rafinesquii, Nyctophus Cocco [A.] 1838:180 [20], Pl. 7 (fig. 7) [Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali e rendiconto dei lavori dell'Accademia della Scienze dell'Instituto di Bologna con appendice agraria. Bologna Anno 1, Tomo 2 (fasc. 9); ref. 865] San Raineri, Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. On p. 20 of separate. •Valid as Diaphus rafinesquii (Cocco 1838) -- (Krefft & Bekker 1973:180 [ref. 7181], Paxton 1979:7 [ref. 6440], Hulley in Whitehead et al. 1984:448 [ref. 13675] as rafinesquei, Scott & Scott 1988:214 [ref. 25518], Klausewitz 1989:257 [ref. 13650], McAllister 1990:104 [ref. 14674], Hulley 1990:418 [ref. 15273], Golani 1994:36 [ref. 23162], Santos et al. 1997:46 [ref. 23531] as rafinesquei, Arruda 1997:45 [ref. 24952] as rafinesquei, McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:642 [ref. 23897], Porteiro et al. 1999:35 [ref. 24203], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:151 [ref. 27754], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:174 [ref. 26753], Hartel & Craddock 2003:950 [ref. 27005], Moore et al. 2003:200 [ref. 27076], Cihangir et al. 2003:568 [ref. 27170] as rafinesquei, Golani 2005:23 [ref. 37112] as rafinesquei, Mundy 2005:219 [ref. 28379], Fricke et al. 2007:60 [ref. 29533], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:25 [ref. 36649] as rafinesquei, Goren & Galil 2015:515 [ref. 33910], Hulley 2016:1895 [ref. 34576], Carneiro et al. 2019:118 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:93 [ref. 36864], Balushkin & Prirodina 2020:54 [ref. 37828], Kovačić et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37519], Sutton et al. 2020:176 [ref. 37832] in subgenus Diaphus, Golani 2021:25 [ref. 38303] as rafnesquei, Kovačić et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:67 [ref. 39279] with question, Prokofiev et al. 2022:11 [ref. 38957], Page et al. 2023:95 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Diaphus rafinesquii (Cocco 1838). Myctophidae: Diaphinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in temperate and tropical seas (including Mediterranean Sea). Records from Indian and Pacific oceans require verification [ref. 34576]. Habitat: marine.