Species that contain: Gymnothorax and siderea [ 10 ] records

arenata, Thyrsoidea Kaup [J. J.] 1856:61 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] China. Holotype: BMNH uncat. (651 mm TL). Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:94 [ref. 26380]. Also in Kaup 1856:85 [ref. 2573]. Probably should be regarded as an unneeded replacement name for Muraena thyrsoidea Richardson 1845, based on a Cuvier museum name, with type the Richardson specimen. Kaup's description probably possibly based on MNHN A.8810 from Pondicherry, which Böhlke & Smith 2002:94 [ref. 26380] regard as the tentative holotype of arenata. •Objective synonym of Siderea thyrsoidea Richardson 1845 -- (Böhlke 1995:463 [ref. 21738]). •Synonym of Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson 1845) -- (Böhlke & Smith 2002:94 [ref. 26380] as thysoidea and thysoideus, Smith 2012:28 [ref. 32155]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson 1845). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

bilineata, Muraena Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:84 [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype: SMF 911. Paratypes: SMF 7186 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:97 [ref. 26380]. •Synonym of Siderea grisea (Lacepède 1803) -- (Dor 1984:30 [ref. 29757], Randall & Golani 1995:870 [ref. 21744]). •Synonym of Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Böhlke & Smith 2002:97 [ref. 26380], Smith 2012:16 [ref. 32155], Golani & Fricke 2018:21 [ref. 36273], Smith et al. 2019:29 [ref. 37159]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède 1803). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

flavocula, Siderea Böhlke [E. B.] & Randall [J. E.] 1996:95, Figs. 1-5 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 22470] Eastern side of Masirah Island, central coast of Oman, Arabian Sea, depth 6 meters. Holotype: BPBM 36155. Paratypes: ANSP 173400 (1), BPBM 36382 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:111 [ref. 26380]. Apparently inadvertently appeared first in Randall 1995:59 [ref. 22896] with authorship as Böhlke & Randall 1995. •Valid as Siderea flavocula Böhlke & Randall 1996 -- (Randall 1995:59 [ref. 22896]). •Valid as Gymnothorax flavoculus (Böhlke & Randall 1996) -- (Böhlke & Smith 2002:111 [ref. 26380], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S95 [ref. 27377], Chen et al. 2008:134 [ref. 29929], Smith 2012:15 [ref. 32155], Zajonz et al. 2019:62 [ref. 36871], Smith & Böhlke 2022:52 [ref. 39681]). Current status: Valid as Gymnothorax flavoculus (Böhlke & Randall 1996). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Socotra (Yemen), southern Oman and Gulf of Oman. IUCN (2019): Least concern. Habitat: marine.

geometrica, Muraena Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:118, Pl. 30 (fig. 1) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 130. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:112-113 [ref. 26380]. •Synonym of Siderea grisea (Lacepède 1803) -- (Dor 1984:30 [ref. 29757], Randall & Golani 1995:870 [ref. 21744]). •Synonym of Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Böhlke & Smith 2002:113 [ref. 26380], Smith 2012:16 [ref. 32155], Golani & Fricke 2018:21 [ref. 36273], Smith et al. 2019:29 [ref. 37159]) Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède 1803). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

grisea, Muraenophis Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1803:629, 642, Pl. 19 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] No locality stated [Madagascar]. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:126 [ref. 20810], Böhlke & Smith 2002:114 [ref. 26380]. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:57 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Based on description and drawing in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). •Valid as Siderea grisea (Lacepède 1803) -- (Dor 1984:29 [ref. 29757], Castle & McCosker 1986:174 [ref. 5645], Goren & Dor 1994:7 [ref. 25356], Quéro & Saldanha 1995:68 [ref. 22017], Randall & Golani 1995:870 [ref. 21744], Randall 1995:58 [ref. 22896], Fricke 1999:56 [ref. 24106], Caratini & Soriano 2011:60 [ref. 39915]). •Valid as Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Winterbottom et al. 1989:9 [ref. 13251], Böhlke & Randall 1999:551 [ref. 24552], Böhlke & Smith 2002:114 [ref. 26380], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S95 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3316 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:104 [ref. 28072], Fricke et al. 2009:16 [ref. 30213], Smith 2012:16 [ref. 32155], Fricke et al. 2013:251 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:36 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:21 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:23 [ref. 36883], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:112 [ref. 40104], Zajonz et al. 2019:62 [ref. 36871], Smith et al. 2019:29 [ref. 37159], Eudeline 2022:139 [ref. 39191], Smith & Böhlke 2022:53 [ref. 39681]). Current status: Valid as Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède 1803). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: Transkei and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and East Africa to Seychelles, Mayotte (France), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues). Habitat: marine.

picta, Muraena Ahl [J. N.] 1789:8, Pl. 2 (right fig.) [Specimen ichthyologicum de Muraena et Ophichtho; ref. 80] In Indiæ Orientalis [Indonesia]. No types known. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:138 [ref. 26380]. •Valid as Siderea picta (Ahl 1789) -- (Dor 1984:30 [ref. 29757], Castle & McCosker 1986:174 [ref. 5645], Allen & Swainston 1988:32 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:132 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:68 [ref. 24556], Randall et al. 1990:42 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:157 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:49 [ref. 22193], Chen et al. 1994:53 [ref. 22258], Goren & Dor 1994:7 [ref. 25356], McCosker & Rosenblatt in Fischer et al. 1995:1313 [ref. 22830], Quéro & Saldanha 1995:68 [ref. 22017], Randall & Golani 1995:870 [ref. 21744], Randall 1995:58 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:52 [ref. 23977], Allen & Robertson 1997:819 [ref. 41086], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:159 [ref. 24023], Larson & Williams 1997:346 [ref. 23967], Kuiter 1997:32 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:42 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:50 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:58 [ref. 24106], Allen 2000:84 [ref. 37268], Randall & Earle 2000:7 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:204 [ref. 26001], Böhlke & Smith 2002:138 [ref. 26380], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S95 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:611 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:68 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:7 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:104 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:45 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:91 [ref. 30952], Zhang et al. 2010:248 [ref. 31511]). •Valid as Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Hatooka in Masuda et al. 1984:25 [ref. 6441], Winterbottom et al. 1989:9 [ref. 13251], Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke et al. 1999:1656 [ref. 24692], Nakabo 2000:204 [ref. 25086], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:585 [ref. 25122], Böhlke & McCosker 2001:73 [ref. 25226], Allen & Adrim 2003:23 [ref. 26830], Mundy 2005:122 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:253 [ref. 29005], Béarez & Séret 2009:146 [ref. 36646], Fricke et al. 2009:17 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:188 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:73 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:350 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:90 [ref. 31980], Smith 2012:23 [ref. 32155], Page et al. 2013:61 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:251 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:25 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:19 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:4 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:108 [ref. 36167], Ho et al. 2015:159 [ref. 34130], Stewart & McCosker 2015:233 [ref. 34233], Fourriére et al. 2016:441 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:606 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:7 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:38 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:22 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:24 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:51 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:62 [ref. 36871], Smith et al. 2019:47 [ref. 37159], Ramos-Castro et al. 2020:83 [ref. 37651], Eudeline 2022:143 [ref. 39191], Smith & Böhlke 2022:59 [ref. 39681], Page et al. 2023:52 [ref. 40505], Allen & Erdmann 2024:100 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Mayotte (France), Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Clipperton Island (France) and Panama, north to southern Japan, south to North West Cape (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) to 23°30'S, and Kermadec Islands. Habitat: marine.

prosopeion, Muraena Bleeker [P.] 1853:300 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 12580] Cauer, Priaman, Sumatra, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 7195 (370 mm TL). Paralectotypes: RMNH 32444 (1). Non-types: BMNH 1867.11.28.288 (1, not found), NMV 46445 (1), RMNH 32445 (7), SMNS 10618 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:141-142 [ref. 26380]. Also appeared in Bleeker 1853:73 [ref. 339]. Lectotype selected by Böhlke 1995:465 [ref. 21738]. •Synonym of Siderea thrysoidea (Richardson 1845) -- (Randall et al. 1990:42 [ref. 15987], Böhlke 1995:463 [ref. 21738]). •Synonym of Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson 1845) -- (Böhlke & Smith 2002:142 [ref. 26380], Randall 2005:48 [ref. 28239], Smith 2012:28 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson 1845). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

schonlandi, Siderea Smith [J. L. B.] 1949:109 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 2 (no. 14) (art. 13); ref. 4077] Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Syntypes: (3 localities) SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 106 (primary specimen) Delagoa Bay, other syntypes not researched. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:146 [ref. 26380]. Eschmeyer et al. 1998:1521 [Cat. of Fishes] recognized RUSI as the primary specimen, but 3 localities were mentioned, and the maximum size given was much larger that RUSI 106 -- therefore syntypes. Böhlke & Smith 2002:146 [ref. 26380] treated RUSI 106 as the holotype. See Smith & Böhlke 2006:35 [ref. 28678] for remarks on types. •Synonym of Siderea grisea (Lacepède 1803) -- (Castle & McCosker 1986:174 [ref. 5645], Böhlke & Smith 2002:146 [ref. 26380]). •Synonym of Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Smith 2012:16 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède 1803). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

siderea, Muraena Richardson [J.] 1848:85, Pl. 48 (figs. 1-5) [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Western and northern shores of Australia; coast of New Guinea. Syntypes: BMNH 1846.9.11.16 (1), Australia, coll. Jukes. [1 syntype lost]. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:147 [ref. 26380]. Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493] regard BMNH 1846.9.11.16 as holotype, but it is a syntype. See Smith & Böhlke 2006:35 [ref. 28678] for remarks on types. •Synonym of Siderea picta (Ahl 1789) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:132 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:247 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & Smith 2002:147 [ref. 26380], Allen et al. 2006:254 [ref. 29005], Smith 2012:23 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

thyrsoidea, Muraena Richardson [J.] 1845:111 [Ichthyology.--Part 3. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur.; ref. 20575] [Canton] Guangdong Province, China, South China Sea, western Pacific. Lectotype: BMNH 2008.4.21.1. Paralectotypes: AMS I.100 (1), BMNH (1, lost or now AMS I.100). Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:150-151 [ref. 26380]. Not the same as Mureana thrysoides Richardson 1843, Pl. 49 (fig. 1) which was published first but not treated as valid; see Böhlke 1995:463 [ref. 21738]. Lectotype selected by Böhlke 1995:463 [ref. 21738]. •Valid as Siderea thrysoideus (Richardson 1845) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:133 [ref. 12442]). •Valid as Siderea thrysoidea (Richardson 1845) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:32 [ref. 25477], Kuiter 1993:33 [ref. 23929], Chen et al. 1994:54 [ref. 22258], Böhlke 1995:463 [ref. 21738], Allen 1997:52 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:30 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:42 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:51 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:84 [ref. 37268], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:115 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:35 [ref. 25480], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847], Zhang et al. 2010:249 [ref. 31511], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:59 [ref. 35264]). •Valid as Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson 1845) -- (Hatooka in Masuda et al. 1984:25 [ref. 6441], Chen et al. 1997:22 [ref. 26476], Böhlke & Randall 1999:553 [ref. 24552], Böhlke et al. 1999:1657 [ref. 24692], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:585 [ref. 25122], Shinohara et al. 2000:176 [ref. 25987], Randall & Earle 2000:7 [ref. 25806], Nakabo 2000:202 [ref. 25086], Böhlke & McCosker 2001:73 [ref. 25226], Nakabo 2002:202 [ref. 26001], Böhlke & Smith 2002:151 [ref. 26380], Allen & Adrim 2003:23 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:611 [ref. 27495] as thyrsoidea, Randall et al. 2004:7 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:48 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:256 [ref. 29005], Imamura 2009:20 [ref. 30434], Motomura et al. 2010:73 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:351 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:94 [ref. 31980], Smith 2012:28 [ref. 32155], Larson et al. 2013:26 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:21 [ref. 34464], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:4 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:108 [ref. 36167], Ho et al. 2015:161 [ref. 34130], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35333], Golani & Fricke 2018:23 [ref. 36273], Smith et al. 2019:31 [ref. 37159], Psomadakis et al. 2020:275 [ref. 37272], Ramos-Castro et al. 2020:83 [ref. 37651], Smith & Böhlke 2022:65 [ref. 39681], Murase et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40935], Vilasri et al. 2023:71 [ref. 40764] as thysoides, Allen & Erdmann 2024:104 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson 1845). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives and India east to the Line Islands(Kiribati) and Tuamotu Islands (French Polynesia), north to Taiwan, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia and Kermadec Islands (New Zealand). Habitat: marine.