sympterygium, Heptapterus Buckup [P. A.] 1988:644, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 1988 (no. 3); ref. 6635] Canal at east side of highway BR-471, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 32°32'S, 52°31'W. Holotype: MZUSP 19179. Paratypes: AMNH 50001 (3); MAPA 419 (1), 696 (1), 1611 (1), 1613 (1, c&s), 1615-1619 (5), 1624-1628 (5), 1629-1630 (2); MCZ 58442 (5); MZUSP 19180-88 (9); RMNH 28721-23 (1, 1, 1); UFRGS 698 (2), 1200-1209 (10), 1210 (1 c&s), 1211-1216 (6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:184 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Heptapterus sympterygium Buckup 1988 -- (Buckup 1988:649 [ref. 6635], Malabarba 1989:140 [ref. 14217], Burgess 1989:277 [ref. 12860], Bockmann & Guazzelli in Reis et al. 2003:413 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:184 [ref. 29155], Aguilera et al. 2011:243 [ref. 31080], Azpelicueta et al. 2011:326 [ref. 31489], Koerber & Litz 2014:3 [ref. 34967], Bertaco et al. 2016:417 [ref. 34561], Koerber & Litz 2016:4 [ref. 35098], Aguilera et al. 2017:579 [ref. 35499], Faustino-Fuster et al. 2019:371 [ref. 36604], Koerber et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37480], Koerber et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38894], Giora & Wingert 2023:93 [ref. 41026], Koerber et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:128 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Heptapterus sympterygium Buckup 1988. Heptapteridae: Heptapterinae. Distribution: South America coastal lowlands of eastern Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil) and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.