: (14) ZMH H170 (1), ?ZMB 15886. Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:163 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:406 [ref. 21161] as syntypes. Lectotype selected by Ladiges et al. 1958:163 [ref. 19181]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Mugil by Mugil robustus Günther 1861. •Synonym of Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892 -- (Thomson 1997:493 [ref. 23428], Britzke et al. 2019:397 [ref. 36980]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892. Mugilidae. Habitat: marine.

rodericensis, Mugil Günther [A.] 1876:397 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 17 (no. 101) (art. 43); ref. 2007] Fresh waters of Rodrigues Island, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1876.3.11.30 (1), 1876.3.11.11-14 (4). •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Thomson 1986:346 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1997:525 [ref. 23428], Fricke 1999:359 [ref. 24106], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

rossii, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1854:45 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 16938] Nova Selma, Cocos-Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): RMNH 1641. •Synonym of Liza vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Dor 1984:192 [ref. 29757], Thomson 1997:538 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

rubrioculus, Mugil Harrison [I. J.], Nirchio [M.], Oliveira [C.], Ron [E.] & Gaviria [J.] 2007:80, Figs. 2 (a-c), 3 (a, b, d) [Journal of Fish Biology v. 71 (suppl. A); ref. 29185] Macanao peninsula at Boca del Rio, 10°57'48"N, 64°10'42"W, Margarita Island, Venezuela. Holotype: AMNH 238167. Paratypes: AMNH 238168 (2), 238169 (3). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Mugil rubrioculus Harrison, Nirchio, Oliveira, Ron & Gaviria 2007 -- (Durand et al. 2012:692 [ref. 32366], Page et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:31 [ref. 33341], Menezes et al. 2015:29 [ref. 33678], Alvarez-Lajonchere & Alvarez-Lajonchere Ponce de León 2015:41 [ref. 34139], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Marceniuk et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35324], Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442], Neves et al. 2020:[6] 168 [ref. 38248], Caires in Marceniuk et al. 2021:274 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:200 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Mugil rubrioculus Harrison, Nirchio, Oliveira, Ron & Gaviria 2007. Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) south to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), including eastern Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

rueppellii, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:458 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Red Sea. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1945.10.29.57. Originally spelled rüppellii, corrected to rueppellii by Kullander 2016:95 [ref. 34436]. •Questionably a synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:191 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Liu & Shen 1991:278 [ref. 19215], Thomson 1997:509 [ref. 23428], Kwun & Myoung 2019:1948 [ref. 36732] as rüppellii). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ruthveni, Mugil Fowler [H. W.] 1918:3, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 70; ref. 1396] Philippines. Holotype (unique): ANSP 47478. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:128 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

saliens, Mugil Risso [A.] 1810:345 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Valid as Mugil saliens Risso 1810 -- (Berg 1949:999 [ref. 20662]). •Valid as Liza saliens (Risso 1810) -- (Trewavas 1973:572 [ref. 7201], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1201 [ref. 13677], Thomson 1986:348 [ref. 6215], Coad 1995:28 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:86 [ref. 25304], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:533 [ref. 23428], Arruda 1997:114 [ref. 24952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:748 [ref. 24702], Sokolov 1998:114 [ref. 23571], Koutrakis & Economidis 2000:299 [ref. 25056], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:107 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:145 [ref. 39343], Harrison 2003:36 [ref. 27341], Parin 2003:S16 [ref. 28536], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:173 [ref. 28183], Golani 2005:48 [ref. 37112], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:176 [ref. 28369], Fricke et al. 2007:67 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:467 [ref. 29996], Vasil'eva 2007:63 [ref. 30517], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:169 [ref. 31251], Esmaeili et al. 2010:374 [ref. 33391], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:52 [ref. 36649], Trape et al. 2012:127 [ref. 31792], Parin et al. 2014:191 [ref. 33547], Harrison 2016:2100 [ref. 34599], Ćaleta et al. 2019:185 [ref. 37026], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:98 [ref. 36864]). •Valid as Chelon saliens (Risso 1810) -- (Senou et al. 1996:75 [ref. 23193], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:892 [ref. 34062], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Barbieri et al. 2015:87 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:151 [ref. 35151], Durand 2016:29 [ref. 35589], Esmaeili et al. 2017:86 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:68 [ref. 36089], Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:203 [ref. 37250], Bariche & Fricke 2020:51 [ref. 37515], Çiçek et al. 2020:256 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:273 [ref. 37983], Kovačić et al. 2020:30 [ref. 37519], Kaya et al. 2020:328 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Abliazov et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38576], Bañón & Maño 2021:88 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:65 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:54 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:271 [ref. 39448] with question, Niță et al. 2022:52 [ref. 40471], Thieme et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39600], Çiçek et al. 2023:473 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:446 [ref. 40625], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:34 [ref. 40667], Saad et al. 2023:45 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747] as Chelonsaliens, Çiçek et al. 2024:364 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Chelon saliens (Risso 1810). Mugilidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Sea of Azov; eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay (Spain) south to Western Sahara, including Madeira; introduced in Caspian Sea area (Iran, Russia). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

saliens, Mugil Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:389 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. No types known. Also appeared in Devincenzi 1925:321, 315 [ref. 20322]; Devincenzi treated as a synonym of Mugil brasiliensis Spix & Agassiz 1829 [= Mugil brasiliensis Agassiz]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Mugil saliens Risso 1810. 1°Homonym. Mugilidae.

salvini, Agonostomus Regan [C. T.] 1907:66 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 19 (no. 109) (art. 6); ref. 15174] Río Nacasil, Guatemala. Syntypes: BMNH 1875.6.9.3-4 (3). •Synonym of Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Thomson 1997:465 [ref. 23428], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Current status: Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

schlegeli, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1863:92, Pl. 19 (fig. 1) [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 18 (1862); ref. 395] Ashantee, Guinea. Holotype (unique): RMNH 1647. Holotype figured by Boeseman 1963:Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [ref. 21734]. •Synonym of Liza grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1986:346 [ref. 6215], Thomson 1990:857 [ref. 19180], Thomson 1997:521 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Parachelon grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Parachelon grandisquamis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

sclateri, Myxus (Neomyxus) Steindachner [F.] 1878:384 [8] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 78 (1. Abth.); ref. 4226] Kingsmill Islands [= Gilbert Islands]; Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: (several) NMW 67168 (1), 77884 (1), 82505 (2). On p. 8 of separate. •Synonym of Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Thomson 1997:477 [ref. 23428], Mundy 2005:277 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2099 [ref. 24780], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589]). Current status: Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

seheli, Mugil crenilabis var. Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:73, xiv [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [Lohajæ] Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea; [no specific locality stated] Red Sea. Holotype (unique): ?ZMUC P71373 (dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:73 [ref. 9588]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:21 [ref. 30182]. Possible holotype figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:26, Pl. 37 [ref. 20847] as tade. Neotype, as BMNH 1969.2.8.2, designated by Thomson 1997:506 [ref. 23428] because of uncertainty of holotype. •Valid as Mugil seheli Forsskål 1775 -- (Walbaum 1792:227 [4572]). •Valid as Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:62 [ref. 19756], Dor 1984:193 [ref. 29757], Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:120 [ref. 6441], Smith & Smith 1986:719 [ref. 5717], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:463 [ref. 25598], Winterbottom et al. 1989:50 [ref. 13251] with question, Allen 1991:148 [ref. 21090], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:902 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:126 [ref. 23448], Francis 1993:164 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:52 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:204 [ref. 27969], Thomson 1997:505 [ref. 23428], Larson & Williams 1997:365 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:205 [ref. 23922], Keith et al. 1999:90 [ref. 24548], Harrison & Senou 1999:2107 [ref. 24780], Johnson 1999:742 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Myers & Donaldson 2003:614 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3327 [ref. 27945], Mundy 2005:279 [ref. 28/379], Hoese & Bray 2006:685 [ref. 29000], Larson et al. 2013:59 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Osteomugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Ali et al. 2018:341 [ref. 36183]). •Valid as Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Randall 1995:237 [ref. 22896], Myers 1999:71 [ref. 23965], Chang et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24091], Fricke 1999:360 [ref. 24106], Nakabo 2000:541 [ref. 25086], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:14 [ref. 25806], Sakai et al. 2001:104 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:541 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:44 [ref. 26830] with genus as Moolgardia, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S113 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:23 [ref. 27510], Randall 2005:77 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2009:30 [ref. 30213], Shibukawa 2009:44 [ref. 30449], Motomura et al. 2010:80 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:157 [ref. 31980], Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:36 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:296 [ref. 34104], Koeda et al. 2016:13 [ref. 35333], Shen & Durand 2016:79 [ref 35591], Durand & Whitfield 2016:109 [ref. 35590] with author as Forsskål 1775, Kwun et al. 2017:141 [ref. 37287], Fricke et al. 2018:95 [ref. 35805], Suresh et al. 2018:151 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:85 [ref. 37020], Psomadakis et al. 2020:520 [ref. 37272], Toyama et al. 2021:59 [ref. 38509]). •Valid as Moolgarda seheli (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:21 [ref. 30182], Hasan et al. 2020:138 [ref. 37945], Taki et al. 2021:315 [ref. 39830], Yoshigou 2022:14 [ref. 39640] as Moolgarda cf. seheli, Ghasamzadeh 2022:322 [ref. 39712], Furuhashi et al. 2023:21 [ref. 40140]). •Valid as Crenimugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:30 [ref. 35589], Arndt & Fricke 2019:21 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:65 [ref. 36871], Kim et al. 2020:77 [ref. 39118], Mochizuki et al. 2022:21 [ref. 39612], Zajonz et al. 2022:51 [ref. 40522], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455]). •Valid as Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775) -- (Hasan et al. 2023:2212 [ref. 40412]). Current status: Valid as Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Korea and Ibaraki Prefecture (Japan), south to Western Australia and Norfolk Island (Australia). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

septentrionalis, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:349 [5], Fig. [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 7 (no. 41) (art. 38); ref. 23431] British and Scandinavian coasts. Syntypes: (at least 8, plus parts) BMNH 1848.1.12.79 (1, stuffed), 1856.12.10.21 (1, left half skin), 1861.3.9.1 (4) London market; ZMB 8331 [ex BMNH] (1) England. On p. 5 of separate. Appeared first as above, then in Günther Dec. 1861:455, fig. [ref. 1964]. Based on specimens and on literature sources. •Synonym of Chelon labrosus (Risso 1827) -- (Trewavas 1973:569 [ref. 7201], Kottelat 1997:157 [ref. 22952], Thomson 1997:540 [ref. 23428], Harrison 2003:17 [ref. 27341], Fricke et al. 2007:66 [ref. 29533], Harrison 2016:2086 [ref. 34599]). Current status: Synonym of Chelon labrosus (Risso 1827). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

setosus, Mugil Gilbert [C. H.] 1892:549 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 14 (no. 880); ref. 1626] Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Islands, off western Mexico. Lectotype: USNM 46554. Paralectotypes: (many) CAS-SU 309 (5); USNM 48254 (1), 124990 (1), 445180 (3, ex USNM 46554). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:64 [ref. 12291], Britzke et al. 2019:397 [ref. 36980]. Lectotype designated by Britzke et al. 2019:397 [ref. 36980]. •Valid as Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892 -- (Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995:1298 [ref. 22830], Thomson 1997:493 [ref. 23428], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:180 [ref. 24550], Nelson et al. 2004:97 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:63 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:442 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Britzke et al. 2019:397 [ref. 36980], Angulo et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37425], Angulo 2021:11 [ref. 38913], Love et al. 2021:92 [ref. 39279], Angulo et al. 2023:67 [ref. 40676], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:172, Valenzuela et al. 2023:96 [ref. 40815]). Current status: Valid as Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892. Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Tumbes (northern Peru), including Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico) and Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

sinensis, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1872:143 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 431] China. No types known. Appeared as "Mugil sinensis Blkr = Mugil haematochilus Rich." Apparently a new name based on treatment as Mugil haematochilus of Richardson, not of Temminck & Schlegel 1845. •Synonym of Liza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Thomson 1997:523 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Liza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Harrison in Miller 2004:469 [ref. 27853]). •Synonym of Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

smithii, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:447, Fig. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] South Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1859.5.7.56 (dry). Additional material: BMNH 1848.2.1.6 (1). An unneeded replacement name for (and objective synonym of) Mugil macrolepis Smith 1846, not preoccupied by Mugil macrolepidotus Rüppell 1830 [different spelling] or Mugil macrolepis Bleeker 1852. The type is BMNH 1859.5.7.56 as this is a replacement name; Günther's description taken from, BMNH 1848.2.1.6. •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Smith & Smith 1986:716 [ref. 5717] as smithi, Thomson 1986:346 [ref. 6215], Liu & Shen 1991:276 [ref. 19215], Thomson 1997:525 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

smithii, Mugil Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:47 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Table Bay, South Africa, southeastern Atlantic. No types known. Proposed independently of Mugil smithii Günther 1861. Castelnau's name is based on Mugil capensis of Smith 1846, not capensis Valenciennes 1836. This names is in competition with Günther's smithii published on 14 Dec. 1861, date for Castelnau unknown to us. Both smithii names are apparently synonyms of macrolepis Smith 1846. •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Thomson 1997:525 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

soiuy, Mugil Basilewsky [S.] 1855:226, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Rivers in the vicinity of Tientsin, Beijing [Peking], China. Holotype or syntypes: ZIN 5901 (1). Originally as Mugil So-iuy, correction. Also seen as so-juy in literature. •Valid as Mugil soiuy Basilewsky 1855 -- (Berg 1949:996 [ref. 20662], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:748 [ref. 24702], Sokolov 1998:115 [ref. 23571], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:12 [ref. 24670], Koutrakis & Economidis 2000:299 [ref. 25056], Pietsch et al. 2001:144 [ref. 25688], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:108 [ref. 26753], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:176 [ref. 28369], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:169 [ref. 31251]). •Synonym of Liza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Thomson 1997:523 [ref. 23428]). •Valid as Liza soiuy (Basilewsky 1855) -- (Wang et al. 2001:205 [ref. 26566]). •Synonym of Chelon haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:347 [ref. 30085] as so-iuy). •Synonym of Liza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Parin 2003:418 [ref. 26975], Parin 2003:S16 [ref. 28536], Harrison in Miller 2004:469 [ref. 27853] as haematocheila, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:173 [ref. 28183], Fricke et al. 2007:67 [ref. 29533] as haematocheila, Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989], Parin et al. 2014:190 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2017:73 [ref. 35138]). •Synonym of Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

sordidus, Mugil Duncker [G.] & Mohr [E.] 1926:132, Fig. 6 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg. v. 42; ref. 15585] New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Lectotype: ZMH H158. Paralectotypes: ZMH H159 (1) H160 (1), H161 (3), H162 (2). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:405 [ref. 21161] as syntypes. Lectotype selected by Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181]. •Questionably a synonym of Valamugil speigleri (Bleeker 1858) -- (Thomson 1997:507 [ref. 23428]). • Questionably a synonym of Moolgarda speigleri (Bleeker 1858) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Osteomugil speigleri (Bleeker 1858). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

speigleri, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1858:279 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 16 (no. 2); ref. 13993] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 6395 (12). Bleeker specimens: AMS B.8041 (1), BMNH 1880.4.21.160-161 (2). Appeared without description in Bleeker 1858:386 [ref. 16959] and Bleeker 1858:2 [ref. 364]. •Valid as Valamugil speigleri (Bleeker 1858) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:903 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:126 [ref. 23448], Coad 1996:6 [ref. 23831], Thomson 1997:507 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2108 [ref. 24780], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:205 [ref. 27969], Hoese & Bray 2006:685 [ref. 29000], Suresh et al. 2018:155 [ref. 36495], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Hasan et al. 2020:136 [ref. 37945]). •Valid as Moolgarda speigleri (Bleeker 1858) -- (Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S113 [ref. 27377], Kottelat 2013:280 [32988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:296 [ref. 34104], Shen & Durand 2016:79 [ref 35591] as Bleeker 1858, Golani & Fricke 2018:119 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:86 [ref. 37020], Psomadakis et al. 2020:520 [ref. 37272]). •Valid as Osteomugil speigleri (Bleeker 1858) -- (Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Ali et al. 2018:342 [ref. 36183]). Current status: Valid as Osteomugil speigleri (Bleeker 1858). Mugilidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Pakistan east to New Guinea, north to Philippines. Habitat: brackish, marine.

splendens, Mugil De Vis [C. W.] 1885:871 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 4); ref. 1091] Cardwell, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.967. •Synonym of Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:506 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:685 [ref. 29000]). •Synonym of Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

splendens, Myxus Mohr [E.] 1927:188, Fig. 10 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 54; ref. 15800] Sinaloa, northwestern Mexico. Lectotype: ZMH H73. Paralectotypes: (14) ZMH H171 (1), ?ZMB 14064. Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:163 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:406 [ref. 21161] as syntypes. Lectotype selected by Ladiges et al. 1958:163 [ref. 19181]. Secondarily preoccupied in Mugil by Mugil splendens De Vis 1885. •Synonym of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 -- (Thomson 1997:487 [ref. 23428], Mirande & Koerber 2015:55 [ref. 35117]). •Synonym of Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892. 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

squamipinne, Agonostoma Mohr [E.] 1927:178, Fig. 1 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 54; ref. 15800] Ponce, Puerto Rico. Lectotype: ZMH H176. Paralectotypes: ZMH H177 (1), H178 (8). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:405 [ref. 21161] as syntypes. Lectotype selected by Ladiges et al. 1958:162 [ref. 19181]. •Synonym of Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft 1834) -- (Thomson 1997:465 [ref. 23428], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Current status: Synonym of Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

squamipinnis, Mugil Swainson [W.] 1839:234, 413 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Ganges, India. No types known. On p. 234 as squamipinnis and referring to appendix [p. 413]; as squamopennis on p. 413-414. Thompson apparently confused Swainson 1839 with a Swainson 1820 reference. Since squamipinnis dates to 1839, then the name for this species is Rhinomugil corsula Hamilton 1822. I. A. Harrison kindly examined Swainson 1820 and found no mention of squamipinnis. •Valid as Rhinomugil squamipinnis (Swainson 1839) -- (Thomson 1997:499 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton 1822). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

squamopennis, Mugil Swainson [W.] 1839:413 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] The Ganges. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Swainson states, "I have therefore considered it a new species, ..." Not Mugil squamipinnis. Mugilidae.

stevensi, Mugil Ogilby [J. D.] 1908:19 [Annals of the Queensland Museum No. 9 (pt 1); ref. 3285] Gold Island, Rockhampton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.774. •Synonym of Liza dussumieri (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Liu & Shen 1991:276 [ref. 19215]). •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:679 [ref. 29000], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

stipes, Joturus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:373 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 292); ref. 18347] Río Bayano, near Panama. Syntypes: AMS [ex USNM 19915] (1); USNM 19915 (1), 31010 (1, caudal missing). Type catalog: Smith 2018:72 [ref. 36061]. •Synonym of Joturus pichardi Poey 1860 -- (Thomson 1997:468 [ref. 23428], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:655 [ref. 27061], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35177]). Current status: Synonym of Joturus pichardi Poey 1860. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

strigatus, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:119 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Not available, name mentioned in passing in text; from South Seas. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

strongylocephalus, Mugil Richardson [J.] 1846:249 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Hong Kong. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1972.11.27.1. •Valid as Mugil strongylocephalus Richardson 1846 -- (Liang in Pan et al. 1991:347 [ref. 23876], Zhu 1995:166 [ref. 25213]). •Synonym of Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:501 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Valamugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2106 [ref. 24780]). •Synonym of Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: marine.

subviridis, Mugil Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:115 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Ganges River, Malabar, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-3649 (now 1) Mumbai, A-3650 (1) Ganges, A-3651 (1) Puducherry, 1990-0132 [ex MNHN A-3649] (1); ?ZMB [ex MNHN] 1834 (1) Mumbai. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:699 [ref. 21541]. •Valid as Chelon subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Randall 1995:236 [ref. 22896], Chang et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24091], Nakabo 2000:539 [ref. 25086], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:152 [ref. 27511], Nakabo 2002:539 [ref. 26001], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:22 [ref. 27510], Randall 2005:75 [ref. 28239], Shibukawa 2009:43 [ref. 30449], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Motomura et al. 2017:62 [ref. 35490], Psomadakis et al. 2020:517 [ref. 37272], Taki et al. 2021:313 [ref. 39830], Ghasamzadeh 2022:316 [ref. 39712]). •Valid as Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Dor 1984:191 [ref. 29757], Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:120 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:110 [ref. 25477], Liu & Shen 1991:276 [ref. 19215], Coad 1991:26 [ref. 15702], Allen 1991:146 [ref. 21090], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:894 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448], Goren & Dor 1994:51 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:199 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:176 [ref. 23977], Thomson 1997:533 [ref. 23428], Larson & Williams 1997:364 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:204 [ref. 23922], Harrison & Senou 1999:2093 [ref. 24780], Johnson 1999:742 [ref. 25471], Allen et al. 2000:117 [ref. 27467], Sakai et al. 2001:103 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Ataur Rahman 2003:301 [ref. 31338], Randall et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27624], Morgan et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27718], Larson & Pidgeon 2004:197 [ref. 28107], Hoese & Bray 2006:679 [ref. 29000], Allen et al. 2008:81 [ref. 30265], Coad 2010:237 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:374 [ref. 33391], Larson et al. 2013:57 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989], Morgan et al. 2014:33 [ref. 36567], Psomadakis et al. 2015:295 [ref. 34104], Shen & Durand 2016:78 [ref 35591], Durand & Whitfield 2016:110 [ref. 35590]). •Valid as Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:892 [ref. 34062], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Esmaeili et al. 2017:87 [ref. 35254], Ali et al. 2018:343 [ref. 36183], Esmaeili et al. 2018:69 [ref. 36089], Golani & Fricke 2018:119 [ref. 36273], Shibukawa in Kimura et al. 2018:223 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:148 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:87 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:65 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Hasan et al. 2020:142 [ref. 37945], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:278 [ref. 37983], Yoshigou 2022:16 [ref. 39640] as cf. subviridis, Zajonz et al. 2022:57 [ref. 40522], Çiçek et al. 2023:33 [ref. 40616], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455], Çiçek et al. 2024:370 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf and Socotra (Yemen) east to Philippines, Tonga and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

sundanensis, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1853:265 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 12580] Benculen [Bengkulu], Sumatra; Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: (8) RMNH 6387 (now 8), ?BMNH 1880.4.21.162-163 (2). •Synonym of Liza dussumieri (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Liu & Shen 1991:276 [ref. 19215]). •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2093 [ref. 24780], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

superficialis, Myxus Klunzinger [C. B.] 1870:831 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 20; ref. 2621] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: MCZ 3813 (2); SMF 1869 (2 or 3); SMNS 1743 or 1738 (3); ZIN 2640 (2, lost); ZMB 10511 (1), 7999 (3). Type catalog: Fricke 1992:13 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:49 [ref. 29864]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Dor 1984:192 [ref. 29757], Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989], Golani & Fricke 2018:119 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

suppositus, Mugil Günther [A.] 1861:437 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Penang River, Penang, Malaysia. Holotype: BMNH 1860.3.19.361 (stuffed). Based on literature source and one specimen. •Synonym of Valamugil seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Thomson 1997:506 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil seheli (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tade, Mugil crenilabis Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:74, xiv [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [No locality stated] Red Sea. No types known. Originally as tâde. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:20 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Liza tade (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:191 [ref. 29757], Allen & Coates 1990:92 [ref. 25561], Allen 1991:147 [ref. 21090], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:894 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448], Goren & Dor 1994:51 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:200 [ref. 27969], Thomson 1997:535 [ref. 23428], Mishra et al. 1999:87 [ref. 25315], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:187 [ref. 25703], Khan 2003:10 [ref. 27710], Hoese & Bray 2006:680 [ref. 29000], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989], Shen & Durand 2016:78 for [ref 35591]). •Synonym of Liza planiceps (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2091 [ref. 24780], Allen et al. 2008:80 [ref. 30265]). •Synonym of Chelon planiceps (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:321 [ref. 28867], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242]). •Valid as Chelon tade (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:20 [ref. 30182], Ghasamzadeh 2022:316 [ref. 39712]). •Valid as Chelon tade (Forsskål 1775) -- (Psomadakis et al. 2015:294 [ref. 34104]). •Valid as Planiliza tade (Forsskål 1775) -- (Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:34 [ref. 35589], Golani & Fricke 2018:119 [ref. 36273]). •Valid as Planiliza tade (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Valid as Planiliza tade (Fabricius 1775). Mugilidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Somalia east to Mariana Islands and New Caledonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tadopsis, Mugil Ogilby [J. D.] 1908:27 [Annals of the Queensland Museum No. 9 (pt 1); ref. 3285] Brisbane market, Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: (3) QM I.1570 (1). •Synonym of Liza dussumieri (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Liu & Shen 1991:276 [ref. 19215]). •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:679 [ref. 29000], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tang, Mugil Bloch [M. E.] 1794:171, Pl. 395 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 8; ref. 463] Red Sea. Lectotype: ZMB 1785. Paralectotypes: ZMB (1, missing). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:102 [ref. 24282]. On p. 134 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 11 [ref. 21381]. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:102 [ref. 24282]. •Status uncertain -- (Trewavas 1973:567 [ref. 7201], Thomson 1997:545 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Okada 1961:628 [ref. 6363], Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tasmanicus, Agonostoma Castelnau [F. L.] 1872:142 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] Port Arthur, Tasmania, Australia. no type known. In combination with text on p. 141, this is a replacement name for Dajaus diemensis Richardson 1840. Perhaps a simple mistake for Agonostoma diemensis? •Synonym of Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:472 [ref. 23428], Hoese & Bray 2006:676 [ref. 29000]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tearlachi, Mugil Curtiss [A.] 1938:47 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. •Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Fowler 1949:71 [ref. 1462], Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tegobuan, Mugil Montrouzier [X.] 1857:462 [184] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 184 of reprint. •Synonym of Liza vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Dor 1984:192 [ref. 29757], Thomson 1997:538 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tehu, Mugil Curtiss [A.] 1938:46 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. Also appeared in Curtiss 1944:4 [ref. 12574]. •Synonym but status uncertain -- (Thomson 1997:545 [ref. 23428]). •Questionably a synonym of Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Kottelat 2013:279 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae.

telfairii, Agonostomus Bennett [E. T.] 1832:166 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 4944] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1861.8.14.9. •Valid as Agonostomus telfairii Bennett 1832 -- (Thomson 1986:344 [ref. 6215], Poll & Gosse 1995:107 [ref. 24781], Reinthal & Stiassny 1997:354 [ref. 22780], Thomson 1997:467 [ref. 23428], Fricke 1999:357 [ref. 24106], Keith et al. 1999:84 [ref. 24548], Stiassny & Harrison 2000:148 [ref. 25252], Fricke et al. 2009:29 [ref. 30213], Durand et al. 2012:690 [ref. 32366], Durand 2016:28 [ref. 35589], Fricke et al. 2018:93 [ref. 35805], Arndt & Fricke 2019:21 [ref. 36883], Ghasamzadeh 2022:310 [ref. 39712]). Current status: Valid as Agonostomus telfairii Bennett 1832. Mugilidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar; Réunion and Mauritius (western Mascarenes). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

thoburni, Mugil Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] in Jordan & Evermann 1896:812 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2443] Galápagos Islands. Lectotype: USNM 47576 [ex CAS-SU 1607]. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 1607 (now 1), ZMB 15441 [ex SU] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:64 [ref. 12291]. Also described as new in Gilbert 1897:440 [ref. 1629] where lectotype was established by use of "type". •Valid as Xenomugil thoburni (Jordan & Starks 1896) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:194 [ref. 22193], Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995:1298 [ref. 22830], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:464 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:198 [ref. 24555], Nelson et al. 2004:97 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:442 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], González-Murcia et al. 2019:294 [ref. 36544]). •Valid as Mugil thoburni Jordan & Starks 1896 -- (Thomson 1997:493 [ref. 23428], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:180 [ref. 24550], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Durand et al. 2012:694 [ref. 32366], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442]). Current status: Valid as Mugil thoburni Jordan & Starks 1896. Mugilidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

tincoides, Myxus Mohr [E.] 1927:186, Fig. 8 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 54; ref. 15800] Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, U.S.A. Lectotype: ZMH H72. Paralectotypes: ZMH H172 (1). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:163 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:406 [ref. 21161] as syntypes. Lectotype selected by Ladiges et al. 1958:163 [ref. 19181]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). •Possibly a synonym of Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836 -- (see Menezes et al. 2010:66 [ref. 30860]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tongae, Mugil Günther [A.] 1880:58 [Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873-1876 v. 1 (pt 6); ref. 2011] Tongatabu, Tonga Islands, Polynesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1879.4.14.497. Also published as new in Günther 1881:217 [ref. 14286]. •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:485 [ref. 23428], Whitfield et al. 2012:xx [ref. 32710], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tranquebar, Mugil Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:385, 388 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Attributed to Bloch, but without description; not available; from Tranquebar [Tharangambadi, Tamil Nadu State, India, Indian Ocean]. Nomen Nudum. Mugilidae.

trichilus, Mugil Vaillant [L. L.] & Sauvage [H.-E.] 1875:281 [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 3) v. 3; ref. 17853] Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-8073 (3), 0000-8074 (3), A-0467 (2). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:699-700 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Thomson 1997:477 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989] with question). •Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758, but available as a Hawaiian subspecies if needed -- (Randall 2007:135 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

trichodon, Mugil Poey [F.] 1875:66, Pl. 8 (figs. 4-8) [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 11 (nos 3-4) (art. 6); ref. 18564] Cuba. No types known. Type catalog: Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35177]. •Valid as Mugil trichodon Poey 1875 -- (Cervigón 1992:363 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:384 [ref. 24474], Thomson 1997:494 [ref. 23428], González Bencomo et al. 1997:159 [ref. 24960], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:880 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:185 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:163 [ref. 25013], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Harrison 2003:1085 [ref. 27016], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:65 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:14 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:97 [ref. 27807], Harrison et al. 2007:92 [ref. 29185], Durand et al. 2012:692 [ref. 32366], Page et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:31 [ref. 33341], Menezes et al. 2015:31 [ref. 33678], Alvarez-Lajonchere & Alvarez-Lajonchere Ponce de León 2015:48 [ref. 34139], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35177], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Neves et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37442], Angulo et al. 2023:68 [ref. 40676]). Current status: Valid as Mugil trichodon Poey 1875. Mugilidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tricuspidens, Mugil Smith [J. L. B.] 1935:618, Fig. 10; Pls. 17-18 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 30 (pt 5); ref. 15739] Knysna, Cape Province, South Africa. Syntypes and additional material (16): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 89 (1), USNM 93651 (1). •Valid as Liza tricuspidens (Smith 1935) -- (Smith & Smith 1986:717 [ref. 5717], Thomson 1997:537 [ref. 23428], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:366 [ref. 28072], Trape et al. 2012:127 [ref. 31792], Harrison 2016:2102 [ref. 34599], Durand & Whitfield 2016:106 [ref. 35590] with author as Smith 1935). •Valid as Chelon tricuspidens (Smith 1935) -- (Senou et al. 1996:75 [ref. 23193], Durand et al. 2012:692 [ref. 32366], Durand & Borsa 2015:268 [ref. 34115], Durand 2016:29 [ref. 35589], Ghasamzadeh 2022:317 [ref. 39712], Thieme et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39600]). Current status: Valid as Chelon tricuspidens (Smith 1935). Mugilidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic, southwestern Indian Ocean: Angola south to Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), then north to southern Mozambique. Habitat: brackish, marine.

trimaculatus, Myxus Klunzinger [C. B.] 1870:832 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 20; ref. 2621] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMNS 1749 (2), ZIN 2603 (2), ZMB 8000 (4). Type catalog: Fricke 1992:14 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:61 [ref. 29864]. •Probably a young Mugil -- (Dor 1984:193 [ref. 29757]). •See Goren & Dor 1994:52 [ref. 25356]. •Questionably a synonym of Valamugil speigleri (Bleeker 1858) -- (Thomson 1997:507 [ref. 23428]). •Status uncertain -- (Thomson 1997:545 [ref. 23428]). •Questionably a synonym of Moolgarda speigleri (Bleeker 1858) -- (Kottelat 2013:280 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Moolgarda speigleri (Bleeker 1858) -- (Golani & Fricke 2018:119 [ref. 36273]). •Synonym of Osteomugil speigleri (Bleeker 1858). Current status: Synonym of Osteomugil speigleri (Bleeker 1858). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

troschelii, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1858:277 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 16 (no. 2); ref. 13993] Syntypes and/or Bleeker specimens: AMS B.8007 [from Day] (1), RMNH 6402 (2) Sumatra, Borneo. •Synonym of Liza macrolepis (Smith 1846) -- (Dor 1984:191 [ref. 29757], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:891 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448], Thomson 1997:524 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2088 [ref. 24780] as troscheli, Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

vaigiensis, Mugil Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:337, Pl. 59 (fig. 2) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Waigiou [Pulau Waigeo, Papua Barat Province, Indonesia, western Pacific]. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-3641. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:700 [ref. 21541]. Species as waigiensis is an unjustified emendation. •Valid as Liza vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Dor 1984:192 [ref. 29757], Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:120 [ref. 6441], Smith & Smith 1986:717 [ref. 5717], Allen & Swainston 1988:110 [ref. 25477], Allen 1991:147 [ref. 21090], Randall et al. 1990:290 [ref. 15987], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:895 [ref. 20764], Coad 1991:26 [ref. 15702], Kottelat et al. 1993:125 [ref. 23448], Goren & Dor 1994:51 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:201 [ref. 27969], Chen et al. 1997:17 [ref. 22882], Allen 1997:176 [ref. 23977], Thomson 1997:537 [ref. 23428], Larson & Williams 1997:364 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:204 [ref. 23922], Fricke 1999:359 [ref. 24106], Harrison & Senou 1999:2094 [ref. 24780], Sakai et al. 2001:104 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Keith et al. 2002:108 [ref. 31473], Allen & Adrim 2003:44 [ref. 26830], Lobel & Lobel 2004:68 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:367 [ref. 28072], Mundy 2005:278 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Bray 2006:680 [ref. 29000], Allen et al. 2008:82 [ref. 30265], Fricke et al. 2009:29 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:79 [ref. 31256], Esmaeili et al. 2010:374 [ref. 33391], Larson et al. 2013:57 [ref. 32998]). •Valid as Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Randall 1995:236 [ref. 22896], Randall et al. 1997:290 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:70 [ref. 23965], Chang et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24091], Nakabo 2000:538 [ref. 25086], Senou in Randall & Lim 2000:625 [ref. 25122], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:103 [ref. 26368], Nakabo 2002:538 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S113 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:614 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:22 [ref. 27510], Tan & Lim 2004:110 [ref. 27716], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:76 [ref. 28239], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:321 [ref. 28867], Shibukawa 2009:43 [ref. 30449], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:157 [ref. 31980], Hata et al. 2012:74 [ref. 32405], Kottelat 2013:275 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:56 [ref. 34464], Fricke et al. 2014:36 [ref. 33932], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:892 [ref. 34062], Psomadakis et al. 2015:295 [ref. 34104], Koeda et al. 2016:13 [ref. 35333], Durand 2016:31 [ref. 35589], Shen & Durand 2016:76 [ref. 35571] with authoship as Quoy & Gaimard, Durand & Whitfield 2016:107 [ref. 35590] with author as Quoy & Gaimard 1825, Esmaeili et al. 2017:87 [ref. 35254], Steinke et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35255] with remarks, Ali et al. 2018:341 [ref. 36183], Esmaeili et al. 2018:68 [ref. 36089], Fricke et al. 2018:93 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:118 [ref. 36273], Jawad et al. 2018:118 [ref. 36262], Shibukawa in Kimura et al. 2018:223 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:85 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:76 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:65 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Hasan et al. 2020:135 [ref. 37945], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:273 [ref. 37983], Kim et al. 2020:77 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:518 [ref. 37272], Yamakawa et al. 2020:72 [ref. 40470], Akash et al. 2021:7 [ref. 38095], Taki et al. 2021:312 [ref. 39830], Ghasamzadeh 2022:318 [ref. 39712], Zajonz et al. 2022:52 [ref. 40522], Yoshigou 2022:12 [ref. 39640], Alavi-Yeganeh et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40409], Hasan et al. 2023:2212 [ref. 40412], Jamandre 2023:171 [ref. 40455], Çiçek et al. 2024:365 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: northern Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to Marshall Islands, Gambier Islands and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to Sagami Bay (Japan), south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

valenciennesii, Mugil Bleeker [P.] 1858:277 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 16 (no. 2); ref. 13993] East Indies. Syntypes: RMNH 6389 (3). •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ventricosus, Mugil Castelnau [F. L.] 1875:32 [Official Record, containing Introduction, Catalogues, Official Awards of the Commissioners, Report and Recommendations of the Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria.; ref. 768] Nicol Bay, Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. Syntypes: MNHN A-3725 (3). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:700 [ref. 21541]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Mugil ventricosus Richardson 1846. •Synonym of Myxus elongatus Günther 1861 -- (Thomson 1997:475 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Liza vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:680 [ref. 29000]). •Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ventricosus, Mugil Richardson [J.] 1846:249 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, Chinese Sea. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:215, Pl. 24a [ref. 11606]). •Synonym of Liza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Thomson 1997:534 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:277 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

verselata, Mugil Nardo [G. D.] (ex Chiereghini) 1847:col. 127 [Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell' opera intitolata: ...; ref. 17994] Not available, Chiereghini name mentioned in synonymy. •In the synonymy of Liza saliens (Risso 1810) -- (Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952]). •In the synonymy of Chelon saliens (Risso 1810). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Chelon saliens (Risso 1810). Mugilidae.

vulpinus, Mugil Nardo [G. D.] (ex Chiereghini) 1847:col. 127 [Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell' opera intitolata: ...; ref. 17994] Not available, Chiereghini name mentioned in synonymy. •In the synonymy of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:158 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

xanthurus, Mugil Richardson [J.] 1846:248 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. No types known. Originally as Mugil (vel Cestraeus?) xanthurus. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:215, Pl. 24b [ref. 11606]). •Synonym of Liza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Thomson 1997:523 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Liza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Harrison in Miller 2004:469 [ref. 27853], Kottelat 2013:276 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

xinguensis, Mugil Steindachner [F.] 1907:489 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 44 (no. 27) (for 19 Dec. 1907); ref. 18798] Providència, Rio Xingu, Brazil. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Mugil incilis Hancock 1830 -- (Thomson 1997:491 [ref. 23428], Menezes et al. 2015:24 [ref. 33678]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil incilis Hancock 1830. Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

zarudnyi, Mugil (Liza) abu Berg [L. S.] 1949:852, Figs. 73-75 [Trudy Instituta Zoologii/ Akademiia Nauk SSSR v. 8 (no. 4); ref. 12936] Upper part of Karun River, southwestern Iran. Syntypes: ZIN 24336 (5). •Synonym of Liza abu (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1995:28 [ref. 23608], Thomson 1997:513 [ref. 23428], Esmaeili et al. 2010:374 [ref. 33391] with question). •Synonym of Planiliza abu (Heckel 1843) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:892 [ref. 34062] with question, Esmaeili et al. 2018:69 [ref. 36089] with question). Current status: Synonym of Planiliza abu (Heckel 1843). Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.