Species that contain: Epinephelus and malabaricus [ 9 ] records

crapao, Serranus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:494 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype: MNHN 0000-7332. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:27 [ref. 19232]. •Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:194 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Golani 1993:385 [ref. 22373], Heemstra & Randall 1993:184 [ref. 21042], Kottelat 2013:327 [ref. 32989], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cylindricus, Epinephelus Postel [E.] 1965:124, Fig. 1 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 37 (no. 1); ref. 9244] Nouméa market, New Caledonia. Holotype (unique): not at MNHN. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:40 [ref. 19232]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Epinephelus by Serranus cylindricus Günther 1859 when in Epinephelus. •Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:194 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Golani 1993:385 [ref. 22373], Heemstra & Randall 1993:184 [ref. 21042], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:328 [ref. 28867], Kottelat 2013:328 [ref. 32989], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

estuarius, Serranus Macleay [W.] 1883:200 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 2); ref. 14342] Mary River, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): MAMU (missing). •Questionably a synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:194 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Golani 1993:385 [ref. 22373], Heemstra & Randall 1993:184 [ref. 21042], Kottelat 2013:327 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:495 [ref. 12442], Hoese et al. 2006:1014 [ref. 28999], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Uncertain as Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

geoffroyi, Serranus Klunzinger [C. B.] 1870:675, footnote [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 20; ref. 2621] Port Safaga, Egypt, Red Sea. Holotype: SMNS 233. Syntypes: Not NMW 39276 (1) see Randall et. al. 2013:527 [ref. 32685]. •Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Dor 1984:100 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:117 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:127 [ref. 21042]). •Valid as Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger 1870) -- (Randall et al. 2013:524 [ref. 32685], DiBattista et al. 2015:21 [ref. 35706], Rothman et al. 2016:479 [ref. 34171], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:63 [ref. 36273], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Parenti & Randall 2020:69 [ref. 37354], Wu et al. 2020:135 [ref. 37525], Golani 2021:41 [ref. 38303] as geofrroyi, Kovačić et al. 2021:77 [ref. 39014], Heemstra 2022:57 [ref. 39742], Nakamura & Motomura 2021:275 [ref. 38066]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger 1870). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

malabaricus, Holocentrus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:319, Pl. 63 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Holotype (unique): ZMB 190. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:137 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:236 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:182 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:100 [ref. 29757], Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:130 [ref. 6441], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:786 [ref. 13676], Heemstra & Randall 1986:527 [ref. 5667], Daget & Smith 1986:303 [ref. 6204], Paxton et al. 1989:495 [ref. 12442], Lee 1990:48 [ref. 19830], Randall et al. 1990:111 [ref. 15987], Randall & Heemstra 1991:194 [ref. 19601] with remarks on type, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:807 [ref. 20764], Heemstra & Randall 1993:184 [ref. 21042], Heemstra & Golani 1993:385 [ref. 22373], Kuiter 1993:132 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:26 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:133 [ref. 22896], Larson & Williams 1997:355 [ref. 23967], Allen 1997:88 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:49 [ref. 26476], Machida et al. 1997:50 [ref. 25135], Randall et al. 1997:111 [ref. 25919], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Myers 1999:114 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:192 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2511 [ref. 24815], Johnson 1999:730 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:721 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:609 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:185 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:86 [ref. 25480], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:185 [ref. 25703], Sakai et al. 2001:94 [ref. 25693], Parenti & Bressi 2001:281 [ref. 25708], Hutchins 2001:262 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:30 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:721 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:31 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S104 [ref. 27377], Randall et al. 2004:12 [ref. 27624], Heemstra 2004:3338 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:168 [ref. 28072], Larson & Pidgeon 2004:196 [ref. 28107], Golani 2005:36 [ref. 37112], Randall 2005:155 [ref. 28239], Randall 2005:159 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1014 [ref. 28999], Fricke et al. 2009:46 [ref. 30213], Motomura in Motomura & Satapoomin 2009:89 [ref. 30492], Motomura et al. 2010:98 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:384 [ref. 31242], Craig et al. 2011:182 [ref. 31786], Allen & Erdmann 2012:276 [ref. 31980], Almukhtar et al. 2012:175 [ref. 41009], Larson et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:327 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:61 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:199 [ref. 34104], Rothman et al. 2016:479 [ref. 34171], Ali et al. 2018:319 [ref. 36183], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:150 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:63 [ref. 36273], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2018:103 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:187 [ref. 36495], Fricke et al. 2019:118 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:71 [ref. 36871] as cf. malabaricus, Bogorodsky et al. 2020:515 [ref. 38001], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 21 [ref. 38321], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354], Psomadakis et al. 2020:392 [ref. 37272], Golani 2021:41 [ref. 38303], Akhilesh et al. 2021:52 [ref. 38701], Kawano et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38470], Kovačić et al. 2021:77 [ref. 39014], Ogata et al. 2021:1 [ref. 38490], Heemstra 2022:62 [ref. 39742], Zajonz et al. 2022:82 [ref. 40522], Hasan et al. 2023:2209 [ref. 40412], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:680 [ref. 40722]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Tonga, north to southern Sea of Japan and Miyazaki Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: brackish, marine.

polypodophilus, Serranus Bleeker [P.] 1849:37 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 22 [13]; ref. 318] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: BMNH 1880.4.21.1-3 (3), 1840.4.21.13 (1); ?RMNH 5486 (7), SMNS 10637 (2 syntypes). Type catalog: Fricke 1991:19-20 [ref. 13474], Fricke 2005:59 [ref. 29864]. •Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:194 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Golani 1993:385 [ref. 22373], Heemstra & Randall 1993:184 [ref. 21042], Kottelat 2013:327 [ref. 32989], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

salmoides, Holocentrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:346, 389 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Probably Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN A-5444 (2, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:17 [ref. 19232]. Originally salmoïdes. Figured on Pl. 34 (fig. 3) in Lacepède 1801 [ref. 2710], but with vernacular name. Spelled salmonoides by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:343 [ref. 997]. •Valid as Epinephelus salmonoides (Lacepède 1802) -- (Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:130 [ref. 6441], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:240 [ref. 27969]). •Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Dor 1984:100 [ref. 29757], Randall et al. 1990:111 [ref. 15987], Randall & Heemstra 1991:194 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Golani 1993:385 [ref. 22373], Heemstra & Randall 1993:184 [ref. 21042], Fricke 1999:192 [ref. 24106], Kottelat 2013:327 [ref. 32989], Golani & Fricke 2018:63 [ref. 36273], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:62 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

salmonoides, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:343 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Emendation and redescription of Holocentrus salmoides Lacepède 1802. •In the synonymy of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Heemstra & Golani 1993:385 [ref. 22373], Heemstra & Randall 1993:184 [ref. 21042], Kottelat 2013:327 [ref. 32989], Golani & Fricke 2018:63 [ref. 36273], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:62 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

semipunctatus, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:341 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-0743 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:35 [ref. 19232]. Originally semi-punctatus, correction mandatory. •Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:194 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Golani 1993:385 [ref. 22373], Heemstra & Randall 1993:184 [ref. 21042], Kottelat 2013:327 [ref. 32989], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:62 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.