Species that contain: Epinephelus and summana [ 8 ] records

areolata, Perca Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:xi, 42 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Possible holotype: ZMUC P43570 (dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:61 [ref. 9588] not definitely referred ZMUC P43570 as holotype due to confusion of some labels in Forsskål's collection. As Perca summana var. areolata on p. xi, and as "[PERCA summana] (c) Perca areolata" on p. 42. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:28 [ref. 30182]. Possible type figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965: Pl. 10 [ref. 20847]. •Valid as Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:208 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:175 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:98 [ref. 29757], Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:128 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Randall 1986:523 [ref. 5667], Allen & Swainston 1988:56 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:493 [ref. 12442], Lee 1990:36 [ref. 19830], Randall et al. 1990:105 [ref. 15987], Randall & Heemstra 1991:99 [ref. 19601], Baranes & Golani 1993:306 [ref. 22372], Heemstra & Randall 1993:112 [ref. 21042], Goren & Dor 1994:25 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:128 [ref. 22896], Evseenko 1996:727 [ref. 24666], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:233 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:84 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:143 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:45 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:110 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:105 [ref. 25919], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2487 [ref. 24815], Nakabo 2000:715 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:609 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:181 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:80 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:98 [ref. 25868], Hutchins 2001:30 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:715 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:31 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S104 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:51 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:11 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:119 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:154 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1008 [ref. 28999], Fricke 2008:28 [ref. 30182], Satapoomin in Motomura & Satapoomin 2009:86 [ref. 30492], Motomura et al. 2010:96 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:384 [ref. 31242], Craig et al. 2011:85 [ref. 31786], Allen & Erdmann 2012:267 [ref. 31980], Almukhtar et al. 2012:174 [ref. 41009], Randall et al. 2013:524 [ref. 32685], Fricke et al. 2013:256 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:99 [ref. 34464], Psomadakis et al. 2015:196 [ref. 34104], Rothman et al. 2016:479 [ref. 34171], Motomura et al. 2017:84 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:318 [ref. 36183], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:147 [ref. 35805], Jawad et al. 2018:103 [ref. 36262], Golani & Fricke 2018:62 [ref. 36273], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Satapoomin in Kimura et al. 2018:100 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:106 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:116 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:70 [ref. 36871], Kim et al. 2020:115 [ref. 39118], Parenti & Randall 2020:62 [ref. 37354], Psomadakis et al. 2020:387 [ref. 37272], Ray & Mohapatra 2020:110 [ref. 37300], Wu et al. 2020:134 [ref. 37525], Akhilesh et al. 2021:50 [ref. 38701], Golani 2021:40 [ref. 38303], Kawano et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38469], Kovačić et al. 2021:77 [ref. 39014], Nakamura in Motomura et al. 2021:19 [ref. 38121], Nakamura & Motomura 2021:275 [ref. 38066], Heemstra 2022:51 [ref. 39742], Sabour et al. 2022:121 [ref. 40008], Zajonz et al. 2022:71 [ref. 40522], Ali et al. 2023:58 [ref. 40802], Ergüden et al. 2023:256 [ref. 40685], Hasan et al. 2023:2210 [ref. 40412], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:666 [ref. 40722], Murase et al. 2023:39 [ref. 40935], Vilasri et al. 2023:78 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål 1775). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya), Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles and Madagascar east to Fiji, Tonga and Samoa, north to Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Invasive in eastern Mediterranean (Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey). Habitat: marine.

fuscoguttata, Perca summana var. Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:xi, 42 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Sams Pier, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Neotype: USNM 147594. Originally as fusco-guttata, correction mandatory. Neotype designated by Randall 1964: 291 [ref. 3600]. Original type localities 'Sues' (As-Suways, Gulf of Suez, Egypt, Red Sea) and 'Djiddæ' (Jeddah/Juddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea). Authorship according to Fricke 2008:28 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:230 [ref. 19756], Dor 1984:99 [ref. 29757], Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:131 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Randall 1986:525 [ref. 5667], Allen & Swainston 1988:56 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:108 [ref. 15987], Randall & Heemstra 1991:157 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:156 [ref. 21042], Kuiter 1993:131 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:26 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:235 [ref. 27969], Larson & Williams 1997:355 [ref. 23967], Allen 1997:84 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:108 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:114 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:188 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2501 [ref. 24815], Nakabo 2000:724 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:609 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:183 [ref. 25191], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:98 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:262 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:30 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:724 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:31 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S104 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:621 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:11 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:119 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3319 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:168 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:156 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:346 [ref. 28379], Hoese et al. 2006:1012 [ref. 28999], Fricke 2008:28 [ref. 30182], Hobbs et al. 2008:7 [ref. 39350], Fricke et al. 2009:45 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2011:384 [ref. 31242], Craig et al. 2011:142 [ref. 31786], Allen & Erdmann 2012:273 [ref. 31980], Almukhtar et al. 2012:175 [ref. 41009], Fricke et al. 2013:256 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:100 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:61 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:198 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:318 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:149 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:63 [ref. 36273], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2018:102 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:108 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:117 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:70 [ref. 36871], Parenti & Randall 2020:69 [ref. 37354], Psomadakis et al. 2020:390 [ref. 37272], Akhilesh et al. 2021:51 [ref. 38701], Kim et al. 2021:128 [ref. 39117], Nakamura et al. 2021:1 [ref. 38703], Heemstra 2022:56 [ref. 39742], Zajonz et al. 2022:78 [ref. 40522], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:673 [ref. 40722]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål 1775). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya), Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Phoenix Islands and Samoa, north to Kagoshima (southern Japan), south to Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

hostiaretis, Epinephelus summana Whitley [G. P.] 1954:25 [Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales v. for 1952-53; ref. 4721] Queensland, Australia. No types known. •Synonym of Epinephelus ongus (Bloch 1790) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:496 [ref. 12442], Randall & Heemstra 1991:220 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:208 [ref. 21042], Hoese et al. 2006:1016 [ref. 28999], Parenti & Randall 2020:77 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus ongus (Bloch 1790). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

koschar, Perca summana var. Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:345 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Red Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskal 1775) -- (Parenti 2003:499 [ref. 27322], Parenti & Randall 2020:69 [ref. 37354]) Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål 1775). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

leucostigma, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:346 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:46 [ref. 19232]. Based on a drawing. •Synonym of Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus (Bloch 1790) -- (Dor 1984:98 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Epinephelus summana (Forsskål 1775) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:267 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:239 [ref. 21042], Golani & Fricke 2018:64 [ref. 36273], Parenti & Randall 2020:81 [ref. 37354]). •Synonym of Epinephelus summana (Fabricius 1775) -- (Heemstra 2022:71 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus summana (Fabricius 1775). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

meleagris, Sebastes Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1864:392 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1864; ref. 3437] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Syntypes: ZMB 198 (4). •Synonym of Epinephelus summana (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:101 [ref. 29757], Randall & Heemstra 1991:268 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:239 [ref. 21042], Golani & Fricke 2018:64 [ref. 36273], Parenti & Randall 2020:81 [ref. 37354]). •Synonym of Epinephelus summana (Fabricius 1775) -- (Heemstra 2022:71 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus summana (Fabricius 1775). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

summana, Perca Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:xi, 42 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [No locality stated] Red Sea. Holotype (unique): ZMUC P43569 (dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:61 [ref. 9588], Fricke 2008:29 [ref. 30182]. Holotype figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 10 [ref. 20847]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:29 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Epinephelus summana (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:100 [ref. 29757], Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:131 [ref. 6441], Randall et al. 1990:112 [ref. 15987], Randall & Heemstra 1991:267 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:239 [ref. 21042], Goren & Dor 1994:26 [ref. 25356], Chen et al. 1997:51 [ref. 26476], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S104 [ref. 27377], Randall 2005:161 [ref. 28239], DiBattista et al. 2015:21 [ref. 35706], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:64 [ref. 36273], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Zajonz et al. 2019:71 [ref. 36871], Parenti & Randall 2020:81 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:53 [ref. 38701]). •Valid as Epinephelus summana (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:29 [ref. 30182], Heemstra 2022:71 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus summana (Fabricius 1775). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Socotra (Yemen). Habitat: brackish, marine.

tumilabris, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:346 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Seychelles. Holotype: MNHN 0000-7336. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:36 [ref. 19232]. •Synonym of Epinephelus summana (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:101 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Epinephelus ongus (Bloch 1790) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:219 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:208 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:77 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:66 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus ongus (Bloch 1790). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.