gladiolus, Acestra Günther [A.] 1864:261 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Cupai [= Cupari], Rio Tapajós basin, Amazon River drainage, Pará State, Brazil. Lectotype: BMNH 1853.3.19.66 (91 mm SL). Paralectotypes: (2) BMNH 1853.3.19.67 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:237 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Isbrücker 1979:114 [ref. 2302]. •Valid as Farlowella gladiolus (Günther 1864) -- (Isbrücker 1980:98 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:441 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Farlowella amazonum (Günther 1864) [often seen as amazona] -- (Retzer & Page 1997:69 [ref. 23176], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:11 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:237 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Farlowella gladiolus (Günther 1864) -- (Covain et al. 2015:513 [22] [ref. 34066], Dopazo et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40178]). Current status: Valid as Farlowella gladiolus (Günther 1864). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.