holomelas, Pimelodus Günther [A.] 1863:442 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 12 (no. 72); ref. 1973] Essequibo River, Guyana. Lectotype: BMNH 1864.1.21.8 (95.4 mm SL, smallest of four). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1864.1.21.9-11 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:199 [ref. 29155]. Also appeared in Günther 1864:23, 120 [ref. 1974]. Lectotype selected by Silfvergrip 1996:131 [ref. 22347]. •Valid as Rhamdia holomelas Günther 1863 -- (Burgess 1989:278 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Rhamdia laukidi Bleeker 1858 -- (Silfvergrip 1996:90 [ref. 22347], Bockmann & Guazzelli in Reis et al. 2003:423 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:199 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Rhamdia laukidi Bleeker 1858. Heptapteridae: Rhamdiinae. Habitat: freshwater.