contradens, Hypancistrus Armbruster [J. W.], Lujan [N. K.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2007:64, Figs. 1A, 2 [Copeia 2007 (no. 1); ref. 29036] Río Ventuari, 23 kilometers northeast of Macuruco, 94 kilometers east of San Fernando de Atabapo, 4°04'50"N, 66°51'31"W, Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MCNG 54656. Paratypes: Many lots at ANSP, AUM, FMNH, and MCNG. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Hypancistrus contradens Armbruster, Lujan & Taphorn 2007 -- (Tan & Armbruster 2016:134 [ref. 34145], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:80 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hypancistrus contradens Armbruster, Lujan & Taphorn 2007. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.