affinis, Otocinclus Steindachner [F.] 1877:221 [5], Pl. 1 (figs. 1-1b) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 76 (1. Abth.); ref. 14247] Streams at Santa Cruz in region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 45368:1. Paralectotypes: NMW 45368:2-3 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:271 [ref. 29155]. On p. 5 of separate. Lectotype selected by Schaefer 1997:49 [ref. 23213]. •Valid as Macrotocinclus affinis (Steindachner 1877) -- (Isbrücker et al. 2001:20 [ref. 25649], Isbrücker et al. 2001:30 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:23 [ref. 27178], Ferraris 2007:271 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Otocinclus affinis Steindachner 1877 -- (Isbrücker 1980:81 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:438 [ref. 12860], Schaefer 1997:46 [ref. 23213], Britto & Moreira 2002:1067 [ref. 26512], Britto et al. 2002:735 [ref. 26546], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:324 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:44 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131], Delapieve et al. 2018:23 [ref. 35713]). •Stefan Koerber, pers. comm. 3/8/2010 suggests that the López et al. 2003 and Menni 2004 references are not this species and range is Brazil only. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus affinis Steindachner 1877. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.