Species that contain: Acanthurus and hepatus [ 17 ] records

aquilinus, Hepatus Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:353, Fig. 66 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Holotype (unique): USNM 51759. •Synonym of Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835 -- (Randall 1956:215 [ref. 12221], Randall 2005:583 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:427[ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

fowleri, Acanthurus de Beaufort [L. F.] (ex Fowler & Bean) in de Beaufort & Chapman 1951:149 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago; ref. 16097] Buka Island; Maitara; Gomomo Island, Philippines. Syntypes: USNM (as listed in Fowler & Bean). Based on Hepatus pyroferus of Fowler & Bean 1929:232 [ref. 1476] (not Kittlitz); description taken from Fowler & Bean. •Valid as Acanthurus fowleri de Beaufort 1951 -- (Randall 1956:206 [ref. 12221], Allen 1997:228 [ref. 23977], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:642 [ref. 25122], Kuiter & Debelius 2001:54 [ref. 26232], Randall 2001:3664 [ref. 26301], Allen & Adrim 2003:62 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2006:1734 [ref. 29094], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1020 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:182 [ref. 33932], Carpenter et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35143]). Current status: Valid as Acanthurus fowleri de Beaufort 1951. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean: east Indian region, Indonesia north to Philippines, east to Solomon Islands, south to New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

fuscus, Acronurus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:191 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] American Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.101 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:230 [ref. 13434] but as holotype. •Synonym of Acanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Wheeler 1958:230 [ref. 13434]). •Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Current status: Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

guentheri, Acanthurus Weber [M.] 1913:317 [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia, Siboga station 231; Sri Lanka. Syntypes: BMNH 1858.4.21.158-159 (2), Ambon Island and BMNH 1857.6.13.47 (1, RHS skin), Sri Lanka, ZMA 116476 (2). Based on Acanthurus nigrofuscus of Günther 1862:331 [ref. 1964] and 2 Siboga specimens. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Teuthis guentheri Jenkins 1903, replaced by Hepatus weberi Ahl 1923. •Synonym of Acanthurus bleekeri Günther 1861 -- (Randall 1956:180 [ref. 12221]). •Synonym of Acanthurus mata (Cuvier 1829). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus mata (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

hepatus, Teuthis Linnaeus [C.] 1766:507 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Mare indico [erroneous, is Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia]; Carolina, U.S.A. [erroneous]; Jamaica [erroneous]; Bahamas [erroneous], Mediterranean [erroneous]. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.101 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin), LS 84 (left half-skin). Type information: Goode & Bean 1885:205 [ref. 1841], Wheeler 1958:230-231 [ref. 13434], Wheeler 1985:67-68 [ref. 20705]. Misspelled hepathus by Schöpf 1788:175 [ref. 18700]. Based on multiple sources, including the 'Teuthis mucrone reflexo utrinque prope caudam' of Gronow 1763:113 [ref. 1910], which was based on the 'Turdus rhomboidalis, The Tang' of Catesby 1743:10, Pl. 10, fig. 1 (v. 2) [ref. 774] [Bahama Islands], the 'Chaetodon caerulescens, dorso nigro ...' of Seba 1759:104, pl. 33, fig. 3 [ref. 18716] [Ambon, Indonesia], the 'Ikan Maroeke' (which is Naso lituratus), 'Ikan Toetombo' (Ctenochaetus sp.) and 'Ikan Biroe' (Acanthurus sp.) of Valentyn 1726:371, 466, 473, figs. 77, 383, 404 [ref. 30358] [Ambon, Indonesia], the 'Seserinus' of Rondelet 1554:257 [ref. 30354] [Mediterranean Sea], the 'Rhombotides obscure caeruleus ...' of Klein 1740-49:34 (v. 4) [ref. 30141], and the 'Leervisch' of Ruysch 1718:4, Pl. 3, fig. 3 [ref. 30355] [Ambon, Indonesia]; also based on the 'Teuthis fusca caeruleo nitens' of Browne 1756:454 [ref. 30188] [Jamaica]. Originally based on multiple species, now restricted to the Indo-Pacific species (part, from Ambon, Indonesia) based on the two extant syntypes out of the Gronow collection. Lectotype designation needed. •Valid as Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:230 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:817 [ref. 5706], Winterbottom et al. 1989:65 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:428 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:371 [ref. 23929], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:560 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:228 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:155 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:368 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:428 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:273 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:550 [ref. 24106], Allen 2000:94 [ref. 37268], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:642 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1324 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:429 [ref. 25191], Kuiter & Debelius 2001:69 [ref. 26232], Randall 2001:3681 [ref. 26301] dated 1758, Nakabo 2002:1324 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:63 [ref. 26830], Matsuura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:206 [ref. 27510] dated 1758, Randall et al. 2004:30 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:404 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:587 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:496 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1743 [ref. 29094], Randall 2007:430 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:109 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:228 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:23 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1035 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:271 [ref. 32706], Kottelat 2013:442 [ref. 32989], Wirtz et al. 2014:10 [ref. 33516] as not this species, Fricke et al. 2014:185 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:104 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:356 [ref. 35805], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:145 [ref. 40104], Fricke et al. 2019:305 [ref. 36673], Moore et al. 2020:110 [ref. 37357], Kovačić et al. 2021:59 [ref. 39014], Randall 2022:241 [ref. 40150]). Current status: Valid as Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Marshall Islands and Line Islands (Kiribati), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Kimberley (Western Australia), southern Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia), New Caledonia and Samoa; waifs reaching Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

japonicus, Hepatus aliala Schmidt [P. Yu.] 1931:102, Pl. 6 (fig. 3) [Transactions of the Pacific Committee of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. v. 1; ref. 3937] Kominato, Amami-Oshima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype (unique): ZIN 23351. •Synonym of Acanthurus glaucopareius Cuvier 1829 -- (Randall 1956:199 [ref. 12221]). •Valid as Acanthurus japonicus (Schmidt 1931) -- (Myers 1999:270 [ref. 23965], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:642 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1328 [ref. 25182], Randall & Frische 2000:51 [ref. 25805], Allen 2000:123 [ref. 25868], Kuiter & Debelius 2001:29 [ref. 26232], Randall 2001:3664 [ref. 26301] dated 1930, Nakabo 2002:1328 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:62 [ref. 26830], Craig 2008:65 [ref. 29767], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1021 [ref. 31980], Koeda et al. 2016:100 [ref. 35333]). Current status: Valid as Acanthurus japonicus (Schmidt 1931). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Malaysia to Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Habitat: marine.

javus, Teuthis Linnaeus [C.] 1766:507 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Near Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: BMNH 1853.11.12.30 (skin). Spelled java in Gmelin 1789:1362 [ref. 18139]. Type apparently lost (see Woodland 1990:69 [ref. 19220] but Wheeler 1958:231-232 [ref. 13434] found a syntype). Based on multiple sources including the 'Hepatus cauda fronteque inermibus' of Gronow 1763:113 [ref. 1910], which was based on the 'Leervisch' and the 'Ikan Batoe Badoeri' (Acanthurus sp.) of Valentyn 1726:339, 476, fig. 410 [ref. 30358] [Onrust Island, Batavia, Java, Indonesia], the 'Fiatola' of Rondelet 1554:257 [ref. 30354] [Rome, Italy, Mediterranean Sea], and the 'Stromateus' of Rondelet 1554:157 [ref. 30354] [Rome, Italy, Mediterranean Sea]. Originally based on multiple species, now restricted to the Indo-Pacific species (part, from Java, Indonesia) based on the extant syntype out of the Gronow collection. Lectotype designated by Kottelat (2013:441 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Siganus javus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Dor 1984:260 [ref. 29757], Randall et al. 1990:437 [ref. 15987], Woodland 1990:67 [ref. 19220], Kottelat et al. 1993:157 [ref. 23448], Goren & Dor 1994:69 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:384 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:546 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:224 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:372 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:219 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:376 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:437 [ref. 25919], Anderson et al. 1998:28 [ref. 23611], Woodland in Randall & Lim 2000:641 [ref. 25122], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:187 [ref. 25703], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:104 [ref. 26368], Kuiter & Debelius 2001:157 [ref. 26232], Woodland 2001:3638 [ref. 26300], Allen & Adrim 2003:62 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S120 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:44 [ref. 27712], Allen et al. 2006:1725 [ref. 29090], Matsuura in Kimura & Matsuura 2009:298 [ref. 31172], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1009 [ref. 31980], Psomadakis et al. 2012:18 [ref. 33457], Larson et al. 2013:213 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:441 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:200 [ref. 34464], Matsuura in Kimura et al. 2015:84 [ref. 34319], Psomadakis et al. 2015:305 [ref. 34104], Suresh et al. 2018:300 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:110 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 25 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:555 [ref. 37272], Taki et al. 2021:397 [ref. 39830], Corsini-Foka & Zava 2022:289 [ref. 39854], Woodland 2022:213 [ref. 40143], Hasan et al. 2023:2212 [ref. 40412], Vilasri et al. 2023:93 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Siganus javus (Linnaeus 1766). Siganidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Vanuatu, north to southern China, south to northern Australia. Invasive in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lambdurus, Colocopus Gill [T. N.] 1884:279 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 435); ref. 1726] Based on Acanthurus hepatus (Bloch & Schneider) of Günther 1875:115, Pl. 75 [ref. 2005] (not Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

lucillae, Hepatus Fowler [H. W.] 1938:231, Pl. 10 (fig. 23) [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 2; ref. 1428] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: ANSP 68447. Paratypes: ANSP 68448-49 (1, 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:17 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Randall 1956:191 [ref. 12221], Mundy 2005:489 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:443 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

maculiceps, Hepatus Ahl [E.] 1924:36, Fig. 4 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19931] Talassia, New Pomerania [Kikiwiei/Comet Harbour, New Britain, Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Sea, western Pacific, ca. 5°32'S, 149°43'E]. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20366. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Acanthurus maculiceps (Ahl 1924) -- (Randall 1956:209 [ref. 12221], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:232 [ref. 6441], Allen 1997:228 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:538 [ref. 25919], Anderson et al. 1998:28 [ref. 23611], Myers 1999:270 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:93 [ref. 37268], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:642 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1329 [ref. 25182], Kuiter & Debelius 2001:55 [ref. 26232], Randall 2001:3664 [ref. 26301], Nakabo 2002:1329 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:62 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:647 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:578 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:488 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1735 [ref. 29094], Randall 2007:423 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:226 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1022 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:182 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2015:10 [ref. 33930], Koeda et al. 2016:100 [ref. 35333], Carpenter et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35143], Fricke et al. 2019:300 [ref. 36673], Moore et al. 2020:110 [ref. 37357], Wada et al. 2021:50 [ref. 38521], Randall 2022:226 [ref. 40150]). Current status: Valid as Acanthurus maculiceps (Ahl 1924). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives east to Marshall Islands and Line Islands (Kiribati), north to Amami Islands (southern Japan), south to Kimberley (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia), Solomon Islands and Samoa; waifs reaching Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

nubilus, Hepatus Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1929:253, Fig. 15 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 100, v. 8; ref. 1476] Dodepo Island, Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Albatross. Holotype: USNM 89980. •Valid as Acanthurus nubilus (Fowler & Bean 1929) -- (Randall 1956:179 [ref. 12221], Randall 1986:814 [ref. 5706], Allen 1997:228 [ref. 23977], Myers 1999:271 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:28 [ref. 25829], Kuiter & Debelius 2001:43 [ref. 26232], Randall 2001:3665 [ref. 26301], Allen & Adrim 2003:62 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:647 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:77 [ref. 27576], Randall 2005:580 [ref. 28239], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1024 [ref. 31980], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:8 [ref. 33988], Fricke et al. 2019:301 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Acanthurus nubilus (Fowler & Bean 1929). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Melanesia, Tuamotu Islands and Pitcairn Islands. Habitat: marine.

pawnee, Hepatus Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1927:73, Fig. 32 [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 635] Glovers Reef, Belize. Holotype: YPM 302. Paratypes: YPM 303 (44), 304 (5, stained). Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:6-7 [ref. 16741]. •Synonym of Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Randall 1956:222 [ref. 12221], Desoutter 1990:963 [ref. 18967]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

teuthis, Acanthurus Shaw [G.] 1803:377 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Type catalog: Bauchot & Randall 1996:67 [ref. 22195]. Substitute name for Teuthis hepatus Gmelin and Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Current status: Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

theuthis, Acanthurus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:547, 549 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia; Caroline Islands, western Pacific. •Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Randall 1986:817 [ref. 5706], Randall 2022:241 [ref. 40150]). Current status: Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

thompsoni, Hepatus Fowler [H. W.] 1923:386 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 8 (no. 7); ref. 1398] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): BPBM 3394 (not found in 1996). Kottelat (2013) cites inland record. •Valid as Acanthurus thompsoni (Fowler 1923) -- (Randall 1956:182 [ref. 12221], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:231 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:815 [ref. 5706], Winterbottom et al. 1989:63 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:425 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:228 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:425 [ref. 25919], Chen et al. 1999:116 [ref. 38834], Fricke 1999:541 [ref. 24106], Myers 1999:271 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:28 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:93 [ref. 37268], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:642 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:428 [ref. 25191], Nakabo 2000:1326 [ref. 25182], Randall & Earle 2000:21 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:270 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:45 [ref. 25847], Kuiter & Debelius 2001:42 [ref. 26232], Randall 2001:3665 [ref. 26301], Nakabo 2002:1326 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:62 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:647 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:77 [ref. 27576], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:402 [ref. 28072], Randall et al. 2004:29 [ref. 27624], Mundy 2005:490 [ref. 28379], Randall 2005:582 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1737 [ref. 29094], Randall 2007:426 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:107 [ref. 30213], Imamura 2009:303 [ref. 30434], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1025 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:271 [ref. 32706], Kottelat 2013:443 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:183 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:8 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:102 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:353 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:302 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:99 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:560 [ref. 37272], Durville et al. 2021:314 [ref. 38802], Wada et al. 2021:51 [ref. 38521], Randall 2022:229 [ref. 40150]). Current status: Valid as Acanthurus thompsoni (Fowler 1923). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) and Ducie (Pitcairn Group), north to Amami Islands (southern Japan) and Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

triangulus, Acanthurus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:189 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Type catalog: Bauchot & Randall 1996:67 [ref. 22195]. Based on a figure; no types known. •Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Bauchot & Randall 1996:67 [ref. 22195]). Current status: Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

weberi, Hepatus Ahl [E.] 1923:37 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19931] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia, Siboga Sta. 231; and Sri Lanka. Syntypes: BMNH 1858.4.21.158-159 (2), Ambon Island and BMNH 1857.6.13.47 (1, RHS skin), Sri Lanka, ZMA 116476 (2). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:105 [ref. 19236]. Replacement name for Acanthurus guentheri Weber 1913 [ref. 4602], secondarily preoccupied by Teuthis guentheri Jenkins 1903 [ref. 2341] when both are in Hepatus. •Mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Acanthurus bleekeri Günther 1861 -- (Randall 1956:180 [ref. 12221]). •Synonym of Acanthurus mata (Cuvier 1829). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus mata (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.