Species that contain: Tor and tor [ 67 ] records

annularis, Apogon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:48 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 1774. Paralectotypes: SMF 4679-81 (3). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:111 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. •Valid as Apogon annularis Rüppell 1829 -- (Dor 1984:111 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:29 [ref. 25356], Fraser et al. 1999:5 [ref. 24562], Gon & Randall 2003:6 [ref. 26750]). •Valid as Nectamia annularis (Rüppell 1829) -- (Fraser 2008:8 [ref. 29471], Mabuchi et al. 2014:202 [ref. 33426], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:75 [ref. 36273], Kuiter & Kozawa 2019:174 [ref. 36965], Fraser et al. 2022:218 [ref. 39752]). Current status: Valid as Nectamia annularis (Rüppell 1829). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

ater, Tor Roberts [T. R.] 1999:231, Fig. 3 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 47 (no. 1); ref. 23900] Nam Theun at Ban Talang, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 40356. Paratypes: ZRC 40357 (2). •Valid as Tor ater Roberts 1999 -- (Kottelat 2001:83 [ref. 25780], Chen & Yang 2004:190 [ref. 27990], Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989], Hoàng et al. 2015:552 [ref. 33936], Kottelat 2015:43 [ref. 33971], Walton et al. 2016:1 [ref. 35037], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Tor ater Roberts 1999. Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Nam Theun (Laos) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

barakae, Tor Arunkumar [L.] & Basudha [Ch.] 2003:272, Fig. 1 [Aquacult v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 28839] Barak River at Barak Bridge, Manipur, India. Holotype: IBSD 01. Paratypes: IBSD 04 (4). •Synonym of Tor tor (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:169 [ref. 32989] with question). •Valid as Tor barakae Arunkumar & Basudha 2003 -- (Laskar et al. 2018:[8] [ref. 35834], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Tor barakae Arunkumar & Basudha 2003. Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: South Asia: Barak River drainage (Manipur, India) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

bicinctus, Amphiprion Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:139, Pl. 35 (fig. 1) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, or Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 1460. Paralectotypes: ?BMNH 1845.10.29.89, ?1860.11.9.78-79; SMF 2716 (1), 4934 (1), 17518 (1, skeleton). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:180 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. •Valid as Amphiprion bicinctus Rüppell 1830 -- (Dor 1984:180 [ref. 29757], Allen 1991:236 [ref. 19344], Goren & Dor 1994:49 [ref. 25356], Astakhov 1996:843 [ref. 24669], Chen et al. 1997:143 [ref. 26476] dated 1801, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S113 [ref. 27377], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[16] 254 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:113 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:85 [ref. 36871], Parenti 2021:45 [ref. 38418], Allen 2022:127 [ref. 39911]). Current status: Valid as Amphiprion bicinctus Rüppell 1830. Pomacentridae: Pomacentrinae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Socotra (Yemen); Seychelles; Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory). Habitat: marine.

brevifilis, Barbus (Labeobarbus) Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1881:1033, Unnumbered plate fig. 4 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1880; ref. 3456] China, sent from Hong Kong. Syntypes: ZMB 11326 (2, now 1), 22290 [ex ZMB 11326] (1). •Valid as Tor brevifilis (Peters 1881) -- (Wu et al. 1977:327 [ref. 4807], Mai 1978:85 [ref. 13511], Chu & Cui in Chu & Chen 1989:145 [ref. 13584], Zheng et al. 1989:195 [ref. 21202], Chen et al. in Pan et al. 1991:166 [ref. 23876], Ding 1994:343 [ref. 21531], Yang & Chen 1995:62 [ref. 23555], Zhu 1995:50 [ref. 25213], Chen in Chen 1998:167 [ref. 23556], Tang et al. 2001:13 [ref. 25373]). •Valid as Tor brevifilis (Peters 1881), subspecies brevifilis (Peters 1881) -- (Shan et al. in Yue 2000:155 [ref. 25272]). •Valid as Folifer brevifilis (Peters 1881) -- (Kottelat 2001:23 [ref. 25482], Kottelat 2001:50 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2013:102 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:41 [ref. 33971] as cf. brevifilis, Zhang et al. 2016:90 [ref. 34477] as Foliter, Fu et al. 2021:9569 [ref. 39347], Guo 2021:371 [ref. 38617] as Foliter). Current status: Valid as Folifer brevifilis (Peters 1881). Cyprinidae: Acrossocheilinae. Distribution: East Asia: Yangtze River basin (China). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

caeruleopunctatus, Anampses Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:42, Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 2745 (dry). •Valid as Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell 1829 -- (Dor 1984:195 [ref. 29757], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:204 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:685 [ref. 5706], Allen & Swainston 1988:112 [ref. 25477], Pequeño 1989:63 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:207 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:51 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:295 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:290 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:164 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:52 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:269 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:178 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:292 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:295 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:196 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:391 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:743 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:20 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:90 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:3 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:627 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:978 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:349 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:201 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:17 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:111 [ref. 25868], Shinohara et al. 2000:180 [ref. 25987], Hutchins 2001:267 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:978 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:47 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:144 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:73 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:21 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3325 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:388 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1371 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:331 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:82 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:216 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:159 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:341 [ref. 35285], Allen & Erdmann 2012:632 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:265 [ref. 32706], Russell & Craig 2013:84 [ref. 32948], Fricke et al. 2014:125 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:116 [ref. 36167], Motomura et al. 2015:26 [ref. 34709], Koeda et al. 2016:72 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:276 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:121 [ref. 36273], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:89 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:522 [ref. 37272], Akaike et al. 2021:25 [ref. 38809], Randall & Victor 2022:170 [ref. 39916], Allen & Erdmann 2024:686 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell 1829. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Wake Island, Line Islands (Kiribati) and Easter Island (Chile), north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), Kermadec Islands and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

caudimaculatus, Chironectes Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:141, Pl. 33 (fig. 2) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 6783 (dry). Type catalog: Pietsch & Arnold 2020:117 [ref. 38284]. •Valid as Antennarius caudimaculatus (Rüppell 1838) -- (Dor 1984:55 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:14 [ref. 25356]). •Synonym of Antennarius commerson (Anonymous 1798) -- (Pietsch & Grobecker 1987:92 [ref. 20669] as commersoni and author as Latreille 1804, Golani & Fricke 2018:37 [ref. 36273], Pietsch & Arnold 2020:115 [ref. 38284] with author as Latreille 1804). Current status: Synonym of Antennarius commerson (Anonymous 1798). Antennariidae. Habitat: marine.

chelynoides, Barbus McClelland [J.] 1839:271, 340, Pl. 57 (no. 5) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Mountain stream at Simla, India. Syntypes: SMF 942 (2). •Valid as Puntius chilinoides [sic] (McClelland 1839) -- (Karmakar 2000:28 [ref. 25662]). •Valid as Tor chelynoides (McClelland 1839) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:302 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:518 [ref. 23778], Kullander et al. 1999:152 [ref. 23689], Karmakar 2000:29 [ref. 25662]). •Valid as Hypselobarbus Bleeker 1860 -- (see Rainboth 1989:24 [ref. 13537], Menon & Rema Devi 1995:390 [ref. 22480], Arunachalam et al. 2012:63 [ref. 32222], Yang et al. 2012:26 [ref. 32362]). •Valid as Hypselobarbus Bleeker 1860 -- (see Rainboth 1989:24 [ref. 13537], Menon & Rema Devi 1995:390 [ref. 22480], Arunachalam et al. 2012:63 [ref. 32222], Yang et al. 2012:26 [ref. 32362]). •Valid as Naziritor chelynoides (McClelland 1839) -- (Mirza & Javed 1992:99 [ref. 23458], Menon 1999:55 [ref. 24904] as cheilynoides, Shrestha 2008:82 [ref. 29923], Khare et al. 2014:[3] [ref. 33361], Bleher 2018:606 [ref. 36647], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256], Çiçek et al. 2023:51 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Naziritor chelynoides (McClelland 1839). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: South Asia: Himalaya foothills (Pakistan, India, Nepal). Habitat: freshwater.

clarki, Drombus Goren [M.] 1978:200, Fig. 6 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 59 (nos 3/4); ref. 1851] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): HUJ 10065 [ex HUJ 5697b]. Type catalog: Golani 2006:34 [ref. 28840]. Named after Eugenie Clark, therefore name should be clarkae. Currently, clarki is in prevailing usage. •Valid as Drombus clarki Goren 1978 -- (Goren 1979:36 [ref. 1852]). •Synonym of Callogobius bifasciatus (Smith 1958) -- (Randall et al. 1994:240 [ref. 21645], Randall 1995:330 [ref. 22896]). •Valid as Callogobius clarkae (Goren 1978) -- (Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[6] 244 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:149 [ref. 36273], Akihito & Ikeda 2021:107 [ref. 38331] as clarki, Parenti 2021:112 [ref. 38603], Larson 2022:62 [ref. 39971]). •Valid as Callogobius clarki (Goren 1978) -- (Goren 1980:213 [ref. 8716], Dor 1984:241 [ref. 29757], Goren et al. 1991:300 [ref. 19765], Goren & Dor 1994:63 [ref. 25356], Delventhal & Mooi 2013:156 [ref. 32677], Delventhal & Mooi 2014:143 [ref. 33337], Delventhal et al. 2016:235 [ref. 34863], Fujiwara et al. 2021:261 [ref. 38707], Bogorodsky & Goren 2023:7 [ref. 40247], Delventhal & Mooi 2023:461 [ref. 40434]). Current status: Valid as Callogobius clarki (Goren 1978). Gobiidae: Gobiinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

coorgensis, Puntius Jayaram [K. C.] 1982:47, Fig. 1 [Matsya No. 7 [for 1981]; ref. 8467] Cauvery River at Bhagamandala, 33 km southwest of Mercara, Coorg District, Karnataka, India. Holotype: ZSI FF 1715. Paratypes: ZSI FF1716 (22). Also mentioned as new in Jayaram et al. 1982:111 [ref. 34179]. •Synonym of Puntius vittatus Day 1865 -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:293 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Tor khudree (Sykes 1839) -- (Menon 1999:59 [ref. 24904]). •Valid as Puntius coorgensis Jayaram 1982 -- (Yazdani & Singh 1994:109 [ref. 22067]). •Synonym of Oreichthys cosuatis (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:84 [ref. 24904], Knight 2014:5360 [ref. 33151]). •Valid as Oreichthys coorgensis (Jayaram 1982) -- (Knight & Kumar 2015:162 [ref. 33663], Bleher 2018:626 [ref. 36647], Dann et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41676]). Current status: Valid as Oreichthys coorgensis (Jayaram 1982). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Distribution: South Asia: upper Cauvery River basin, southern India. Habitat: freshwater.

cyclops, Salarias Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:113, Pl. 28 (fig. 3) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El -Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 1845. Genus misspelled Salaris. •Valid as Pictiblennius cyclops (Rüppell 1830) -- (Dor 1984:222 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Parablennius cyclops (Rüppell 1830) -- (Bath 1989:305 [ref. 13309], Goren & Dor 1994:60 [ref. 25356], Bath 1996:91 [ref. 22687], Patzner et al. 2009:458 [ref. 30396], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[6] 244 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:141 [ref. 36273], Esmaeili et al. 2022:21 [30] [ref. 39526], Williams & Springer 2022:373 [ref. 39951]). Current status: Valid as Parablennius cyclops (Rüppell 1830). Blenniidae: Salariinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

dimidiatus, Cossyphus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:136 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 13; ref. 1007] El-Tor, Sinai coast, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea; Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: SMF 1453 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:31-32 [ref. 19171]. Based on Labrus latovittatus (non Lacepède 1801) of Rüppell, and on specimen(s) from Mauritius. •Valid as Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Dor 1984:204 [ref. 29757], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:206 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:698 [ref. 5706], Allen & Swainston 1988:118 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:55 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:325 [ref. 15987], Francis & Randall 1993:132 [ref. 20996], Kuiter 1993:286 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:294 [ref. 24014], Goren & Dor 1994:54 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:285 [ref. 22896], Lee & Kim 1996:37 [ref. 25726], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:484 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:192 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:199 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:306 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:325 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:203 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:423 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:744 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:21 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:26 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:629 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:979 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:363 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:208 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:17 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:113 [ref. 25868], Shinohara et al. 2000:180 [ref. 25987], Sakai et al. 2001:105 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:269 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3443 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:979 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:368, 636 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:636 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:153 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:74 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:22 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:347 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:421 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:441 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1398 [ref. 29095] with a holotype, Fricke et al. 2009:87 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:227 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:169 [ref. 31256], Kuiter 2010:358 [ref. 35285], Caratini & Soriano 2011:47 [ref. 39915], Hubert et al. 2012:5 [ref. 31846], Allen & Erdmann 2012:695 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:266 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:167 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:135 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988], Motomura et al. 2015:26 [ref. 34709], Koeda et al. 2016:77 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:13 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:287 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:127 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:19 [ref. 36883], Eagderi et al. 2019:73 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:233 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:90 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 19 [ref. 38321], Sonoyama et al. 2020:86 [ref. 37637], Durville et al. 2021:314 [ref. 38802], Hata in Motomura et al. 2021:56 [ref. 38121], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:8 [ref. 40448], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:245 [ref. 41223], Randall & Victor 2022:222 [ref. 39916], Fricke et al. 2024:77 [ref. 41255], Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes 1839). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to central Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Merimbula (New South Wales, Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia) and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

dongnaiensis, Tor Hoàng [H. D.], Pham [H. M.], Durand [J.-D.], Tran [N. T.] & Phan [P. D.] 2015:556, Figs. 3, 4e, f [Zootaxa 4006 (no. 3); ref. 33936] Đồng Nai drainage: Cát Tiên National Park, Lâm Đồng Province, Vietnam, 11°26'33.32"N, 107°26'4.01"E, elevation 162 meters. Holotype: UNS00859. Paratypes: ZRC, UNS. Accents are missing in authorships. •Valid as Tor dongnaiensis Hoàng, Pham, Durand, Tran & Phan 2015 -- (Walton et al. 2016:1 [ref. 35037], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Tor dongnaiensis Hoàng, Pham, Durand, Tran & Phan 2015. Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Vietnam endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

douronensis, Barbus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842:187 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 16; ref. 1009] Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3826. Non-types: SMF 2580 (1, dry), 2611 (1, dry) both from Java, ex RMNH. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:49 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Barbus douronensis Valenciennes 1842 -- (Zhou & Cui 1996:134 [ref. 22573]). •Valid as Tor douronensis (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Wu et al. 1977:324 [ref. 4807], Chu & Cui in Chu & Chen 1989:141 [ref. 13584], Kottelat et al. 1993:49 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:235 [ref. 23210], Zhu 1995:50 [ref. 25213], Vu & Nguyen 1997:26 [ref. 26438] as duronensis, Shan et al. in Yue 2000:163 [ref. 25272], Kottelat 2000:86 [ref. 25486], Hoàng et al. 2015:566 [ref. 33936]). •Synonym of Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Lim et al. 1990:38 [ref. 16753], Roberts 1993:22 [ref. 21799], Kottelat 1998:57 [ref. 23436] with question, Parenti & Lim 2005:186 [ref. 28285], Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989] with question, Zhang et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34477], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Synonym of Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Habitat: freshwater.

flavofasciatus, Syngnathus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:144 [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] El -Tor, north of Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, depth 0-9.1 meters. Neotype: USNM 214919. No types originally (based on a drawing); neotype designated by Dawson 1977:309 [ref. 7048]. •Valid as Corythoichthys flavofasciatus (Rüppell 1838) -- (Dawson 1977:306 [ref. 7048], Dor 1984:75 [ref. 29757], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:87 [ref. 6441], Dawson 1985:39 [ref. 6541], Paxton et al. 1989:415 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:19 [ref. 13251], Goren & Dor 1994:19 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:100 [ref. 22896], Randall et al. 1997:500 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:90 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:147 [ref. 24106], Paulus 1999:2273 [ref. 24794], Nakabo 2000:525 [ref. 25086], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:603 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:26 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:525 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S101 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:617 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:69 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:10 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3318 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:105 [ref. 28239], Paxton et al. 2006:815 [ref. 29073], Allen & Erdmann 2008:122 [ref. 29478], Fricke et al. 2009:36 [ref. 30213], Kuiter 2009:192 [ref. 30404], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 1 [ref. 35615], Fricke et al. 2018:122 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:48 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:30 [ref. 36883], Wada et al. 2021:38 [ref. 38521], Moots 2022:443 [ref. 39722], Fricke et al. 2024:87 [ref. 41255]). Current status: Valid as Corythoichthys flavofasciatus (Rüppell 1838). Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indian Ocean: East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

flavomaculatum, Diagramma Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] (ex Ehrenberg) 1830:127 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El-Tor, Sinai coast, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, ca. 28°14'N, 33°36'E. No types known. •Incertae sedis in Haemulidae -- (Parenti 2019:185 [ref. 37021] as fulromaculatum). •Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830). Current status: Synonym of Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Plectorhinchinae. Habitat: marine.

grypus, Barbus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1048 [58] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq. Syntypes: NMW 54160-61 (1, 2), 91023 (1); SMF 2613 [ex NMW] (1, dry), ZMB 8788 (1). Illustrated by Heckel 1843: Pl. 3, fig. 1 [ref. 2067]. On p. 58 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Valid as Barbus grypus Heckel 1843 -- (Coad 1991:14 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:12 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Fricke et al. 2007:33 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Tor grypus (Heckel 1843) -- (Roberts & Khaironizam 2008:47 [ref. 33824], Coad 2010:111 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391]). •Valid as Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel 1843) -- (Borkenhagen 2014:1179, 1189 [ref. 33432], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:865 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:144 [ref. 35151], Borkenhagen 2017:293 [ref. 35158], Esmaeili et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2020:248 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:31 [ref. 37983], Bayhan 2021:240 [ref. 40683], Al-Faisal et al. 2022:1399 [ref. 39565], Çiçek et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:360 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:19 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:132 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel 1843). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river systems and rivers (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

hainanensis, Tor (Folifer) brevifilis Wu [H.-W.] in Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen & He 1977:329, Fig. 7-63 [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 2; ref. 4807] Hainan Island, China. Syntypes: ? museum 60-2-326 (1), 60-2-330 (1) Wuzhi Shan, 60-2-160 to 164 (1 ea.) Le-tung. •Synonym of Tor brevifilis (Peters 1881), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Jin in Kuang et al. 1986:126 [ref. 26639], Chen et al. in Pan et al. 1991:167 [ref. 23876], Zhu 1995:50 [ref. 25213], Shan et al. in Yue 2000:158 [ref. 25272]). •Synonym of Folifer brevifilis (Peters 1881), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Kottelat 2001:23 [ref. 25482], Zhang et al. 2016:90 [ref. 34477] as Foliter). •Valid as Folifer hainanensis (Wu 1977) with question -- (Kottelat 2013:103 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Folifer hainanensis (Wu 1977). Cyprinidae: Acrossocheilinae. Distribution: Hainan Island, China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

hamiltonii, Tor Gray [J. E.] 1834:no page number, Pl. 96 (fig. 1, upper) [Illustrations of Indian zoology; ref. 1878] India. No types known. Published about 1 Oct. 1834. •Synonym of Tor tor (Hamilton 1822) -- (Mirza & Javed 1986:73 [ref. 23030], Menon 1992:225 [ref. 20679], Menon 1999:61 [ref. 24904], Kottelat 2013:169 [ref. 32989], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696]). Current status: Synonym of Tor tor (Hamilton 1822). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Habitat: freshwater.

hemispinus, Tor (Tor) Chen [Y.-R.] & Chu [X.-L.] 1985:80, Fig. 1 [Zoological Research v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 5250] Liu-ku, Nu-Jian basin, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 742003. Paratypes: KIZ 742002 (1), 742004-05 (1, 1), 742010-11 (1, 1). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:347 [ref. 32939]. •Valid as Tor hemispinus Chen & Chu 1985 -- (Chu & Cui in Chu & Chen 1989:137 [ref. 13584], Zhu 1995:49 [ref. 25213], Chen in Chen 1998:164 [ref. 23556], Shan et al. in Yue 2000:164 [ref. 25272], Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989], Hoàng et al. 2015:554 [ref. 33936], Zhang et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34477], Walton et al. 2016:1 [ref. 35037]). •Valid as Neolissochilus hemispinus (Chen & Chu 1985) -- (Lalramliana et al. 2018:[5] [ref. 35912], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Neolissochilus hemispinus (Chen & Chu 1985). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: East Asia: China. Habitat: freshwater.

hexastichus, Barbus McClelland [J.] 1839:269, 333, Pl. 39 (fig. 2) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Great rivers in the plains of India. Syntypes: SMF 547 (1). The SMF specimen recognized as a provisional lectotype (Rainboth 1985:28 [ref. 5968]). •In genus Neolissochilus -- (Rainboth 1985:27 [ref. 5968]). •Synonym of Tor tor (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:225 [ref. 20679], Menon 1999:61 [ref. 24904]). •Valid as Neolissochilus hexastichus (McClelland 1839) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:230 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:510 [ref. 23778], Doi 1997:8 [ref. 22832], Karmakar 2000:28 [ref. 25662], Lasker et al. 2013:3 [ref. 32883], Kottelat 2013:127 [ref. 32989], Arunachalam et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35058] as hexasticus, Lalramliana et al. 2018:[3] [ref. 35912], Dahanukar et al. 2023:149 [ref. 39963]). Current status: Valid as Neolissochilus hexastichus (McClelland 1839). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Southern Asia: India. Habitat: freshwater.

irida, Archamia Gon [O.] & Randall [J. E.] 1995:543, Fig. 2 [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 41; ref. 22803] El-Tor, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, among pilings. Holotype: BPBM 18184. Paratypes: BPBM 36451 (3), HUJ 17823 (1), SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 46951 (1), USNM 331829 (1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:27 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Archamia irida Gon & Randall 1995 -- (Randall & Satapoomin 1999:1 [ref. 24151]). •Synonym of Archamia fucata (Cantor 1849) -- (Gon & Randall 2003:28 [ref. 26750], Gon & Randall 2003:28 [ref. 27133], Randall 2005:196 [ref. 28239], Fraser 2013:20 [ref. 32894]). •Synonym of Taeniamia fucata (Cantor 1849) -- (Mabuchi et al. 2014: 198 [ref. 33426], Golani & Fricke 2018:79 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Taeniamia fucata (Cantor 1849). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

israelitarum, Apistus Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:396 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] El-Tor, Sinai coast, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, ca. 28°14'N, 33°36'E. Holotype: ZMB 806. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:60 [ref. 20738], Paepke & Fricke 1992:268 [ref. 19946]. Spelled israelitorum by Swainson 1839:165 [ref. 4304]. •Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Dor 1984:81 [ref. 29757], Golani & Fricke 2018:56 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Synanceiidae: Apistinae. Habitat: marine.

khudree, Barbus Sykes [W. H.] 1839:159 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1838 (pt 6) (for 27 Nov. 1838); ref. 18720] Mota Mola River, 8 miles east of Poona, Deccan, India. No types known. Appeared first as above, then in Sykes 1839:56 [ref. 4306]; more complete treatment in Sykes 1841:357 [ref. 18868]. •Valid as Tor khudree (Sykes 1839) -- (Pethiyagoda 1991:132 [ref. 20075], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:303 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:220 [ref. 20679], Easa & Shaji 1996:305 [ref. 24977], Zacharias et al. 1996:40 [ref. 25526], Jayaram 1997:53 [ref. 23452], Manimekalan 1998:437 [ref. 24989], Rema Devi & Raghunathan 1999:154 [ref. 24759], Menon 1999:57 [ref. 24904], Raju Thomas et al. 2000:444 [ref. 25319], Yadav 2000:41 [ref. 25661], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26359], Yadav 2003:15 [ref. 27711], Silas et al. 2005:127 [ref. 28697], Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011:228 [ref. 31585], Khare et al. 2014:[3] [ref. 33361], Hoàng et al. 2015:554 [ref. 33936], Arunachalam et al. 2016:1 [ref. 34181], Narasimhaiah et al. 2016:69 [ref. 34975], Arunkumar & Manimekalan 2018:1739 [ref. 36172], Laskar et al. 2018:[8] [ref. 35834], Bleher 2018:802 [ref. 36647], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256], Johnson et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40481]). Current status: Valid as Tor khudree (Sykes 1839). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: South Asia: India and Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater.

klausewitzi, Ctenogobiops Goren [M.] 1978:193, Fig. 2 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 59 (nos 3/4); ref. 1851] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype: HUJ 10063 [ex HUJ 5698]. Paratypes: SMF 13834-35 (1, 1), HUJ 5698 (5). Type catalog: Golani 2006:34 [ref. 28840] with holotype as 10096 (needs checking). •Valid as Ctenogobius klausewitzi Goren 1978 -- (Goren 1979:34 [ref. 1852], Dor 1984:243 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Amblygobius klausewitzi (Goren 1978) -- (Goren & Dor 1994:62 [ref. 25356], Bogorodsky & Goren 2023:4 [ref. 40247]). •Synonym of Amblygobius nocturnus (Herre 1945) -- (Randall 1995:328 [ref. 22896], Larson 2022:41 [ref. 39965]). Current status: Synonym of Amblygobius nocturnus (Herre 1945). Gobiidae: Gobiinae. Habitat: marine.

kotschyi, Labeobarbus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1049 [59] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq. Syntypes: NMW 49729 (1), 91022 (1). Illustrated by Heckel 1843: Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [ref.2607]. On p. 59 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Synonym of Barbus grypus Heckel 1843 -- (Coad 1991:14 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:12 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Tor grypus (Heckel 1843) -- (Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391]). •Synonym of Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel 1843) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:865 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:31 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:132 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel 1843). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Habitat: freshwater.

kulkarnii, Tor Menon [A. G. K.] 1992:222, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 89 (pt 2); ref. 20679] Darna River, Deolali, Maharashtra, India. Holotype: ZSI FF2710. Paratypes: ZSI FF2711 (3). •Valid as Tor kulkarnii Menon 1992 -- (Menon 1999:59 [ref. 24904], Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011:230 [ref. 31585], Hoàng et al. 2015:554 [ref. 33936], Pinder et al. 2018:7 [ref. 35981], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Tor kulkarnii Menon 1992. Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: South Asia: India and Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater.

laterivittatus, Tor Zhou [W.] & Cui [G.-H.] 1996:138, Fig. 10 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 22573] Nanla River, a tributary of Lancangjiang River, near Mengla Town, 21°29'N, 101°34'E, Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 8840041. Paratypes: KIZ 59186 (1), 78124 (1). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:347 [ref. 32939]. •Synonym of Tor sinensis Wu 1977 -- (Roberts 1999:229 [ref. 23900]). •Valid as Tor laterivittatus Zhou & Cui 1996 -- (Kottelat 1998:57, 60 [ref. 23436], Kottelat 2000:86 [ref. 25486], Kottelat 2001:83 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989], Hoàng et al. 2015:566 [ref. 33936], Kottelat 2015:44 [ref. 33971], Walton et al. 2016:1 [ref. 35037], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Tor laterivittatus Zhou & Cui 1996. Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia, East Asia: Laos and China. Habitat: freshwater.

longirostrum, Barbus (Labeobarbus) Kimura [Sh.] 1934:114, Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute Section 3, v. 1; ref. 16434] Chungking, Szechwan Province, China. Syntypes: (2) BDSSI (from Kottelat). Spelled longiridtrum on p. 115; inadvertet error. •Synonym of Tor brevifilis (Peters 1881) -- (Wu et al. 1977:327 [ref. 4807], Ding 1994:343 [ref. 21531] as longirostris). •Synonym of Folifer brevifilis (Peters 1881) -- (Kottelat 2013:103 [ref. 32989]). •Not treated by Zhang et al. 2016:90 [ref. 34477]. Current status: Synonym of Folifer brevifilis (Peters 1881). Cyprinidae: Acrossocheilinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

longispinis, Barbus Günther [A.] 1868:132 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Sri Lanka. Syntypes: BMNH 1852.2.19.126-127 (2), 1854.3.29.32 (3), 1858.10.19.70 (1), 1858.10.19.75 (1), 1858.10.19.94 (1). •Synonym of Tor khudree (Sykes 1839) -- (Pethiyagoda 1991:132 [ref. 20075], Menon 1992:220 [ref. 20679], Menon 1999:58 [ref. 24904], Khare et al. 2014:[3] [ref. 33361] as longispinus, Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696]). Current status: Synonym of Tor khudree (Sykes 1839). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Habitat: freshwater.

macrocephalus, Barbus McClelland [J.] 1839:270, 335, Pl. 55 (fig. 2) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Assam, India. Holotype: BMNH 1880.2.2.5 (stuffed). •Synonym of Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:223 [ref. 20679], Menon 1999:60 [ref. 24904], Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696]). Current status: Synonym of Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Habitat: freshwater.

macrolepis, Labeobarbus Heckel [J. J.] 1838:60, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [Fische aus Caschmir; ref. 2063] Kashmir. Holotype (unique): NMW 54284. •Synonym of Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822), but a valid subspecies -- (Mirza & Bhatti 1996:31 [ref. 23457]). •Valid as Tor macrolepis (Heckel 1838) -- (Mirza 2000:356 [ref. 25207], Mirza 2003:10 [ref. 27265]). •Synonym of Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822) -- (Mirza & Javed 1986:76 [ref. 23030], Menon 1992:223 [ref. 20679], Menon 1999:60 [ref. 24904], Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989], Khare et al. 2014:18 [ref. 33361], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Synonym of Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Habitat: freshwater.

mahanadicus, Tor mosal var. David [A.] 1953:246, Fig. 1a [Journal of the Zoological Society of India v. 5 (no. 2); ref. 20681] Hirakud [Hirakhud] stretch, Mahanadi River, Orissa, India. •Synonym of Tor khudree (Sykes 1838) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:304 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Tor tor (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:225 [ref. 20679], Menon 1999:62 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Tor mosal (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822) -- (Khare et al. 2014:18 [ref. 33361], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696]). •Valid as Tor mahanadicus David 1953 -- (Johnson et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40481]). Current status: Valid as Tor mahanadicus David 1953. Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: South Asia: Mahanadi River drainage, India. Habitat: freshwater.

malabaricus, Barbus Jerdon [T. C.] 1849:312 [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Mountain streams of Malabar, India. Syntypes: ZMB 10782 (1). Khare et al. 2014:[3] [ref. 33361] •Synonym of Tor khudree (Sykes 1839), but a valid subspecies -- (Indra 1993:185 [ref. 24009]). •Synonym of Tor khudree (Sykes 1839) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:303 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:220 [ref. 20679], Menon 1999:58 [ref. 24904], Khare et al. 2014:[3] [ref. 33361]). •Valid as Tor malabaricus (Jerdon 1849) -- (Silas et al. 2005:127 [ref. 28697], Pinder et al. 2018:12 [ref. 35981], Arunkumar & Manimekalan 2018:1739 [ref. 36172], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Tor malabaricus (Jerdon 1849). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: South Asia: India endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

margaritatus, Tetraodon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:66 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF (lost). •Valid as Canthigaster margaritata (Rüppell 1829) -- (Allen & Randall 1977:483 [ref. 6714], Dor 1984:285 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:74 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:405 [ref. 22896], Myers 1999:291 [ref. 23965], Mishra et al. 1999:89 [ref. 25315], Moura & Castro 2002:45 [ref. 25970], Randall 2005:651 [ref. 28239], Matsuura & Toda 2005:120 [ref. 28613], Randall 2007:492 [ref. 30952], DiBattista et al. 2015:22 [ref. 35706] dated 1826, Fricke et al. 2018:386 [ref. 35805], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[7] 245 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:182 [ref. 36273], Mishra et al. 2019:300 [ref. 36950], Matsuura et al. 2020:86 [ref. 37714], Matsuura 2022:464 [ref. 40261], Noushad K. et al. 2024:46 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Canthigaster margaritata (Rüppell 1829). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden. Habitat: marine.

megalepis, Barbus McClelland [J.] 1839:271, 337 [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Northern parts of Bengal, India. No types known. •Synonym of Tor tor (Hamilton 1822) -- (Mirza & Javed 1986:73 [ref. 23030], Menon 1992:225 [ref. 20679], Menon 1999:61 [ref. 24904]). •Synonymy of Tor mosal (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696]). Current status: Synonym of Tor mosal (Hamilton 1822). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Habitat: freshwater.

mekongensis, Tor Hoàng [H. D.], Pham [H. M.], Durand [J.-D.], Tran [N. T.] & Phan [P. D.] 2015:560, Figs. 4g, h, 5 [Zootaxa 4006 (no. 3); ref. 33936] Upper Mekong basin in montane evergreen forest in Bidoup-Núi Bà National Park, Lâm Đồng Province, Vietnam (12°16’23.68'N, 108°26’30.17'E, elevation 672 meters). Holotype: UNS00877. Paratypes: UNS00878-79 (1,1). •Valid as Tor mekongensis Hoàng, Pham, Durand, Tran & Phan 2015 -- (Walton et al. 2016:1 [ref. 35037], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Tor mekongensis Hoàng, Pham, Durand, Tran & Phan 2015. Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

mosal, Cyprinus Hamilton [F.] 1822:306, 388 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Nathpur, Kosi River [= Koshi River], upper Ganges drainage, Bihar, India. No types known. Information on type locality see Britz 2019:44 [ref. 37532]. Hamilton's original, unpublished illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 179 [ref. 37532]. •Synonym of Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822) -- (see Coad 1981:13 [ref. 22348], Menon 1992:223 [ref. 20679], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Menon 1999:60 [ref. 24904]). •Valid as Tor mosal (Hamilton 1822) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:305 [ref. 20764], Kundu 2000:96 [ref. 25663], Karmakar 2000:29 [ref. 25662] as mosai, Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011:228 [ref. 31585], Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989], Khare et al. 2014:[3] [ref. 33361], Hoàng et al. 2015:554 [ref. 33936], Raghavan et al. 2017:593 [ref. 35558], Laskar et al. 2018:[8] [ref. 35834], Bleher 2018:803 [ref. 36647], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256], Johnson et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40481]). Current status: Valid as Tor mosal (Hamilton 1822). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: South Asia: upper Ganges and upper Brahmaputra River basins (northern India and Nepal). Habitat: freshwater.

moseas, Cyprinodon Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:168, Pl. 529 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Red Sea; Moses Bay, at El-Tor, Sinai coast, Gulf of Suez, ca. 28°14'N, 33°36'E; Siwa Oasis, Matruh Governorate, Egypt, ca. 29°11'N, 25°33'E. Syntypes: MNHN A-3821 (4) Suez, 3963 (3, poor condition) Bains de Moise, 4380 (2, poor condition) Egypt, 5745 (3) Ethiopia. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:16-17 [ref. 19576]. •Synonym of Lebias fasciatus Valenciennes 1821 -- (Lazara 2001:185 [ref. 25711]). •Synonym of Aphanius dispar (Rüppell 1829) -- (Dor 1984:66 [ref. 29757], Wildekamp 1993:42 [ref. 26378]). •Synonym of Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes 1821) -- (Wildekamp et al. 1986:168 [ref. 6198]). Current status: Synonym of Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes 1821). Aphaniidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

mussullah, Barbus Sykes [W. H.] 1839:159 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1838 (pt 6) (for 27 Nov. 1838); ref. 18720] Downstream of Bhira Dam at Koland, Maharashtra State, Deccan, India. Neotype: ZSI/SRC F 8759. Appeared first as above, then in Sykes 1839:56 [ref. 4306]; more complete treatment in Sykes 1841:356, Pl. 61 (fig. 4) [ref. 18868]. Knight et al. 2014:280 [ref. 34128] named a neotype and another specimen as the lectotype (missing), an error; the neotype is hereby selected. Another neotype selected by Arunachalam et al. 2016:5 [ref. 34181] is invalid, preoccupied by the neotype designation in Knight et al. 2014, Code Art. 75.4. •Valid as Tor mussullah (Sykes 1839) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:306 [ref. 20764], Jayaram 1997:48 [ref. 23452], Yadav 2000:41 [ref. 25661], Yadav 2003:15 [ref. 27711], Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011:228 [ref. 31585], Khare et al. 2014:[3] [ref. 33361], Hoang et al. 2015:554 [ref. 33936]). •Valid as Hypselobarbus mussullah (Sykes 1839) -- (Menon 1999:80 [ref. 24904] as musullah, Knight et al. 2013:202 [ref. 33021], Knight et al. 2014:280 [ref. 34128], Arunachalam et al. 2016:4 [ref. 34181] with date 1838, Arunachalam et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34190], Arunachalam et al. 2016:76 [ref. 34522], Knight et al. 2016:326 [ref. 34872], Bleher 2018:568 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Hypselobarbus mussullah (Sykes 1839). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Karnataka, India. Habitat: freshwater.

neilli, Barbus Day [F.] 1869:581 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 21115] Thungabhadra River at Kurnool, southern India. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: AMS B.7870 (1, syntype?) Deccan; BMNH 1868.10.27.16-17 (2, dry); RMNH 2638 (1); ZSI 2295 (1), 7151 (1, lost). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:156 [ref. 23762], Ferraris et al. 2000:300 [ref. 25110]. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. •Valid as Tor neilli (Day) -- (Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011:228 [ref. 31585]). •Synonym of Tor khudree (Sykes 1839) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:303 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:220 [ref. 20679], Menon 1999:58 [ref. 24904], Pinder et al. 2018:12 [ref. 35981], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696]). Current status: Synonym of Tor khudree (Sykes 1839). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pardalis, Monacanthus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1837:57, Pl. 15 (fig. 3) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 2957. •Valid as Cantherhines [sometimes as Cantherines] pardalis (Rüppell 1837) -- (Hutchins 1977:55 [ref. 2283], Dor 1984:279 [ref. 29757], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:360 [ref. 6441], Hutchins 1986:884 [ref. 5673], Allen & Swainston 1988:152 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:67 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:462 [ref. 15987], Harmelin-Vivien & Quéro 1990:1063 [ref. 19527], Kuiter 1993:399 [ref. 23929] in Cantherhinus, Francis 1993:168 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:73 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:396 [ref. 22896], Lindberg et al. 1997:91 [ref. 23547], Allen 1997:242 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:462 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:285 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:592 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:754 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:30 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:94 [ref. 37268], Hutchins in Randall & Lim 2000:647 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1405 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:275 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:22 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:270 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:47 [ref. 25847], Hutchins 2001:3939 [ref. 26316], Nakabo 2002:1405 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:64 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:650 [ref. 27495], Matsuura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:222 [ref. 27510], Parin 2003:S33 [ref. 28536], Randall et al. 2004:32 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3332 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:445 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:634 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1884 [ref. 29098], Randall 2007:479 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:118 [ref. 30213], Matsuura 2009:330 [ref. 31171], Motomura et al. 2010:235 [ref. 31256], Randall 2011:19 [ref. 31468], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1073 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:272 [ref. 32706], Matsuura 2014:11 [ref. 33576], Parin et al. 2014:551 [ref. 33547], Fricke et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:18 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:380 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:179 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:327 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:102 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:612 [ref. 37272], Fermon et al. 2022:308 [ref. 39448] misidentified, Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:295 [ref. 41223], Hutchins 2022:434 [ref. 40252], Fricke et al. 2024:78 [ref. 41255]). Current status: Valid as Cantherhines pardalis (Rüppell 1837). Monacanthidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Australia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island (Australia) and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

polylepis, Tor Zhou [W.] & Cui [G.-H.] 1996:135, Figs. 7-8 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 22573] Nanla River, a tributary of Lancangjiang River, near Mengla Town, 21°29'N, 101°34'E, Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 863563. Paratypes: KIZ 59179 (1). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:347 [ref. 32939]. •Valid as Tor polylepis Zhou & Cui 1996 -- (Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989], Hoàng et al. 2015:554 [ref. 33936], Zhang et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34477], Walton et al. 2016:1 [ref. 35037], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256], Fu et al. 2021:9570 [ref. 39347]). Current status: Valid as Tor polylepis Zhou & Cui 1996. Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: upper Mekong River system (Yunnan/China) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

pottii, Cynoglossus Steindachner [F.] 1902:336 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 39 (no. 26) (for 11 Dec. 1902); ref. 4239] Harmil and El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Syntypes: (2) whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Cynoglossus pottii Steindachner 1902 -- (Dor 1984:272 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:72 [ref. 25356], Golani & Fricke 2018:176 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2023:16 [ref. 40708]). Current status: Valid as Cynoglossus pottii Steindachner 1902. Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic: Gulf of Suez, southern Red Sea, Eritrea. Habitat: marine.

progeneius, Barbus McClelland [J.] 1839:270, 334, Pl. 56 (fig. 3) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Great rivers in the plains of India. No types known. •Valid as Tor progeneius (McClelland 1839) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:306 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:222 [ref. 20679], Menon 1999:59 [ref. 24904], Karmakar 2000:29 [ref. 25662], Arunkumar & Basudha 2003:274 [ref. 28839] as progmeius in table, Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011:228 [ref. 31585] as progenius). •Synonym of Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822) -- (Lasker et al. 2013:2 [ref. 32883], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696]). Current status: Synonym of Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: India (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

putitora, Cyprinus Hamilton [F.] 1822:303, 388 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Brahmaputra River, at Gualpara [Goalpara], Assam, India. No types known. Information on type locality see Britz 2019:44 [ref. 37532]. •Valid as Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822) -- (Shrestha 1978:36 [ref. 15970], Ataur Rahman 1989:137 [ref. 24860], Coad 1981:13 [ref. 22348], Mirza & Javed 1986:76 [ref. 23030], Chu & Cui in Chu & Chen 1989:140 [ref. 13584], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:308 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:223 [ref. 20679], Sen 1995:519 [ref. 23778], Zhu 1995:49 [ref. 25213], Mirza & Bhatti 1996:31 [ref. 23457], Coad 1996:5 [ref. 23831], Sen 1999:193 [ref. 24750], Menon 1999:60 [ref. 24904], Rafique 2000:324 [ref. 25220], Shan et al. in Yue 2000:159 [ref. 25272], Kundu 2000:96 [ref. 25663], Karmakar 2000:29 [ref. 25662], Rafique et al. 2003:97 [ref. 27173], Ataur Rahman 2003:156 [ref. 31338], Chen & Yang 2004:187 [ref. 27990], Arunkumar & Basudha 2003:274 [ref. 28839], Shrestha 2008:82 [ref. 29923], Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011:228 [ref. 31585], Conway et al. 2011:1755 [ref. 31594], Ahmed et al. 2013:286 [ref. 32872], Lasker et al. 2013:1 [ref. 32883], Gurung et al. 2013:4882 [ref. 32969], Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989], Khare et al. 2014:[1] [ref. 33361], Hoàng et al. 2015:554 [ref. 33936], Zhang et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34477], Laskar et al. 2018:[8] [ref. 35834], Pinder et al. 2018:5 [ref. 35981], Bleher 2018:804 [ref. 36647], Harries et al. 2019:125 [ref. 37310], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256], Çiçek et al. 2023:21 [ref. 40326], Johnson et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40481]). Current status: Valid as Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: South Asia: Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

qiaojiensis, Tor (Tor) Wu [H.-W.] in Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen & He 1977:326, Fig. 7-61 [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 2; ref. 4807] Qiaojie, Yunnan Province, China. Syntypes: 60-6-546 to 547 (1, 1), 60-6-650 (1). •In genus Neolissochilus -- (Rainboth 1985:31 [ref. 5968]). •Valid as Tor qiaojinesis Wu 1977 -- (Chu & Cui in Chu & Chen 1989:139 [ref. 13584], Zhu 1995:49 [ref. 25213], Chen in Chen 1998:165 [ref. 23556], Shan et al. in Yue 2000:162 [ref. 25272], Zhang et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34477]). •Valid as Neolissochilus qiaojiensis (Wu 1977) -- (Kottelat 2013:127 [ref. 32989], Lalramliana et al. 2018:[5] [ref. 35912], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Neolissochilus qiaojiensis (Wu 1977). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: East Asia: Yunnan (China). Habitat: freshwater.

remadevii, Tor Kurup [B. M.] & Radhakrishnan [K. V.] 2011:227, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 107 (no. 3) [2010]; ref. 31585] Pambar River, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, southern India. Holotype: ZSI-WGRS V/F 13119a. Paratypes: ZSI-WGRS V/F 13119b (2); CUSAT Reg. No. SIF/Mus/F/212A-F212b (16). The name first appeared in the Abstracts of the International Symposium on the mahseer in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 2007, not a published work according to Art. 9.9 ICZN. Named for K. Rema Devi, who is a woman, the correct species epithet would be remadeviae, ICZN Art. 31.1.2, not to be corrected according to the ICZN. •Valid as Tor remadevii Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011 -- (Hoàng et al. 2015:554 [ref. 33936], Pinder et al. 2018:6 [ref. 35981] dated 2007, Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Tor remadevii Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011. Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: South Asia: Cauvery River basin (Kerala, India) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

rivulatus, Salaris Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:114 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 1843. Possible paralectotypes: RMNH 1808 [ex SMF] (1), SMF 6445 (1). Original genus should have been Salarias. Lectotype selected by Klausewitz 1964:137 [ref. 2295]. •Valid as Istiblennius rivulatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Dor 1984:231 [ref. 29757], Springer & Williams 1994:100 [ref. 21878], Goren & Dor 1994:60 [ref. 25356], Patzner et al. 2009:455 [ref. 30396], DiBattista et al. 2015:20 [ref. 35706], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[6] 244 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:140 [ref. 36273], Esmaeili et al. 2022:17 [26] [ref. 39526], Williams & Springer 2022:362 [ref. 39951]). Current status: Valid as Istiblennius rivulatus (Rüppell 1830). Blenniidae: Salariinae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

russelli, Caranx Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:99 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El-Tor, Sinai coast, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, ca. 28°14'N, 33°36'E. No types known. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:13 [ref. 12247]. Neotype designated by Bertin & Dolfus 1948 but not accepted by Smith-Vaniz. •Valid as Decapterus russelli (Rüppell 1830) -- (Nakamura in Okamura et al. 1982:229, 378 [ref. 8256] as russellii on p. 229, Kyushin et al. 1982:218 [ref. 19754], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:154 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:651 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:163 [ref. 15987], Baranes & Golani 1993:308 [ref. 22372], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:182 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:437 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:162 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:156 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:163 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:58 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:140 [ref. 23965], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:245 [ref. 24754], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2722 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:796 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:796 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:79 [ref. 27510], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:31 [ref. 27712] as russellii, Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Hoese & Gates 2006:1159 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Kimura 2009:122 [ref. 30425], Akmaca et al. 2010:117 [ref. 31168], Ho & Shao 2011: 45 [ref. 31432], Kimura et al. 2013:[2] [ref. 32890], Larson et al. 2013:122 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:119 [ref. 34464], Psomadakis et al. 2015:224 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:114 [ref. 35490], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[21] 259 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:184 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:85 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:50 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Bariche & Fricke 2020:125 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:427 [ref. 37272], Golani 2021:49 [ref. 38303], Kimura in Motomura et al. 2021:29 [ref. 38121], Kovačić et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39014], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:173 [ref. 41223], Smith-Vaniz 2022:52 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:117 [ref. 40522], Vilasri et al. 2023:82 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Decapterus russelli (Rüppell 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Philippines and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia) at 29°23’S and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

sinensis, Tor (Tor) tor Wu [H.-W.] in Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen & He 1977:325, Fig. 7-60 [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 2; ref. 4807] Bu-Yuen Jiang, Yunnan Province, China. Syntypes: IHB 00433 (1), 584252 (1), 634101 (1) and 634047 (1) Bu-Yuen Jiang, 7090 (1), 584139 (1), 584218 (1), 584268 (1) and 638199 (1) Jinghong, 638241-43 (1, 1, 1), 638245 (1) Menghan. •Synonym of Tor tor (Hamilton 1822), but a valid subspecies -- (Chu & Cui in Chu & Chen 1989:142 [ref. 13584], Zhou & Cui 1996:140 [ref. 22573]). •Valid as Tor sinensis Wu 1977 -- (Zhu 1995:50 [ref. 25213], Rainboth 1996:84 [ref. 22772], Chen in Chen 1998:166 [ref. 23556], Roberts 1999:229 [ref. 23900], Shan et al. in Yue 2000:160 [ref. 25272], Kottelat 2000:86 [ref. 25486], Hoàng et al. 2015:562 [ref. 33936], Zhang et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34477], Walton et al. 2016:1 [ref. 35037], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Fu et al. 2021:9570 [ref. 39347], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Tor sinensis Wu 1977. Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia and East Asia: Laos, Vietnam, China. Habitat: freshwater.

soro, Barbus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842:191 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 16; ref. 1009] River Sading vetang, Bantam, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH (not found). For authorship, see Scharpf 2015:499 [ref. 33890]. •Synonym of Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Lim et al. 1990:37 [ref. 16753], Roberts 1993:22-23 [ref. 21799]). •Tentatively valid -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:49 [ref. 2//3448]). •May belong in the genus Neolissochilus Rainboth 1985 -- (Roberts 1999:234 [ref. 23900]). •Valid as Tor soro (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Kottelat 2000:86 [ref. 25486]). •Synonym of Neolissochilus sorodes (Duncker 1904) -- (Khaironizam et al. 2015:153 [ref. 33812] with authorship as Bishop 1973). •Valid as Neolissochilus soro (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Kottelat 2013:127 [ref. 32989] with qualifications, Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256], Hasan et al. 2022:6035 [ref. 39888], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[6] [ref. 39245]). Current status: Valid as Neolissochilus soro (Valenciennes 1842). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

spicifer, Syngnathus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:143, Pl. 33 (fig. 4) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] El-Tor, Sinai coast, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, ca. 28°14'N, 33°36'E. Lectotype: SMF 937. Non-types: SMF 4908 (1). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:77 [ref. 29757] but Rüppell 1838 mentioned only one specimen. •Valid as Syngnathus spicifer Rüppell 1838 -- (Wu & Lu in Kuang et al. 1986:199 [ref. 26639] dated 1840, Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:229 [ref. 24550]). •Valid as Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838) -- (Dawson 1978:142 [ref. 7026], Dor 1984:77 [ref. 29757], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:86 [ref. 6441], Dawson 1985:98 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:452 [ref. 5650], Dawson 1986:283 [ref. 6201], Paxton et al. 1989:420 [ref. 12442], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:452 [ref. 25598], Allen 1991:107 [ref. 21090], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:766 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:99 [ref. 23448], Goren & Dor 1994:20 [ref. 25356], Rainboth 1996:176 [ref. 22772], Kottelat et al. 1993:99 [ref. 23448], Paulus 1999:2271 [ref. 24794] as spezifer, Nakabo 2000:524 [ref. 25086], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:604 [ref. 25122], Sakai et al. 2001:91 [ref. 25693], Allen et al. 2002:337 [ref. 25930], Nakabo 2002:524 [ref. 26001], Myers & Donaldson 2003:618 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:10 [ref. 27624], Tan & Lim 2004:110 [ref. 27716], Seegers et al. 2003:41 [ref. 28087], Fricke 2004:31 [ref. 28269], Randall 2005:109 [ref. 28239], Paxton et al. 2006:824 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2009:278 [ref. 30404], Jenkins & Mailautoka 2010:114 [ref. 30900], Motomura et al. 2010:87 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:375 [ref. 31242], Kottelat 2013:304 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:47 [ref. 33932], Miesen et al. 2016:87 [ref. 34492], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 1 [ref. 35615], Fricke et al. 2018:123 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:50 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:30 [ref. 36883], Zajonz et al. 2019:68 [ref. 36871], Taki et al. 2021:341 [ref. 39830], Moots 2022:463 [ref. 39722], Parvathy et al. 2023:[2] [ref. 41185]). Current status: Valid as Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell 1838). Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastrn Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

stracheyi, Barbus Day [F.] 1871:307 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 40 (pt 2, no. 1-4); ref. 14128] Moulmein, Myanmar. Lectotype: ZSI F 2175. Paralectotypes: ZSI F5509/1 (1) Akyab. Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:156 [ref. 23762]. Lectotype selected by Rainboth 1985:29 [ref. 5968]. •In genus Neolissochilus -- (Rainboth 1985:29 [ref. 5968]). •Valid as Tor stracheiyi [sic] -- (Vu & Nguyen 1997:26 [ref. 26438]). •Valid as Neolissochilus stracheyi (Day 1871) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:233 [ref. 20764], Rainboth 1996:83 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:8 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2001:61 [ref. 25780], Vidthayanon & Kottelat 2003:164 [ref. 26859], Kottelat 2013:128 [ref. 32989], Hoàng et al. 2015:563 [ref. 33936], Arunachalam et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35058], Lalramliana et al. 2018:[3] [ref. 35912], Fu et al. 2021:9570 [ref. 39347], Taki et al. 2021:125 [ref. 39830], Shangningam & Kosygin 2022:59 [ref. 39587]). Current status: Valid as Neolissochilus stracheyi (Day 1871). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Myanmar to Vietnam and Yunnan (China). Habitat: freshwater.

streeteri, Puntius Myers [G. S.] 1927:1, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 265; ref. 3097] Baloí River, near Paran River, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Holotype (unique): AMNH 8481. •Probably a synonym of Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Roberts 1989:81 [ref. 6439], Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989] with question). •Synonym of Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696]). Current status: Synonym of Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Habitat: freshwater.

szechwanensis, Barbus (Labeobarbus) Tchang [T.-L.] 1931:230, Fig. 3 [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zoological Series) v. 2 (no. 11); ref. 16335] Szechwan, China. Holotype: not researched. Paratypes: (2) ZMFMIB (from Kottelat). •Synonym of Tor brevifilis (Peters 1881) -- (Wu et al. 1977:327 [ref. 4807], Chu & Cui in Chu & Chen 1989:145 [ref. 13584], Ding 1994:343 [ref. 21531], Kottelat 2013:103 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Folifer brevifilis brevifilis (Peters 1881) -- (Zhang et al. 2016:90 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Synonym of Folifer brevifilis (Peters 1881). Cyprinidae: Acrossocheilinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

tambra, Barbus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842:190 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 16; ref. 1009] Bogor, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH D2280 (dry), and specimen on which Kuhl & van Hasselt drawing was based. Type information: Roberts 1993:22 [ref. 21799]. Kottelat (2013:169 [ref. 32989]) disagrees on the types. •Valid as Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Roberts 1989:81 [ref. 6439], Roberts 1993:22 [ref. 21799], Kottelat et al. 1993:49 [ref. 23448], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 1998:57 [ref. 23436] aff. tambra, Martin-Smith & Tan 1998:585 [ref. 23647], Roberts 1999:226 [ref. 23900], Ng & Tan 1999:355 [ref. 24159], Kottelat 2000:86 [ref. 25486], Kottelat 2001:83 [ref. 25780], Tan & Lim 2004:109 [ref. 27716], Parenti & Lim 2005:186 [ref. 28285], Roberts & Khaironizam 2008:40 [ref. 33824], Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989], Hoàng et al. 2015:552 [ref. 33936] with authorship Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842, Kottelat 2015:44 [ref. 33971], Zhang et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34477], Walton et al. 2016:1 [ref. 35037], Sulaiman et al. 2018:30 [ref. 35802], Wilkinson & Tan 2018:599 [ref. 36226], Ng et al. 2019:525 [ref. 36606], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Fu et al. 2021:9570 [ref. 39347], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256], Taki et al. 2021:124 [ref. 39830], Hasan et al. 2022:6035 [ref. 39888]). Current status: Valid as Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Indonesia and Mekong River basin; introduced in Yunnan/China. Habitat: freshwater.

tambroides, Labeobarbus Bleeker [P.] 1854:92 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 16939] Lake Meninju, Padang, Pajakombo, Solok, western Sumatra; Tjampea, Buitenzorg, Tjipannas, western Java, Indonesia. Syntypes and/or Bleeker specimens: (12) AMS B.7654 (1) Sumatra; BMNH 1866.5.2.64 (1); NMV 46320 (1); RMNH 2089 (9), 7026 (1). Original as tambroïdes. •Synonym of Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Wilkinson & Tan 2018:599 [ref. 36226]). •Valid as Tor tambroides (Bleeker 1854) -- (Roberts 1989:81 [ref. 6439], Kottelat et al. 1993:49 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:235 [ref. 23210], Zhou & Cui 1996:139 [ref. 22573], Rainboth 1996:85 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 1998:58 [ref. 23436], Martin-Smith & Tan 1998:585 [ref. 23647], Roberts 1999:235 [ref. 23900], Kottelat 2001:83 [ref. 25780], Parenti & Lim 2005:186 [ref. 28285], Tan & Kottelat 2009:53 [ref. 30261], Kottelat 2013:169 [ref. 32989], Hoàng et al. 2015:566 [ref. 33936], Kottelat 2015:44 [ref. 33971], Zhang et al. 2016:106 [ref. 34477], Walton et al. 2016:2 [ref. 35037], Sulaiman et al. 2018:30 [ref. 35802], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256], Taki et al. 2021:124 [ref. 39830], Hasan et al. 2022:6035 [ref. 39888]). Current status: Valid as Tor tambroides (Bleeker 1854). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Indonesia and Mekong River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

tentaculatus, Platycephalus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:104, Pl. 26 (fig. 2) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 1614. Paralectotypes: SMF 3115 (1, dry), 17527 (2, skeletons). •Synonym of Papilloculiceps longiceps (Cuvier 1829) -- (Dor 1984:90 [ref. 29757], Knapp 1986:484 [ref. 5683], Golani & Fricke 2018:58 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Papilloculiceps longiceps (Cuvier 1829). Platycephalidae. Habitat: marine.

tor, Cyprinus Hamilton [F.] 1822:305, 338 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Sannashigotta, Mahanada [Mahananda] River, India. No types known. Information on type locality see Britz 2019:44 [ref. 37532]. Hamilton's original, unpublished illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 178 [ref. 37532]. •Valid as Tor tor (Hamilton 1822) -- (Wu et al. 1977:323 [ref. 4807], Shrestha 1978:37 [ref. 15970], Mirza & Javed 1986:73 [ref. 23030], Ataur Rahman 1989:136 [ref. 24860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:309 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:225 [ref. 20679], Sen 1995:519 [ref. 23778], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Menon 1999:61 [ref. 24904], Karmakar 2000:29 [ref. 25662], Ataur Rahman 2003:155 [ref. 31338], Chen & Yang 2004:189 [ref. 27990], Arunkumar & Basudha 2003:274 [ref. 28839], Shrestha 2008:83 [ref. 29923], Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011:228 [ref. 31585], Conway et al. 2011:1755 [ref. 31594], Gurung et al. 2013:4882 [ref. 32969], Kottelat 2013:169 [ref. 32989], Khare et al. 2014:[3] [ref. 33361], Hoàng et al. 2015:554 [ref. 33936], Laskar et al. 2018:[8] [ref. 35834], Bleher 2018:806 [ref. 36647], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256], Johnson et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40481]). Current status: Valid as Tor tor (Hamilton 1822). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: South Asia: Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

triangularis, Chaetodon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:42, Pl. 9 (fig. 3) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype: SMF 1642. •Synonym of Megaprotodon trifascialis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Dor 1984:177 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Burgess 1978:418 [ref. 700], Golani & Fricke 2018:110 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Habitat: marine.

trivittata, Beanea Steindachner [F.] 1902:337 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 39 (no. 26) (for 11 Dec. 1902); ref. 4239] Near El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type not found at NMW. On Official Index (Opinion 1481); suppressed for priority but not homonymy. •Regarded sometimes as a holocentrid, but apparently is an apogonid -- (see Dor 1984:72 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:18 [ref. 25356]). •Probably the same as Siphamia permutata Klausewitz 1966 -- (Randall et al. 1986:193 [ref. 13253]). •Senior synonym of Siphamia permutata Klausewitz 1966 -- (Gon & Randall 2003:x [ref. 26750], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:64 [ref. 35264]). •Synonym of Siphamia tubifer Weber 1909 -- (Fraser et al. 2022:209 [ref. 39752]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Siphamia tubifer Weber 1909. Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine.

typus, Lepidopygopsis Raj [B. S.] 1941:210, Fig. (p. 211), Pl. 7 [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 43 (pt 2); ref. 3596] Periyar Lake, Travancore, India, elevation 2709 feet. Holotype: ZSI F13510/1. Paratypes: CAS-SU 36567 (2), ZSI F13511/1 (9). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291], Menon & Yazdani 1968:113 [ref. 20743]. •Valid as Lepidopygopsis typus Raj 1941 -- (Tilak 1987:108 [ref. 23969], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:396 [ref. 20764], Zacharias et al. 1996:40 [ref. 25526], Menon 1999:116 [ref. 24904]. Dahanukar et al. 2013:113 [ref. 32827] related to Tor, etc., Arunkumar & Manimekalan 2018:1739 [ref. 36172] as Lepiphygopsis, Bleher 2018:604 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Lepidopygopsis typus Raj 1941. Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: Periyar River drainage, Western Ghats, India. Habitat: freshwater.

yingjiangensis, Tor Chen [Z.-M.] & Yang [J.-X.] 2004:186, Fig. 1 [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 70 (no. 2); ref. 27990] Yingjiang River, Manyun Town, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 164401. Paratypes: KIZ 64235 (1), 704404 (1), 764229 (1), 764236 (1). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:347 [ref. 32939]. •Valid as Tor yingjiangensis Chen & Yang 2004 -- (Kottelat 2013:169 [ref. 32989], Hoàng et al. 2015:554 [ref. 33936], Zhang et al. 2016:106 [ref. 34477], Walton et al. 2016:2 [ref. 35037], Pinder et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36696], Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Tor yingjiangensis Chen & Yang 2004. Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: East Asia: Yunnan (China) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

yunnanensis, Folifer Wang [Y.-H.], Zhuang [D.-D.] & Gao [L.-C.] 1982:219 [222], Fig. 3 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 8399] Gehekou, Jiangchuan County, Lake Fuxianhu, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: ECSFRI 58-1428. Paratypes: (8) ECSFRI and NIGLAS. English description on p. 222. •Valid as Tor yunnanensis (Wang, Zhuang & Gao 1982) -- (Chu & Cui in Chu & Chen 1989:143 [ref. 13584], Yang 1991:195 [ref. 13585], Yang & Chen 1995:61 [ref. 23555], Zhu 1995:50 [ref. 25213], Shan et al. in Yue 2000:157 [ref. 25272]). •Valid as Folifer yunnanensis Wang, Zhuang & Gao 1982 -- (Zhang et al. 2016:90 [ref. 34477] as Foliter, Jaafar et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38256]). Current status: Valid as Folifer yunnanensis Wang, Zhuang & Gao 1982. Cyprinidae: Acrossocheilinae. Distribution: East Asia: Yunnan (China) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

zhobensis, Tor Mirza [M. R.] 1967:54 [Pakistan Journal of Scientific Research v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 17772] Zhob River basin, Pakistan. Holotype: Author's coll. Paratypes: (4) Author's coll. (3?), ZMA 114741 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:37 [ref. 19236]. •Synonym of Tor chelynoides (McClelland 1838) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:302 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Tor zhobensis Mirza 1967 -- (Coad 1981:13 [ref. 22348], Mirza & Javed 1986:76 [ref. 23030], Kullander et al. 1999:152 [ref. 23689]). •Valid as Naziritor zhobensis (Mirza 1967) -- (Mirza & Javed 1992:99 [ref. 23458], Rafique 2000:324 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2000:355 [ref. 25207], Mirza 2003:8 [ref. 27265], Çiçek et al. 2023:51 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Naziritor zhobensis (Mirza 1967). Cyprinidae: Torinae. Distribution: South Asia: Zhob River (Pakistan) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

zonatus, Tor Lin [S.-Y.] 1935:308, Fig. 5 [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 2779] Liuchow, Kwangs [Guangxi]i, China. Holotype and 11 paratypes deposited at the Fisheries Exp. Station, and LNHSM. •Valid as Tor zonatus Lin 1935 -- (Wu et al. 1977:330 [ref. 4807], Chu & Cui in Chu & Chen 1989:146 [ref. 13584], Zheng et al. 1989:197 [ref. 21202], Zhu 1995:50 [ref. 25213], Yue & Chen 1998:122 [ref. 26415], Shan et al. in Yue 2000:165 [ref. 25272]). •Valid as Parator zonatus (Lin 1935) -- (Mai 1978:88 [ref. 13511], Kottelat 2001:34 [ref. 25482], Kottelat 2013:239 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:94 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Parator zonatus (Lin 1935). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.