Species that contain: Lagocephalus and lagocephalus [ 51 ] records

argenteus, Tetrodon Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1804:211, Pl. 58 (fig. 2) [Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 12515] West coast of New Holland. Syntypes: MNHN A-8326 (1), MNHN 0000-0314 (1). Type catalog: Le Danois 1962:472 [ref. 21440] with types as above. Original genus should have been Tetraodon. •Synonym of Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin 1789) -- (Hoese et al. 2006:1922 [ref. 29099]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin 1789). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

balias, Chirus Cope [E. D.] 1873:28 [5] [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 13 (for 17 Jan. 1873); ref. 929] Captains Harbor, Unalaska, Aleutians Islands, Alaska, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 12233. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:112 [ref. 13621]. On p. 5 of separate. •Questionably a synonym of Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas 1810) -- (Rutenberg 1962:51 [ref. 24028]). •Synonym of Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas 1810) -- (Rutenberg 1962:56 [ref. 24028]). •Synonym of Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas 1810) -- (Mecklenburg & Eschmeyer 2003:4 [ref. 27292], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:60 [ref. 35138]). Current status: Synonym of Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas 1810). Hexagrammidae: Hexagramminae. Habitat: marine.

bicolor, Tetraodon Brevoort [J. C.] 1856:283 [31] [Notes on some figures of Japanese fish taken from recent specimens by the artists of the U. S. Japan Expedition. Pp. 253-288, Pls. 3-12 (color) In: M. C. Perry, Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan.; ref. 17284] Simoda, Japan. No types known. On p. 31 of separate. Description made from a figure. •Synonym of Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin 1789). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin 1789). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

blochi, Lagocephalus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1841:fasc. 30, punt. 159 [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 512] New name for Lagocephalus stellatus of Swainson 1839 based on Bloch pl. 143. •Objective synonym of Tetraodon honckenii Bloch 1785. •Synonym of Amblyrhynchote honckenii (Bloch 1785). Current status: Synonym of Amblyrhynchote honckenii (Bloch 1785). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

blochii, Tetraodon Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:75 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Kalk Bay, South Africa. No types known. •Possible synonym of Lagocephalus sceleratus (Foster 1788) -- (Smith & Heemstra 1986:901 [ref. 5714] with genus as Tetrodon). •Synonym of Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin 1789) -- (Matsuura 2022:471 [ref. 40261] with question). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin 1789). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleus, Gobius Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1800:537, 560 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types preserved. Based on manuscript description by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). Bauchot et al. 1991:55 [ref. 19958] indicated that two spellings were used: coeruleus on p. 537 and caeruleus on p. 560 and selected coeruleus, but CAS copy has only caeruleus. No types at MNHN: Bauchot et al. 1991:55 [ref. 19958]. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:194, 232 (vol. 7) [ref. 30473]. •Valid as Sicyopterus caeruleus (Lacepède 1800) -- (Maugé 1986:384 [ref. 6218], Fricke 1999:521 [ref. 24106], Buden et al. 2001:6 [ref. 25496]). •Possibly the same as Sicyopterus laticeps (Valenciennes 1837) -- (Sparks & Nelson 2004:4 [ref. 27700] with author as Commerson). •Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Watson et al. 2000:13 [ref. 25138], Keith et al. 2015:102 [ref. 34328], Larson 2022:179 [ref. 39971]). Current status: Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770). Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cheesemanii, Tetrodon Clarke [F. E.] 1897:248 [Transactions of the New Zealand Institute v. 29 (art. 16) (for 1896); ref. 14630] Motouroa, Taranaki, New Zealand. Neotype: NMNZ P.18876. Original genus should have been spelled Tetraodon. Neotype designated by Matsuura & Satoh 2016:[4] [ref. 34732]. •Valid as Sphoeroides cheesemanii (Clarke 1897) -- (Paulin et al. 1989:245 [ref. 24556] as cheesemani). •Valid as Lagocephalus cheesemanii (Clarke 1897) -- (Hoese et al. 2006:1921 [ref. 29099], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1736 [ref. 34322], Matsuura & Satoh 2016:[1] [ref. 34732], Motomura et al. 2017:237 [ref. 35490], Kim et al. 2020:203 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:621 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:131 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Lagocephalus cheesemanii (Clarke 1897). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Myanmar and Andaman Sea east to Indonesia, Korea, China, Vietnam, Philippines, north to central Japan, south to eastern Australia and New Zealand region. Habitat: marine.

eudentatus, Sicyopterus Parenti [L. R.] & Maciolek [J. A.] 1993:964, Figs. 10, 11B, 12B [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 53 (no. 3); ref. 21279] 4th tributary of Nanpil River, Ponape, eastern Caroline Islands. Holotype: CAS 67387. Paratypes: BPBM 35018 [ex CAS 67389] (1); CAS 67385-86 (2), 67390-94 (5), 67395 (4, 2 c&s), 67396 (1, c&s), 67397 (1, c&s); ROM 64671 [ex CAS 67395] (1); USNM 322473 [ex CAS 67388] (1). •Questionably a synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Watson et al. 2000:13 [ref. 25138]). •Questionably a synonym of Sicyopterus macrostetholepis (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat 2013:428 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Sicyopterus eudentatus Parenti & Maciolek 1993 -- (Buden et al. 2001:7 [ref. 25496], Larson & Murdy 2001:3602 [ref. 26293], Keith et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34328]). Current status: Valid as Sicyopterus eudentatus Parenti & Maciolek 1993. Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Ponape. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

exilis, Lagocephalus Tanaka [S.] 1916:27 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 28 (no. 327); ref. 15074] Tokyo fish market, Japan. Holotype (unique): ZUMT 6202. Species originally published in Japanese in above reference, later illustrated and described in more detail in English and Japanese in Tanaka 1916:412, Pl. 112 (fig. 335) [ref. 14938]. •Synonym of Lagocephalus oceanicus Jordan & Evermann 1904 -- (Lindberg et al. 1997:158 [ref. 23547]). •Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

extraneus, Sicyopterus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1927:311, Fig. 4 [Monographs, Bureau of Science Manila Monogr. 23; ref. 2104] Cabalian, Leyte Island, Philippines. Syntypes: BSMP 10588 and 26884-87 (5) destroyed, seen by Koumans. Additional material: (3) BSMP (1) presumed destroyed. Type catalog: Koumans 1940:193 [ref. 2676]. •Valid as Sicyopterus extraneus Herre 1927 -- (authors). •Synonym of Sicyopterus macrostetholepis (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat 2013:428 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Watson et al. 2000:13 [ref. 25138], Keith et al. 2015:102 [ref. 34328]). Current status: Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770). Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

gloveri, Lagocephalus Abe [T.] & Tabeta [O.] 1983:2, Pls. 1-3 [Uo (Japanese Society of Ichthyologists) No. 32; ref. 8386] Futo, Ito City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Holotype: ZUMT 54324. Paratypes: SMF 17695 (1), ZUMT 54325 (1). •Synonym of Lagocephalus guntheri Ribeiro 1915 -- (Smith & Heemstra 1986:901 [ref. 5714] with doubt, as guentheri). •Valid as Lagocephalus gloveri Abe & Tabeta 1983 -- (Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:639, 749 [ref. 8056], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1431 [ref. 25182], Matsuura 2001:3957 [ref. 26317], Nakabo 2002:1431 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:453, 697 [ref. 26218], Shinohara et al. 2005:444 [ref. 28370], Matsuura 2009:337 [ref. 31171], Motomura et al. 2010:238 [ref. 31256], Matsuura et al. 2011:165 [ref. 31987], Wu et al. 2011:622 [ref. 32150]). •Synonym of Lagocephalus cheesemanii (Clarke 1897) -- (Matsuura & Satoh 2016:[1] [ref. 34732]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus cheesemanii (Clarke 1897). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

guentheri, Lagocephalus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1915:Tetrodontidae p. 5 [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 17; ref. 3711] Brazil [probably erroneous, ref. 31987]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1848.10.12.1. On p. 155 when continuously paginated. Name spelled güntheri originally but here corrected to guentheri. Based on Tetrodon lunaris var. b of Günther 1870:275 [ref. 1995]. Apparently named for A. Günther on his var. b, so guentheri would be correct. •Valid as Lagocephalus guentheri Miranda Ribeiro 1915 -- (Smith & Heemstra 1986:900 [ref. 5714] with question, Abe 1987:6 [ref. 11636], Randall 1995:403 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:240 [ref. 23922], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Matsuura et al. 2011:164 [ref. 31987], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:434 [ref. 33460], Psomadakis et al. 2015:338 [ref. 34104], Matsuura & Satoh 2016:[6] [ref. 34732], Ali et al. 2018:346 [ref. 36183], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[22] 260 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:388 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:182 [ref. 36273], Artüz & Fricke 2019:561 [ref. 36612], Eagderi et al. 2019:138 [ref. 37020], Bariche & Fricke 2020:150 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 30 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:622 [ref. 37272], Golani 2021:89 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:63 [ref. 39014], Kaleshkumar et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38263], Matsuura 2022:469 [ref. 40261]). Current status: Valid as Lagocephalus guentheri Miranda Ribeiro 1915. Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea and Sea of Marmara (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

gymnauchen, Sicydium Bleeker [P.] 1858:11 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 3 (art. 11); ref. 361] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Syntypes: (over 300) RMNH 6191 (many of 1946 specimens), ?RMNH 6169 (?). •Valid as Sicyopterus gymnauchen (Bleeker 1858) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:969 [ref. 20764], Parenti & Maciolek 1993:963 [ref. 21279]). •Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Watson et al. 2000:13 [ref. 25138]). •Synonym of Sicyopterus macrostetholepis (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat 2013:428 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Sicyopterus macrostetholepis (Bleeker 1853). Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

halei, Sicydium Day [F.] 1888:794 [The fishes of India Suppl.; ref. 1082] Sri Lanka. Holotype (unique): ? Colombo Mus., whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:161 [ref. 23762]. Type information: Pethiyagoda 1991:336 [ref. 20075]. •Valid as Sicyopterus halei (Day 1888) -- (Pethiyagoda 1991:253 [ref. 20075]). •Synonym of Sicyopterus macrostetholepis (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat 2013:428 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Watson et al. 2000:13 [ref. 25138], Keith et al. 2015:102 [ref. 34328]). Current status: Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770). Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

inana, Bryanina Fowler [H. W.] 1932:10, Fig. 5 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 9 (no. 25); ref. 1413] Vai Tuoru River, Papenoo Valley, Tahiti, Society Islands, elevation 350 feet. Holotype: BPBM 3494. Paratypes: ANSP 54239 (1); BPBM 5302-03 (4, 1); USNM 109379 (1). Type catalog: Koumans 1940:157 [ref. 2676], Böhlke 1984:107 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Sicyopterus gymnauchen (Bleeker 1858). •Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Watson et al. 2000:13 [ref. 25138]). •Synonym of Sicyopterus macrostetholepis (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat 2013:428 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Sicyopterus macrostetholepis (Bleeker 1853). Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

inermis, Tetraodon Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1850:278, Pl. 122 (fig. 2) [Fauna Japonica Last part (15); ref. 4375] Bay of Simabara, Japan. Holotype (unique): RMNH D2265 (dry). Type catalog: Boeseman 1947:199 [ref. 12876]. Spelled inervis by Michajlova 1989:26 [ref. 20062]. •Valid as Lagocephalus inermis (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Smith & Heemstra 1986:901 [ref. 5714], Allen & Swainston 1988:156 [ref. 25477], Cheng & Zhou 1997:476 [ref. 26385] dated 1847, Lindberg et al. 1997:149 [ref. 23547], Allen 1997:248 [ref. 23977], Johnson 1999:755 [ref. 25471], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1430 [ref. 25182], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3957 [ref. 26317] dated 1844, Nakabo 2002:1430 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:453, 697 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:50 [ref. 27712] with author as Schlegel, Hoese et al. 2006:1921 [ref. 29099], Verruraj et al. 2011:3 [ref. 31496], Wu et al. 2011:622 [ref. 32150], Larson et al. 2013:237 [ref. 32988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:337 [ref. 34104], Matsuura & Satoh 2016:[6] [ref. 34732], Fricke et al. 2018:388 [ref. 35805], Eagderi et al. 2019:138 [ref. 37020], Kim et al. 2020:203 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:622 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:131 [ref. 37637], Mary et al. 2021:398 [ref. 38693], Matsuura 2022:469 [ref. 40261]). Current status: Valid as Lagocephalus inermis (Temminck & Schlegel 1850). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Korea and central Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

janthinus, Tetraodon (Anosmius) Vaillant [L. L.] & Sauvage [H.-E.] 1875:286 [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 3) v. 3; ref. 17853] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-9007. Type catalog: Le Danois 1962:472 [ref. 21440]. •Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Mundy 2005:536 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

jonklaasi, Gobius Axelrod [H. R.] 1972:F-300.10 (4 pp.), Color Figs. [Exotic tropical fishes. Looseleaf edition.; ref. 22712] Mountain streams, Sri Lanka. Not the same as Sicyopus jonklaasi described as new by Klausewitz & Henrich 1986. •Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Keith et al. 2019:166 [ref. 36794]). Current status: Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770). Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

laevigatus, Tetrodon Linnaeus [C.] (ex Garden) 1766:411 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Carolina [South Carolina, U.S.A.]. No types known. Original genus should have been spelled Tetraodon. Based on manuscript description by A. Garden [South Carolina]. •Valid as Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Herrera 1896:75 [ref. 39336], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:477 [ref. 14275], Roberts 1986:436 [ref. 6223], Robins & Ray 1986:305 [ref. 23100], Shipp 1990:1070 [ref. 19531], Boschung 1992:182 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:448 [ref. 23827], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:181 [ref. 25472], Cervigón 1996:119 [ref. 24489], Murdy et al. 1997:267 [ref. 23144], Aguilera 1998:53 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:517 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:355 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:81 [ref. 25466], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2000:401 [ref. 24427], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:171 [ref. 27754], Ebert 2001:76 [ref. 25494], Camargo & Isaac 2001:146 [ref. 27639], López et al. 2002:66 [ref. 26808], Shipp 2003:1994 [ref. 27120], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:110 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:185 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:923 [ref. 28815], Wirtz et al. 2007:42 [ref. 30263], Bañón & Santás 2011:1574 [ref. 31248], Di Dario et al. 2013:264 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:191 [ref. 32708], Fabiano et al. 2014:9 [ref. 33530], Matsuura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:3070 [ref. 34618], Nión et al. 2016:56 [ref. 35565], Marceniuk et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35324], Spier et al. 2018:19 [ref. 36103], Carneiro et al. 2019:224 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:308 [ref. 38139], Ribeiro et al. 2019:9 [ref. 36717], Bañón & Maño 2021:98 [ref. 38887], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:711 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:307 [ref. 39448], Carvalho-Filho 2023:283 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40463], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:117 [ref. 40726]). Current status: Valid as Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus 1766). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda and Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Argentina, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Spain and Portugal south to Namibia, including Madeira (Portugal), São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lagocephalus, Gobius Pallas [P. S.] 1770:14, Pl. 2 (figs. 6-7) [Spicilegia Zoologica v. 1 (fasc. 8); ref. 12293] Ravine St. Gilles, Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Neotype: SMF 28571. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:523 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Also neotype designation [SMF 28571] by "G. Marquet" in Watson et al. 2000:13 [ref. 25138] is invalid, not meeting the conditions of Article 75.3 of the Code. See discussion in Sparks & Nelson 2004:17 [ref. 27700]. Neotype validly selected by Kottelat 2007:693 [see ref. 30606]. Name placed on Official List in Opinion 2239. •Nomen dubium, incertae sedis in subfamily Sicydiinae -- (Sparks & Nelson 2004:17 [ref. 27700]). •Valid as Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Maugé 1986:383 [ref. 6218], Balon & Bruton 1994:25 [ref. 22317], Fricke 1999:523 [ref. 24106], Keith et al. 1999:116 [ref. 24548], Watson et al. 2000:13 [ref. 25138], Nakabo 2000:1159 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:62 [ref. 25191], Stiassny & Harrison 2000:152 [ref. 25252], Sasaki et al. 2001:2 [ref. 25228], Watson et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25349], Buden et al. 2001:6 [ref. 25496], Sakai et al. 2001:118 [ref. 25693], Allen et al. 2002:274 [ref. 25930], Keith et al. 2002:126 [ref. 31473], Nakabo 2002:1159 [ref. 26193], Keith et al. 2002:188 [ref. 26363], Myers & Donaldson 2003:642 [ref. 27495] dated 1774, Keith et al. 2004:117 [ref. 27828], Hoese & Larson 2006:1683 [ref. 29097], Fricke et al. 2009:103 [ref. 30213], Yonezawa et al. 2010:257 [ref. 30902], Keith et al. 2012:303 [ref. 31972], Kottelat 2013:428 [ref. 32989], Keith et al. 2015:102 [ref. 34328], Koeda et al. 2016:94 [ref. 35333], Maeda & Saeki 2018:260 [ref. 36339], Arndt & Fricke 2019:17 [ref. 36883], Akaike et al. 2021:30 [ref. 38809], Amick & Toko 2021:8 [ref. 38599], Keith et al. 2021:146 [ref. 38257], Larson 2022:179 [ref. 39971], Praveenraj et al. 2022:[9] [ref. 39577], Donaldson et al. 2023:[2] [ref. 40378], Ito & Shono 2023:26 [ref. 39898], Jamandre 2023:169 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770). Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Comoros, Réunion, Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to French Polynesia, north to Kochi Prefecture (Japan), south to New Caledonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lagocephalus, Labrax Pallas [P. S.] 1810:384, Pl. 22 (fig. 1) [Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 2; ref. 3350] Kuril Islands. Lectotype: ZMB 11371 (dry). Type catalog: Paepke & Fricke 1992:281 [ref. 19946]. Also described in Pallas 1814:277 [ref. 3351]. Lectotype selected by Svetovidov 1978:26 [ref. 6025]. The species lagocephalus and superciliosus were described in the same work; Quast (1964 [ref. 26217]) apparently is the first reviser, selecting lagocephalus over superciliosus; superciliosus is sometimes treated as a separate species (see Mecklenburg & Eschmeyer 2003:3 [ref. 27292]). Type information: Svetovidov 1978:24 [ref. 6025]. •Valid as Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas 1810) -- (Rutenberg 1962:51 [ref. 24028], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:155 [ref. 9277], Amaoka in Masuda et al. 1984:320 [ref. 6441], Kendall & Vinter 1984:12 [ref. 26201], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:130 [ref. 15964], Matarese et al. 1989:354 [ref. 26885], McAllister 1990:191 [ref. 14674], Shinohara 1994:79 [ref. 21519], Cheng & Zhou 1997:427 [ref. 26385], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:9 [ref. 24670], Nakabo 2000:625 [ref. 25086], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:26 [ref. 25650], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:395 [ref. 25968], Nakabo 2002:625 [ref. 26001], Parin et al. 2002:S66 [ref. 28300], Mecklenburg & Eschmeyer 2003:4 [ref. 27292], Fedorov et al. 2003:62 [ref. 27579], Nelson et al. 2004:118 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:82 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:228 [ref. 33547], Pietsch & Orr 2015:36 [ref. 34694], Tohkairin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 35331], Kells et al. 2016:158 [ref. 35888], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:60 [ref. 35138], Burton & Lea 2019:64 [ref. 37205], Dyldin et al. 2021:59 [ref. 38804], Love et al. 2021:115 [ref. 39279], Dyldin & Orlov 2022:37 [ref. 38972]). Current status: Valid as Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas 1810). Hexagrammidae: Hexagramminae. Distribution: North Pacific: Yellow Sea and Sea of Okhotsk (Japan) north to Bering Sea and Aleutian-Commander chain; eastern Pacific south to central California (U.S.A.). Habitat: brackish, marine.

lagocephalus, Salmo Pallas [P. S.] 1814:372 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum 1792) -- (Berg 1948:173 [ref. 12882], Okada 1961:311 [ref. 6363], Svetovidov 1973:147 [ref. 7169], Dorofeeva & Savvaitova 1998:32 [ref. 23574], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:678 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lagocephalus, Tetraodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:332 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India [Indian Ocean]. Syntypes: NRM LP 81 (1), ?NRM 8789 (1). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:278-279 [ref. 20707]. •Valid as Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tortonese 1973:645 [ref. 7192], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:298 [ref. 9277], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:1343 [ref. 13677], Robins & Ray 1986:306 [ref. 23100], Smith & Heemstra 1986:901 [ref. 5714], Scott & Scott 1988:567 [ref. 25518], Paulin et al. 1989:245 [ref. 24556], McAllister 1990:226 [ref. 14674], Shipp 1990:1070 [ref. 19531], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:181 [ref. 25472], Gomon et al. 1994:906 [ref. 22532], Bussing in Fischer et al. 1995:1634 [ref. 22830], Cervigón 1996:119 [ref. 24489], Santos et al. 1997:115 [ref. 23531], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:650 [ref. 24023], Arruda 1997:122 [ref. 24952], Fricke 1999:611 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:355 [ref. 25013], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Matsuura 2001:3957 [ref. 26317], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:157 [ref. 26753], Shipp 2003:1995 [ref. 27120], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:651 [ref. 27495], Parin 2003:S34 [ref. 28536], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:110 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:185 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:180 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:536 [ref. 28379], Hoese et al. 2006:1921 [ref. 29099], Fricke et al. 2007:117 [ref. 29533], Randall 2007:495 [ref. 30952], Fricke 2008:59 [ref. 30182], Matsuura 2008:852 [ref. 30661], Fricke et al. 2009:122 [ref. 30213], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:75 [ref. 36649], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:195 [ref. 30957], Bañon et al. 2010:24 [ref. 31029], Motomura et al. 2010:238 [ref. 31256], Wu et al. 2011:622 [ref. 32150], Page et al. 2013:191 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32972], Catelani et al. 2014:933 [ref. 37496], Parin et al. 2014:552 [ref. 33547], Psomadakis et al. 2015:337 [ref. 34104], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1737 [ref. 34322], Matsuura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:3071 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:460 [ref. 34668], Matsuura & Satoh 2016:[6] [ref. 34732], Kells et al. 2016:340 [ref. 35888], Fricke et al. 2018:388 [ref. 35805], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:S8 [ref. 36248], Brown et al. 2019:184 [ref. 36444], Burton & Lea 2019:101 [ref. 37205], Carneiro et al. 2019:225 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:102 [ref. 36864], Encarnação et al. 2019:6 [ref. 37002], Bariche & Fricke 2020:114 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 30 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:203 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2020:34 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:622 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:131 [ref. 37637], Bañón & Maño 2021:98 [ref. 38887], Iglésias et al. 2021:184 [ref. 38818], Kovačić et al. 2021:63 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:225 [ref. 39279], Mohanty et al. 2021:502 [ref. 38155], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:712 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:307 [ref. 39448], Matsuura 2022:470 [ref. 40261], Carvalho-Filho 2023:284 [ref. 40480], Del Moral Flores & Huidobro-Campos 2023:4 [ref. 40089], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:430 [ref. 40816], Vieira et al. 2023:21 [ref. 40759] as cf. lagocephalus). Current status: Valid as Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Japan, Gulf of California/Mexico) Habitat: marine.

laticeps, Sicydium Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1837:177 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 12; ref. 1006] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-0841 (1), 0000-0918 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1991:44 [ref. 19958]. •Valid as Sicyopterus laticeps (Valenciennes 1837) -- (Sparks & Nelson 2004:17 [ref. 27700], Kottelat 2013:428 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Maugé 1986:383 [ref. 6218], Fricke 1999:522 [ref. 24106], Keith et al. 2015:102 [ref. 34328], Larson 2022:179 [ref. 39971]). Current status: Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770). Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Distribution: Réunion Island and Mauritius (Mascarenes); apparently not Madagascar (if valid). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

leiopleura, Tetraodon Gray [J. E.] 1830:no page number, Pl. 87 (fig. 2) [Illustrations of Indian zoology; ref. 1878] Indian Ocean. No types known. Published about 30 Mar. 1830. •Synonym of Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Kottelat 2013:478 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Tetraodontidae.

lienardi, Gobius Bleeker [P.] 1874:77 [Poissons de Madagascar et de l'Ile la Réunion Part 4; ref. 443] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Based on 'Gobie bleu' of Liénard 1839:38 [ref. 17536] and Liénard 1840:297 [ref. 30337]; description quoted from Liénard. For date of publication (as laterst in Dec. 1974), see Kottelat 2013 [ref. 32740]. •Synonym of Sicyopterus caeruleus (Lacepède 1800) -- (Maugé 1986:384 [ref. 6218] with question, Fricke 1999:521 [ref. 24106]). •Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Larson 2022:179 [ref. 39971]). Current status: Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770). Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lineolatus, Tetrodon Poey [F.] 1868:432 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3505] Cuba. No types known. Original genus should have been spelled Tetraodon. •Synonym of Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Ebert 2001:92 [ref. 25494]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus 1766). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lunaris, Tetrodon Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:505 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Lectotype: ZMB 4227. Paralectotypes: ZMB 4226 (1), 8186 (1, stuffed). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:149 [ref. 24282]. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:149 [ref. 24282]. Original genus should have been spelled Tetraodon. •Valid as Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:300 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:286 [ref. 29757], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Smith & Heemstra 1986:901 [ref. 5714], Allen & Swainston 1988:156 [ref. 25477], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:1058 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:174 [ref. 23448], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:236 [ref. 24016], Goren & Dor 1994:75 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:403 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:625 [ref. 27969], Lindberg et al. 1997:151 [ref. 23547], Allen 1997:248 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:240 [ref. 23922], Fricke 1999:611 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:755 [ref. 25471], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1430 [ref. 25182], Ebert 2001:76 [ref. 25494], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3957 [ref. 26317], Nakabo 2002:1430 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:453, 697 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:50 [ref. 27712], Hoese et al. 2006:1921 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2009:337 [ref. 31171], Verruraj et al. 2011:3 [ref. 31496], Matsuura et al. 2011:167 [ref. 31987], Wu et al. 2011:622 [ref. 32150], Larson et al. 2013:237 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:478 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:232 [ref. 34464], Matsuura in Kimura et al. 2015:106 [ref. 34319], Psomadakis et al. 2015:337 [ref. 34104], Matsuura & Satoh 2016:[6] [ref. 34732], Motomura et al. 2017:237 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:346 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:388 [ref. 35805], Jawad et al. 2018:124 [ref. 36262], Eagderi et al. 2019:138 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:102 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 30 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:623 [ref. 37272], Kaleshkumar et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38263], Mary et al. 2021:398 [ref. 38693], Taki et al. 2021:499 [ref. 39830], Matsuura 2022:470 [ref. 40261], Vilasri et al. 2023:100 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Indonesia and Vietnam, north to South China Sea, south to northern Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

macrostetholepis, Sicydium Bleeker [P.] 1853:271 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 12580] Western Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): Probably in RMNH 6188. •Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Watson et al. 2000:13 [ref. 25138]). •Valid as Sicyopterus macrostetholepis (Bleeker 1853) -- (Akihito in Masuda et al. 1984:286 [ref. 6441], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:637 [ref. 25598], Kottelat et al. 1993:153 [ref. 23448], Larson & Murdy 2001:3603 [ref. 26293], Larson et al. 2008:151 [ref. 29532], Keith et al. 2012:304 [ref. 31972], Kottelat 2013:428 [ref. 32989], Keith et al. 2015:112 [ref. 34328], Miesen et al. 2016:95 [ref. 34492], Jamandre 2023:169 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Sicyopterus macrostetholepis (Bleeker 1853). Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia and the Philippines [anadromous]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

maritimus, Sicyopterus Fourmanoir [P.] 1955:205, Not Fig. 1 [Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar. Série A, Biologie Animale v. 9; ref. 12271] Domoni, Anjouan Island, Comoro Islands. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1991:61 [ref. 19958] who state Fourmanoir's Fig. 1 is not this species. •Synonym of Istigobius ornatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Maugé 1986:374 [ref. 6218]). •Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Larson 2022:179 [ref. 39971] with question). Current status: Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770). Gobiidae: Gobiinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

melanothos, Holocanthus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:24 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] American Ocean, Carolinas, U.S.A. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.175 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:246 [ref. 13434] but as holotype. •Synonym of Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Wheeler 1958:246 [ref. 13434], Ebert 2001:92 [ref. 25494]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus 1766). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

munnozius, Tetrodon Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:389 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. Spelled mugnozius on p. 379. Also appeared in Devincenzi 1925:317, 323 [ref. 20322] (spelled mugnozius on p. 323); Devincenzi treated as a synonym of Lagocephalus laevigatus Linnaeus [= Tetraodon laevigatus Linnaeus 1766]. Original genus should have been spelled Tetraodon. •Synonym of Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linaneus 1766) -- (Ebert 2001:92 [ref. 25494]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus 1766). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

nigridorsum, Lagocephalus lagocephalus Fowler [H. W.] 1944:308, 374, 376, 414, Fig. 265 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] North of Tres Marias Islands, Mexico, 22°03'N, 106°42'W. Holotype: ANSP 70293. Paratypes: ANSP 70284 (1), 70285-86 (2), 70287 (1). Additional material (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:161 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies nigridorsum Fowler 1944 -- (Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:612 [ref. 34923]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

nitidus, Spheroides Griffin [L. T.] 1921:356, Pl. 55 (fig. 2) [Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute v. 53 (art. 36); ref. 15343] Auckland Harbor and Tauranga Harbor, New Zealand. Syntypes: AIM MA 327 (1), 32173 (1). Original genus should have been Sphoeroides. Trnski personal communication (12/1/2017) on type status. •Valid as Sphoeroides nitidus Griffin 1921. •Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

oceanicus, Lagocephalus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1903:199 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2450] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50820. Paratypes: CAS-SU 7784 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:144 [ref. 12291]. If the subspecies oceanicus is recognized, then the oldest name for that subspecies is Tetraodon janthinus Vaillant & Sauvage 1875. •Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:368 [ref. 19756], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:1430 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1430 [ref. 26193], Motomura et al. 2010:238 [ref. 31256]). •Valid as Lagocephalus oceanicus Jordan & Evermann 1903 -- (Lindberg et al. 1997:158 [ref. 23547]). •Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Gomon et al. 1994:906 [ref. 22532], Parin 2003:S34 [ref. 28536], Mundy 2005:536 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:495 [ref. 30952], Wu et al. 2011:623 [ref. 32150], Parin et al. 2014:552 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

pachycephalus, Tetraodon Ranzani [C.] 1839:73 [9], Pl. 10 (figs. 2a-e) [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis v. 4 [1840]; ref. 18606] Brazil. Syntypes: MZUB 972 (2), 946 (1). Appeared first without description as Ranzani in Alessandrini 1838:433 [ref. 25852]. Dates to publication in a separate, on p. 9 and Pl. 3 in 1839; journal version in 1840. •Synonym of Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Shipp 2003:1994 [ref. 27120] but with authorship wrongly as Jordan & Rutter 1897, Matsuura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:3070 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus 1766). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

pennantii, Tetrodon Yarrell [W.] 1836:347, Fig. [A history of British fishes; ref. 4812] Cornish Coast of England. No types known. Replacement name for Tetraodon stellatus Donovan 1804, preoccupied by Tetrodon lagocephalus stellatus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Original genus should have been spelled Tetraodon. •Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:1343 [ref. 13677] with author as Swainson). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

pictus, Chirus Girard [C. F.] 1854:132 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 1817] San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 266 (2). •Synonym of Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas 1810) -- (Rutenberg 1962:56 [ref. 24028]). •Synonym of Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas 1810) -- (Mecklenburg & Eschmeyer 2003:4 [ref. 27292], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:60 [ref. 35138]). Current status: Synonym of Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas 1810). Hexagrammidae: Hexagramminae. Habitat: marine.

pseudommus, Lagocephalus Chu [Y.-T.] 1935:87 [The China Journal v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 13877] Chusan, Chekiang, China. Holotype: Uncat. 1. Additional material or syntypes: UMMZ 70297 (7). UMMZ specimens probably should not be considered types as they were referred with question as, "... are apparently the young of the same species." •Valid as Fugu pseudommus (Chu 1935) -- (Cheng & Zhou 1997:486 [ref. 26385], Wang et al. 2001:339 [ref. 26566]). •Valid as Takifugu pseudommus (Chu 1935) -- (Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:363 [ref. 6441], Lindberg et al. 1997:129 [ref. 23547], Nakabo 2000:1425 [ref. 25182], Song et al. 2001:129 [ref. 25468], Nakabo 2002:1425 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:453, 700 [ref. 26218], Kim et al. 2020:205 [ref. 39118]). •Synonym of Takifugu rubripes (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Dyldin et al. 2016:136 [ref. 34682], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:203 [ref. 35257]). Current status: Synonym of Takifugu rubripes (Temminck & Schlegel 1850). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

scaber, Hexagrammus Bean [T. H.] 1881:154 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (no. 210); ref. 223] Amchitka and Unalaska, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 23961 (1), 27920 (1). •Synonym of Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas 1810) -- (Rutenberg 1962:56 [ref. 24028]). •Synonym of Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas 1810) -- (Mecklenburg et al. 2002:395 [ref. 25968], Mecklenburg & Eschmeyer 2003:4 [ref. 27292], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:60 [ref. 35138]). Current status: Synonym of Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas 1810). Hexagrammidae: Hexagramminae. Habitat: marine.

sceleratus, Tetrodon Gmelin [J. F.] (ex Forster) 1789:1444 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] American [in error] and Pacific. No types known. Original genus should have been spelled Tetraodon. •Valid as Pleuranacanthus sceleratus (Gmelin 1789) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:302 [ref. 19754]). •Valid as Lagocephalus sceleratus (Forster 1789) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:156 [ref. 25477], Baranes & Golani 1993:312 [ref. 22372], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:302 [ref. 24014], Goren & Dor 1994:75 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:248 [ref. 23977], Johnson 1999:755 [ref. 25471], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:468 [ref. 25191]). •Valid as Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin 1789) -- (Dor 1984:286 [ref. 29757], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:639, 749 [ref. 8056], Smith & Heemstra 1986:901 [ref. 5714], Gomon et al. 1994:907 [ref. 22532], Randall 1995:404 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:625 [ref. 27969], Lindberg et al. 1997:155 [ref. 23547], Carpenter et al. 1997:240 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:416 [ref. 25488], Fricke 1999:611 [ref. 24106], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1430 [ref. 25182], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3957 [ref. 26317], Nakabo 2002:1430 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:453, 697 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:51 [ref. 27712] with author as Forster, Randall et al. 2004:32 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:647 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1922 [ref. 29099], Fricke et al. 2007:117 [ref. 29533], Matsuura 2008:852 [ref. 30661], Fricke et al. 2009:122 [ref. 30213], Iwatsubo et al. 2009:21 [ref. 30933], Motomura et al. 2010:238 [ref. 31256], Larson et al. 2013:237 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33932], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[22] 260 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:388 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:182 [ref. 36273], Artüz & Fricke 2019:561 [ref. 36612], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:102 [ref. 36864], Eagderi et al. 2019:138 [ref. 37020], Hoschke et al. 2019:161 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:102 [ref. 36871], Bariche & Fricke 2020:149 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 31 [ref. 38321], Kovačić et al. 2020:34 [ref. 37519], Moore et al. 2020:110 [ref. 37357], Sonoyama et al. 2020:131 [ref. 37637], Golani 2021:89 [ref. 38303], Kaleshkumar et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38263], Kovačić et al. 2021:63 [ref. 39014], Dulčić & Dragičević in Tiralongo et al. 2022:733 [ref. 39557], Gus'kov et al. 2022:74 [ref. 39564], Matsuura 2022:471 [ref. 40261], Tiralongo & Tibullo in Kapiris et al. 2024:203 [ref. 41067]). Current status: Valid as Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin 1789). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Philippines, north to central Japan, south to Kimberley (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea and Sea of Marmara (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

spadiceus, Tetrodon Richardson [J.] 1845:123, Pl. 58 (figs. 4-5) [Ichthyology.--Part 3. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur.; ref. 20575] China seas. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1970.3.3.1. Original genus should have been spelled Tetraodon. •Synonym of Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider 1801), but a valid subspecies -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:301 [ref. 19754]). •Valid as Gastrophysus spadiceus (Richardson 1845) -- (Chen et al. 1997:185 [ref. 26476], Cheng & Zhou 1997:477 [ref. 26385] dated 1844, Wu et al. 2011:622 [ref. 32150], Larson et al. 2013:237 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Lagocephalus spadiceus (Richardson 1845) -- (Tortonese 1973:645 [ref. 7192], Dor 1984:286 [ref. 29757], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:1344 [ref. 13677], Allen & Swainston 1988:156 [ref. 25477], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:1059 [ref. 20764], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:236 [ref. 24016], Goren & Dor 1994:75 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:403 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:626 [ref. 27969], Larson & Williams 1997:375 [ref. 23967], Allen 1997:248 [ref. 23977], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:254 [ref. 24754], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:105 [ref. 26368], Song et al. 2001:129 [ref. 25468], Ebert 2001:76 [ref. 25494], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3957 [ref. 26317] dated to 1844, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:157 [ref. 26753] dated to 1844, Golani 2005:64 [ref. 37112] dated 1844, Hoese et al. 2006:1922 [ref. 29099], Fricke et al. 2007:117 [ref. 29533], Matsuura 2010:39 [ref. 33271], Matsuura et al. 2011:165 [ref. 31987], Psomadakis et al. 2015:338 [ref. 34104], Matsuura & Satoh 2016:[6] [ref. 34732], Motomura et al. 2017:238 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:389 [ref. 35805], Matsuura in Kimura et al. 2018:309 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:138 [ref. 37020], Chakraborty et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37356], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 31 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:203 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:623 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:131 [ref. 37637], Sakai et al. 2021:[2] [ref. 38280], Vilasri et al. 2023:100 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Lagocephalus spadiceus (Richardson 1845). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Taiwan, north to Korea and central Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

stellatus, Tetrodon Anonymous (ex Commerson, Lacepède) 1798:683 [Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung 1798 (pt. 3) (no. 288) (for 25 Sept. 1798); ref. 24107] [Habitat mare Indicum circa insulam Mauricii] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Based on "Le Tétrodon étoilé" of Lacepède 1798:474, 483 [ref. 2708], which was based on a description in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). Most authors date to Tetrodon lagocephalus var. stellatus Bloch & Schneider 1801:503 [ref. 471]; however Fricke 1999:602 [ref. 24106] pointed out that the name correctly dates to Anonymous 1798:683 [ref. 13098]. •Valid as Arothron stellatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:372 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:305 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:285 [ref. 29757], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:365 [ref. 6441], Smith & Heemstra 1986:898 [ref. 5714], Allen & Swainston 1988:154 [ref. 25477], Paulin et al. 1989:245 [ref. 24556], Randall et al. 1990:474 [ref. 15987], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:1054 [ref. 20764], Kuiter 1993:422 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:168 [ref. 25479], Matsuura 1994:29 [ref. 21445], Goren & Dor 1994:74 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:402 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:624 [ref. 27969], Larson & Williams 1997:375 [ref. 23967], Lindberg et al. 1997:165 [ref. 23547], Allen 1997:244 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:239 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:410 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:474 [ref. 25919], Johnson 1999:755 [ref. 25471], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1427 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:468 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:286 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:22 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:125 [ref. 25868], Ebert 2001:30 [ref. 25494], Sakai et al. 2001:124 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Matsuura 2001:3956 [ref. 26317], Nakabo 2002:1427 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:453, 696 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:65 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:651 [ref. 27495], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:50 [ref. 27712], Randall et al. 2004:32 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:127 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3332 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:453 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:647 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1916 [ref. 29099], Larson et al. 2013:236 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Arothron stellatus (Anonymous 1798) -- (Fricke 1999:605 [ref. 24106], Fricke et al. 2009:121 [ref. 30213], Verruraj et al. 2011:6 [ref. 31496], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1090 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:273 [ref. 32706], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:434 [ref. 33460], Fricke et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:8 [ref. 33988] with authorship as Bloch & Schneider, 1801, Psomadakis et al. 2015:336 [ref. 34104], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1733 [ref. 34322], Matsuura 2016:[6] [ref. 34211] Koeda et al. 2016:114 [ref. 35333], Kwun et al. 2017:143 [ref. 37287], Ali et al. 2018:346 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:385 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:181 [ref. 36273], Jawad et al. 2018:124 [ref. 36262], Eagderi et al. 2019:137 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:334 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:102 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 30 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:201 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:618 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:130 [ref. 37637], Kaleshkumar et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38263], Mary et al. 2021:398 [ref. 38693], Kondo et al. 2022:34 [ref. 39156], Matsuura 2022:460 [ref. 40261], Noushad K. et al. 2024:46 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Arothron stellatus (Anonymous 1798). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to southern Korea, Chiba Prefecture (central Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Lord Howe Island (Australia) and northern New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

stellatus, Tetrodon Donovan [E.] 1804:6 unnum. pp., Pl. 66 [The natural history of British fishes, including scientific and general descriptions of the most interesting species, and an extensive selection of accurately finished coloured plates.; ref. 17408] England. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Tetraodon stellatus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Original genus should have been spelled Tetraodon. •Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tortonese 1973:645 [ref. 7192]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

stellatus, Tetrodon lagocephalus var. Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Commerson, ex Lacepède) 1801:503 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. Preoccupied by Tetrodon stellatus Anonymous 1798. Based on "Le Tétrodon étoilé" of Lacepède 1798:474, 483 [ref. 2708], which was based on a description in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). •Synonym of Arothron stellatus (Anonymous 1798) -- (Fricke 1999:605 [ref. 24106]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Arothron stellatus (Anonymous 1798). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.

suezensis, Lagocephalus Clark [E.] & Gohar [H. A. F.] 1953:56, Fig. 16 [Publications of the Marine Biological Station Al-Ghardaqa (Red Sea) No. 8; ref. 12688] Suez, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype: MBSH uncat. Paratypes: ?MBSH uncat. (20). •Valid as Lagocephalus suezensis Clark & Gohar 1953 -- (Dor 1984:287 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:75 [ref. 25356], Golani 1996:29 [ref. 22271], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:526 [ref. 26145], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:157 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:65 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:118 [ref. 29533], Iwatsubo et al. 2009:21 [ref. 30933] as widespread, Zenetos et al. 2010:412 [ref. 31201], Ben-Abdallah et al. 2011:71 [ref. 31254], Yoshida et al. 2013:232 [ref. 34464], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:434 [ref. 33460], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[22] 260 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:182 [ref. 36273], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:102 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:149 [ref. 37515], Psomadakis et al. 2020:623 [ref. 37272], Golani 2021:89 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:63 [ref. 39014], Matsuura 2022:471 [ref. 40261], Vilasri et al. 2023:100 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Lagocephalus suezensis Clark & Gohar 1953. Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Myanmar east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

superciliosus, Labrax Pallas [P. S.] 1810:388 [Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 2; ref. 3350] Unalaska Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, U.S.A. Syntypes: ZMB 11372 (1, dry), 11373 (1, dry). Type catalog: Paepke & Fricke 1992:281 [ref. 19946]. Also in Pallas 1814:279, Pl. 63 (fig. 1). Sometimes treated as a separate species. Type information: Svetovidov 1978:26 [ref. 6025]. •Valid as Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas 1810) -- (Rutenberg 1962:55 [ref. 24028], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:132 [ref. 15964], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:26 [ref. 25650], Parin et al. 2002:S67 [ref. 28300]). •Synonym of Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas 1810) -- (Kendall & Vinter 1984:20 [ref. 26201], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:395 [ref. 25968], Mecklenburg & Eschmeyer 2003:4 [ref. 27292], Crow et al. 2004:992 [ref. 27948], Parin et al. 2014:228 [ref. 33547], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:60 [ref. 35138] with question). Current status: Synonym of Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas 1810). Hexagrammidae: Hexagramminae. Habitat: marine.

taeniurum, Sicydium Günther [A.] 1877:183, Pl. 112 (fig. C) [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 4 (no. 13); ref. 14243] Fiji Islands; Vanuatu. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1881.10.18.5 (1) Fiji, Viti Levu; ?NMV A 5284 [ex Museum Godeffroy] (3) Fiji, Viti Levu. •Valid as Sicyopterus taeniurus (Günther 1877) -- (Maugé et al. 1992:221 [ref. 19910], Watson 1999:89 [ref. 23674], Marquet & Mary 1999:36 [ref. 23933], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Larson & Murdy 2001:3603 [ref. 26293]). •Synonym of Sicyopterus macrosetholepis (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat 2013:428 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Watson et al. 2000:13 [ref. 25138], Keith et al. 2015:102 [ref. 34328]). Current status: Synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770). Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tauae, Sicyopterus Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:410, Fig. 96 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Vaisigano River, Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Holotype (unique): USNM 51787 [not 51786]. Type catalog: Koumans 1940:126 [ref. 2676]. •Questionably a synonym of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) -- (Watson et al. 2000:13 [ref. 25138]). •Questionably a synonym of Sicyopterus macrostetholepis (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat 2013:428 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Sicyopterus macrostetholepis (Bleeker 1853). Oxudercidae: Sicydiinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tepa, Tetrodon Hamilton [F.] 1822:10, 362 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Ganges River estuaries, India. No types known. Original genus should have been spelled Tetraodon. •Synonym of Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Kottelat 2013:478 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Tetraodontidae.

wheeleri, Lagocephalus Abe [T.], Tabeta [O.] & Kitahama [K.] 1984:4, Pls. 2-3 [Uo (Japanese Society of Ichthyologists) No. 34; ref. 8258] Sagami Bay, off Manazuru, Japan. Holotype: ZUMT 54368. Paratypes: SMF 19427 (1), ZUMT 54369 (1). •Valid as Lagocephalus wheeleri Abe, Tabeta & Kitahama 1984 -- (Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Lindberg et al. 1997:153 [ref. 23547], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1431 [ref. 25182], Matsuura 2001:3957 [ref. 26317], Nakabo 2002:1431 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:453, 697 [ref. 26218], Wu et al. 2011:622 [ref. 32150]). •Synonym of Lagocephalus spadiceus (Richardson 1845) -- (Matsuura 2010:40 [ref. 33271], Sakai et al. 2021:[2] [ref. 38280]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus spadiceus (Richardson 1845). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine.