Species that contain: Urogymnus and asperrimus [ 5 ] records

africana, Raja Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:367 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Guinea, West Africa (?). Holotype (unique): ZMB 7837 (dry skin, partial specimen). Type catalog: Paepke & Schmidt 1988:177 [ref. 21041], Paepke 1999:75 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Urogymnus africanus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Compagno & Roberts 1984:285 [ref. 8237], Dor 1984:19 [ref. 29757], Paxton et al. 1989:43 [ref. 12442], Séret in Lévêque et al. 1990:74 [ref. 21589], Randall et al. 1990:30 [ref. 15987], Goren & Dor 1994:6 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:47 [ref. 22896] with asperrimus a synonym, Randall et al. 1997:30 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:39 [ref. 23965], Myers & Donaldson 2003:610 [ref. 27495], Haroon & Kibria 2021:118 [ref. 39241] as africana). •Possible synonym of Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Compagno 1986:141 [ref. 5648]). •Synonym of Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Capapé & Desoutter 1990:63 [ref. 19317], Last & Stevens 1994:415 [ref. 23873], Last & Compagno 1999:1497 [ref. 24639], Bonfil & Abdallah 2004:52 [ref. 27735], Randall 2005:20 [ref. 28239], Compagno et al. 2005:76 [ref. 29145], Paxton et al. 2006:196 [ref. 28995], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:58 [ref. 35264] as africanus with author as Fowler 1956, Weigmann 2016:141 [ref. 34211], Séret 2016:1418 [ref. 34545], Ebert et al. 2021:96 [ref. 38234], White & Fricke 2021:399 [ref. 38324], Manjaji-Matsumoto et al. 2022:614 [ref. 39674]). Current status: Synonym of Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Dasyatidae: Urogymninae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

asperrima, Raja Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:367 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Mumbai, India. Holotype (unique): ZMB 7836 (dry skin, partial specimen). Type catalog: Paepke & Schmidt 1988:177 [ref. 21041], Paepke 1999:75 [ref. 24282]. Urogymnus africanus and U. asperrimus are considered synonyms; both appeared in the same work; first reviser not researched. •Synonym of Urogymnus africanus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Dor 1984:20 [ref. 29757], Séret in Lévêque et al. 1990:68 [ref. 21589], Randall 1995:47 [ref. 22896]). •Valid as Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Compagno 1986:141 [ref. 5648], Paxton et al. 1989:44 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:5 [ref. 13251], Capapé & Desoutter 1990:63 [ref. 19317], Last & Stevens 1994:414 [ref. 23873], Morón et al. 1999:151 [ref. 24253], Last & Compagno 1999:1497 [ref. 24639], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:583 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:16 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:22 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S94 [ref. 27377], Bonfil & Abdallah 2004:52 [ref. 27735], Ishihara et al. 2004:2 [ref. 27852], Randall 2005:20 [ref. 28239], Compagno et al. 2005:76 [ref. 29145], Paxton et al. 2006:196 [ref. 28995], Kimura 2009:14 [ref. 30426], Last el al. 2010:236 [ref. 32461], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:58 [ref. 35264], Fricke et al. 2011:348 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:66 [ref. 31980], Naylor et al. 2012:73 [ref. 32267] see remarks, Larson et al. 2013: 21 [ref. 32988], Ebert et al. 2013:364 [ref. 33045], Psomadakis et al. 2015:105 [ref. 34104], Weigmann 2016:141 [ref. 34211], Séret 2016:1418 [ref. 34545], Last et al. 2016:363 [ref. 34581], Last et al. 2016:173 [ref. 34634], Last et al. 2016:614 [ref. 35010], White et al. 2017:266 [ref. 35860], Fricke et al. 2018:27 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:16 [ref. 36273], Kumar et al. 2018:298 [ref. 36178], White & Ko'ou 2018:63 [ref. 35922], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:174 [ref. 37302], Eagderi et al. 2019:11 [ref. 37020], Bineesh et al. 2020:25 [ref. 37641], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 4 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:210 [ref. 37272], Sen et al. 2020:94 [ref. 37564], Ebert et al. 2021:96 [ref. 38234], Haroon & Kibria 2021:118 [ref. 39241], Fermon et al. 2022:108 [ref. 39448] with question, Manjaji-Matsumoto et al. 2022:614 [ref. 39674], Allen & Erdmann 2024:69 [ref. 40796], Glaus et al. 2024:7 [ref. 40788]). Current status: Valid as Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Dasyatidae: Urogymninae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Liberia; Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Mariana Islands and Fiji, south to Western Australia, Chesterfield Islands and New Caledonia; possibly eastern Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine.

krusadiensis, Urogymnus asperrimus var. Chacko [P. I.] 1944:81 [Current Science v. 13 (no. 3); ref. 20941] Krusadai Island, Gulf of Manaar, India. Syntypes: ZSI (1). Dasyatidae. Habitat: marine.

rhombeus, Urogymnus Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:683 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: (2) SMNS 1630 (1, not found, probably lost), ZMB 10864 (1, dry). Type catalog: Fricke 1992:9 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:35 [ref. 29864]. •Synonym of Urogymnus africanus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Dor 1984:20 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Bonfil & Abdallah 2004:52 [ref. 27735]). Current status: Synonym of Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Dasyatidae: Urogymninae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

solanderi, Urogymnus asperrimus Whitley [G. P.] 1939:255, Fig. 17 [Australian Zoologist v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4695] Erub [= Darnley] Island, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique) parts: QM I.1112 (buccal flaps), I.1113 (jaws), I.1114 (dry tail). •Synonym of Urogymnus africanus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:44 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Last & Stevens 1994:415 [ref. 23873], Paxton et al. 2006:196 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Synonym of Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Dasyatidae: Urogymninae. Habitat: brackish, marine.