Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Reference Record:
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de Santana, C. D., W. G. R. Crampton, C. B. Dillman, R. G. Frederico, M. H. Sabaj Pérez, R. Covain, J. Ready, J. Zuanon, R. R. de Oliveira, R. N. Mendes-Júnior, D. A. Bastos, T. F. Teixeira, J. Mol, W. Ohara, N. Castro e Castro, L. A. Peixoto, C. Nagamachi, L. M. de Sousa, L. F. A. Montag, F. Ribeiro, J. C. Waddell, N. M. Piorsky, R. P. Vari and W. B. Wosiacki 2019 (10 Sept.) [ref. 36958] See ref. online
- Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator. Nature Communications v. 10: 4000: 1-10.