Species that contain: Microstoma and microstoma [ 62 ] records

argenteum, Microstoma Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:358, Pl. 544 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea; Sardinia; Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3668 (1), 0000-3671 (1). Based in part on Gasteropelecus microstoma Risso 1810. •Synonym of Microstoma microstoma (Risso 1810) -- (Cohen 1973:153 [ref. 6589], Cohen 1990:237 [ref. 14206]). Current status: Synonym of Microstoma microstoma (Risso 1810). Microstomatidae. Habitat: marine.

australis, Microstoma Gon [O.] & Stewart [A. L.] 2014:56, Figs. 1a-c [Zootaxa 3884 (no. 1); ref. 33569] New South Wales, off Cape Hawke, 32°19'S, 152°59'E, Australia, Midwater trawl, depth 0-366 meters. Holotype: AMS I.27328-002. Paratypes: AMS, NMNZ, SAIAB. •Valid as Microstoma australis Gon & Stewart 2014 -- (Gon & Stewart 2015:333 [ref. 34242]). Current status: Valid as Microstoma australis Gon & Stewart 2014. Microstomatidae. Distribution: Australia, New Zealand EEZ and Challenger Plateau. Habitat: marine.

bleekeri, Holocentrum Weber [M.] 1913:181 [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Karkaralong Island, Siboga station 129; Banda Island, Siboga station 240 [Indonesia]. Syntypes: (2) whereabouts unknown. Based on Holocentrum argenteum of Bleeker (not of Valenciennes); based on literature and on specimens. •Synonym of Sargocentron microstoma (Günther 1859) -- (Randall 1998:54 [ref. 23300]). Current status: Synonym of Sargocentron microstoma (Günther 1859). Holocentridae: Holocentrinae. Habitat: marine.

brachygnathus, Negogaleus Chu [Y.-T.] 1960:64, Figs. 58-59 [Cartilaginous fishes of China; ref. 21272] Yinge Hai, China. Holotype: SFI 55-1345. •Questionably a synonym of Hemigaleus microstoma Bleeker 1852 -- (Compagno 1984:439 [ref. 6846]). Current status: Uncertain as Hemigaleus microstoma Bleeker 1852. Hemigaleidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: marine.

elongata, Atherina Klunzinger [C. B.] 1879:259 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 16 (no. 22); ref. 18913] King George Sound, Western Australia. Syntypes: AMS I.29726-001 and -002 (slide of jaws and disintegrated remains), NMW 71920 (2), SMNS 12188 [ex 2574c] (4). Type catalog: Fricke 1992:5 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:13 [ref. 29864]. Also appeared in Klunzinger 1880:394 [70 of separate], Pl. 3 (fig. 4) [ref. 2624]. •Synonym of Atherinosoma microstoma (Günther 1861) -- (Pavlov et al. 1988:393 [ref. 12285]). •Valid as Atherina elongata Klunzinger 1879 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:356 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:377 [ref. 22532]). •Valid as Atherinosoma elongata (Klunzinger 1879) -- (Kuiter 1997:54 [ref. 25488], Hutchins 2001:25 [ref. 25847], Raadik 2008:397 [ref. 30624]). •Valid as Atherinosoma elongatum (Klunzinger 1879). Current status: Valid as Atherinosoma elongatum (Klunzinger 1879). Atherinidae: Atherininae. Distribution: Australia: South Australia and Western Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

endorae, Pranesella Whitley [G. P.] 1934:241, Fig. [The Victorian Naturalist (Melbourne) v. 50; ref. 4680] Altona, near Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Holotype: AMS IA.5908. Paratypes: AMS IA.5904 (3), IA.5909 (4). •Synonym of Atherinosoma microstoma (Günther 1861) -- (Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:214 [ref. 25473], Paxton et al. 1989:357 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:379 [ref. 22532], Paxton et al. 2006:704 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Synonym of Atherinosoma microstoma (Günther 1861). Atherinidae: Atherininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

habereri, Bryconaethiops microstoma var. Steindachner [F.] 1913:13, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. v. 89; ref. 14987] Dja River, Moloundou District [East Region], southeastern Cameroon. Holotype (unique): NMW 62749. Taxon not included in earlier abstract [ref. 18816]. Alestidae. Habitat: freshwater.

heraldoi, Pimelodus Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] 2001:194, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 25639] Rio Mogi-Guaçu in Emas, Município de Pirassununga, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 22713. Paratypes: MLP 9186 (1, c&s); MZUSP 21637 (3), 22695-96 (7, 18), 22712 (29), 38915 (6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:338 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Pimelodus heraldoi Azpelicueta 2001 -- (Lundberg & Littmann in Reis et al. 2003:439 [ref. 27061], Ribeiro & Lucena 2006:326 [ref. 28962], Ribeiro & Lucena 2007:77 [ref. 29174], Ferraris 2007:338 [ref. 29155], Azpelicueta et al. 2008:155 [ref. 29736]). •Synonym of Pimelodus microstoma Steindachner 1877 -- (Ribeiro & Lucena 2010:277 [ref. 30865]). Current status: Synonym of Pimelodus microstoma Steindachner 1877. Pimelodidae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

limbatus, Sternopygus Schreiner [C.] & Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1903:5, Fig. 1 [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 12 (for 1902); ref. 15045] Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 1186. Type catalog: Ferraris et al. 2017:[31] [ref. 35236]. •Synonym of Eigenmannia microstoma (Reinhardt 1852) -- (Mago-Leccia 1994:20 [ref. 21320]). •Valid as Eigenmannia limbata (Schreiner & Miranda Ribeiro 1903) -- (Albert in Reis et al. 2003:488 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:116 [ref. 35745] as cf. limbata, Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Peixoto et al. 2015:412 [ref. 33968], Peixoto & Wosiacki 2016:263 [ref. 34493], Dutra et al. 2017:89 [ref. 35186], Peixoto & Waltz 2017:[7] [ref. 35224], Ferraris et al. 2017:[31] [ref. 35236], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:66 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:72 [ref. 35773], Waltz & Albert 2018:410 [ref. 35854], Dutra et al. 2018:138 [ref. 35941], Peixoto & Ohara 2019:24 [ref. 36930], Ochoa et al. 2020:64 [ref. 37781], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:20 [ref. 39298], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760] as cf. limbata, Torgersen et al. 2023:781 [ref. 40692]). Current status: Valid as Eigenmannia limbata (Schreiner & Miranda Ribeiro 1903). Sternopygidae: Eigenmanniinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, ?Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

lincolnensis, Atherinosoma microstoma Whitley [G. P.] 1941:17 [Australian Zoologist v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 4701] Port Lincoln, South Australia. Holotype: AMS IB.662. Paratypes: AMS IB.663 (1), IB.664 (5). •Synonym of Atherinosoma presbyteroides (Richardson 1843) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:357 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Leptatherina presbyteroides (Richardson 1843) -- (Paxton et al. 2006:712 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Synonym of Leptatherina presbyteroides (Richardson 1843). Atherinidae: Atherininae. Habitat: marine.

luguhuensis, Schizothorax Zhuang [D.-D.], Zhang [K.-X.] & Gao [L.-C.] in Wang, Zhuang, Zhang & Gao 1981:330 [333], Fig. 3 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 8529] Luoshui, Lake Luguhu, Yizu Autonomous District, Yunnan Province, China, elevation 3000 meters. Holotype: ECSFRI SH78-0404. Paratypes: (19) ECSFRI and NIGLAS. English description on p. 333. •Synonym of Racoma microstoma (Huang 1982) -- (Wu & Wu 1992:311 [ref. 21205] in part). •Synonym of Racoma labrosa (Wang, Zhuang & Gao 1981) -- (Wu & Wu 1992:314 [ref. 21205] in part). •Synonym of Schizothorax microstomus Hwang 1982 -- (Mo in Chu & Chen 1989:308 [ref. 13584] in part, Chen & Huang in Chen 1998:210 [ref. 23556] in part, Chen & Cao et al. in Yue 2000:313 [ref. 25272]). •Synonym of Schizothorax labrosus Wang, Zhuang & Gao 1981 -- (Mo in Chu & Chen 1989:305 [ref. 13584] in part, Chen & Huang in Chen 1998:217 [ref. 23556] in part, Chen & Cao et al. in Yue 2000:324 [ref. 25272], Zhang et al. 2016:123 [ref. 34477] with author as Wang, Gao & Zhang and synonym of Schizothorax microstomus on p. 124, Zhang et al. 2019:314 [ref. 36699]). Current status: Synonym of Schizothorax labrosus Wang, Zhuang & Gao 1981. Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae. Habitat: freshwater.

machlani, Hemigaleus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1929:231 [Philippine Journal of Science v. 40 (no. 2); ref. 10968] Jolo, Sulu Province, Philippines. Holotype: BSMP 11429 (presumed destroyed). •Questionably a synonym of Hemigaleus microstoma Bleeker 1852 -- (Compagno 1984:439 [ref. 6846]). •Tentatively valid as Hemigaleus machlani Herre 1929 -- (Compagno et al. 2005:34 [ref. 29145]). •Synonym of Hemigaleus microstoma Bleeker 1852 -- (Last el al. 2010:81[ref. 32461]). Current status: Synonym of Hemigaleus microstoma Bleeker 1852. Hemigaleidae. Habitat: marine.

mediterranea, Microstoma Cuvier [G.] 1837:no page number, Pl. 59 [The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization Vol. 2. Reptiles-fishes.; ref. 26487] Still researching, apparently in Anim. Kingdom, v. 2, Edition 3. •In the synonymy of Microstoma microstoma (Risso 1810) -- (Cohen 1973:153 [ref. 6589], Cohen 1990:237 [ref. 14206]). Current status: Synonym of Microstoma microstoma (Risso 1810). Microstomatidae. Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Arnoglossus laterna var. Kyle [H. M.] 1913:64, Figs. 9-9a [Dana Report No. 1; ref. 14962] Mediterranean Sea; off western Europe, northeastern Atlantic. No types known. •Synonym of Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum 1792) -- (Nielsen 1973:621 [ref. 6885], Aldebert et al. 1990:1029 [ref. 19526]). Current status: Synonym of Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum 1792). Bothidae. Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Atherina Günther [A.] 1861:401 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Tasmania, Australia. Syntypes: BMNH 1845.8.5.46 (3). Whitley 1943:133 [ref. 4702] figured a lectotype but without sufficient information to determine the specimen. •Valid as Atherinosoma microstoma (Günther 1861) -- (Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:91 [ref. 25473], Pavlov et al. 1988:393 [ref. 12285], Paxton et al. 1989:356 [ref. 12442], Kuiter 1993:67 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:378 [ref. 22532], Ivantsoff & Crowley in McDowall 1996:132 [ref. 22909], Kuiter 1997:54 [ref. 25488], Allen et al. 2002:141 [ref. 25930], Hammer & Walker 2004:88 [ref. 28129], Paxton et al. 2006:704 [ref. 28995], Raadik 2008:397 [ref. 30624], Hammer et al. 2012:64 [ref. 32389], Kuiter 2018:25 [ref. 36369]). Current status: Valid as Atherinosoma microstoma (Günther 1861). Atherinidae: Atherininae. Distribution: Southeastern and southern Australia: New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

microstoma, Bajacalifornia Sazonov [Yu. I.] 1988:1593, Fig. [Zoologicheskii Zhurnal v. 67 (no. 10) (for Oct. 1988); ref. 14118] South China Sea, 11°09'N, 110°10'E, depth 1000-1280. Holotype: ZMMU P-16672. Paratypes: ZMMU P-14516 (1). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:32 [ref. 25714]. •Valid as Bajacalifornia microstoma Sazonov 1988 -- (Miya & Markle 1993:746 [ref. 20988], Sazonov & Markle 1999:1893 [ref. 24739], Sazonov & Williams 2001:S11 [ref. 26712]). Current status: Valid as Bajacalifornia microstoma Sazonov 1988. Alepocephalidae. Distribution: Tropical Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Barbus intermedius Bini [G.] 1940:168, Pl. 6 [Missione di Studio al Lago Tana, Roma v. 3; ref. 13041] Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Syntypes: (12) lost. Name appears first on p. 160. •Synonym of Barbus intermedius Rüppell 1835 -- (Lévêque & Daget 1984:254 [ref. 6186]). •Not collected -- (Nagelkerke & Sibbing 1997:146 [ref. 23829]). •Synonym of Labeobarbus intermedius (Rüppell 1835) -- (Vreven et al. 2016:60 [ref. 34168]). Current status: Synonym of Labeobarbus intermedius (Rüppell 1835). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Belone Basilewsky [S.] 1855:260 [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] "Mari provinciam Shandun'ensem alluente", China. No types at ZIN. •Incertae sedis in Hemiramphidae -- (Collette 2004:28 [ref. 27583]). Hemiramphidae.

microstoma, Bryconaethiops Günther [A.] 1873:143 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 12 (no. 68) (art. 19); ref. 2003] Boma, Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1873.7.28.25-26 (2). •Valid as Bryconaethiops microstoma Günther 1873 -- (Paugy 1984:166 [ref. 6183], Poll & Gosse 1995:139 [ref. 24781], De Vos et al. 2001:129, 131 [ref. 26059], Ibala Zamba et al. 2007:1214, 1223 [ref. 29470], Paugy & Schaefer 2007:361 [ref. 30022], Skelton 2019:233 [ref. 36564], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Fermon et al. 2022:148 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Bryconaethiops microstoma Günther 1873. Alestidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Congo River basin (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola). Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Chascanopsetta Kuronuma [K.] 1940:51, Fig. 7 [Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 2701] Off Heta, Suruga Bay, Japan, depth about 300 meters. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Chascanopsetta microstoma Kuronuma 1940 -- (Amaoka in Okamura et al. 1982:407 [ref. 8256]). •Synonym of Chascanopsetta lugubris Alcock 1894 -- (Amaoka & Yamamoto 1984:210 [ref. 5632]). Current status: Synonym of Chascanopsetta lugubris Alcock 1894. Bothidae. Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Cheilio Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:353 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] No definite locality; likely India. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8681. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:20-21 [ref. 19171], Bauchot & Daget 1996:243 [ref. 22899]. •Synonym of Cheilio inermis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:9 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilio inermis (Forsskål 1775). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Conger Eydoux [J. F. T.] & Souleyet [F. A.] 1850:205, Pl. 9 (fig. 3) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 4501] Macao, China. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-2736. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:106 [ref. 20810]. •Synonym of Pisodonophis boro (Hamilton 1822) -- (Bauchot et al. 1993:106 [ref. 20810], Kottelat 2013:47 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Synonym of Pisodonophis boro (Hamilton 1822). Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

microstoma, Crenilabrus Thompson [W.] (ex Couch) 1837:55 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 5 (1837) (54); ref. 4388] Cornwall, England. No types known. Name is from Couch but specimen described is by Thompson who is regarded as the author. Appeared also in Thompson 1838:446 [ref. 19964] and in Couch, Cornish Fauna, 1838:39 [not yet investigated]. •Synonym of Centrolabrus exoletus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:430 [ref. 7204], Parenti & Randall 2000:7 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Centrolabrus exoletus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Crossocheilus Ciccotto [P. J.] & Page [L. M.] in Ciccotto, Pfeiffer & Page 2017:281, Figs. 2B, 9 [Copeia v. 105 (no. 2); ref. 35402] Rocky channel in mainstream of Sungai Pinoh at Nanga Saian, 45 km south of Nangapinoh, Kapuas River drainage, West Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia, 0.72S, 111.642E. Holotype: USNM 230159. Paratypes: BMNH 1982.3.29.1 (1), CAS, USNM. •Valid as Crossocheilus microstoma Ciccotto & Page 2017. Current status: Valid as Crossocheilus microstoma Ciccotto & Page 2017. Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Distribution: Kapuas basin, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Cyclocheilichthys Pellegrin [J.] & Chevey [P.] 1936:227, Fig. 5 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 61 (no. 3); ref. 13735] Ba Mun (Nam So), affluent of the Noire River, Tonkin, Vietnam. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1935-0340. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:42 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Cyclocheilichthys iridescens (Nichols & Pope 1927) -- (Mai 1978:91 [ref. 13511]). •Synonym of Acrossocheilus iridescens (Nichols & Pope 1927) -- (Kottelat 2001:17 [ref. 25482], Kottelat 2001:38 [ref. 25780]). •Valid as Acrossocheilus microstoma (Pellegrin & Chevey 1936) -- (Kottelat 2013:72 [ref. 32989], Yuan et al. 2015:161 [ref. 34103] as microstomus). Current status: Valid as Acrossocheilus microstoma (Pellegrin & Chevey 1936). Cyprinidae: Acrossocheilinae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Garra Mai [D. Y.] 1978:60, Fig. 25 [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Fast-running Creeks and Na-Ri River, Bac Can Province, northern Vietnam. Syntypes: DVZUT (lost). •Valid as Discogobio microstoma (Mai 1978) -- (Kottelat 2001:22 [ref. 25482], Kottelat 2013:100 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Discogobio microstoma (Mai 1978). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Gasteropelecus Risso [A.] 1810:356 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3668 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:308 [ref. 293]. Serpe not Latinized, original genus as above. Lectotype selected by Cohen 1958:134 [ref. 13649]. •Valid as Microstoma microstoma (Risso 1810) -- (Cohen in Whitehead et al. 1984:390 [ref. 13675], Paxton et al. 1989:167 [ref. 12442], Cohen 1973:153 [ref. 6589], Cohen 1986:215 [ref. 5646], Paulin et al. 1989:83 [ref. 24556], Cohen 1990:236 [ref. 14206], Santos et al. 1997:26 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:40 [ref. 24952], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:374 [ref. 23897], Porteiro et al. 1999:27 [ref. 24203], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:40 [ref. 26753], Carter & Hartel 2003:868 [ref. 27000], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:43 [ref. 27192], Mundy 2005:156 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:378 [ref. 28994], Fricke et al. 2007:55 [ref. 29533], Gon & Stewart 2014:56 [ref. 33569], Hartel & Orrell 2016:1755 [ref. 34565], Carneiro et al. 2019:83 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:82 [ref. 38139], Sutton et al. 2020:34 [ref. 37832], Kovačić et al. 2021:51 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:164 [ref. 39448], Love et al. 2021:48 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:81 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Microstoma microstoma (Risso 1810). Microstomatidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in warm seas (including Mediterranean Sea). Temperate and tropical Atlantic endemic [ref. 34565]. Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1922:695, Fig. 10 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1921 (pt 4) (no. 36); ref. 3673] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Syntypes: (2) BMNH 1908.10.27.89 (1), 1921.9.6.125 (1). •Synonym of Haplochromis pleurotaenia (Boulenger 1901) -- (Trewavas 1946:244 [ref. 35931]). •Synonym of Protomelas pleurotaenia (Boulenger 1901) -- (Maréchal 1991:390 [ref. 20944]). Current status: Synonym of Protomelas pleurotaenia (Boulenger 1901). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Hemigaleus Bleeker [P.] 1852:46, Pl. 2 (fig. 9) [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (art. 12); ref. 333] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2) BMNH 1867.11.28.173 (1). •Valid as Hemigaleus microstoma Bleeker 1852 -- (Compagno 1984:439 [ref. 6846], Paxton et al. 1989:81 [ref. 12442], Last & Stevens 1994:218 [ref. 23873], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:59 [ref. 27969], Compagno 1998:1309 [ref. 23785], Compagno 1999:482 [ref. 25589], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:579 [ref. 25122], Johnson 2001:719 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:14 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S92 [ref. 27377], Bonfil & Abdallah 2004:25 [ref. 27735], White et al. 2005:37, 47 [ref. 28574], Compagno et al. 2005:33 [ref. 29145], Last el al. 2010:80 [ref. 32461], Weigmann 2012:9 [ref. 31968], White & Harris 2013:183 [ref. 33038], Ebert et al. 2013:327 [ref. 33045], Weigmann 2016:27 [ref. 34211], Golani & Fricke 2018:13 [ref. 36273], Kumar et al. 2018:296 [ref. 36178], Psomadakis et al. 2020:172 [ref. 37272], Knuckey & Ebert 2022:506 [ref. 39658]). Current status: Valid as Hemigaleus microstoma Bleeker 1852. Hemigaleidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden east to Indonesia and New Guinea, north to China, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Holocentrum Günther [A.] 1859:34 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 1; ref. 1961] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Lectotype: BMNH 1858.4.21.235. Paralectotypes: BMNH 2012.11.10.1 (1). Also listed was Plate VI. fig. A, but on preface p. vi it is stated, "The Plates referred to, and executed by Mr. Ford, will be published as a separate volume." Lectotype selected by Randall & Heemstra 1985:13 [ref. 5144]. •Valid as Sargocentron microstoma (Günther 1859) -- (Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:112 [ref. 6441] as microstomum, Randall & Heemstra 1985:13 [ref. 5144], Randall & Heemstra 1986:420 [ref. 5707], Paxton et al. 1989:380 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:18 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:66 [ref. 15987], Kotlyar 1996:85 [ref. 23292], Allen 1997:68 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:60 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:66 [ref. 25919], Randall 1998:54 [ref. 23300], Kotlyar 1998:202 [ref. 24674], Myers 1999:85 [ref. 23965], Randall & Greenfield 1999:2235 [ref. 24790], Allen 2000:85 [ref. 37268] as microstomus, Nakabo 2000:491 [ref. 25086], Hutchins 2001:25 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:491 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:27 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:617 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:69 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:10 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:96 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:312 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:783 [ref. 29066], Fricke et al. 2011:374 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:176 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2018:116 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:86 [ref. 36673], Randall & Heemstra 2022:397 [ref. 39719]). Current status: Valid as Sargocentron microstoma (Günther 1859). Holocentridae: Holocentrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Seychelles, Madagascar, Chagos Archipelago and Maldives east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Line Islands and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Homaloptera Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:228 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 4 (no. 21) (art. 21); ref. 553] Akar River, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1895.7.2.49. •Valid as Parhomaloptera microstoma (Boulenger 1899) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:56 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:237 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:19 [ref. 22832] as Parahomaloptera, Martin-Smith & Tan 1998:587 [ref. 23647], Parenti & Lim 2005:189 [ref. 28285], Kottelat 2012:67 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:195 [ref. 32989], Sulaiman et al. 2018:32 [ref. 35802], Wilkinson & Tan 2018:601 [ref. 36226]). Current status: Valid as Parhomaloptera microstoma (Boulenger 1899). Gastromyzontidae. Distribution: Northern Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Lethrinops Trewavas [E.] 1931:141, Fig. 5d [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 7 (no. 37); ref. 16339] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Syntypes: (20) BMNH 1930.1.31.54-60 (5), 1930.1.31.68-75 (8); MNHN 1937-0242 [ex BMNH] (1); NMW 25629 (1). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:216 [ref. 20868]. •Valid as Lethrinops microstoma Trewavas 1931 -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:134 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:239 [ref. 20944], Ngatunga & Snoeks 2003:128 [ref. 26763], Ngatunga & Snoeks 2004:257 [ref. 28115], Konings 2016:367 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Lethrinops microstoma Trewavas 1931. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Macropinna Chapman [W. M.] 1939:509, Figs. 59-61 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 86 (no. 3062); ref. 817] Northeastern Pacific, 53°50'00"N, 134°20'00"W, 900-700 meters of wire out. Holotype: USNM 108143. Paratypes: (27) SU 34472 (1), USNM 108177-85 (2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1). •Valid as Macropinna microstoma Chapman 1939 -- (Fujii in Masuda et al. 1984:41 [ref. 6441], Matarese et al. 1989:74 [ref. 26885], Pequeño 1989:29 [ref. 14125], McAllister 1990:72 [ref. 14674], Nakabo 2000:288 [ref. 25086], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:18 [ref. 25650], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:155 [ref. 25968], Nakabo 2002:288 [ref. 26001], Fedorov et al. 2003:29 [ref. 27579], Nelson et al. 2004:85 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:30 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:85 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:107 [ref. 33547], Burton & Lea 2019:39 [ref. 37205], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:68 [ref. 38158], Love et al. 2021:46 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:81 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Macropinna microstoma Chapman 1939. Opisthoproctidae. Distribution: Pacific: northern Japan and Kuril Islands (Russia) north to Bering Sea; Gulf of Alaska (U.S.A.) south to Chile, including Juan Fernandez Islands (Chile). Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Malapterurus Poll [M.] & Gosse [J.-P.] 1969:8, Pls. 1, 2 (fig. b), 3 (fig. b) [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 45 (no. 38); ref. 19535] Yangambi, Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC 164701. Paratypes: (20) BMNH 1969.9.10.1 (1); MRAC 1193 (1), 164702 (1), 19954 (1), 20827-29 (3), 55629 (1), 58626-27 (2), 58896-99 (4), 67217 (1), 68737 (1), 69329 (1), 104445 (1), 164703 (1), 164704-05 (2). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:55 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:301 [ref. 29155]. If microstomus was treated as a noun, then the correct spelling when in Malapterurus is microstoma. •Valid as Malapterurus microstoma Poll & Gosse 1969 -- (Gosse 1986:104 [ref. 6194], Burgess 1989:157 [ref. 12860], Poll & Gosse 1995:89 [ref. 24781], Roberts 2000:7 [ref. 24300], Norris 2002:77 [ref. 27470], Ferraris 2007:301 [ref. 29155], Munene et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000]). Current status: Valid as Malapterurus microstoma Poll & Gosse 1969. Malapteruridae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Congo River system (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Monolene Cadenat [J.] 1937:524, Fig. 56 [Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes v. 10 (fasc. 4, no. 40); ref. 17134] Conakry, Guinea, west Africa. Syntypes: MHNLR P.401 (1), MNHN 1938-0011 (1). Type catalog: Aloncle 1968:690 [ref. 20713], Desoutter et al. 2001:307-308 [ref. 25922]. •Valid as Monolene microstoma Cadenat 1937 -- (Aldebert et al. 1990:1035 [ref. 19526], Amaoka & Imamura 2000:247 [ref. 24802], Munroe in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2993 [ref. 34618], Carneiro et al. 2019:190 [ref. 37250], Fermon et al. 2022:231 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Monolene microstoma Cadenat 1937. Bothidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic Senegal south to Namibia, possibly including Madeira. Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Mormyrops Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:6, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 1); ref. 542] New Antwerp, Upper Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 160. •Valid as Mormyrops microstoma Boulenger 1898 -- (Gosse 1984:96 [ref. 6169], Munene et al. 2021:21 [ref. 39283]). Current status: Valid as Mormyrops microstoma Boulenger 1898. Mormyridae. Distribution: Central Africa: central and upper Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Nematops Günther [A.] 1880:57, Pl. 24 (fig. C) [Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873-1876 v. 1 (pt 6); ref. 2011] Outside Nares harbor, Admiralty Islands, depth 152 fathoms. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1879.5.14.91. •Valid as Nematops microstoma Günther 1880 -- (Sakamoto 1984:210 [ref. 5273], Sakamoto 1993:102 [ref. 22476], Hensley 2001:3872 [ref. 26313], Evseenko 2004:16 [ref. 27606], Amaoka et al. 2006:223 [ref. 28779], Hoese & Bray 2006:1835 [ref. 29000], Voronina & Evseenko 2008:493 [ref. 29815], Larson et al. 2013:225 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Valid as Nematops microstoma Günther 1880. Poecilopsettidae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

microstoma, Perca Lichtenstein [M. H. C.] 1823:117 [Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin, nebst Beschreibung...; ref. 17525] Indian Ocean or ?. No types known. Apparently an available overlooked name.

microstoma, Pimelodus Steindachner [F.] 1877:604 [46] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4224] Irisanga, rio Mogi-Guaçu drainage, upper rio Paraná, São Paulo State, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) NMW 45823-24 (1, 2). See Ribeiro & Lucena 2007:77 [ref. 29174] for comments on the type locality. •Valid as Pimelodus microstoma Steindachner 1877 -- (Lundberg & Littmann in Reis et al. 2003:440 [ref. 27061], Ribeiro & Lucena 2006:326 [ref. 28962], Ribeiro & Lucena 2007:75 [ref. 29174], Azpelicueta et al. 2008:155 [ref. 29736], Ribeiro & Lucena 2010:277 [ref. 30865], Ribeiro et al. 2011:128 [ref. 31238], Costa e Silva et al. 2018:105 [ref. 35734], Reis et al. 2020:469 [ref. 38364], Brandão et al. 2022:187 [ref. 40464]). Current status: Valid as Pimelodus microstoma Steindachner 1877. Pimelodidae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin (São Paulo, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Platophrys Weber [M.] 1913:427, Pl. 7 (fig. 3) [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Jedan Island, Aru Islands, Siboga station 273, depth 13 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMA 109389. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:106 [ref. 19236]. Bothidae.

microstoma, Polynemus Bleeker [P.] 1851:217 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 330] Bulucomba [Balukumba], southern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6044. •Valid as Polydactylus microstoma (Bleeker 1851) (sometimes seen as microstomus) -- (Mishra & Krishnan 1993:289 [ref. 23743], Motomura et al. 2000:331 [ref. 25060], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:622 [ref. 25122], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:102 [ref. 26368], Motomura & Iwatsuki 2001:338 [ref. 25783], Feltes 2001:3107 [ref. 26107], Motomura & Senou 2002:29 [ref. 26355], Motomura 2002:180 [ref. 26356], Motomura 2004:6 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:55 [ref. 27970], Motomura et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28177], Randall 2005:289 [ref. 28239], Motomura 2009:169 [ref. 30446], Kottelat 2013:354 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:94 [ref. 33932], Miesen et al. 2016:90 [ref. 34492], Kang et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35524], Motomura et al. 2017:180 [ref. 35490] as microstomus, Psomadakis et al. 2020:498 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus microstoma (Bleeker 1851). Polynemidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India and Myanmar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

microstoma, Pseudotropheus Trewavas [E.] 1935:75 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Monkey Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Syntypes: (2) BMNH 1935.6.14.202-204. •Valid as Pseudotropheus microstoma Trewavas 1935 -- (Colombé 1979:38 [ref. 9005], Maréchal 1991:409 [ref. 20944]). •Valid as Tropheops microstoma (Trewavas 1935) -- (Konings 2016:202 [ref. 34521], Li et al. 2016:379 [ref. 34737]). Current status: Valid as Tropheops microstoma (Trewavas 1935). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Tetragonopterus Günther [A.] 1864:323 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Bahia, Brazil. Syntypes: (at least 15) BMNH, ZMB 4836 (?). •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061], Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:287 [ref. 40817]). Characidae. Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Trematocranus Trewavas [E.] 1935:114, Fig. 13b [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Northern and southern ends of Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Syntypes: (20) BMNH 1935.6.14.2226-2231 (6), 1935.6.14.2232-2236 (5), 1935.6.14.2237 (1); MNHN 1937-0236 [ex BMNH] (1); NMW 25617 (1). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:226 [ref. 20868]. •Valid as Trematocranus microstoma Trewavas 1935 -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:188 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:516 [ref. 20944], Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:308 [ref. 28117], Konings 2016:362 [ref. 34521], Dierickx et al. 2018:163 [ref. 35849]). Current status: Valid as Trematocranus microstoma Trewavas 1935. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

microstoma, Uranidea Lockington [W. N.] 1880:58 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 121); ref. 17549] St. Paul, Kodiak Island, Alaska, U.S.A. Lectotype: ?USNM 26992. Paralectotypes: (2). Additional material: specimens from Aleutian Is. mentioned in passing. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 293, p. 3292 under Cottus aleuticus in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Cottus by Cottus microstomus Heckel 1837; replaced by Cottus philoniips Eigenmann & Eigenmann Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 293, p. 3292 under Cottus aleuticus in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable. Secondarily preoccupied in Cottus by Cottus microstomus Heckel 1837; replaced by Cottus philoniips Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1892. •Synonym of Cottus aleuticus Gilbert 1896 -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:822 [ref. 24570], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:470 [ref. 25968]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Cottus aleuticus Gilbert 1896. Cottidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

microstomus, Conger Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:83, Pl. 43 (fig. 4) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MNHN 0000-8435. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:114 [ref. 20810]. Name written microstoma in list of figures and on figure caption. Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

microstomus, Schizothorax Hwang [S.-Y.] in Chen, Zhang & Hwang 1982:219 (English p. 225), Fig. 3 [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 28 (no. 3); ref. 8496] Lake Lugu, Ninglang Yizu Zizhixian, Yunnan Province, China. Syntypes: KIZ 796801 (1), 7971026-27 (2), 7971046 (1), 7971049-50 (2), 7971060 (1), 7971063-64 (2), 7971072 (1), 7971088 (1), 7971094-95 (2), 7971097-98 (2), 7971111 (1), 7971117 (1), 7971135 (1). Author also seen as Huang. •Valid as Racoma microstomus (Hwang 1982) -- (Wu & Wu 1992:311 [ref. 21205] as microstoma). •Valid as Schizothorax microstomus Hwang 1982 -- (Mo in Chu & Chen 1989:308 [ref. 13584], Ye & Fu in Ding 1994:387 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:89 [ref. 25213], Chen & Huang in Chen 1998:210 [ref. 23556], Chen & Cao et al. in Yue 2000:313 [ref. 25272], Zhang et al. 2016:124 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:313 [ref. 36699], Guo 2021:425 [ref. 38617]). Current status: Valid as Schizothorax microstomus Hwang 1982. Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae. Distribution: Upper Yangtze River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

microstomus, Sternopygus Reinhardt [J. T.] 1852:147 [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Aaret 1852; ref. 18619] Lagoa Santa, Brazil. Syntypes: BMNH 1868.7.8.2-3 (2); ZMB 9183 (1); ZMUC 21 (1), 23-26 (4). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:48 [ref. 9588], Ferraris et al. 2017:[31] [ref. 35236]. The specific name is an undeclinable noun. •Valid as Eigenmannia microstomus (Reinhardt 1852) -- (Mago-Leccia 1994:20 [ref. 21320], Albert in Reis et al. 2003:488 [ref. 27061], Peixoto et al. 2015:384, 398 [ref. 33968], Peixoto & Wosiacki 2016:263 [ref. 34493], Campos-da-Paz & Queiroz 2017:82 [ref. 35026] as microstoma, Dutra et al. 2017:90 [ref. 35186] as microstoma, Ferraris et al. 2017:[31] [ref. 35236] as microstoma, Dutra et al. 2018:138 [ref. 35941] as microstoma, Peixoto & Ohara 2019:26 [ref. 36930] as microstoma). Current status: Valid as Eigenmannia microstomus (Reinhardt 1852). Sternopygidae: Eigenmanniinae. Distribution: São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

microstomus, Varicorhinus Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan [L. H.] 1969:13, Fig. 13 in ref. 29795 [Some data on composition, origin, and distribution of cyprinid species in northern Vietnam; ref. 25483] Ta Khoa, Son La Province, Vietnam. Lectotype: RIAH 1070. See Kottelat 2001:113, 120 [ref. 25482] for availability issues. Spelled in more than one way originally, and Kottelat 2001:120 [ref. 25482] as first reviser selected microstomus. See Nguyen & Doan 2008 [ref. 29793] for an English translation of ref. 25483 with name as microstoma. Lectotype selected by Roberts & Catania 2008:93 [ref. 29794]. The type locality (Suoi Rut) or the specimen number (1070) is incorrect. •In the genus Onychostoma Günther 1896 -- (Roberts & Catania 2008:96 [ref. 29794], Xin et al. 2009:260 [ref. 30708]). •Questionably a synonym of Onychostoma leptura (Boulenger 1900) -- (Kottelat 2013:129 [ref. 32989]). •Questionably a synonym of Onychostoma lepturus (Boulenger 1900) -- (Kottelat 2001:32 [ref. 25482]). Current status: Uncertain as Onychostoma lepturus (Boulenger 1900). Cyprinidae: Acrossocheilinae. Habitat: freshwater.

miostoma, Wallago Vaillant [L. L.] 1902:44 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 24 (note 1); ref. 4490] Tepoe [= Lepo Tepu, 2°01'N, 114°01'E vs. Kottelat's 0°04'10'S, 115°38'40'E], Mahakam River drainage, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 7811 (205.4 mm SL). Non-types: RMNH 7811 (1 of 2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:372 [ref. 29155]. The spelling microstoma may be a noun that should not be declined. •Valid as Ompok miostoma (Vaillant 1902) -- (Burgess 1989:86 [ref. 12860]). •See Kottelat & Lim 1996:240 [ref. 23210]. •Valid as Ompok miostomus (Vaillant 1902) -- (Ferraris 2007:372 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2009:56 [ref. 30458], Kottelat 2013:235 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Ompok miostoma (Vaillant 1902). Siluridae. Distribution: Mahakam River basin, central Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

mocquardianus, Brachyalestes Thominot [A.] 1886:167 [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 10; ref. 17904] San Benito, Equitorial Guinea, western Africa. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1885-0428. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:10 [ref. 19577]. •Synonym of Bryconaethiops microstoma Günther 1873 -- (Paugy 1984:166 [ref. 6183], Ibala Zamba et al. 2007:1215 [ref. 29470]). Current status: Synonym of Bryconaethiops microstoma Günther 1873. Alestidae. Habitat: freshwater.

modesta, Atherinichthys Castelnau [F. L.] 1872:136 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] Hobson's Bay and lower Yarra River, Victoria, Australia. Syntypes: MNHN A-4368 (1) (esox), A-4731 (2) (microstoma). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1971:713-714 [ref. 21541]. Paxton et al. 1989 [ref. 12442] say MNHN A.4731 (2) is a specimen of Atherinosoma microstoma (Günther 1861) and specimen MNHN A-4368 is Atherinason esox (Klunzinger 1872). Specimen A-4368 belongs to Kestratherina esox (Klunzinger 1872), see Paxton et al. 2006:711 [ref. 28995]. •Synonym of Atherinosoma microstoma (Günther 1861) -- (Paxton et al. 2006:704 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Synonym of Atherinosoma microstoma (Günther 1861). Atherinidae: Atherininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

oblitum, Microstoma argenteum Facciolà [L.] 1887:196 [Naturalista Siciliano [Il Naturalista Siciliano, Giornale di scienze naturali] v. 6; ref. 17479] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Valid as Nansenia oblita (Facciolà 1887) -- (Cohen 1973:154 [ref. 6589], Cohen in Whitehead et al. 1984:391 [ref. 13675], Scott & Scott 1988:158 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:70 [ref. 14674], Cohen 1990:237 [ref. 14206], Merella et al. 1997:213 [ref. 23098], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:40 [ref. 26753], Fricke et al. 2007:55 [ref. 29533], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:21 [ref. 36649], Møller et al. 2010:23 [ref. 31169], Poulsen 2015:529 [ref. 33965] and as cf. oblita on p. 519, Hartel & Orrell 2016:1755 [ref. 34565], Carneiro et al. 2019:83 [ref. 37250], Kovačić et al. 2020:46 [ref. 37519], Sutton et al. 2020:35 [ref. 37832], Kovačić et al. 2021:52 [ref. 39014]). Current status: Valid as Nansenia oblita (Facciolà 1887). Microstomatidae. Distribution: North Atlantic: Greenland; Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: southern Ireland south to Western Sahara, including Madeira. Habitat: marine.

obscura, Parhomaloptera Vaillant [L. L.] 1902:130, Figs. 36-38 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 24 (note 1); ref. 4490] Kalimantan Timur [Bluu River, 0°42'Nm, 114°24'E], Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1903-0196. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:103 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Parhomaloptera microstoma (Boulenger 1899) -- (Kottelat 2012:67 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:195 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Parhomaloptera microstoma (Boulenger 1899). Gastromyzontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

philonips, Cottus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1892:963 [American Naturalist v. 26 (no. 311); ref. 12339] Kicking Horse River, Field, British Columbia, Canada. Syntypes: BMNH 1892.12.30.235-244 (10), 1892.12.20.245 (1); CAS-SU 527 (1); USNM 125483 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:128 [ref. 12291]. Text somewhat unclear; tentatively proposed for specimens that "are probably to be referred to the description quoted above"; quoted above are Cottus minutus Pallas and Uranidea microstomus Lockington 1880 (the latter noted as preoccupied in Cottus by Cottus microstomus Heckel 1837). We regard as an independent proposal of a new name (not a replacement name); however, Hubbs & Schultz 1932 state, "..we rule as first revisers that Cottus philonips was proposed as a substitute name for Cottus minutus Pallas and not for Uranidea microstoma Lockington." Under the circumstances, action of a first reviser is probably inappropriate; minutus was not in fact preoccupied. •Synonym of Cottus cognatus Richardson 1836 -- (Lee et al. 1980:808 [ref. 22416], Scott & Crossman 1998:835 [ref. 24570]). •Valid as Cottus philonips Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1892 -- (Young et al. 2022:329 [ref. 39356]). Current status: Valid as Cottus philonips Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1892. Cottidae. Distribution: North America: Alaska (U.S.A.); Rocky Mountains in southwestern Canada and northwestern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

rissoanum, Microstoma Sarato [C.] 1887:[1] [Moniteur des Étrangers à Nice No. 265; ref. 18654] No types known. On p. 3 of reprint. •Synonym of Nansenia oblita (Facciolà 1887) -- (Cohen 1973:154 [ref. 6589], Cohen 1990:237 [ref. 14206]). Current status: Synonym of Nansenia oblita (Facciolà 1887). Microstomatidae. Habitat: marine.

rotundata, Microstoma Risso [A.] 1827:474, Pl. 14 (fig. 36) [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Microstoma microstoma (Risso 1810) -- (Cohen 1973:153 [ref. 6589], Cohen 1990:236 [ref. 14206]). Current status: Synonym of Microstoma microstoma (Risso 1810). Microstomatidae. Habitat: marine.

schmitti, Microstoma Fowler [H. W.] 1934:256, Fig. 18 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Eastern coast of Luzon Island, Philippines, Albatross station D.5445, depth 383 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 92327. Paratypes: USNM 93354 (8), 93355 (1). •Synonym of Nansenia schmitti (Fowler 1934) -- (Gon & Stewart 2014:55 [ref. 33569]). Current status: Valid as Nansenia schmitti (Fowler 1934). Microstomatidae. Distribution: Philippines. Habitat: marine.

vorax, Atherinosoma Castelnau [F. L.] 1872:138 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] Cape Schanck, Victoria, Australia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Atherinosoma microstoma (Günther 1861) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:356 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:379 [ref. 22532], Paxton et al. 2006:704 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Synonym of Atherinosoma microstoma (Günther 1861). Atherinidae: Atherininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

yseuxi, Bryconaethiops Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:82, Pl. 37 (fig. 2) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 4); ref. 549] "Haut Congo" [Upper Congo River basin above Matadi]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1899.6.27.38. See Ibala Zamba et al. 2007:1216 [ref. 29470] for definition of "Haut Congo" -- an old term for the Conge R. basin above Matidi (5°49'S, 13°27'E). •Synonym of Bryconaethiops microstoma Günther 1873 -- (Paugy 1984:166 [ref. 6183]). •Valid as Bryconaethiops yseuxi Boulenger 1899 -- ( Ibala Zamba et al. 2007:1216 [ref. 29470]). Current status: Valid as Bryconaethiops yseuxi Boulenger 1899. Alestidae. Distribution: Central Africa: lower Congo River basin from Boma to Pool Malebo (formerly Stanley Pool), Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

yuanjiangensis, Acrossocheilus iridescens Wu [H.-W.] & Lin [R.-D.] in Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen & He 1977:290, Fig. 7-37 [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 2; ref. 4807] Yuanjiang system, Yunnan Province, China. Syntypes: 64-40586 (1), 64-40580 to 40581 (1, 1), 64-50645 (1). Original as "Acrossocheilus subgenus Acrossocheilus." •Synonym of Acrossocheilus iridescens (Nichols & Pope 1927), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Chu & Cui in Chu & Chen 1989:208 [ref. 13584], Zhu 1995:59 [ref. 25213], Shan et al. in Yue 2000:124 [ref. 25272], Zhang et al. 2016:87 [ref. 34477] but dated 1982). •Synonym of Acrossocheilus iridescens (Nichols & Pope 1927), but a valid subspecies [but correct name for this subspecies would be Acrossocheilus iridescens microstoma (Pellegrin & Chevey 1936)] -- (Kottelat 2001:17 [ref. 25482]). •Synonym of Acrossocheilus microstoma (Pellegrin & Chevey 1936). Current status: Synonym of Acrossocheilus microstoma (Pellegrin & Chevey 1936). Cyprinidae: Acrossocheilinae. Habitat: freshwater.

zophomus, Polydactylus Jordan [D. S.] & McGregor [E. A.] in Jordan & Seale 1907:11, Fig. 4 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (Doc. 606) (for 1906); ref. 2498] Cavite Province, Manila Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype: CAS-SU 20113 [not USNM 55598]. Paratypes: ?CAS-SU 20111 (1), USNM 55598 (1 of 2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:69 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Polydactylus microstomus (Bleeker 1851) -- (Motomura et al. 2001:302 [ref. 25548], Motomura & Iwatsuki 2001:339 [ref. 25783], Feltes 2001:3107 [ref. 26107], Motomura 2002:180 [ref. 26356], Motomura 2004:6 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:55 [ref. 27970], Kottelat 2013:354 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Polydactylus microstoma (Bleeker 1851). Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus microstoma (Bleeker 1851). Polynemidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.