australe, Geophagus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1907:454, Pl. 23 (fig. 7) [Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 8 (for 1906); ref. 10024] Buenos Aires [Ensenada, Buenos Aires Province], Argentina. Holotype: Princeton Univ. (whereabouts unknown). Paratypes: CAS 51440 [ex IU 11352] (2, now 3), Princeton Univ. (orig. 6, whereabouts unknown). Type locality see Calviño & Waldbillig 2020:1 [ref. 37512]. •Valid as Gymnogeophagus australis (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Gosse 1976:133 [ref. 7029], Reis & Malabarba 1988:275 [ref. 6638], Gómez & Chebez 1996:66 [ref. 23791], Haro et al. 1996:6 [ref. 25004], Wimburger et al. 1998:510 [ref. 23857], Sverlij et al. 1998:78 [ref. 27632] as Eigenman, Casciotta et al. 2000:53 [ref. 24908], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:634 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:87 [ref. 28131], Staeck 2006:104 [ref. 29421], González-Bergonzoni et al. 2009:23 [ref. 30455], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622], Malabarba et al. 2015:660 [ref. 34105], Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:50 [ref. 35565], Alonso et al. 2019:S1 [ref. 36529], Calviño & Waldbillig 2020:1 [ref. 37512], Loureiro et al. 2023:155 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Gymnogeophagus australis (Eigenmann 1907). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: lower Paraná River and Río de la Plata basins (Argentina and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.