cyanellus, Lepomis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1819:420 [Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle v. 88; ref. 3590] Ohio River, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:234 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque 1819 -- (Lee et al. 1980:591 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:298 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:366 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:140 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:180 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:267 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:112 [ref. 23239], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:63 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:410 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:739 [ref. 21581], La Rivers 1994:571 [ref. 23389], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Baxter & Stone 1995:228 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:266 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:192 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:533 [ref. 25836], Sigler & Sigler 1996:252 [ref. 25943], Gilbert 1998:234 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:710 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:360 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:43 [ref. 26594], Ruiz-Campos et al. 2000:77 [ref. 24940], Ross et al. 2001:410 [ref. 25978], Moyle 2002:389 [ref. 26449], Roe et al. 2002:900 [ref. 26504], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:177 [ref. 27816], Bailey et al. 2004:177 [ref. 27882], Nelson et al. 2004:131 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:302 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:450 [ref. 27995], Mundy 2005:351 [ref. 28379], Miller 2006:332 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2008:14 [ref. 30399], Minckley & Marsh 2009:285 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:500 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:135 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:272 [ref. 35886], Jamandre 2023:163 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque 1819. Centrarchidae: Lepominae. Distribution: Widespread in North America. Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.