Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Plectorhinchus: [ 96 ] records

abumgaterin, Sciaena Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:51, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [No locality stated] Red Sea. Syntypes: ZMUC P48216 (1, dry skin), P48217 (1, dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:65 [ref. 9588], Fricke 2008:36 [ref. 30182]. Originally as abu-mgaterin. Same as Sciaena gaterina minor Forsskål 1775. Has been listed as mgaterin by authors. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:36 [ref. 30182]. •Synonym of Plectorhynchus [sic] gaterinus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:149 [ref. 29757], Smith & McKay 1986:566 [ref. 5716]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:36 [ref. 30182]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Fabricius 1775). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

affine, Diagramma Günther [A.] 1859:319 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 1; ref. 1961] Indo-west Pacific. Syntypes: (orig. 8) BMNH 1846.11.22.217 (1), 1848.3.16.147 (1), 1848.3.18.166 (1), 1855.9.19.442 (1), 1855.9.19.1448 (1), 1858.4.21.455 (1) Ambon I, 1858.4.21.463 (1), one "deformed" missing. Also listed was Plate XIX, fig. A, but on preface p. vi it is stated, "The Plates referred to, and executed by Mr. Ford, will be published as a separate volume." •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Parenti 2019:181 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

albovittatum, Diagramma Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:125, Pl. 31 (fig. 2) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Holotype: SMF 1228. Additional material: SMF 3105 (1, dry). See Fricke 1999:285 [ref. 24106]. •Synonym of Plectorhynchus diagramma (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Dor 1984:148 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell 1838) -- (Senou 1991:2 [ref. 24601], Randall et al. 1997:194 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:150 [ref. 23965], Nakabo 2000:845 [ref. 25086], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:262 [ref. 25191], Randall & Johnson 2000:479 [ref. 25807], McKay 2001:2970 [ref. 26103], Arayama 2002:2 [ref. 26180], Nakabo 2002:845 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:40 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:627 [ref. 27495] dated 1835, Peristiwady et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:96 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:17 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:266 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1220 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:472 [ref. 31980], Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015:495 [ref. 33883], Fricke et al. 2018:206 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:96 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:163 [ref. 36673], Parenti 2019:178 [ref. 37021], Psomadakis et al. 2020:467 [ref. 37272], Heemstra 2022:270 [ref. 39773], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell 1838). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Maldives east to Sri Lanka and India; Bali and eastern Kalimantan (Indonesia) east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

alta, Diagramma Day [F.] 1870:514 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 (pt 3) (art. 7) (for 11 Nov. 1869); ref. 18819] No locality; additional material from Akyab [Sittwe]. Syntypes: ZSI A.57 (2). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:160 [ref. 23762]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Parenti 2019:181 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

aurantius, Lutjanus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:193, 239 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Japan. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1981:34 [ref. 21549]. New name for and objective synonym of Anthias orientalis Bloch 1793. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

baileyi, Gaterin Smith [J. L. B.] 1953:158, Pl. 7 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 6 (no. 62) (art. 13); ref. 12717] Malindi, Kenya, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 10. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 524 (1). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus paulayi Steindachner 1895 -- (Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus paulayi Steindachner 1895. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

batata, Gaterin Smith [J. L. B.] 1952:713 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 5 (no. 55) (art. 75); ref. 4085] East Africa. Syntypes: (several) SAIAB [formerly RUSI]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus playfairi (Pellegrin 1914) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:567 [ref. 5716], Parenti 2019:183 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:275 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus playfairi (Pellegrin 1914). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleonothus, Plectorhinchus Johnson [J. W.] & Worthington Wilmer [J.] 2015:498, Figs. 2-5 [Zootaxa 3985 (no. 4); ref. 33883] Boyd Bay, SW of Weipa, Queensland, Australia, 12°54.9'S, 141°38.6'E, depth 0.5-3 meters. Holotype: QM I.39243. Paratypes: AMS, BPBM, CSIRO, QM, NTM, WAM. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Plectorhinchus caeruleonothus Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015 -- (Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Parenti 2019:178 [ref. 37021], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus caeruleonothus Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: Western Australia; Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

celebicus, Plectorhynchus Bleeker [P.] 1873:285 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 17084] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 834 (1), 5656 (1). Original genus should have been Plectorhinchus. •Valid as Plectorhynchus celebicus Bleeker 1873 -- (Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:172 [ref. 6441]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus celebicus Bleeker 1873 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:82 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:191 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1997:180 [ref. 25488]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia (Bleeker 1855) -- (McKay 2001:2972 [ref. 26103], Allen et al. 2006:1220 [ref. 29090], Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia (Bleeker 1855). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

ceylonensis, Gaterin Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:99, Pl. 1 (fig. B) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 9 (no. 98) (Art. 14); ref. 12226] Sri Lanka. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 440 (found in 2012). •Valid as Plectorhinchus ceylonensis (Smith 1956) -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:472 [ref. 31980], Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015:517 [ref. 33883], Parenti 2019:178 [ref. 37021], Psomadakis et al. 2020:467 [ref. 37272], Heemstra 2022:271 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus ceylonensis (Smith 1956). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Andaman Islands. Habitat: marine.

chaetodonoides, Lutjanus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:195, 240, 243 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Unknown locality. MNHN 0000-7805. By mistake; introduced a second time by Lacepede (see Kottelat (2013:247)). Junior secondary homonym and junior objective synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801. •In the synonymy of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801 -- (Kottelat 2013:347 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

chaetodonoides, Plectorhinchus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:134, 135 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] No locality stated [probably Indonesia]. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7805. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:38 [ref. 21546]. Description based exclusively on holotype which was donated to MNHN from the Netherlands. Name originally spelled chaetodonoïdes. Illustrated on Pl. 13 (fig. 2) of v. 2, 1800 [ref. 2709], but with vernacular name. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:151, 152 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473] with spelling chaetonoïdes on p. 151, chaetodonoïdes on p. 152. The spelling chaetodontoides Bleeker 1875:17 [ref. 4862] is an unjustified emendation. •Valid as Plectorhynchus chaetodontoides [sic] Lacepède 1801 -- (Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:172 [ref. 6441], Allen 1997:128 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:103 [ref. 26476] as chaetodonoides dated 1800). •Valid as Plectorinchus chaetodontoides [sic] Lacepède 1801 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:82 [ref. 25477]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801 -- (Randall et al. 1990:192 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1997:180 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:192 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:150 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:286 [ref. 24106], Nakabo 2000:843 [ref. 25086], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:263 [ref. 25191], Satapoomin & Randall 2000:15 [ref. 25341], Allen 2000:103 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:101 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:263 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:34 [ref. 25847], McKay 2001:2971 [ref. 26103], Nakabo 2002:843 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:40 [ref. 26830], Peristiwady et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:96 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:17 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:121 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:267 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1220 [ref. 29090], Motomura in Motomura et al. 2009:153 [ref. 31130], Motomura et al. 2010:122 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:473 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:347 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33932], Motomura et al. 2017:143 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2019:163 [ref. 36673], Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021], Fujiwara et al. 2020:33 [ref. 38631], Psomadakis et al. 2020:467 [ref. 37272], Heemstra 2022:271 [ref. 39773], Sandra et al. 2022:[3] [ref. 39181], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Comoros, Mascarenes (Mauritius) and Maldives east to Philippines, Fiji, Tonga and Rapa, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Western Australia, southern Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

chrysotaenia, Diagramma Bleeker [P.] 1855:303 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 16847] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 5655. Original as chrijsotaenia, the Dutch ij equivalent to y in Latin. •Valid as Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia (Bleeker 1855) -- (Allen 1997:128 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:191 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:150 [ref. 23965], Nakabo 2000:844 [ref. 25086], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], McKay 2001:2972 [ref. 26103], Nakabo 2002:844 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:40 [ref. 26830], Adrim et al. 2004:121 [ref. 27715], Allen et al. 2006:1220 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:122 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:473 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32988], Motomura et al. 2017:143 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2019:163 [ref. 36673], Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia (Bleeker 1855). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Malaysia and western Indonesia east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Solomon Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia). Habitat: marine.

chubbi, Diagramma Regan [C. T.] 1919:199, Fig. 2 [Annals of the Durban Museum v. 2 (pt 4) (art. 18); ref. 15230] Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1919.4.1.14. •Valid as Plectorhinchus chubbi (Regan 1919) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:565 [ref. 5716], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:190 [ref. 28072], Allen et al. 2006:1221 [ref. 29090], Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015:495 [ref. 33883], Fricke et al. 2018:206 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36871] as cf. chubbi, Heemstra 2022:272 [ref. 39773], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus chubbi (Regan 1919). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa and Madagascar east to western Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

cinctum, Diagramma Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1843:61, Pl. 26 (fig. 1) [Fauna Japonica Parts 2-4; ref. 4371] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D311 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: ?BMNH (1); RMNH D309-310 (2, stuffed), D313 (1, stuffed), 822 (1); ZMB 8120 [ex RMNH] (1, stuffed). Type catalog: Paepke 2001:330 [ref. 25566]. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:67 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Plectorhinchus cinctus (Temminck & Schlegel 1843) -- (Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:172 [ref. 6441], Kimura 1985:345 [ref. 6262], Randall 1995:210 [ref. 22896], Chen et al. 1997:104 [ref. 26476] as Plectorhynchus, Cheng & Zhou 1997:307 [ref. 26385], Nakabo 2000:843 [ref. 25086], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Satapoomin & Randall 2000:15 [ref. 25341], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:130 [ref. 25480], Shimizu 2001:30 [ref. 25799], Nakabo 2002:843 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:340 [ref. 26218] as Plectorhynchus, Matsunuma et al. 2009:58 [ref. 30884], Motomura et al. 2010:122 [ref. 31256], Hata et al. 2012:23 [ref. 32412], Eagderi et al. 2019:68 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 24 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:133 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:70 [ref. 37637], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus cinctus (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Vietnam, north to southern Korea and southern Japan. IUCN (2020): not assessed. Habitat: marine.

citronellus, Gaterin Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:101, Pl. I (fig. C) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 9 (no. 98) (Art. 14); ref. 12226] Delagoa Bay, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 9. Paratypes: not researched. New name for Diagramma reticulatum Günther 1859. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:566 [ref. 5716], Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:272 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

crassilabre, Diagramma Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:271, Pl. 5 (fig. 5) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Hall Sound, Central Province, Papua New Guinea. Syntypes (2): AMS I.16334-001 [ex MAMU F546] (1). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:207 [ref. 19518]. Possibly an unused synonym of Diagramma labiosum Macleay 1883; in that case treated as a nomen oblitum. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Parenti 2019:181 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

crassispinum, Diagramma Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:125, Pl. 30 (fig. 4) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMF 978 (1), 3033 (1, dry). •Synonym of Plectorhynchus [sic] nigrus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Dor 1984:150 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus nigrus (Cuvier 1830). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Golani & Fricke 2018:97 [ref. 36273], Parenti 2019:181 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cuvier, Bodian Bennett [J. W.] 1829:unnum. p., Pl. 13 [A selection from the most remarkable and interesting fishes found on the coast of Ceylon First Edition; ref. 16785] South coast of Sri Lanka. No types known. The original genus should have been Bodianus. Bodian cuvieri in Bennett 1841 [ref. 21457] is an incorrect subsequent spelling (Eschmeyer & Pethiyagoda 1996:143 [ref. 22472]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus orientalis (Bloch 1793) [sometimes as Plectorhynchus] (Senou & Shimada 1991:5 [ref. 24307], Pethiyagoda et al. 1994:43 [ref. 21456]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Randall & Johnson 2000:479 [ref. 25807], Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:276 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

diagramma, Perca Linnaeus [C.] 1758:293 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Locality unknown. No types known. •Valid as Plectorhynchus diagramma (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Dor 1984:148 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus diagrammus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:172 [ref. 6441] , Randall et al. 1990:192 [ref. 15987], Chen et al. 1997:104 [ref. 26476] as Plectorhynchus, Johnson 1999:736 [ref. 25471], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus diagrammus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Andaman Islands (India) east to Philippines, north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

doanei, Plectorhynchus Seale [A.] 1910:511 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Sitanki Island, Jolo Archipelago, Philippines. Holotype: BSMP 4760 (apparently destroyed). Paratypes: BSMP 1695 (1, apparently destroyed). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801 -- (Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

durbanense, Diagramma Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1908:155 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 6 (pt 2); ref. 14320] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAM 10383 (missing in 1996). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus schotaf (Forsskål 1775) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:567 [ref. 5716], Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus schotaf (Walbaum 1792) -- (Heemstra 2022:276 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus schotaf (Walbaum 1792). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

erythrostoma, Diagramma Bliss [R.] 1883:47 [Transactions of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius (N. S.) v. 13; ref. 16966] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MCZ 5989 (7); USNM 120405 [ex MCZ 5989] (1), 153627 [ex MCZ 5989] (1). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus sordidus (Klunzinger 1870) -- (Fricke 1999:289 [ref. 24106], Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus sordidus (Klunzinger 1870). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

faetela, Sciaena gaterina var. Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:51, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] No locality stated (Red Sea, probably Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). No types known. Type catalog: Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:36 [ref. 30182]. Nomen oblitum (Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]). •Status uncertain -- (Dor 1984:150 [ref. 29757]). •See Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356]. •Incertae sedis in Haemulidae -- (Parenti 2019:186 [ref. 37021]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus schotaf (Walbaum 1792) -- (Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus schotaf (Walbaum 1792). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

fangi, Plectorhinchus Whitley [G. P.] 1951:66 [Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales v. for 1949-50; ref. 4711] Foochow, Fukien, China. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1941-0151. Replacement name for Plectorhinchus cinctus punctatus Fang 1942, secondarily preoccupied in Plectorhinchus by Diagramma punctatus Cuvier 1830. •Valid as Plectorhinchus fangi Whitley 1951 -- (Mohsin & Ambak 1996:353 [ref. 27969]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese 1936) -- (McKay 2001:2978 [ref. 26103], Parenti 2019:183 [ref. 37021]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese 1936). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

flavomaculatum, Diagramma Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] (ex Ehrenberg) 1830:127 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El-Tor, Sinai coast, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, ca. 28°14'N, 33°36'E. No types known. •Incertae sedis in Haemulidae -- (Parenti 2019:185 [ref. 37021] as fulromaculatum). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

flavomaculatum, Diagramma Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:304 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Suez, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Syntypes: ZMB 1003 (1) Red Sea. •Valid as Plectorhynchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:172 [ref. 6441], Dor 1984:149 [ref. 29757], Chen et al. 1997:104 [ref. 26476]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:566 [ref. 5716], Allen & Swainston 1988:82 [ref. 25477], Allen & Swainston 1988:158 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:193 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:189 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:209 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:250 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:193 [ref. 25919], Fricke 1999:286 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:736 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:844 [ref. 25086] with author as Ehrenberg, Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:263 [ref. 25191], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:235 [ref. 27511] with author as Ehrenberg, Hutchins 2001:263 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:34 [ref. 25847], McKay 2001:2973 [ref. 26103], Nakabo 2002:844 [ref. 26001] with author as Ehrenberg, Allen & Adrim 2003:40 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:201 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:268 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1221 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:122 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:474 [ref. 31980], Hata et al. 2012:24 [ref. 32412], Larson et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33932], Jawad et al. 2014:21 [ref. 33531], Psomadakis et al. 2015:254 [ref. 34104], Fricke et al. 2018:206 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:97 [ref. 36273], Jawad et al. 2018:109 [ref. 36262], Eagderi et al. 2019:68 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:164 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:468 [ref. 37272], Heemstra 2022:272 [ref. 39773], Zajonz et al. 2022:168 [ref. 40522], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426], Damadi et al. 2024:[3] [ref. 40918]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to Geographe Bay (Western Australia) and Sydney (New South Wales, Australia). Habitat: marine.

gaterina, Sciaena Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:50, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Lectotype: ZMUC P48212 (dry skin). Paralectotypes: ZMUC P48213 (dry skin, head missing). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:65 [ref. 9588], Fricke 2008:36 [ref. 30182]. Types figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 18 [ref. 20847]. Lectotype selected by Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:20 [ref. 20847]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:36 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Plectorhynchus gaterinus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:149 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:566 [ref. 5716], Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:209 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:177 [ref. 23922], Fricke 1999:287 [ref. 24106], Satapoomin & Randall 2000:15 [ref. 25341], Randall & Johnson 2000:479 [ref. 25807], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Fricke et al. 2009:64 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2013:260 [ref. 32706], Jawad et al. 2014:21 [ref. 33531], Psomadakis et al. 2015:254 [ref. 34104], Fricke et al. 2018:206 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:97 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:18 [ref. 36883], Eagderi et al. 2019:68 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36871], Zajonz et al. 2022:169 [ref. 40522]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:36 [ref. 30182], Kovačić et al. 2021:68 [ref. 39014], Heemstra 2022:272 [ref. 39773], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426], Damadi et al. 2024:[3] [ref. 40918]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Fabricius 1775). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius); now extinct in La Réunion. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gaterinoides, Gaterin Smith [J. L. B.] 1962:496, Pl. 72 (fig. E-E') [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 25; ref. 6442] Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype: MNHN 0000-7812 [not 7813]. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:35 [ref. 21546]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Senou & Shimada 1991:3 [ref. 24307], Randall & Johnson 2000:477 [ref. 25807], Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gibbosus, Diagramma Hombron [J. B.] & Jacquinot [H.] in Jacquinot & Guichenot 1853:46, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Voyage au Pôle Sud et dans l'Oceanie v. 3 (pt 2); ref. 18307] Samoa. Perhaps not the same as Holocentrus gibbosus Lacepède 1801 which had an Atlantic type locality (Suriname) that is regarded as in error. At present, gibbosus Hombron & Jacquinot 1853 is a secondary homonym of guttatus Lacepède 1802; we suggest continuing with authorship as Lacepède. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Peristiwady et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:96 [ref. 27510], Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:181 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gibbosus, Holocentrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:344, 389 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] No locality stated [Suriname, but regarded as incorrect, is probably Indonesia]. Surviving syntype: MNHN A-7825 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:37 [ref. 21546] as holotype. Lacepède mentions several specimens from RMNH collection. Most current authors treat the Indo-Pacific species as Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802), with an Indo-Pacific unknown locality. See also Diagramma gibbosus Hombron & Jacquinot. •Valid as Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:566 [ref. 5716], Allen & Swainston 1988:82 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:193 [ref. 15987], Kottelat et al. 1993:115 [ref. 23448], Kuiter 1993:188 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:209 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:354 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:128 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:360 [ref. 23967], Kuiter 1997:178 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:193 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:150 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:287 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:736 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:844 [ref. 25086], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:263 [ref. 25191], Satapoomin & Randall 2000:15 [ref. 25341], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:130 [ref. 25480], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:236 [ref. 27511], Sakai et al. 2001:100 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:263 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:34 [ref. 25847], McKay 2001:2974 [ref. 26103], Nakabo 2002:844 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:40 [ref. 26830], Randall 2005:268 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1221 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2009:65 [ref. 30213], Matsunuma et al. 2009:58 [ref. 30884], Motomura in Motomura et al. 2009:153 [ref. 31130], Motomura et al. 2010:123 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:474 [ref. 31980], Hata et al. 2012:24 [ref. 32412], Larson et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:347 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:142 [ref. 34464], Fricke et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33932], Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015:495 [ref. 33883], Psomadakis et al. 2015:254 [ref. 34104], Koeda et al. 2016:44 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:143 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:207 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:97 [ref. 36273], Jawad et al. 2018:110 [ref. 36262], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2018:164 [ref. 36460], Alavi-Yeganeh & Khajevi 2019:272 [ref. 39496], Arndt & Fricke 2019:18 [ref. 36883], Eagderi et al. 2019:68 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:164 [ref. 36673], Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:468 [ref. 37272], Heemstra 2022:273 [ref. 39773], Zajonz et al. 2022:170 [ref. 40522], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426], Damadi et al. 2024:[3] [ref. 40918]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Caroline Islands (Micronesia) and Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and Norfolk Island (Australia). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

giganteum, Diagramma Günther [A.] 1879:136 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 4 (no. 20); ref. 18237] Ponape, Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1879.5.22.107. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell 1838) -- (McKay 2001:2970 [ref. 26103], Randall 2005:266 [ref. 28239], Parenti 2019:178 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell 1838). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

goldmanni, Diagramma Bleeker [P.] 1853:602 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 337] Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ?BMNH 1880.4.21.36. •Valid as Plectorhynchus goldmanni (Bleeker 1853) -- (Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:172 [ref. 6441], Chen et al. 1997:105 [ref. 26476]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus goldmanni (Bleeker 1853) -- (Randall et al. 1990:193 [ref. 15987], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:354 [ref. 27969]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Senou & Shimada 1991:3 [ref. 24307], Randall & Johnson 2000:478 [ref. 25807], McKay 2001:2976 [ref. 26103], Randall 2005:269 [ref. 28239], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:335 [ref. 28867], Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

griseum, Diagramma Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:306 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Malabar, western India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-7807(2), 0000-7808 (1), B-2952 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:34 [ref. 21546]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus schotaf (Forsskål 1775) -- (Roux 1986:328 [ref. 6209]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus griseus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015:491 [ref. 33883], Fricke et al. 2018:207 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:181 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:273 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus griseus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South Africa, East Africa, Seychelles and Madagascar east to India. Habitat: brackish, marine.

guntheri, Pseudohelotes Guimarães [A. R. P.] (ex Capello) 1882:222 [Jornal do Sciências Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa v. 8 (no. 31) (1881); ref. 1953] Setubal, Portugal. Holotype (unique): Apparently destroyed. Originally as Pseudo-helotes guntheri. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus mediterraneus (Guichenot 1850) -- (Roux 1973:395 [ref. 7200], Roux 1990:785 [ref. 18781], Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus mediterraneus (Guichenot 1850). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

haematochir, Diagramma Bleeker [P.] 1854:175 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 16925] Radja bao, Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Senou & Shimada 1991:3 [ref. 24307], Randall & Johnson 2000:478 [ref. 25807], Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

harrawayi, Gaterin (Leitectus) Smith [J. L. B.] 1952:712, Pl. 26 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 5 (no. 55) (art. 75); ref. 4085] Ibo Island, East Africa, western Indian Ocean, depth about 4 fathoms. No types know (based on a photo). •Valid as Plectorhynchus harrawayi (Smith 1952) -- (Dor 1984:149 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus obscurum (Günther 1871) -- (Randall et al. 1990:194 [ref. 15987]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus harrawayi (Smith 1952) -- (Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell 1838) -- (McKay 2001:2970 [ref. 26103], Randall 2005:266 [ref. 28239], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:334 [ref. 28867], Parenti 2019:178 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:270 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell 1838). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

jayakari, Diagramma Boulenger [G. A.] 1888:656 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (pt 4); ref. 14479] Muscat, Oman, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1887.11.11.90. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:272 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

kumut, Diagramma Montrouzier [X.] 1857:436 [158] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, Papua New Guinea. No types known. On p. 158 of reprint. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus schotaf (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus schotaf (Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus schotaf (Walbaum 1792). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lessonii, Diagramma Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:313 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Waigeo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): not at MNHN. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:46 [ref. 21546]. Based on a drawing. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Plectorhinchus lessonii (Cuvier 1830) -- (Senou & Shimada 1991:2 [ref. 24307], Allen 1997:126 [ref. 23977] as lessoni, Kuiter 1997:180 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:192 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:150 [ref. 23965], Johnson 1999:736 [ref. 25471] as lessoni, Nakabo 2000:846 [ref. 25086], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:264 [ref. 25191], Randall & Johnson 2000:479 [ref. 25807], Allen 2000:103 [ref. 25868], McKay 2001:2975 [ref. 26103], Nakabo 2002:845 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:40 [ref. 26830] as lessoni, Myers & Donaldson 2003:627 [ref. 27495] as lessoni, Peristiwady et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:97 [ref. 27510], Adrim et al. 2004:121 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:269 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1221 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:123 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:475 [ref. 31980], Hata et al. 2012:25 [ref. 32412], Koeda et al. 2016:44 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:6 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2019:164 [ref. 36673], Parenti 2019:181 [ref. 37021], Wada et al. 2021:41 [ref. 38521], Fujiwara et al. 2022:91 [ref. 39094], Heemstra 2022:274 [ref. 39773], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus lessonii (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Amami Islands (southern Japan) and Ogasawara islands, south to East Indies to Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

leucurum, Pristipoma Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:488 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Seychelles. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7695. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:41 [ref. 21546]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Kottelat 2013:347 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2018:207 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:181 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lineata, Perca Linnaeus [C.] 1758:293 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] No locality stated. Holotype (unique): NRM LP 8. Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:245-246 [ref. 20707]. •Valid as Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758) [sometimes as Plectorhynchus] -- (Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:172 [ref. 6441], Senou & Shimada 1991:3 [ref. 24307], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:355 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:126 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:105 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:182 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:193 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:151 [ref. 23965], Nakabo 2000:845 [ref. 25086], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:265 [ref. 25191], Randall & Johnson 2000:477 [ref. 25807], Allen 2000:103 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:263 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:34 [ref. 25847], McKay 2001:2976 [ref. 26103], Nakabo 2002:845 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:40 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:627 [ref. 27495], Peristiwady et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:97 [ref. 27510], Randall 2005:269 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1222 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:475 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:44 [ref. 35333], Koeda & Ho 2018:248 [ref. 36176], Fricke et al. 2019:164 [ref. 36673], Parenti 2019:181 [ref. 37021], Psomadakis et al. 2020:468 [ref. 37272], Kim et al. 2021:166 [ref. 39117], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Myanmar and Indonesia east to Philippines and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to New Caledonia and Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia). Habitat: brackish, marine.

lineatum, Diagramma Cuvier [G.] 1829:177 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Plectorhinchus by Perca lineata Linnaeus 1758. Available from footnote 1: "Diagr. lineatum Nob., ou perca diagramma, Lin., Seb., III, xxvii, 18. ou Anthias diagramma, Bl., 320." See also Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:309 [ref. 999]. Predated by Diagramma lineatum Cuvier in Guérin-Méneville 1827-31, Pl. 27 [ref. 29508]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus diagrammus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus diagrammus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

lineatum, Diagramma Cuvier [G.] in Guérin-Méneville 1828:no page number, Livraison 13 [Planches de Seba v. 3; ref. 29508] No types known. Text applies to Pl. 27 (no. 18) published in 1827. Predates Diagramma lineatum Cuvier 1829. See Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:398, 399 [ref. 29507]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus diagrammus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:398, 399 [ref. 29507], Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus diagrammus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

macrolepis, Diagramma Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:50, Pl. 26 [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 3); ref. 548] Manyanga, lower Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 89. •Valid as Plectorhinchus macrolepis (Boulenger 1899) -- (Roux 1986:327 [ref. 6209], Roux 1990:785 [ref. 18781], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:695 [ref. 21590], Poll & Gosse 1995:121 [ref. 24781], Afonso et al. 1999:85 [ref. 25466], Snoeks & Vreven 2007:427 [ref. 30079], Wirtz et al. 2007:34 [ref. 30263], Félix et al. 2016:D [4] [ref. 34346], Carpenter & Johnson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2559 [ref. 34618], Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021], Reiner 2019:211 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:279 [ref. 39448], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus macrolepis (Boulenger 1899). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macrospilus, Plectorhinchus Satapoomin [U.] & Randall [J. E.] 2000:11, Figs. 1-5 [Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin No. 63; ref. 25341] Miang Island, 8°34'N, 97°38'E, western side of bay, Similan Islands, southwestern Thailand, Andaman Sea. Holotype: BPBM 22847. Paratypes: PMBC 17226 (1). •Valid as Plectorhinchus macrospilus Satapoomin & Randall 2000 -- (Satapoomin in Motomura et al. 2009:154 [ref. 31130], Allen & Erdmann 2012:476 [ref. 31980], Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021], Psomadakis et al. 2020:469 [ref. 37272], Habib et al. 2021:302 [ref. 38630], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus macrospilus Satapoomin & Randall 2000. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Northeastern Indian Ocean: Bangladesh, Myanmar, Andaman Sea and west coast of Thailand. Habitat: marine.

maculatus, Chaetodon Scopoli [J. A.] (ex Seba) 1788:44, Pl. XXII (fig. 1) [Deliciae florae et faunae Insubricae; ref. 18712] No types known. Not used as valid after 1899; therefore reversal of precedence in favor of Chaetodon maculatus Bloch 1795 is followed (Art. 23.9). •Unused senior synonym of Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier 1828) -- (Parenti 2019:183 [ref. 37021]). •In the synonymy of Plectorhinchus pica (Cuvier 1828). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus pica (Cuvier 1828). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

maculatus, Diagramma Fourmanoir [P.] 1957:97, Fig. 72 [Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar. Série F. Océanographie v. 1; ref. 11992] Hellville [Nosy Bé], Madagascar. Holotype (unique): IRSMNB (lost). Species probably should have been maculatum. The genus Diagramma is neuter, however Gramma and other fish genera ending in -gramma are feminine (based on the Greek word for line). Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Plectorhinchus by Chaetodon maculatus Scopoli 1788 and Hapalogenys maculatus Richardson 1846. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Fricke et al. 2018:206 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:272 [ref. 39773]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

maculatus, Hapalogenys Richardson [J.] 1846:235 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China, China Sea. Holotype (unique): BMNH (lost). Type information: Whitehead 1970:215 [ref. 11606]. •Placement uncertain, description highy suggestive of Plectorhinchus cinctus (Temminck & Schlegel 1843) -- (Iwatsuki & Russell 2006:43 [ref. 28928], Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Uncertain as Plectorhinchus cinctus (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

makranensis, Plectorhinchus Damadi [E.], Moghaddam [F. Y.], Ghassemzadeh [F.] & Ghanbarifardi [M.] 2020:146, Figs. 3-4 [ZooKeys No. 980; ref. 37867] Beris coast, Gulf of Oman, Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, Iran, 24°36'14"N, 61°45'77"E, depth 15 meters. Holotype: ZMFUM HA-56. Paratypes: (15) ZMFUM. •Valid as Plectorhinchus makranensis Damadi, Moghaddam, Ghassemzadeh & Ghanbarifardi 2020 -- (Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426], Damadi et al. 2024:[7] [ref. 40918]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus makranensis Damadi, Moghaddam, Ghassemzadeh & Ghanbarifardi 2020. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf.

maxima, Sciaena Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:318 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated [Red Sea, probably Jeddah, Saudi Arabia]. No types known. Type catalog: Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]. Unneeded replacement name for Sciaena gaterina faetela Fabricius 1775. Type locality according to Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]. •Incertae sedis in Haemulidae -- (Parenti 2019:186 [ref. 37021]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus schotaf (Walbaum 1792) -- (Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus schotaf (Walbaum 1792). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

mediterraneum, Diagramma Guichenot [A.] 1850:45, Pl. 3 [Histoire naturelle des reptiles et poissons; ref. 1940] Algeria, western Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7806. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:34 [ref. 21546]. •Valid as Plectorhinchus mediterraneus (Guichenot 1850) -- (Roux 1973:394 [ref. 7200], Ben-Tuvia & McKay in Whitehead et al. 1986:861 [ref. 13676], Roux 1990:785 [ref. 18781], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:x [ref. 21953], Lipej et al. 1996:805 [ref. 38279], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:177 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:146 [ref. 39343], Snoeks & Vreven 2007:425 [ref. 30079] with author as Quichenot, Lipej & Dulčić 2010:46 [ref. 36649], Carpenter & Johnson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2560 [ref. 34618], Carneiro et al. 2019:262 [ref. 37250], Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021], Reiner 2019:211 [ref. 38139], Kovačić et al. 2020:37 [ref. 37519], Kovačić et al. 2021:68 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:279 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus mediterraneus (Guichenot 1850). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Western Mediterranean Sea: east to Adriatic Sea; eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Namibia, including Madeira (Portugal), and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

minor, Sciaena gaterina var. Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:59, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] No locality stated [Red Sea]. Syntypes: ZMUC P48216 (1, dry skin), P48217 (1, dry skin). Type catalog: Fricke 2008:36 [ref. 30182]. Same as Sciaena abumgaterin Fabricius 1775. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:36 [ref. 30182]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:36 [ref. 30182]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Fabricius 1775). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae.

montrouzieri, Diagramma Thiollière [V. J. de l'I.] in Montrouzier 1857:434 [156] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 156 of reprint. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801 -- (Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

multivittatum, Diagramma Macleay [W.] 1878:349, Pl. 7 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 17573] Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Syntypes: AMS I.16333-001 [ex MAMU F545] (2). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:207 [ref. 19518]. •Valid as Plectorhinchus multivittatum (Macleay 1878) -- (Allen 1997:128 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:360 [ref. 23967], Hutchins 2001:34 [ref. 25847]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus multivittatus (Macleay 1878) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:82 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1997:517 [ref. 25919], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:263 [ref. 25841], McKay 2001:2977 [ref. 26103], Allen et al. 2006:1222 [ref. 29090], Larson et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32988], Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus multivittatus (Macleay 1878). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Western Australia, Northern Territory (Australia); South China Sea. Habitat: marine.

mylostomus, Sparus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:41, 131 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Praslin, Seychelles. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Daget 1972:89 [ref. 20898]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Fabricius 1775). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

nigrum, Pristipoma Cuvier [G.] (ex Mertens) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:258 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Manila, Philippines. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:48 [ref. 21546]. Based on a drawing. •Valid as Plectorhynchus [sic] nigrus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:172 [ref. 6441], Dor 1984:150 [ref. 29757], Chen et al. 1997:105 [ref. 26476] as niger). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802) [sometimes as Plectorhynchus] -- (Bauchot et al. 1983:48 [ref. 21546], Randall 1995:209 [ref. 22896], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:131 [ref. 25480], McKay 2001:2974 [ref. 26103], Randall 2005:268 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1221 [ref. 29090]. Kottelat 2013:347 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2018:207 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:181 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

nitidum, Diagramma Günther [A.] 1859:335 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 1; ref. 1961] Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1847.7.21.52. Also listed was Plate XIX. fig. B, but on preface p. vi it is stated, "The Plates referred to, and executed by Mr. Ford, will be published as a separate volume." •Incertae sedis in Haemulidae -- (Allen et al. 2006:1224 [ref. 29090]). •Questionable synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

obscurum, Diagramma Günther [A.] 1872:657, Pl. 58 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3) (art. 1) (for 21 Nov. 1871); ref. 1997] Fiji Islands. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1871.9.13.120. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell 1838) -- (McKay 2001:2970 [ref. 26103], Allen et al. 2006:1220 [ref. 29090], Randall 2005:266 [ref. 28239]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus obscurum (Günther 1872) [probably should be obscurus] -- (Randall et al. 1990:194 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:126 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:178 [ref. 25488] as obscurus, Fricke et al. 2013:260 [ref. 32706]). •See Fricke 1999:285 [ref. 24106]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell 1838) -- (Parenti 2019:178 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:270 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell 1838). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

obscurus, Diagramma Fourmanoir [P.] 1957:97, Fig. 73 [Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar. Série F. Océanographie v. 1; ref. 11992] Hellville [Nosy Bé], Madagascar. Holotype (unique): IRSMNB (lost). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Diagramma obscurum Günther 1872. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell 1838) -- (Parenti 2019:178 [ref. 37021]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell 1838). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

obscurus, Pseudopristipoma Fourmanoir [P.] 1957:100 [Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar. Série F. Océanographie v. 1; ref. 11992] Nosy Bé, off northwestern Madagascar, and Vohémar, eastern Madagascar. Syntypes: IRSMNB (2) (lost). Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Plectorhinchus by Diagramma obscurum Günther 1872. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Fricke et al. 2018:207 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:181 [ref. 37021]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ordinalis, Plectorhynchus Scott [T. D.] 1959:79, Fig. 3 [Transactions Royal Society of South Australia v. 82; ref. 12026] Shark Bay, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): SAMA F3006. Type catalog: Glover 1976:172 [ref. 19449]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus multivittatus (Macleay 1878) -- (Allen et al. 2006:1222 [ref. 29090], Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus multivittatus (Macleay 1878). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

orientalis, Anthias Bloch [M. E.] 1793:10, Pl. 326 (fig. 3) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] Japan. Syntypes: ZMB 8718 (1, dry). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:85 [ref. 24282]. On p. 8 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Plectorhinchus orientalis (Bloch 1793) -- (Winterbottom et al. 1989:38 [ref. 13251], Senou & Shimada 1991:5 [ref. 24307], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:282 [ref. 24014], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:355 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:126 [ref. 23977], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:846 [ref. 25086], Hutchins 2001:263 [ref. 25841], Nakabo 2002:846 [ref. 26001], Peristiwady et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:97 [ref. 27510], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Satapoomin & Randall 2000:15 [ref. 25341], Randall & Johnson 2000:478 [ref. 25807], Allen 2000:103 [ref. 25868], McKay 2001:2982 [ref. 26103], Randall 2005:271 [ref. 28239], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:335 [ref. 28867], Allen et al. 2006:1223 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:123 [ref. 31256], Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:276 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

ornatum, Diagramma Kossmann [R.] & Räuber [H.] 1877:387, Pl. 3 (fig. 3) [Verhandlungen des Naturhistorisch-Medizinischen Vereins zu Heidelberg. v. 1; ref. 18432] Red Sea. Syntypes: (2) SMF 14332 (1) El Tûr, ZMB 9845 (1). Also appeared in Kossmann & Räuber 1877:10, Pisces Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [ref. 14246]. •Synonym of Plectorhynchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Dor 1984:149 [ref. 29757], Golani & Fricke 2018:97 [ref. 36273], Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:272 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

ouan, Diagramma Montrouzier [X.] 1857:435 [157] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 157 of reprint. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus polytaenia (Bleeker 1853) -- (Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus polytaenia (Bleeker 1853). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

papuense, Diagramma Macleay [W.] 1882:237 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 2); ref. 17584] New Guinea. Syntypes: AMS I.16332-001 [ex MAMU F535] (4). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:207 [ref. 19518]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801 -- (Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

pardalis, Diagramma Cuvier [G.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:300 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH D314 (dry). Additional material: RMNH 66 (skeleton). Type catalog: Bauchot, et al. 1983:46 [ref. 21546]. Kottelat (2013:347) treats the skeleton as a syntype. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801 -- (Kottelat 2013:347 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:271 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

paulayi, Plectorhynchus Steindachner [F.] 1895:180 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 18) (for 11 July 1895); ref. 14587] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): NMW 34565. Original genus should have been Plectorhinchus. •Valid as Plectorhinchus paulayi Steindachner 1895 -- (Fricke 1999:288 [ref. 24106], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Fricke et al. 2018:207 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:274 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus paulayi Steindachner 1895. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Kenya east to Aldabra (Seychelles), Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius). Habitat: marine.

pentagramma, Lutjanus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:176, 205 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] America. Holotype: NRM 8. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1981:38 [ref. 21549]. Unneeded new name for Peca lineata Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

pica, Diagramma Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:297 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Indian Ocean; Tahiti, Society Islands. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-6465 (1) Indian Ocean. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:34 [ref. 21546] with a holotype. Reference in table of contents to Pl. 124 is apparently in error. Pl. 124 identified as Diagramma orientale. Based on literature and specimen. Predated by Diagramma pica Cuvier in Guérin-Méneville 1828, Pl. 26 (no. 31) [ref. 29508]. Species epithet is a noun in apposition. •Valid as Plectorhynchus [sic] picus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:172 [ref. 6441], Chen et al. 1997:106 [ref. 26476]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Kuiter 1993:190 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:356 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:126 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:178 [ref. 25488], Myers 1999:151 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:288 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:736 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:845 [ref. 25086] with author as Valenciennes, Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:264 [ref. 25191], McKay 2001:2979 [ref. 26103], Nakabo 2002:845 [ref. 26001] with author as Valenciennes, Allen & Adrim 2003:40 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:627 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:17 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:270 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1222 [ref. 29090], Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:397 [ref. 29507], Heemstra 2022:274 [ref. 39773]). •Synonym of and predated by Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier 1828) -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:401 [ref. 29507], Parenti 2019:183 [ref. 37021]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus pica (Cuvier 1828). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus pica (Cuvier 1828). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

pica, Diagramma Cuvier [G.] in Guérin-Méneville 1828:no page number, Livraison 13 [Planches de Seba v. 3; ref. 29508] No locality stated [Indian Ocean; Tahiti, Society Islands]. No types known. Syntypes: ?MNHN 0000-6465 (1) Indian Ocean. Text applies to Pl. 26 (no. 32) published in 1827. Predates Diagramma pica Cuvier 1830. See Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:399, 400 [ref. 29507]. Species epithet is a noun in apposition. •Synonym of [but predates] Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:399 [ref. 29507]). •A valid species as Plectorhinchus picus or a senior synonym of a well established species (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:399 [ref. 29507]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier 1828) -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:401 [ref. 29507], Fricke et al. 2009:65 [ref. 30213], Caratini & Soriano 2011:34 [ref. 39915], Hata et al. 2012:26 [ref. 32412], Fricke et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33932], Motomura et al. 2015:24 [ref. 34709], Koeda et al. 2016:45 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:6 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:207 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:164 [ref. 36673], Parenti 2019:183 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:469 [ref. 37272], Wada et al. 2021:42 [ref. 38521], Zajonz et al. 2022:172 [ref. 40522], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus pica (Cuvier 1828). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus pica (Cuvier 1828). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and eastern Mascarenes (Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to Amami Islands (southern Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Lord Howe Island (Australia), New Caledonia and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

picoides, Diagramma Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1866:94 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1866; ref. 25130] Ostindien (Indonesia). Holotype: ZMB 1020 (dry). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier 1828) -- (Parenti 2019:183 [ref. 37021]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus pica (Cuvier 1828). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus pica (Cuvier 1828). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

pictus, Hapalogenys Tortonese [E.] 1936:1, Pl. 1 [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino. (Ser. 3) v. 45 (1935-36) (no. 67); ref. 10280] Bender Abbas, Hormuz Strait, Iran. Holotype (unique): MZUT 2722. Type catalog: Tortonese 1940:143 [ref. 21559]. Secondarily preoccupied in Plectorhinchus by Perca picta Thunberg 1792. Replaced by Plectorhinchus fangi Whitley 1951 when Perca picta Thunberg 1792 is classified in genus Plectorhinchus. •Valid as Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese 1936) -- (Randall 1995:210 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:177 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:106 [ref. 26476] as Plectorhynchus, Randall et al. 1997:194 [ref. 25919], Satapoomin & Randall 2000:15 [ref. 25341], McKay 2001:2978 [ref. 26103], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Motomura et al. 2010:123 [ref. 31256] with author as Cuvier 1828, Allen & Erdmann 2012:476 [ref. 31980] with author as Cuvier, Jawad et al. 2014:21 [ref. 33531], Psomadakis et al. 2015:255 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:327 [ref. 36183], Jawad et al. 2018:110 [ref. 36262], Eagderi et al. 2019:69 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36871], Heemstra 2022:274 [ref. 39773], Zajonz et al. 2022:171 [ref. 40522], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426], Damadi et al. 2024:[7] [ref. 40918]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese 1936). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Micronesia and Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

plagiodesmus, Plectorhinchus Fowler [H. W.] 1935:387, Fig. 20 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 87; ref. 1421] St. Lucie estuary, North Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: ANSP 25868. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:148 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Plectorhinchus plagiodesmus Fowler 1935 -- (Smith & McKay 1986:567 [ref. 5716], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015:495 [ref. 33883], Fricke et al. 2018:208 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:183 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:275 [ref. 39773], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus plagiodesmus Fowler 1935. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and East Africa east to Aldabra (Seychelles) and Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

playfairi, Diagramma griseum var. Pellegrin [J.] 1914:233 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 39 (no. 5); ref. 14168] Mahambo, Madagascar. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1914-0012. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:34 [ref. 21546], Fricke et al. 2018:208 [ref. 35805]. New name for Diagramma griseum b. of Playfair & Günther 1867:26, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [ref. 3490]. •Valid as Plectorhinchus playfairi (Pellegrin 1914) [sometimes as Plectorhynchus] -- (Dor 1984:150 [ref. 29757], Smith & McKay 1986:567 [ref. 5716], Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:210 [ref. 22896], Fricke 1999:288 [ref. 24106], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:189 [ref. 28072], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:73 [ref. 35264], Jawad et al. 2014:21 [ref. 33531], Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015:495 [ref. 33883], Psomadakis et al. 2015:255 [ref. 34104], Fricke et al. 2018:208 [ref. 35805], Eagderi et al. 2019:69 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:183 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36871], Heemstra 2022:275 [ref. 39773], Zajonz et al. 2022:173 [ref. 40522], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus playfairi (Pellegrin 1914). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Gulf of Aden, southern Oman and Persian Gulf to Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius). Habitat: marine.

plectorhinchus, Chaetodon Shaw [G.] 1803:356, Pl. 49 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] No locality. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7805. Unneeded new name for and objective synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801 -- (Kottelat 2013:347 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède 1801. Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

polytaenia, Diagramma Bleeker [P.] 1853:755 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 335] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1880.4.21.47-48 (2). Original as polijtaenia. •Valid as Plectorhinchus polytaenia (Bleeker 1853) -- (Mohsin & Ambak 1996:356 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:128 [ref. 23977], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:34 [ref. 25847], Peristiwady et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:98 [ref. 27510], Larson et al.2013:138 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Plectorinchus polytaenia (Bleeker 1853) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:82 [ref. 25477], Kuiter 1997:180 [ref. 25488], Randall & Johnson 2000:480 [ref. 25807], Allen 2000:103 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:101 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:263 [ref. 25841], McKay 2001:2980 [ref. 26103], Allen & Adrim 2003:40 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Allen et al. 2006:1222 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:477 [ref. 31980], Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015:518 [ref. 33883], Koeda & Ho 2018:245 [ref. 36176], Fricke et al. 2019:164 [ref. 36673], Parenti 2019:183 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:275 [ref. 39773], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus polytaenia (Bleeker 1853). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: west coast of India; Malaysia and Indonesia east to Philippines, New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Solomon Islands, north to Taiwan, south to northern Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

polytaenioides, Diagramma Bleeker [P.] 1854:377 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 13963] Lawajong, Solor Island, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Original as polytaenioïdes. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus polytaenia (Bleeker 1853) -- (Parenti 2019:183 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus polytaenia (Bleeker 1853). Haemulidae. Habitat: marine.

punctatissimum, Diagramma Playfair [R. L.] 1868:851, Pl. 40 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 3) (art. 6) (for 14 Nov. 1867); ref. 14049] Seychelles. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.8.16.42. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier 1828) -- (McKay 2001:2979 [ref. 26103], Parenti 2019:179 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:274 [ref. 39773]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus pica (Cuvier 1828). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus pica (Cuvier 1828). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

punctatus, Plectorhinchus cinctus Fang [P.-W.] 1942:81 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 67 (no. 3); ref. 13123] Foochow, Fukien, China. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1941-0151. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:38 [ref. 21546]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Plectorhinchus by Diagramma punctatum Cuvier 1830, replaced by Plectorhinchus fangi Whitley 1951. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese 1936) -- (McKay 2001:2978 [ref. 26103] as Plectorhinchus fangi, Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese 1936). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

radja, Diagramma Bleeker [P.] 1854:336 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 5117] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1880.4.21.44 (1), NMV 45960 (1). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Senou & Shimada 1991:3 [ref. 24307], Randall & Johnson 2000:478 [ref. 25807], Parenti 2019:182 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

rayi, Gaterin Menon [A. G. K.] & Talwar [P. K.] 1972:659, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 69 (pt 3, art. 13) (for 1972); ref. 7630] Aberdeen Bay, Port Blair, Andaman Islands. Holotype (unique): ZSI F6279/2. See Das 2003:372 [ref. 27706] with date as 1973. •Incertae sedis in Plectorhinchus -- (Parenti 2019:185 [ref. 37021]). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

reticulatum, Diagramma Günther [A.] 1859:334 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 1; ref. 1961] China. Syntypes: (stuffed) BMNH 1851.12.27.371 (1), 2004.11.24.1 (1) •Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830) -- (McKay 2001:2973 [ref. 26103], Fricke et al. 2018:206 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:272 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

roughleyi, Plectorhinchus Whitley [G. P.] 1930:118 [Australian Zoologist v. 6 (pt 2); ref. 4669] Northern New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: AMS I.13731. Based on specimens of Plectorhinchus reticulatus described and illustrated in McCulloch 1916:185, Pl. 53 [ref. 4953]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Allen et al. 2006:1221 [ref. 29090], Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

saidae, Plectorhynchus Steindachner [F.] 1895:181 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 18) (for 11 July 1895); ref. 14587] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): NMW. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:272 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

schotaf, Sciaena Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Forsskål) 1792:315 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] [No locality stated] Red Sea. Lectotype: ZMUC P48214 (dry skin). Paralectotype: ZMUC P48215 (1, dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:65 [ref. 9588] with ZMUC P48214 as holotype, Fricke 2008:36 [ref. 30182]. Lectotype selected in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:20 [ref. 20847], figured in Pl. 19. Based on the unavailable name Sciaena gaterina schotaf of Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775:xii, 51 [ref. 1351] (see Fricke 2008: 36 [ref. 30182]). Species epithet misspelled shotaf by Cuvier 1831:130 [ref. 30376]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]. Nomen protectum (Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]). •Valid as Plectorhynchus schotaf (Forsskål 1775) -- (Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:172 [ref. 6441], Dor 1984:150 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus schotaf (Forsskål 1775) -- (Roux 1986:328 [ref. 6209], Smith & McKay 1986:567 [ref. 5716], Allen & Swainston 1988:82 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:195 [ref. 15987], Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:210 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:128 [ref. 23977], Johnson 1999:736 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:844 [ref. 25086], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:237 [ref. 27511] dated 1778, McKay 2001:2981 [ref. 26103], Nakabo 2002:844 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Allen et al. 2006:1223 [ref. 29090], Larson et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32988], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:424 [ref. 33460], Jawad et al. 2014:21 [ref. 33531], Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015:509 [ref. 33883], Psomadakis et al. 2015:255 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:327 [ref. 36183], Golani & Fricke 2018:97 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:69 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36871], Damadi et al. 2020:150 [ref. 37867], Zajonz et al. 2022:174 [ref. 40522]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus schotaf (Walbaum 1792) -- (Fricke 2008:36 [ref. 30182], Heemstra 2022:276 [ref. 39773], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426], Damadi et al. 2024:[7] [ref. 40918]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus schotaf (Walbaum 1792). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf and Socotra (Yemen) east to west coast of India. Habitat: brackish, marine.

sebae, Diagramma Bleeker [P.] 1849:24 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 23 (no. 5); ref. 16906] Jakarta, Java; Banda Neira, Banda Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: SMNS 24573 [ex 760 pv] (1, not found, probably lost). Type catalog: Fricke 1991:15 [ref. 13474], Fricke 2005:42 [ref. 29864]. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus orientalis (Bloch 1793) -- (Senou & Shimada 1991:5 [ref. 24307]). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Randall & Johnson 2000:479 [ref. 25807], Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

sibbaldi, Diagramma Bennett [E. T.] 1833:182 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1832 (pt 2); ref. 16789] Sri Lanka. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.12.26.517. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae. Habitat: marine.

sinensis, Plectorhynchus Zhu [Y.-D.], Wu [H.-L.] & Jin [X.-P.] 1977:313 (English p. 316), Fig. 1 [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 23 (no. 3); ref. 7298] Quanzhou, Fujian, China. Holotype: Amoy Fish. Coll. AO 14046. Paratypes: Amoy Fish. Coll. AO 12419 (1), 57-2020 (1), 57-2402 (1), uncat. (1). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese 1936) -- (McKay 2001:2978 [ref. 26103], Parenti 2019:183 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese 1936). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

sivalingami, Gaterin Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:97, Pl. 1 (fig. A) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 9 (no. 98) (Art. 14); ref. 12226] Sri Lanka. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 436. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus griseus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Parenti 2019:181 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:272 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus griseus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

sordidum, Diagramma Klunzinger [C. B.] 1870:735 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 20; ref. 2621] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: BMNH 1871.7.15.26 (1), SMNS 2059 (1), ZIN 2510 (1), 2518 (1), ZMB 7980 (1). Type catalog: Fricke 1992:11 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:42 [ref. 29864]. •Valid as Plectorhynchus sordidus (Klunzinger 1870) -- (Dor 1984:150 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus sordidus (Klunzinger 1870) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:568 [ref. 5716], Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:211 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:177 [ref. 23922], Fricke 1999:289 [ref. 24106], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Fricke et al. 2009:65 [ref. 30213], Jawad et al. 2014:20 [ref. 33531], Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015:520 [ref. 33883], Psomadakis et al. 2015:256 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:327 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:208 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:97 [ref. 36273], Jawad et al. 2018:110 [ref. 36262], Eagderi et al. 2019:69 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:79 [ref. 36871], Damadi et al. 2020:150 [ref. 37867], Heemstra 2022:276 [ref. 39773], Zajonz et al. 2022:175 [ref. 40522], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426], Damadi et al. 2024:[7] [ref. 40918]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus sordidus (Klunzinger 1870). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: South Affrica, East Africa and Persian Gulf to Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius). IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

supplimin, Anthias Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:306, Pl. 60 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. No types known. •Incertae sedis in Haemulidae -- (Parenti 2019:185 [ref. 37021]). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

umbrinum, Diagramma Klunzinger [C. B.] 1870:736 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 20; ref. 2621] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMF 975 (1), ZIN 2639 (1), ZMB 7894 (1). •Valid as Plectorhynchus [sic] umbrinus (Klunzinger 1870) -- (Dor 1984:150 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus umbrinus (Klunzinger 1870) -- (Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus umbrinus (Klunzinger 1870). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

unicolor, Diagramma Macleay [W.] 1883:261 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 2); ref. 17587] China Straits, New Guinea. Holotype (unique): AMS I.13415. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus schotaf (Forsskål 1775) -- (Allen et al. 2006:1223 [ref. 29090]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus unicolor (Macleay 1883) -- (Randall et al. 1997:195 [ref. 25919], Johnson 1999:736 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:263 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:35 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:40 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:627 [ref. 27495], Allen et al. 2006:1223 [ref. 29090], Johnson & Worthington Wilmer 2015:509 [ref. 33883], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021], Psomadakis et al. 2020:469 [ref. 37272], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus unicolor (Macleay 1883). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Myanmar and Indonesia east to New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Tweed River (New South Wales, Australia) and Lord Howe Island. Habitat: marine.

vavad, Diagramma Thiollière [V. J. de l'I.] & Montrouzier [X.] in Montrouzier 1857:436 [158] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, Papua New Guinea. No types known. On p. 158 of reprint. •Synonym of Plectorhinchus diagrammus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:180 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus diagrammus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae. Habitat: marine.

vittata, Perca Linnaeus [C.] 1758:291 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] No locality stated. Holotype (unique): NRM LP 11. •A species of Plectorhinchus -- (Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:246 [ref. 20707]). •Valid as Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Myers 1999:151 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:289 [ref. 24106], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Randall & Johnson 2000:479 [ref. 25807], Hutchins 2001:35 [ref. 25847], McKay 2001:2982 [ref. 26103], Allen & Adrim 2003:40 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:627 [ref. 27495], Heemstra et al. 2004:3320 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:271 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1223 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2009:65 [ref. 30213], Motomura in Motomura et al. 2009:154 [ref. 31130], Motomura et al. 2010:123 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:478 [ref. 31980], Hata et al. 2012:26 [ref. 32412], Fricke et al. 2013:260 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:256 [ref. 34104], Koeda et al. 2016:45 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:208 [ref. 35805], Koeda & Ho 2018:248 [ref. 36176], Fricke et al. 2019:165 [ref. 36673], Parenti 2019:184 [ref. 37021], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 24 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 37272], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:9 [ref. 39607], Heemstra 2022:276 [ref. 39773], Damadi et al. 2023:142 [ref. 40426], Jeong et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40630]). Current status: Valid as Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya), Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Guam and Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Korea and southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.