Species that contain: Epinephelus and flavocaeruleus [ 10 ] records

borbonicus, Serranus Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:312, Pl. 57 (fig. 2) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7407. •Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:155 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:154 [ref. 21042], Fricke 1999:186 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2020:68 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:56 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

caerulescens, Holocentrus Shaw [G.] 1803:559 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Indian Seas. Neotype: MNHN A-5747. Unneeded new name for Holocentrus flavocaeruleus Lacepède 1802, and taking the same type specimen. •Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Fricke 1999:186 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2020:68 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

delissii, Serranus Bennett [E. T.] 1831:126 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 16794] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1852.9.13.106. •Synonym of Holanthias borbonius (Valenciennes 1828) -- (authors). •Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus [sic flavocoeruleus] (Lacepède 1802) -- (Fricke 1999:186 [ref. 24106]). •Synonym of Odontanthias borbonius (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Randall & Heemstra 2006:9 [ref. 28602], Parenti & Randall 2020:20 [ref. 37354], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:92 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Synonym of Odontanthias borbonius (Valenciennes 1828). Anthiadidae. Habitat: marine.

flavocaeruleus, Holocentrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1802:331, 367 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Neotype: MNHN A-5747 (dry skin). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:41 [ref. 19232]. Originally flavo-cæruleus. Based on description in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). Neotype designated by Randall & Whitehead 1985:37 [ref. 9723]. •Valid as Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:194 [ref. 19756], Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:128 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Randall 1986:525 [ref. 5667], Winterbottom et al. 1989:24 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:107 [ref. 15987], Randall & Heemstra 1991:155 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:154 [ref. 21042], Randall 1995:130 [ref. 22896], Fricke 1999:186 [ref. 24106], Allen & Adrim 2003:31 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S104 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3319 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:166 [ref. 28072], Fricke et al. 2009:45 [ref. 30213], Caratini & Soriano 2011:52 [ref. 39915], Craig et al. 2011:140 [ref. 31786], Allen & Erdmann 2012:273 [ref. 31980], Almukhtar et al. 2012:175 [ref. 41009], Fricke et al. 2013:256 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:148 [ref. 35805], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Eagderi et al. 2019:108 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:70 [ref. 36871], Parenti & Randall 2020:68 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:51 [ref. 38701], Heemstra 2022:56 [ref. 39742], Zajonz et al. 2022:77 [ref. 40522], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:673 [ref. 40722]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Andaman Islands, western Thailand, western Malaya (Malaysia) and Sumatra (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

flavopurpurea, Perca Bennett [J. W.] 1830:unnum. p., Pl. 19 [A selection from the most remarkable and interesting fishes found on the coast of Ceylon First Edition; ref. 16785] South coast of Sri Lanka. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Originally as flavo-purpurea, correction mandatory. As Cynichthys flavopurpuratus in Swainson 1838:202. •Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:155 [ref. 19601], Pethiyagoda et al. 1994:43 [ref. 21456], Heemstra & Randall 1993:154 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:68 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:56 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

gymnosus, Holocentrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:335, 372 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] [No locality stated] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Possible types: MNHN A-5747 (1) coll. Commerson. Type catalog: Bauchot 1970:48 [ref. 20740], Bauchot et al. 1984:41 [ref. 19232]. Figured on Pl. 27 (fig. 2) of Lacepède 1801 [ref. 2710], but with vernacular name. •Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:155 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:154 [ref. 21042], Fricke 1999:186 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2020:68 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:56 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

macrocephalus, Bodianus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:281, 293 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] [No locality] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Possible types: MNHN A-5747 (1, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:39 [ref. 19232]. Based on Commerson drawing. Figured on Pl. 20 (fig. 2) of Lacepède 1801 [ref. 2710]. •Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:155 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:154 [ref. 21042], Fricke 1999:186 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2020:68 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:56 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

melanometopon, Epinephelus flavocoeruleus var. Bleeker [P.] 1871:96 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 17077] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean; Mozambique. Description somewhat confused as to allocation to varieties melanometopon and xanthometopon. Based on specimens and literature sources. •Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Fricke et al. 2018:148 [ref. 35805], Parenti & Randall 2020:69 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

melas, Serranus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1855:429 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1855; ref. 3449] "Querimba-Inseln (Ibo)", Mozambique. Also described as new in Peters 1855:236 [ref. 13448]. •Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:69 [ref. 37354]) Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

xanthometopon, Epinephelus flavocoeruleum var. Bleeker [P.] 1871:97 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 17077] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean; Sri Lanka. Based on Holocentrus flavocaeruleus Lacepède 1802:331, 367 [ref. 4929] and on Perca flavopurpurea Bennett 1830: p. opp. Pl. 19, Pl. 19 [ref. 16785]. •Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:69 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.