Species that contain: Gymnothorax and pictus [ 13 ] records

atomaria, Muraena Solander [D. C.] in Richardson 1848:86 [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Society Islands. No types known. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:94 [ref. 26380]. Based on Solander manuscript. •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & Smith 2002:94 [ref. 26380], Smith 2012:23 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

elegantissima, Muraena Kaup [J. J.] 1857:67 [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Australia? Holotype (unique): MNHN B-2466. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:99 [ref. 20810], Böhlke & Smith 2002:108 [ref. 26380]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:58 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & McCosker 2001:97 [ref. 25226], Böhlke & Smith 2002:108 [ref. 26380], Allen et al. 2006:254 [ref. 29005]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

erythroptera, Muraena Solander [D. C.] in Richardson 1848:86 [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Society Islands. No types known. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:109 [ref. 26380]. •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Böhlke & Smith 2002:109 [ref. 26380], Smith 2012:23 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

hilonis, Gymnothorax Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1903:167 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2450] Hilo, Hawaii Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50618. Type catalog: Smith 1994:18 [ref. 21917], Böhlke & Smith 2002:115 [ref. 26380]. •Probably valid as Gymnothorax hilonis Jordan & Evermann 1903 -- (Smith 1994:18 [ref. 21917]). •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & Smith 2002:115 [ref. 26380], Randall 2005:45 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:91 [ref. 30952], Smith 2012:23 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

kowanensis, Gymnothorax pictus Aoyagi [H.] 1943:27, Fig. 9 [Coral fishes. Part 1; ref. 17936] Bay of Kowan, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype (unique): not at YCM, apparently lost. Type information: Hayashi 1995:7 [ref. 22717]. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:119 [ref. 26380]. •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & Smith 2002:119 [ref. 26380], Smith 2012:24 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

lita, Muraena Richardson [J.] 1848:84 [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1846.2.16.111. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:122 [ref. 26380]. •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & Smith 2002:122 [ref. 26380], Smith 2012:23 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

pantherina, Muraenophis Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:628, 641, 642 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] No locality. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-3141. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:101 [ref. 20810], Böhlke & Smith 2002:134-135 [ref. 26380]. •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & Smith 2002:134 [ref. 26380], Fricke et al. 2009:17 [ref. 30213], Smith 2012:23 [ref. 32155], Fricke et al. 2018:38 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

pfeifferi, Muraena Bleeker [P.] 1853:173 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 16912] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Lectotype: BMNH 1867.11.28.286. Paralectotypes: RMNH 7199 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:137 [ref. 26380]. Also appeared in Bleeker 1853:72 [ref. 339]. Lectotype selected by Böhlke & Randall 2000:248 [ref. 24493]. •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & Smith 2002:137 [ref. 26380], Smith 2012:23 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

picta, Muraena Ahl [J. N.] 1789:8, Pl. 2 (right fig.) [Specimen ichthyologicum de Muraena et Ophichtho; ref. 80] In Indiæ Orientalis [Indonesia]. No types known. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:138 [ref. 26380]. •Valid as Siderea picta (Ahl 1789) -- (Dor 1984:30 [ref. 29757], Castle & McCosker 1986:174 [ref. 5645], Allen & Swainston 1988:32 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:132 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:68 [ref. 24556], Randall et al. 1990:42 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:157 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:49 [ref. 22193], Chen et al. 1994:53 [ref. 22258], Goren & Dor 1994:7 [ref. 25356], McCosker & Rosenblatt in Fischer et al. 1995:1313 [ref. 22830], Quéro & Saldanha 1995:68 [ref. 22017], Randall & Golani 1995:870 [ref. 21744], Randall 1995:58 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:52 [ref. 23977], Allen & Robertson 1997:819 [ref. 41086], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:159 [ref. 24023], Larson & Williams 1997:346 [ref. 23967], Kuiter 1997:32 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:42 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:50 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:58 [ref. 24106], Allen 2000:84 [ref. 37268], Randall & Earle 2000:7 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:204 [ref. 26001], Böhlke & Smith 2002:138 [ref. 26380], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S95 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:611 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:68 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:7 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:104 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:45 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:91 [ref. 30952], Zhang et al. 2010:248 [ref. 31511]). •Valid as Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Hatooka in Masuda et al. 1984:25 [ref. 6441], Winterbottom et al. 1989:9 [ref. 13251], Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke et al. 1999:1656 [ref. 24692], Nakabo 2000:204 [ref. 25086], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:585 [ref. 25122], Böhlke & McCosker 2001:73 [ref. 25226], Allen & Adrim 2003:23 [ref. 26830], Mundy 2005:122 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:253 [ref. 29005], Béarez & Séret 2009:146 [ref. 36646], Fricke et al. 2009:17 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:188 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:73 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:350 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:90 [ref. 31980], Smith 2012:23 [ref. 32155], Page et al. 2013:61 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:251 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:25 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:19 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:4 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:108 [ref. 36167], Ho et al. 2015:159 [ref. 34130], Stewart & McCosker 2015:233 [ref. 34233], Fourriére et al. 2016:441 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:606 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:7 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:38 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:22 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:24 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:51 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:62 [ref. 36871], Smith et al. 2019:47 [ref. 37159], Ramos-Castro et al. 2020:83 [ref. 37651], Eudeline 2022:143 [ref. 39191], Smith & Böhlke 2022:59 [ref. 39681], Page et al. 2023:52 [ref. 40505], Allen & Erdmann 2024:100 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Mayotte (France), Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Clipperton Island (France) and Panama, north to southern Japan, south to North West Cape (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) to 23°30'S, and Kermadec Islands. Habitat: marine.

polyophthalmus, Muraena Bleeker [P.] 1858:15 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 3 (art. 11); ref. 361] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.11.28.332. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:139 [ref. 26380]. •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & Smith 2002:139 [ref. 26380], Smith 2012:23 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

siderea, Muraena Richardson [J.] 1848:85, Pl. 48 (figs. 1-5) [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Western and northern shores of Australia; coast of New Guinea. Syntypes: BMNH 1846.9.11.16 (1), Australia, coll. Jukes. [1 syntype lost]. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:147 [ref. 26380]. Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493] regard BMNH 1846.9.11.16 as holotype, but it is a syntype. See Smith & Böhlke 2006:35 [ref. 28678] for remarks on types. •Synonym of Siderea picta (Ahl 1789) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:132 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & Smith 2002:147 [ref. 26380], Allen et al. 2006:254 [ref. 29005], Smith 2012:23 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

thomsoni, Gymnothorax Borodin [N. A.] 1928:8, Pl. 2 (figs. 1-2) [Bulletin Vanderbilt Oceanographic Museum v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 526] Galápagos Islands [or Cocos Island, eastern Pacific]. Holotype (unique): AMNH 225216 [ex VMM 411]. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:150 [ref. 26380]. Named for "Charles Thompson" but species spelled thomsoni in text and on figures. •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (McCosker & Rosenblatt 1975:424 [ref. 9341], Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & Smith 2002:150 [ref. 26380], Smith 2012:24 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

variegata, Muraena Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:246, Pl. 52 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Holotype: MNHN B-3142. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:100 [ref. 20810]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Muraena variegata Rafinesque 1810 •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Smith 2012:23 [ref. 32155]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.